Generating mathematical symbols

using
Math AutoCorrect or Unicode

Document reference: B013

Date: June 2017

Disclaimer
This guidance may include references to external websites, services or
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given without any representation or endorsement of those websites,
services or products.

Copyright © 2017
UK Association for Accessible Formats (UKAAF). Not for re-sale. You
may reproduce in whole or in part with acknowledgement to UKAAF.

1
 Generating mathematical symbols using
Math AutoCorrect or Unicode

Contents
Introduction ................................................................................... 3
Microsoft Word .............................................................................. 3
Setting up Math AutoCorrect in WORD ......................................... 4
Using Unicode............................................................................... 5
Problems with entry method .......................................................... 5
Grade 1 indicators and spacing ..................................................... 5
Table of symbols and codes.......................................................... 6
Playing card symbols .................................................................. 10
Greek letters ............................................................................... 11
Examples using Math AutoCorrect .............................................. 13
Adding more!............................................................................... 14

Appendix A
Fonts ........................................................................................... 15

Appendix B
Setting up Math AutoCorrect in WORD without using a mouse ... 18

Appendix C
Symbols which must be in grade 1 .............................................. 19

UKAAF contact details ................................................................ 21

UKAAF further information .......................................................... 21

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Introduction
There are more symbols used in mathematics than are shown on a
standard keyboard. Whilst there are various ways to generate additional
symbols this document has been written to help with two specific
methods within Microsoft Word. Consideration has also been given to the
result when these symbols are translated into Braille using the Duxbury
Braille Translator software.
I am grateful to James Bowden for the guidance and support he has
provided in the creation of this document.

David Spybey
March 2017

Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word has many built in mathematical symbols that can be
created using its Math AutoCorrect feature. It is a useful feature which
can be used if you do not have mathematical typesetting software or if
you are writing mathematics which does not contain complex notation.
The tables below show a wide range of mathematical symbols that will
translate correctly into UEB using the Duxbury Braille Translator (11.3 or
12.1). Other braille translation software may also translate these symbols
correctly.
The entries in the "Print Outcome" column in all the tables are shown in
the font Cambria Math. The "Normal" font used in a document may affect
the style of the print outcome and more detail is provided in Appendix A.
To find a full list of symbols that can be generated using Math
AutoCorrect go to https://support.office.com and search for "math
autocorrect".

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Setting up Math AutoCorrect in WORD
The explanation below is based on a Microsoft web page.
The reference to the font Cambria Math may be unnecessary but there
are some symbols that are preferable in this font and more information
about this is given in Appendix A.
Appendix B provides details of how to set up Math AutoCorrect for those
who are not using a mouse or mouse pad.

***************
To insert a Math AutoCorrect symbol, type one of the codes given in the
tables below followed by a delimiting term. For example, after you type a
code, type a punctuation mark, or press SPACEBAR or ENTER. To
ensure that the Math AutoCorrect symbols appear the same in your
document as they do in the AutoCorrect dialog box, on the Home tab, in
the Font group, select Cambria Math.
To insert a Math AutoCorrect symbol outside of an equation, you need to
select the Use Math AutoCorrect rules outside of math regions check
box in the AutoCorrect dialog box.
Use Math AutoCorrect rules outside of an equation
Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Word Options.
Click Proofing, and then click AutoCorrect Options.
Click the Math AutoCorrect tab.
Select the Use Math AutoCorrect rules outside of math regions
check box.
***************

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Using Unicode
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the encoding of text and
symbols. Some Unicode values contain a letter and the standard way to
display these codes uses capital letters but lower case letters work
equally well. For example, 25A1 and 25a1 both lead to a hollow square.
To use Unicode type the symbol's Unicode value and then Alt+X, i.e.
after the Unicode value hold down the Alt key and tap the X key.
You cannot have a number, or one of the letters a-f, before the Unicode
value so it may be necessary to insert a space before the Unicode value
and then delete it afterwards.

Problems with entry method

There are potential issues with both Math AutoCorrect and Unicode.
For example, to get 4√3 using Math AutoCorrect a space or punctuation
is needed after the root sign and this needs to be deleted before typing
the 3. To get 4√3 using Unicode there needs to be a space before typing
the Unicode value 221A for the root sign and this space needs to be
deleted at some stage.
It should also be noted that the font following the insertion of one of
these symbols may result in a font change from the "Normal" document
font and more detail of this is given in Appendix A.

