SYNOPSIS

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

ON
“Smart Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System”

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of requirements for the Award of Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication Engineering

Submitted To

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

KHANDARI CAMPUS, AGRA

Submitted By

AYUSH TIWARI (20ECE14)

KSHITIJ SINGH (20ECE19)
VIVEK YADAV (20ECE51)

Under the guidance of

Dr. G.K. SINGH
Dr. MUKESH BAGHEL
Er. ANKITA MAHESHWARI

DEPARTMENT OF ELCTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY , KHANDARI CAMPUS, AGRA
[Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University , Agra (U.P.)]
 SYNOPSIS
TOPIC  SMART WIRELESS ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION :

As the world transitions towards sustainable transportation solutions, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as
a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, the widespread adoption
of EVs is contingent upon the development of efficient and convenient charging infrastructure. Smart wireless
electric vehicle charging systems represent a cutting-edge solution to address this challenge, offering a
seamless and intelligent approach to powering up electric vehicles.

At its core, a smart wireless EV charging system utilizes advanced technology to enable the wireless transfer of
electrical energy from a charging infrastructure to an electric vehicle. Unlike traditional plug-in charging
methods, which require physical connections between the vehicle and the charging station, wireless charging
systems eliminate the need for cables and connectors. Instead, they rely on electromagnetic induction or
resonance to transmit power wirelessly, providing a hassle-free and user-friendly charging experience.

Key components of a smart wireless EV charging system include a charging pad or base station installed on the
ground, beneath the parking space, and a receiving coil integrated into the vehicle. When the EV is parked
over the charging pad, the system automatically initiates the charging process, aligning the transmitting and
receiving coils to establish a wireless power transfer connection. This automated and contactless charging
mechanism not only enhances user convenience but also reduces wear and tear on charging equipment,
prolonging its lifespan.

What sets smart wireless EV charging systems apart is their integration with intelligent software and
communication technologies, enabling advanced functionalities and features. These systems leverage sensors,
connectivity, and data analytics to optimize charging efficiency, manage energy consumption, and provide
real-time monitoring and control. For instance, smart charging algorithms can dynamically adjust charging
parameters based on factors such as grid demand, electricity prices, and vehicle usage patterns, ensuring
optimal performance and cost-effectiveness. We Use RFID in this smart charging system.

Moreover, smart wireless EV charging systems can be seamlessly integrated into smart grid infrastructure,
enabling bidirectional energy flow and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities. This
bidirectional energy exchange facilitates energy storage and grid stabilization, allowing EVs to serve as
distributed energy resources and participate in demand response programs. By leveraging vehicle-to-grid
interactions, smart wireless charging systems contribute to grid resilience, renewable energy integration, and
overall energy sustainability.
OBJECTIVE :
Objective for Smart Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System:

 Enhanced User Convenience: The primary objective of implementing a smart wireless electric vehicle
charging system is to enhance user convenience. By eliminating the need for physical connections and
enabling contactless charging, the system aims to simplify the charging process for EV owners, making
it more seamless and user-friendly.

 Optimized Charging Efficiency: Another objective is to optimize charging efficiency by leveraging

advanced technologies and algorithms. Smart wireless charging systems can dynamically adjust
charging parameters based on factors such as grid demand, energy prices, and vehicle usage patterns,
ensuring efficient energy transfer and minimizing charging times.

 Grid Integration and Stability: Smart wireless EV charging systems contribute to grid integration and
stability by facilitating bidirectional energy flow and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interactions. The objective is
to leverage EV batteries as distributed energy resources, enabling energy storage and grid stabilization
while minimizing the impact of EV charging on grid infrastructure.

 Cost-Effectiveness and Sustainability: Implementing smart wireless EV charging systems aims to

achieve cost-effectiveness and sustainability in electric vehicle charging. By optimizing energy
consumption, reducing infrastructure costs, and supporting renewable energy integration, the
objective is to promote environmentally friendly and economically viable transportation solutions.

 Scalability and Accessibility: The objective is to develop scalable and accessible charging infrastructure
that can accommodate the growing demand for electric vehicles. Smart wireless charging systems
should be deployable in various locations, including homes, workplaces, public parking areas, and
commercial facilities, ensuring widespread accessibility and adoption.
 Reliabiliy and Safety: Ensuring reliability and safety is a key objective of smart wireless EV charging
system implementation. The system should meet stringent safety standards and regulations to prevent
accidents and ensure the protection of users and vehicles. Reliability measures should also be
implemented to minimize downtime and disruptions in charging operations.

