PUNE METRO LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATION ANNEXURE-VI

LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATION IEC 62305

Sl.No. Description Parameters Table Referance With out protection with protection

1 Structure Width in Meters W NA 26 26

2 Structure Length in Meters L NA 189 189

3 Structure Height in Meters H NA 24 24

4 Value of Pie Π NA 3.14 3.14

5 Average annual thunderstorm days TD NA 22 22

6 The lightning ground flash density NG = 0.1 x TD NG NA 2.2 2.2

Structure surrounded by objects of the same height
7 location factor of the structure (see Table A.1). CD or smaller 0.5 0.5

collection area of the structure (m2) AD = LW + 2*(3*H)

8 AD NA 52151.76 52151.76
(L+W)+Π*(3*H)(3*H) for Rectangular structure

Number of dangerous for the structure ND = NG × AD ×

9 ND NA 0.057367 0.057366936
CD × 10–6 (A.4)

10 Width in Meters for adjacent structure WJ NA 0 0

11 Length in Meters for adjacent structure LJ NA 0 0

12 Height in Meters for adjacent structure HJ NA 0 0

Structure surrounded by objects of the same

13 location factor of the adjacent structure (see Table A.1). CDJ 0.5 0.5
height or smaller

14 Line type factor (see Table A.3). CT HV Power (with HV/LV Transformer) 0.2 0.2

collection area of the adjacent structure (m2)

15 ADJ = LJWJ + 6HJ (LJ+WJ)+Π9HJ2 for Rectangular ADJ NA 0 0
structure

Number of dangerous for the adjacent structure NDJ =

16 NDJ NA 0.000000 0
NG × ADJ × CDJ × CT x 10–6 (A.5)

17 The collection area AM =2 x 500 x (L+W) + Π x 500 2

AM NA 1000000 1000000
Number of dangerous events due to flashes near a
18 NM NA 2.20 2.2
structure NM = NG × AM × 10–6 (A.6)
19 Length of the line section in Meters LL NA 1000 1000

20 Line installation factor CI (see Table A.2) CI Buried 0.5 0.5

21 Environmental factor (see Table A.4); CE Urban with tall buildinga 0.01 0.01
collection area of flashes striking the line (m2)
22 AL NA 40000 40000
AL = 40 x LL for line
Number of dangerous events due to flashes to a line NL
23 NL NA 8.80E-05 0.000088
= NG × AL × CL × CE x CT x 10–6 (A.8)
24 Length of the line section in Meters Ll NA 1000 1000
collection area of flashes striking the line (m2)
25 Al NA 4000000 4000000
AL = 4000 x Ll for Rectangular structure
Number of dangerous events due to flashes near a line
26 Nl NA 0.0088000 0.0088
Nl = NG × Al × Cl × CE x CT x 10–6 (A.10)
Electrical insulation (e.g. at least 3 mm cross-
27 Protection measure(see Table B.1) PTA linked polyethylene) of exposed parts (e.g. down- 1 0.01
conductors)
28 Structure protection factor PB Structure protected by LPS-IV 1 0.2

Probability PA that a flash to a structure will cause

29 injury to living beings by electric shock PA NA 1 0.002
PA = PTA × PB (B.1)

30 PSPD (B.3) PSPD III-IV 1 0.05

31 shielding, grounding and isolation factor for the line CLD Aerial line unshielded-Undefined 1 1

32 shielding, grounding and isolation factor for the line Cli Aerial line unshielded-Undefined 1 1
Probability PC that a flash to a structure will cause
33 PC NA 1 0.05
failure of internal systems PC = PSPD × CLD (B.2)
34 PMS = (KS1 × KS2 × KS3 × KS4)2 (B.4) PMS NA 0.0000 0.4444

Probability PM that a flash near a structure will cause

35 PM NA 0.0000 0.022
failure of internal systems PM = PSPD × PMS (B.3)

36 Ks1=Ks2=1 maximum as per note:3 mentioned in IEC62305

37 Spacing between down conductor in meters Wm1 Wm1 NA 0.00 20.00

38 Spacing between down conductor in meters Wm2 Wm2 NA 0.00 20.00

Structural shielding efficiency factor

39 KS1 NA 0 1.00
KS1 = 0.12 × Wm1 (B.5)

Internal shielding efficiency factor

40 KS2 NA 0 1.00
KS2 = 0.12 × Wm2 (B.6)
Unshielded cable – no routing precaution in order
41 Internal wiring characteristic factor (see Table B.5) KS3 KS3 1 1.00
to avoid loops up to 50Sq.M

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PUNE METRO LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATION ANNEXURE-VI

Sl.No. Description Parameters Table Referance With out protection with protection

42 System voltage factor UW UW NA 1.5 1.50

43 System voltage factor KS4 = 1/ UW (B.7) KS4 NA 0.6667 0.6667

Values of probability PTU that a flash to an entering line will

44 cause shock to living beings due to dangerous touch PTU No protection measures 1 0
voltages (B.6)
Value of the probability PEB as a function of LPL for which
45 PEB III-IV 1 0.05
SPDs are designed (B.7)
Power lines or Telecom lines (Aerial or buried
line, unshielded or shielded whose shield is not
46 PLD (B.8) PLD bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment) 1 1.000

