582201

Engineering
Statics

Dr. Rattanaporn Kasemsri

School of Civil Engineering
Department of Engineering
 Summary
• Systems of Units
Lecture 2

• Space(length), time, force

• Idealizations
Engineering Statics

• Newton’s Law
• International System of Units (SI) and Significant
figures
• 4 digits for calculation
• 3 digits for answer
 Method of Problem Solution
Lecture 2

• Problem Statement:
Includes given data, specification of what is to be determined,
and a figure showing all quantities involved.

• Free-Body Diagrams:
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Create separate diagrams for each of the bodies involved with

a clear indication of all forces acting on each body.

• Fundamental Principles:
The six fundamental principles are applied to express the
conditions of rest or motion of each body. The rules of algebra
are applied to solve the equations for the unknown quantities.

1-3
 General Procedure for Analysis
• Read the problem carefully and try to correlate the actual physical
Lecture 2

situation with the theory studied.

• Tabulate the problem data and draw to a large scale any necessary
diagrams.
• Apply the relevant principles, generally in mathematical form.
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When writing any equations, be sure they are dimensionally

homogeneous.
• Solve the necessary equations and report the answer with no more
than three significant figures.
• Study the answer with technical judgment and common sense to
determine whether or not it seems reasonable.
The most effective way of learning the principles
1-4 of engineering mechanics is to solve problems
 What is Mechanics?
• Example of systems using in this study
Lecture 2
Engineering Statics
Engineering Statics Lecture 2

Lecture 2
 Force Vectors
• Chapter Objectives
Lecture 2

• To show how to add forces and resolve them into

components using the Parallelogram Law and Triangular
construction.
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• To express force and position in Cartesian vector form

and explain how to determine the vector’s magnitude and
direction.

• To introduce the dot product in order to determine the

angle between two vectors or the projection of one vector
onto another.
 Force Vectors
• Scalars and Vectors
Lecture 2

• A scalar is any positive or negative physical quantity that can

be completely specified by its magnitude.

• A vector is any physical quantity that requires both a

magnitude and a direction for its complete description.
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• A vector is shown graphically by an arrow. The length of

the arrow represents the magnitude of the vector, and the
angle  between the vector and a fixed axis defines the
direction of its line of action .
 Force Vectors
• Scalars and Vectors
Lecture 2

Scalar Vector
Example length, mass, and force, position, and
time moment
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Special A magnitude a magnitude and a

characteristic direction
Vector addition Directly combine the Parallelogram Law or
Triangular construction.
Symbol Italic text Italic or bold text with
superscript arrow
 Vector Operations
• Draw the vector F of 4 units that have an angle  with
Lecture 2

horizontal axis
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This vector is represented for Force and calculated for force

resultant.
 Vector Operations
• Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar.
Lecture 2
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• If a vector is multiplied by a positive scalar, its magnitude

is increased by that amount.
• Multiplying by a negative scalar will also change the
directional sense of the vector.
 Vector Operations
• Application of Vector addition
Lecture 2

• From the picture, the

tension in both cables
generate 2 forces act
together at the bracket
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• Therefore, how can we

determine the Resultant
Force at the bracket from
these s forces ?

1. Graphic Method and 2. Force components and Force additional

 Vector Operations
• Find magnitude of resultant force and its direction
Lecture 2

measured clockwise from +u - axis.

F1= 200 cos 30i+ 200 sin 30j
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F2= 300 cos 50i-300 sin 50j

FR= 366.0i - 129.8 j N

FR= 388.3 N
 Vector Operations
• Find magnitude of resultant force and its direction
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measured clockwise from +u - axis.

FR= 366.0i - 129.8 j N

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FR= 388.3 N

The direction is measured

clockwise from +u - axis.

 = tan-1(129.8/366.0) = 19.5
 Vector Operations
• Application of Vector addition
Lecture 2

• From the picture, the

tension in 4 cables generate
4 forces act together at the
bracket and the stake under
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the ground

• Therefore, how can we

determine the Resultant
Force at the bracket from
these s forces ?