 Interoperability and Standardization: To promote interoperability and compatibility across different

charging systems and EV models, the objective is to establish common standards and protocols for
smart wireless charging. This facilitates seamless integration with existing infrastructure and enables
interoperability between different manufacturers and service providers.

 Customer Satisfaction and Experience: Ultimately, the objective of implementing smart wireless EV
charging systems is to enhance customer satisfaction and experience. By providing a convenient,
efficient, and reliable charging solution, the system aims to meet the needs and expectations of EV
owners, fostering greater adoption and acceptance of electric vehicles.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

BLOCK DIAGRAM :
PROJECT COMPONENTS:

The components of a smart wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging system can vary depending on the specific design,
technology, and functionality requirements. Here the main components that play major role in “Wireless electric vehicle
charging system” .

 Arduino Nano 2x:

The Arduino Nano would handle tasks such as:
Monitoring the status of the charging pad components (e.g., transmitter coil, power electronics).
Communicating with the EV's receive r coil to establish a charging connection.
Implementing safety features such as overcurrent protection and temperature monitoring.
Handling user interface elements such as status indicators or display screens.
The Arduino Nano would receive commands or data from the central control system and execute appropriate
actions accordingly.

 RFID Reader Module:

The RFID reader module plays a crucial role in enabling secure and efficient wireless charging for electric
vehicles by facilitating vehicle identification, authentication, and communication with the charging
infrastructure.

 IR Sensor:
IR sensors are utilized in wireless charging systems for electric vehicles to detect the presence of the vehicle,
ensure proper alignment between the charging pad and the EV's receiver coil, and facilitate the initiation of the
charging process.

 Wireless Charging Module:

The wireless charging module is a crucial component of wireless charging systems for electric vehicles, enabling
efficient, convenient, and safe charging without the need for physical cables or connectors. In wireless charging
systems for electric vehicles (EVs), a wireless charging module facilitates the transfer of electrical energy
wirelessly from the charging infrastructure to the vehicle's battery.

 5V Adaptor:
The 5V adapter itself is not directly involved in the wireless charging process of electric vehicles, it plays a crucial
role in powering auxiliary components and interfaces within the charging infrastructure, facilitating efficient
operation and user interaction.

 Solar Pannel:
Solar panels are utilized in wireless charging systems for electric vehicles to harness renewable solar energy and
supplement grid electricity, providing sustainable and environmentally friendly charging solutions for EVs.

 Battery:
Batteries are not directly used in the wireless charging process of electric vehicles (EVs). However, batteries play
a critical role in storing electrical energy within the vehicle and enabling wireless charging to be practical and
efficient.
  Transformer:
In wireless charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs), transformers are crucial components that facilitate the
transfer of electrical energy wirelessly between the charging infrastructure and the vehicle's battery.

 DC Motor for energy generator:

DC motors used as energy generators in wireless charging systems for electric vehicles enable the recovery and
utilization of kinetic energy during braking or deceleration, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and
sustainability in EV operations.

 Coil (Core & Shield):

Coils with core and shield components are integral to wireless charging systems for electric vehicles, enabling
efficient and reliable inductive power transfer by generating and coupling magnetic fields between the charging
infrastructure and the vehicle.
There is two main coil involve in this project .
a. Primary Coil (Transmitter Coil)
b. Secondary Coil (Receiver Coil)

 Atmega Controller:
In wireless charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs), an Atmega controller, typically an Atmega
microcontroller, can be employed for various control and management tasks within the charging infrastructure.

 AC to DC Converter:
AC to DC converter plays a crucial role in wireless charging systems for electric vehicles by converting AC power
from the grid or another power source into the DC voltage required for charging the vehicle's battery, enabling
efficient and reliable wireless charging operations.