Grade 1 indicators and spacing

When material is written using an equation editor, such as MathType, the
translation software will generally space the material following UEB
guidance and it will use a mixture of grade 1 symbol/word/passage
indicators.
When material is written using either Unicode or Math AutoCorrect the
translation software is likely to follow the spacing of the print material and
it will only make use of grade 1 symbol indicators.
Some of the symbols in the following tables need to be in grade 1 and
will require an indicator which sets up grade 1 before them. A full list of
these symbols is given in Appendix C.

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Table of symbols and codes

Math Print Braille

Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\angle 2220 ∠ _[ angle sign
approximately equal
\approx 2248 ≈ ^9
to
\ast 2217 ∗ "9 asterisk
\because 2235 ∵ @/ because, since
\bot 22A5 ⊥ #- perpendicular to
\box 25A1 □ $#d hollow square
\cap 2229 ∩ .8 intersection
dot operator,
\cdot 22C5 ⋅ "4
multiplication dot
\circ 2218 ∘ "0 hollow dot
\cong 2245 ≅ "_9 is congruent to
\cup 222A ∪ .6 union
\dashv 22A3 ⊣ @_3 reverse assertion
\degree 00B0 ° ^j degrees
\div 00F7 ÷ "/ division sign
\dots 2026 … 444 ellipsis
\downarrow 2193 ↓ \% down arrow
\Downarrow 21D3 ⇓ \7% down double arrow
\emptyset 2205 ∅ @j empty set
\equiv 2261 ≡ _= equivalent
\exists 2203 ∃ ^5 there exists
\forall 2200 ∀ ^a for all
greater than or equal
\ge 2265 ≥ _@>
to
greater than or equal
\geq 2265 ≥ _@>
to

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Math Print Braille
Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\gets 2190 ← \[ left arrow
\gg 226B ≫ .@> much greater than
\hbar 210F ℏ @3h Dirac constant, h-bar
\hookleftarrow 21A9 ↩ \5533[ left arrow with hook
\hookrightarrow 21AA ↪ \9933o right arrow with hook
\in 2208 ∈ ^e is an element of
increment, Laplace
\inc 2206 ∆ ,.d operator, same as
capital delta
\infty 221E ∞ #= infinity
\int 222B ∫ ! integral
left pointing angle
\langle 2329 〈 @<
bracket
\lbrace 007B { _< left curly bracket
\lbrack 005B [ .< left square bracket
\ldots 2026 … 444 ellipsis
\le 2264 ≤ _@< less than or equal to
\leftarrow 2190 ← \[ left arrow
\Leftarrow 21D0 ⇐ \7[ left double arrow
left harpoon with
\leftharpoondown 21BD ↽ \,r[
barb downwards
left harpoon with
\leftharpoonup 21BC ↼ \@r[
barb upwards
\leftrightarrow 2194 ↔ \wro left right arrow
left right double
\Leftrightarrow 21D4 ⇔ \w7ro
arrow
\leq 2264 ≤ _@< less than or equal
\ll 226A ≪ .@< much less than
\mapsto 21A6 ↦ \\ro right arrow from bar

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Math Print Braille
Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\matrix 25A0 ■ _$#d solid square
\minus 2212 − "- minus sign
\models 22A8 ⊨ ^_3 is valid
\mp 2213 ∓ _- minus or plus
\nabla 2207 ∇ ^d nabla
\ne 2260 ≠ "7@: not equal to
\nearrow 2197 ↗ \s northeast arrow
\neq 2260 ≠ "7@: not equal to
contains as an
\ni 220B ∋ @^e
element
\nwarrow 2196 ↖ \: northwest arrow
\oint 222E ∮ @! closed line integral
\ominus 2296 ⊖ $=["- minus sign in a circle
\oplus 2295 ⊕ $=["6 plus sign in a circle
\over 002F / _/ forward slash
\parallel 2225 ∥ #l is parallel to
\partial 2202 ∂ @d curly d
\pm 00B1 ± _6 plus or minus
\pprime 2033 ″ 77 double prime
\prime 2032 ′ 7 prime
product operator,
\prod 220F ∏ ,.p
capital Greek pi
\propto 221D ∝ _"7 proportional to
\rangle 232A 〉 @> right angle bracket
\ratio 2236 ∶ 3 ratio, colon
\rbrace 007D } _> right curly bracket
\rbrack 005D ] .> right square bracket
\rightarrow 2192 → \o right arrow