1. Graphic Method and 2. Force components and Force additional

 Vector Operations
• Vector addition by Graphic Method
Lecture 2

• Parallelogram law
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Connected the tail

 Vector Operations
• Vector addition by Graphic Method
Lecture 2

• Triangular construction
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Using tail connected

the head
 Vector Operations
• Vector Subtraction by Graphic Method
Lecture 2
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• Parallelogram law • Triangular construction

Connected the tail Using tail connected the head

 Vector Operations
Lecture 2

• Resolution of Vector
• It uses an inverse of Parallelogram law
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 Vector Operations
Lecture 2

• Summation of Force Vector

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 Vector Operations
• Triangle (not Right Triangle)
Lecture 2
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Law of cosines Find one side from 2 sides and 1 angle.

Law of sines

If find the side, must know the 2 angles and 1 side.

If find the angle, must know the 1 angle and 2 sides.
 Example2-1(Give the force’s components,
find the resultant force)
Lecture 2

• Find magnitude of resultant force and its orientation

measured clockwise from +u - axis.
Usescale 100 N = 2 cm
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Opposite angles are equal.

 = (360-80-80)/2 = 200/2= 100
Total angle in parallelogram = 360
 Example2-1(Cont.)
• Find magnitude of resultant force. Should we use law of sines or
law of cosines?
Lecture 2
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 Example2-2 (Give the resultant force, find the
force’s components)
Lecture 2

• A beam is supported by using two chains. a.) Find the force’s

components FA and FB due to the resultant force 600 N in +y –
axis and θ= 45. Usescale 100 N = 2 cm
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 Example2-2 (Cont.)

• A beam is supported by using two chains. a.) Find the force’s

Lecture 2

components FA and FB due to the resultant force 600 N in +y –

axis and θ= 45.
By using law of sines, we have
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 Example2-2 (Cont.)

• NOTE: a.) Find the force’s components FA and FB due to the

Lecture 2

resultant force 600 N in +y – axis and θ= 45.

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 Example2-2 (Cont.)

• b.) If the resultant force = 600 N in +y – axis, Find the force’s

Lecture 2

components FA and FB and θ in the condition that FB is minimum.

Engineering Statics
 Example2-2 (Cont.)
• b.) If the resultant force = 600 N in +y – axis, Find the force’s
Lecture 2

components FA and FB and θ in the condition that FB is minimum.

The force FB is minimum when the force FA is normal to FB and then we have
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The magnitude of FA and FB are

 Coplanar Force Summation force
Lecture 2

• Using Parallelogram law

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 Coplanar Force Summation force
• Using Cartesian vector notation
Lecture 2

Unit vector is the vector that has 1 unit and has the same
direction with the vector
Unit vector in x – axis is “i” and unit vector in y – axis is “j”
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 Coplanar Force Resultants
• Coplanar Force Resultants
Lecture 2
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 Coplanar Force Resultants
Lecture 2

1. Force components and Force vectors

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 Coplanar Force Resultants
Lecture 2

2. Find the Force resultant by summation of force

in x – axis and y - axis
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 Coplanar Force Resultants
3. Find the Magnitude and direction of Force resultant
Lecture 2
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 Example2-3
• The pin support subjected to force F1, F2 and F3. Find the Cartesian
Lecture 2

vector of the force F1, F2 and F3. Also, find the magnitude and direction
of the resultant force, measured counter-clockwise from +x-axis.
Cartesian vector of F1, F2 and F3
Engineering Statics
 Example2-3 (Cont.)
• The pin support subjected to force F1, F2 and F3. Find the Cartesian
Lecture 2

vector of the force F1, F2 and F3. Also, find the magnitude and direction
of the resultant force, measured counter-clockwise from +x-axis.
Engineering Statics
 Question type
• Example2-1 (Give the force’s components, find the
Lecture 2

resultant force)
Find magnitude of resultant force and its orientation
measured clockwise from +u - axis.
Engineering Statics
 Question type
• Example2-2 (Give the resultant force, find the force’s
Lecture 2

components)
A beam is supported by using two chains. Find the force’s
components FA and FB due to the resultant force 600 N in+ y–axis
and θ= 45.
Engineering Statics
Engineering Statics Lecture 2

End