 LCD Display:
LCD display serves as a user-friendly interface in wireless charging systems for electric vehicles, providing
essential information, error notifications, and control options to users, thereby enhancing the usability and
effectiveness of the charging process. On LCD display user can also watch the time and cost of charging

APPLICATION OF SMART WIRELESS ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM:

The application of smart wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems extends across various
sectors and scenarios, offering numerous benefits and enabling new capabilities. Some key
applications include:

 Residential Charging: Smart wireless EV charging systems can be installed in residential settings,
allowing EV owners to conveniently charge their vehicles at home without the need for physical cables
and connectors. Automated charging initiation, remote monitoring, and user-friendly interfaces
enhance the charging experience for homeowners.
  Commercial and Workplace Charging: Businesses, offices, and commercial properties can deploy
smart wireless charging infrastructure in parking lots and garages to accommodate employee and
customer EV charging needs.

 Public Charging Stations: Smart wireless EV charging systems can be deployed in public charging
stations, parking facilities, and urban areas to provide on-the-go charging for EV owners. These systems
offer seamless integration with smart city infrastructure, enabling features such as dynamic pricing,
occupancy monitoring, and integration with public transportation networks.

 Fleet Charging Solutions: Fleet operators, including taxi companies, delivery services, and public
transportation agencies, can benefit from smart wireless charging systems to efficiently manage their
EV fleets. Automated fleet scheduling, energy optimization, and real-time monitoring enhance
operational efficiency and reduce downtime.

 Automotive Dealerships and Service Centers: Automotive dealerships and service centers can
incorporate smart wireless charging systems into their facilities to offer EV charging services to
customers. This enhances customer satisfaction, promotes EV adoption, and provides additional
revenue streams for businesses.

 Integration with Renewable Energy Sources: Smart wireless EV charging systems can be integrated
with renewable energy sources such as solar panels or wind turbines to enable clean and sustainable
charging. Energy management algorithms optimize charging schedules based on renewable energy
availability, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering carbon emissions.

 Fleet Management and Telematics Integration: Integration with fleet management and telematics
systems enables advanced functionalities such as remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, and
fleet optimization. This allows fleet operators to track charging status, monitor vehicle health, and
optimize charging schedules to minimize costs and maximize efficiency.

ADVANTAGE OF SMART WIRELESS ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM:

The smart wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging system offers several advantages over traditional plug-in
charging methods, contributing to improved efficiency, convenience, and sustainability in the electrified
transportation ecosystem. Some key advantages include:

 Convenience: Smart wireless EV charging systems eliminate the need for physical cables and
connectors, offering a seamless and hassle-free charging experience. EV owners can simply park their
vehicles over the charging pad, and the charging process initiates automatically, without requiring
manual intervention.
  User-Friendly Operation: The automated and contactless nature of smart wireless charging systems
makes them highly user-friendly. EV owners, including those with limited mobility or physical
disabilities, can easily access and use the charging infrastructure without struggling with plugs or cords.
 Reduced Wear and Tear: By eliminating the physical wear and tear associated with plug-in charging
connectors, smart wireless EV charging systems can prolong the lifespan of both the charging
infrastructure and the vehicle's charging port. This reduces maintenance costs and enhances reliability
over time.
 Optimized Charging Efficiency: Smart wireless charging systems incorporate advanced technology and
algorithms to optimize charging efficiency. They dynamically adjust charging parameters such as
voltage, current, and charging rate based on factors such as battery state of charge, energy demand,
and grid conditions, ensuring fast and efficient charging.
 Flexibility and Adaptability: Smart wireless EV charging systems offer flexibility and adaptability to
various deployment scenarios and use cases. They can be installed in residential, commercial, or public
settings, accommodating different parking configurations and user preferences. This scalability allows
for widespread adoption and integration into existing infrastructure.
 Integration with Smart Grids: Smart wireless charging systems can seamlessly integrate with smart
grid infrastructure, enabling bidirectional energy flow and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid
(V2G) capabilities. This integration enhances grid stability, supports renewable energy integration, and
enables demand response initiatives, contributing to overall energy sustainability.
 Enhanced Safety Features: Smart wireless EV charging systems incorporate advanced safety features
to ensure safe operation for both the vehicle and users. These features may include overcurrent
protection, overvoltage protection, temperature monitoring, ground fault detection, and insulation
monitoring, mitigating potential risks associated with electric charging.

 Cost-Effectiveness: While the initial investment in smart wireless EV charging infrastructure may be
higher compared to traditional plug-in systems, the long-term cost-effectiveness can be significant.
Reduced maintenance costs, increased reliability, and improved operational efficiency can lead to
overall cost savings over the system's lifespan.