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Math Print Braille
Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\Rightarrow 21D2 ⇒ \7o right double arrow
right harpoon with
\rightharpoondown 21C1 ⇁ \,ro
barb downwards
right harpoon with
\rightharpoonup 21C0 ⇀ \@ro
barb upwards
\searrow 2198 ↘ \< southeast arrow
\sim 223C ∼ @9 tilde
approximately equal
\simeq 2243 ≃ _9
to
\sqrt 221A √ "% square root
\subset 2282 ⊂ ^< subset of
\subseteq 2286 ⊆ _^< subset of or equal to
summation sign,
\sum 2211 ∑ ,.s
capital Greek sigma
\superset 2283 ⊃ ^> superset of
superset of or equal
\superseteq 2287 ⊇ _^>
to
\swarrow 2199 ↙ \> southwest arrow
\times 00D7 × "8 multiplication sign
\therefore 2234 ∴ ;,* therefore
\updownarrow 2195 ↕ \wr+ up down arrow
up down double
\Updownarrow 21D5 ⇕ \w7r+
arrow
\vdash 22A2 ⊢ _3 assertion
\vee 2228 ∨ @6 logical or
\vert 007C | _\ vertical bar
\wedge 2227 ∧ @8 logical and

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Playing card symbols
The following playing card symbols are translated into words.

Math Print
Unicode Braille translation Description
AutoCorrect outcome
@$<black club
\clubsuit 2663 ♣ club suit sign
suit>
@$<white diamond suit
\diamondsuit 2662 ♢
diamond suit> sign
@$<white
\heartsuit 2661 ♡ heart suit sign
heart suit>
@$<black
\spadesuit 2660 ♠ spade suit sign
spade suit>

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Greek letters
Notes:
\epsilon (Unicode 03F5) gives the symbol ϵ which is a "lunate epsilon"
and this currently translates as @$u"6#c;f#e which is not correct.
\varsigma (Unicode 03C2) gives the symbol ς but this symbol is not
recognised in UEB and the current translation .@s is not correct UEB
code.

Math Print Braille

Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\alpha 03B1 α .a alpha
\Alpha 0391 Α ,.a capital alpha
\beta 03B2 β .b beta
\Beta 0392 Β ,.b capital beta
\gamma 03B3 γ .g gamma
\Gamma 0393 Γ ,.g capital gamma
\delta 03B4 δ .d delta
\Delta 0394 Δ ,.d capital delta
\varepsilon 03B5 ε .e epsilon
\Epsilon 0395 Ε ,.e capital epsilon
\zeta 03B6 ζ .z zeta
\Zeta 0396 Ζ ,.z capital zeta
\eta 03B7 η .: eta
\Eta 0397 Η ,.: capital eta
\theta 03B8 θ .? theta
\Theta 0398 Θ ,.? capital theta
\iota 03B9 ι .i Iota
\Iota 0399 Ι ,.i capital iota
\kappa 03BA κ .k kappa
\Kappa 039A Κ ,.k capital kappa
\lambda 03BB λ .l lambda

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Math Print Braille
Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\Lambda 039B Λ ,.l capital lambda
\mu 03BC μ .m mu
\Mu 039C Μ ,.m capital mu
\nu 03BD ν .n nu
\Nu 039D Ν ,.n capital nu
\xi 03BE ξ .x xi
\Xi 039E Ξ ,.x capital xi
\o 03BF ο .o omicron
\O 039F Ο ,.o capital omicron
\pi 03C0 π .p pi
\Pi 03A0 Π ,.p capital pi
\rho 03C1 ρ .r rho
\Rho 03A1 Ρ ,.r capital rho
\sigma 03C3 σ .s sigma
\Sigma 03A3 Σ ,.s capital sigma
\tau 03C4 τ .t tau
\Tau 03A4 Τ ,.t capital tau
\upsilon 03C5 υ .u upsilon
\Upsilon 03A5 Υ ,.u capital upsilon
\phi 03D5 ϕ .f open or loopy phi
\varphi 03C6 φ .f phi
\Phi 03A6 Φ ,.f capital phi
\chi 03C7 χ .& chi
\Chi 03A7 Χ ,.& capital chi
\psi 03C8 ψ .y psi
\Psi 03A8 Ψ ,.y capital psi
\omega 03C9 ω .w omega
\Omega 03A9 Ω ,.w capital omega

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Examples using Math AutoCorrect
Example 1
Type Print Braille translation
\sqrt 49 = 7 √49 = 7 "%#di "7 #g

Here, after typing \sqrt and pressing space, the backspace key was used
before the 4 so that the result was √49 and not √ 49.

