- make variables:

let nameVariable = value;

const nameVariable = value; (constant variable, cannot change
later)
var nameVariable = value; (less use than let, the same
function like let)

score -= 5 equal to score = score + 5;

- clear () = command + K
- i++ : it returns the current value on the first print, then if print
again i, it will come the value of i++
- ++i: it right away makes the +1 to i

- BOOLEANS : True or False

- STRING: ‘ ‘ or “ “
- Length: variable.length animal.length
- 1 + “string” = 1string (become a string)
- METHOD:
+ .trim() : remove all the spaces inside the string
+ Make more than 1 method at the same time:
greeting.trim().toUpperCase()
+ Find the position of a character in a string:
“helloooo!”.indexOf(‘lo’);
+ Cut a part of the string and copy it out: “Haha it’s so
funny!”.slice(5, 9) —> it’s
+ "haha that's so funny!".slice(-6) —> ‘funny!’
+ replace(original, what you want it to become)

- TEMPLATE LITERALS:
`You bought ${qty} ${product}s. Total is ${qty * price}$` —> 'You
bought 5 Artichokes. Total is 11.25$'
````````

- NULL : intentionally lack of value. We assign

- Undefined : lack of value or cannot be defined

- Math Object :
+ Math.round(3.9)
+ Math.random() : between 0 and 1
+ Math.floor() or Math.ceil()
+ Math.pow (2,3) —> 8

- COMPARISONS:
+ == : does not care about the type
+ === : care about type —> Recommended to use now

- console.log(“HELLO”) : Print Hello

- Prompt() : take the input from the page
- Alert(): pop up a message on the page
- parseInt() : make a string become an integer / find and extract
the integer in the string

- Make a file with .JS

- Open the file on website —> Inspect —> Console
- Add this to the end of “Body” in html
<script src="app.js"></script>

- IF STATEMENT
+ if (1+1 === 2){ console.log(“Math works!”)
console.log(“It works!”)}
else if (…){
}

- !== -1 : co
- === -1: ko co
- False values : false, 0 , “” (empty string), null, undefined, NaN

- LOGICAL Operations : and && , or || , not

+ when using && or || , else if have to be changed also, otherwise it will come to the next
else if
+ have to be separate: age > 0 && age < 5
0

- ARRAYS (order thing in the group : useful when making a queue…)

+ let days = [‘mon’,’tues’,’wed’]
+ days[1] = ‘tues’

- ARRAY METHODS:
+ Push(): add to the end days.push(‘thurs’) —> add ‘thurs’ to the array
+ Pop: remove from the end days.pop() —> remove ‘thurs’ from array
+ Shift: remove from the start
+ Unshift: add to the start
+ Concat() : merge 2 arrays concat array3 =
array1.concat(array2);
+ .includes(‘cat’) : ask if an element is included in the array or
not —> True/False answer
+ .indexOf(‘cat’): find the place of element . If -1 —> does not
exist
+ .reverse() : reverse the whole array
+ .slice : get a copy of a part of the array . cats.slice(1,3)
cats.slice(-2)
+ .splice(index, (0 is insert, > 1 is replace > 1 element), ‘new
element’)
+ remove multiple things also Array.splice(2,3)
+ insert: dcats.splice(1,0,’red’)
+ add more things : dcats.splice(2,0,’black’,’white’)
+ const array : cannot reassign but can change, replace the interior/
content

- OBJECT LITERALS: (order of things are not important but we have

a lot of sorts of things )
{ firstname: Chi , lastname: Nguyen}
+ key : value (pair)
+ take element out of the Literals : person[‘firstName’] or
person.firstName
+ All keys are turned into strings
+ Change the value: person.firstName = ‘ ‘ or
person[‘firstName’] = ‘ ‘
+ Add values : person.age = 19 or person[‘age’] = 19

- ARRAYS + OBJECTS

LOOPS: For loop, while loop, for…of loop, for…in loop

- For loop: for (let i = 1; i < = 10; i++) {
console.log(i); }

- While loop (prefer to use for unknown times / when play game, as
long as no one has won the game, then the loop keeps continuing)
let num = 0;
while (num < 10) {
console.log(num)
 num++ }

- break;

- for…of Loop:
for (variable of iterable) {
statement}

- for…in Loop:
give the key in the object like const testScores = {
chi: 89;
dan: 9;
nhi: 200}

- Object.values(testScores) —> [89, 9 ,200]

Object.keys(testScores) —> [‘chi’, ‘dan’, ‘nhi’]
Object.entries(testScores) —> [‘chi’: 89, ‘dan’ : 9, ‘nhi’: 200]

**** FUNCTION *****

function funcName() { //do sth }
- Argument: function funcName(variable1, variable2) {
console.log(`Hi, ${variable1}!`); }

- Return : Eg: function add (x , y ) {

return x+y; }
+ Everything after return will not be executed
+ Return only 1 thing

- FUNCTION SCOPE
- BLOCK SCOPE: variables exist inside the block { } like if {
} . But var can be executed, var will not be in block
- LEXICAL SCOPE: one function in another. The father function has
to call the child function to access to it.
- Accept other functions as arguments :
function callTwice(func) {
func() ;
func() }
function rollDie() { const roll = Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) + 1
console.log(roll) }
callTwice(rollDie) —> Give 2 different numbers
 callTwice(rollDie()) —> Give 1 number 2 times

- Return a function :
- Methods : add function as properties on objects

const myMath = {
PI: 3.14,
square: function(num){
return num * num;
},
cube: function(num){
return num** 3;
}
}

Or square(num) cube(num)
- THIS : refer to the left object before dot

******ARRAY METHODS********
- ForEach() : call a function for each element in the array a time
movies.forEach(function(movie){
console.log(`${movie.title}: ${movie.score}/100`)
}
)

- MAP : like ForEach but store new elements in a new array.

const fullNames = [{first: 'Albus', last: 'Dumbledore'}, {first: 'Harry', last:
'Potter'}, {first: 'Hermione', last: 'Granger'}, {first: 'Ron', last: 'Weasley'}, {first: 'Rubeus',
last: 'Hagrid'}, {first: 'Minerva', last: 'McGonagall'}, {first: 'Severus', last: 'Snape'}];

const fistNames = fullNames.map(function(firstName){

return firstName.first
}
)

- Arrow Function: is ike any other function. Make the function

expression shorter
const add = (x,y) => { return x + y }

- Implicit return when there is 1 single line

const add = (x,y) => ( x + y ) or const add = (x,y) => x+ y

- Pause, set timer, set timeout : delay the execution function

setTimeout ()
- Interval : setInterval () —> Stop : clearInterval ( ID)

- Filter : filter out to make a subset in a new array

const goodMovies = movies.filter(m => m.score > 80
)

- Some and Every : Boolean

const exams = [80,90,98,92,77,78,89,84,81,77]

exams.every(score => score >=80)

- Reduce : const prices = [9.99,1.5,19.99,49.99,30.50];

const minN= prices.reduce((min, price) => {

if(price < min){
return price
} else { return min}
}
)

- Default params :
function rollDie (numSides = 6)
return Math.floor(Math.random()* numSides) +1 ;
}
—> There will be no undefined. If there is no number for numSides,
it takes numSides = 6 automatically

The params variable can stay at last :

function greet(person, msg = 'Hello there' ){
console.log(`${msg}, ${person}`)
}

- Spread (separate) :