 Promotion of EV Adoption: The convenience, efficiency, and user-friendly operation of smart wireless
EV charging systems can help promote the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. By addressing
common barriers to EV ownership, such as charging infrastructure availability and accessibility, these
systems contribute to accelerating the transition to sustainable transportation solutions.

DISADVANTAGE OF SMART WIRELESS ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM:

While smart wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems offer numerous benefits, they also come with
certain disadvantages and challenges that need to be addressed. Some of the key disadvantages include:

 Efficiency and Energy Losses: Wireless power transfer technologies, such as electromagnetic induction
or resonance, may introduce energy losses compared to direct wired connections. These losses can
 reduce the overall efficiency of the charging process and result in increased energy consumption,
potentially impacting the environmental sustainability of electric transportation.

 Higher Initial Costs: Smart wireless EV charging systems often entail higher initial installation costs
compared to traditional plug-in charging infrastructure. The technology required for wireless power
transfer, such as transmitter and receiver coils, control electronics, and communication interfaces, can
be more expensive to implement. This may pose a barrier to widespread adoption, particularly in
regions with limited funding for infrastructure development.

 Limited Charging Speeds: Wireless charging systems may have slower charging speeds compared to
high-power plug-in chargers, particularly for fast-charging requirements. The efficiency and power
transfer capabilities of wireless charging may not yet match those of wired solutions, resulting in
longer charging times for EV owners.

 Compatibility and Standardization Issues: The lack of standardized wireless charging protocols and
compatibility between different EV models and charging systems can pose challenges for
interoperability and widespread adoption. EV manufacturers may implement proprietary wireless
charging technologies, leading to fragmentation and compatibility issues within the market.

 Distance and Alignment Constraints: Wireless charging systems require precise alignment between
the charging pad and the vehicle's receiver coil to ensure efficient power transfer. Variations in parking
positions, vehicle sizes, and alignment accuracy can impact charging performance and reliability.
Additionally, charging distances may be limited, requiring vehicles to be parked directly over the
charging pad, which may not always be feasible in crowded or constrained parking spaces.

 Interference and Environmental Factors: Wireless charging systems may be susceptible to

electromagnetic interference from surrounding electronic devices or environmental factors such as
weather conditions or physical obstructions. Interference can disrupt charging operations and affect
system reliability, requiring additional measures for interference mitigation and environmental
resilience.

 Safety Concerns: While smart wireless EV charging systems incorporate safety features, such as
overcurrent protection and temperature monitoring, wireless power transfer technologies introduce
new safety considerations. Risks such as electromagnetic radiation exposure, electrical hazards, and
fire hazards may need to be addressed through rigorous testing, standards compliance, and safety
regulations.

 Regulatory and Permitting Challenges: The deployment of smart wireless EV charging systems may
face regulatory and permitting challenges related to safety certifications, zoning regulations, and
building codes. Ensuring compliance with local regulations and obtaining necessary permits can add
complexity and delay to the installation process.
FUTURE SCOPE :

Fast Charging and High-Power Charging: In the future, wireless charging systems will place a greater emphasis
on delivering faster charging speeds and higher power outputs. This will enable users to charge their devices
more quickly, including smartphones, electric vehicles, and other electronic devices.

CONCLUSION :

In conclusion, the emergence and advancement of smart wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems
represent a significant milestone in the transition towards sustainable transportation solutions. These
innovative charging technologies offer numerous advantages, including convenience, efficiency, and
sustainability, while addressing key challenges associated with traditional plug-in charging methods. By
eliminating the need for physical cables and connectors, smart wireless charging systems provide a seamless
and user-friendly charging experience for EV owners, promoting broader adoption and acceptance of electric
mobility.

Furthermore, the integration of smart features such as communication interfaces, energy management
algorithms, and safety mechanisms enhances the functionality and effectiveness of these charging systems.
They enable optimized charging efficiency, bidirectional energy flow with smart grids, and seamless
interoperability with various EV models and charging infrastructure. As a result, smart wireless EV charging
systems contribute to grid stability, renewable energy integration, and overall energy sustainability, while
supporting the growth of electric mobility in residential, commercial, and public settings.

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