Example 2
Type Print Braille translation
36\div 8 = 4.5 36÷8 = 4.5 #cf"/#h "7 #d4e

Here, after typing \div and pressing space, the backspace key was used
before the 8 so that the result was ÷8 and not ÷ 8.
The braille translation follows the spacing in the print so there is no
space around the ÷ sign but there is a space before and after the =
sign in the text in order to get the desired spacing in the braille.

Example 3
Type Print Braille translation
\alpha \mapsto \alpha+\beta α ↦ α+β .a ;\\ro .a"6.b

This example demonstrates the ease of this method for some material as
there was no need to insert extra spaces or delete any spaces.

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Adding more!
It is possible to add to the Math AutoCorrect options but these will not
necessarily translate correctly.

Example:
You may choose to set your copy of Word so that it changes 1/4 to ¼
automatically.
One way to do this is to go to Insert→Symbol→More Symbols and find
the symbol ¼. With this symbol highlighted go to the AutoCorrect button
and type 1/4 (you could choose \1/4 if you wished) in the Replace box.
The Duxbury Braille Translator translates ¼ correctly but if you try a
symbol such as the tick symbol  then, as there is currently no UEB
coding for this symbol, it is not surprising if this symbol is simply missed
out.

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Appendix A
Fonts
The material from the Microsoft web page mentioned "on the Home tab,
in the Font group, select Cambria Math". This seems to be unnecessary
for most symbols.
When using the Math AutoCorrect in any font the resulting print symbol
seems to be automatically changed into Cambria Math if the current font
does not have the print symbol in it.

So \subset written in most fonts results in ⊂ in Cambria Math.

In the same way using Unicode 2282 results in ⊂ in Cambria Math.

This may seem to be helpful but there is a potential drawback when

using Unicode. If the symbols are being entered as they occur in the text
the change of font can affect the font of the following text.

For example
The text below starts in Arial. In (1) the symbol was obtained using Math
AutoCorrect and in (2) Unicode was used.

1. Here is a subset ⊂, it is used to indicate

2. Here is a subset ⊂, it is used to indicate

The ⊂ symbol has automatically been written in Cambria Math.

Using Math AutoCorrect inserts a space after the symbol, this has been
deleted in the above text, but retains the Arial font for the subsequent
text.
Using Unicode there is no space after the symbol but the change in font
to Cambria Math is continued in the following text.

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The following shows an example which again uses the Arial font,
(1) used Math AutoCorrect and (2) used Unicode. It all stays in Arial as
the symbols are available in the Arial font. The font Cambria Math is not
present in any of the resulting text.

1. The summation sign ∑, is the same as a capital sigma Σ but it is

clearly larger in the print.
2. The summation sign ∑, is the same as a capital sigma Σ but it is
clearly larger in the print.

Whilst Arial, or some other font, may be fine for most symbols the table
below show some symbols where the Cambria Math font may be
preferred.

Math Cambria
Unicode Arial Description
AutoCorrect Math
\infty 221E ∞ ∞ infinity
\matrix 25A0 ■ ■ solid square
\sqrt 221A √ √ square root
\sum 2211 ∑ ∑ summation sign
\times 00D7 × × multiplication sign
\gamma 03B3 γ γ gamma
\Gamma 0393 Γ Γ capital gamma
\delta 03B4 δ δ delta
\kappa 03BA κ κ kappa
\lambda 03BB λ λ lambda
\Lambda 039B Λ Λ capital lambda
\nu 03BD ν ν nu
\pi 03C0 π π pi
\tau 03C4 τ τ tau
\upsilon 03C5 υ υ upsilon
\chi 03C7 χ χ chi

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When preparing documents changing between the Normal font and
Cambria Math can be a be a nuisance and it may well be helpful to set
up a "Style" in Word to help.
If you create a new style called "Maths" create it as a "Character style"
and make the font "Cambria Math". The size of the font may be left blank
so that the Maths style will pick up the size of the Normal font used in the
document. Setting up a shortcut key for the style at this stage will make it
easier to use.
Ctrl+spacebar is a shortcut for returning to the Normal style.
If the shortcut chosen for the "Maths" style is Ctrl+Alt+# then the
following key entry can be used.

To obtain:
The value of π is 3.142 to three decimal places.

Using Math AutoCorrect

Type: The value of [space]
Press: Ctrl+Alt+#
Type : \pi
Press: Ctrl+spacebar
Type: [space] is 3.142 to three decimal places.

Using Unicode
Type: The value of [space]
Press: Ctrl+Alt+#
Type : 03C0
Press: Alt+X
Press: Ctrl+spacebar
Type: [space] is 3.142 to three decimal places.

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Appendix B
Setting up Math AutoCorrect in WORD without using
a mouse
Math AutoCorrect only needs to be set up once.
The following provides the key strokes to use and describes the effect of
the key strokes.

Alt+F this opens the Microsoft Office Button

Alt+I this opens "Word Options"
Ctrl+Tab to find "Proofing"
Once "Proofing" has been found then tab, once, to the
"AutoCorrectOptions" and press Enter
At this point there are five tabs
AutoCorrect
Math AutoCorrect
AutoFormat As You Type
AutoFormat
Smart Tags
Ctrl+Tab until "Math AutoCorrect" is found.

In this dialog there are two check boxes to tick.

"Use Math AutoCorrect rules outside of math regions"
and
"Replace text as you type"

Tab to each check box and if needed press Space to check the box.

Finally, Tab to the OK button to close the changes. Then exit the main
Word Options dialog similarly.

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Appendix C
Symbols which must be in grade 1

All the symbols in the following table need to be in grade 1 as they have
an alternative grade 2 meaning. Grade 1 may be set up by a grade 1
symbol/word/passage indicator or by a numeric indicator.

Math Print Braille

Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\box 25A1 □ $#d hollow square
\downarrow 2193 ↓ \% down arrow
\Downarrow 21D3 ⇓ \7% down double arrow
\gets 2190 ← \[ left arrow
\hookleftarrow 21A9 ↩ \5533[ left arrow with hook
\hookrightarrow 21AA ↪ \9933o right arrow with hook
\int 222B ∫ ! integral
\leftarrow 2190 ← \[ left arrow
\Leftarrow 21D0 ⇐ \7[ left double arrow
left harpoon with
\leftharpoondown 21BD ↽ \,r[
barb downwards
left harpoon with
\leftharpoonup 21BC ↼ \@r[
barb upwards
\leftrightarrow 2194 ↔ \wro left right arrow
left right double
\Leftrightarrow 21D4 ⇔ \w7ro
arrow
\mapsto 21A6 ↦ \\ro right arrow from bar
\nearrow 2197 ↗ \s northeast arrow
\nwarrow 2196 ↖ \: northwest arrow
\ominus 2296 ⊖ $=["- minus sign in a circle
\oplus 2295 ⊕ $=["6 plus sign in a circle
\rightarrow 2192 → \o right arrow

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Math Print Braille
Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\Rightarrow 21D2 ⇒ \7o right double arrow
right harpoon with
\rightharpoondown 21C1 ⇁ \,ro
barb downwards
right harpoon with
\rightharpoonup 21C0 ⇀ \@ro
barb upwards
\searrow 2198 ↘ \< southeast arrow
\swarrow 2199 ↙ \> southwest arrow
\therefore 2234 ∴ ,* therefore
\updownarrow 2195 ↕ \wr+ up down arrow
up down double
\Updownarrow 21D5 ⇕ \w7r+
arrow

Note:
Math Print Braille
Unicode Description
AutoCorrect outcome translation
\pprime 2033 ″ 77 double prime
\prime 2032 ′ 7 prime

Prime and double prime are unusual symbols as they may or may not
need to be in grade 1.
If they are immediately preceded and followed by a letter then they need
to be in grade 1 as they would represent "gg". Otherwise their meaning
is not ambiguous and they do not need to be in grade 1. .

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Contact details
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Email: enquiries@ukaaf.org
Web: www.ukaaf.org

Further Information
President: Lord Low of Dalston CBE
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