Probability PU that a flash to a line will cause injury to

47 living beings by electric shock PU = PTU × PEB x PLD × PU NA 1 0
CLD (B.8)

Probability PV that a flash to a line will cause physical

48 PV NA 1 0.05
damage PV = PEB x PLD × CLD (B.9)
Probability PW that a flash to a line will cause failure of
49 PW NA 1 0.05
internal systems PW = PSPD x PLD × CLD (B.10)
50 PLI for 1 kV (B.9) PLI Power lines 0.6 0.60
Probability PZ that a flash to a line will cause failure of
51 PZ NA 0.6 0.03
internal systems PZ = PSPD x PLI × CLI (B.10)

52 Mean value of loss of life (see Table C.2); LT1 D1 injuries 0.01 0.01

53 D2 Physical damage
Mean value of physical damage (see Table C.2) LF1
54 Public entertainment, church, museum 0.05 0.05

55 D3 Failure of internal system

Mean value of internal system (see Table C.2) LO1
56 Other parts of hospital 0.001 0.001

57 1.-10 KΩ
factor reducing the loss of human life (see Table C.3) rt Marble, ceramic
58 0.001 0.001
One of the following provisions: fixed
automatically operated extinguishing
installations; automatic alarm installations or Only
59 factor reducing the loss due to physical damage ( C.4) rp if protected against overvoltages and other 0.2 0.2
damages and if firemen can arrive in less than
10min.

60 factor reducing the loss due to physical damage( C.5) rf Ordinary (Fire) 0.01 0.01
Average level of panic (e.g. structures designed
61 factor increasing the loss due to physical damage hz for cultural or sport events with a number of 5 5
participants between 100 and 1 000 persons)
62 No of persons in the zone. nz NA 1500 1500

63 Total no of persons in the structure. nt NA 2500 2500

time in hours per year for which the persons are present in
64 tz NA 4380 4380
the zone.
65 LA = rt × LT × (nz / nt )× (tz / 8 760) LA = LU NA 0.000003 0.000003
66 LB = LV = rp × rf × hz ×LF × (nz / nt) × (tz / 8 760) LB = LV NA 1.50E-04 0.00015
67 LC = LM = LW = LZ = LO × (nz / nt ) × (tz / 8 760) LC = LM=LW = LZ NA 0.0003 0.0003
68

69 Parameters relevant to the assessment of risk components

70 Description Symbol Value Value

Average annual number of dangerous events due to

71
flashes

72 NG × AD × CD × 10–6 (A.4) ND 0.057367 0.057367

73 NG × AM × 10–6 (A.6) NM 2.200000 2.200000

74 NG × AL × CL × CE x CT x 10–6 (A.8) NL 0.000088 0.000088

75 NG × Al × Cl × CE x CT x 10–6 (A.10) NI 0.008800 0.008800

76 NG × ADJ × CDJ × CT x 10–6 (A.5) NDJ 0.000000 0.000000

77 Probability that a flash to the structure will cause

78 PA = PTA × PB PA 1 0.002

79 PB 1 0.2

80 PC = PSPD × CLD PC 1 0.05

81 Probability that a flash near the structure will cause

82 PM = PSPD × PMS PM 0.000 0.022

83 Probability that a flash to a line will cause

84 PU = PTU × PEB x PLD × CLD PU 1 0

85 PV = PEB x PLD × CLD PV 1 0.05

86 PW = PSPD x PLD × CLD PW 1 0.05

87 Probability that a flash near a line will cause

88 PZ = PSPD x PLI × CLI PZ 0.6 0.03

89 Loss factors

90 LA = rt × LT × (nz / nt )× (tz / 8 760) LA = LU 0.000003 0.000003

91 LB = LV = rp × rf × hz ×LF × (nz / nt) × (tz / 8 760) LB = LV 1.50E-04 0.00015

92 LC = LM = LW = LZ = LO × (nz / nt ) × (tz / 8 760) LC = LM=LW = LZ 0.0003 0.0003

Risk components for a structure due to flashes to the

93
structure

94 RA = ND × PA × LA RA 1.72101E-07 3.44202E-10

95 RB = ND × PB × LB RB 8.61E-06 0.00000172100808

96 RC = ND × PC × LC RC 0.0000172100808 0.00000086050404

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PUNE METRO LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATION ANNEXURE-VI

Sl.No. Description Parameters Table Referance With out protection with protection

Risk components for a structure due to flashes near

97
the structure

98 RM = NM × PM × LM RM 0 1.46666666666667E-05

Risk components for a structure due to flashes to a

99
line connected to the structure

100 RU = (NL + NDJ) × PU × LU RU 2.64E-10 0

101 RV = (NL + NDJ) × PV × LV RV 1.32E-08 6.6E-10

102 RW = (NL + NDJ) × PW × LW RW 0.0000000264 0.00000000132

Risk components for a structure due to flashes near a

103
line connected to the structure

104 RZ = NI × PZ × LZ RZ 1.58E-06 0.0000000792

105 Total risk R 0.00003 1.73297E-05

106 Tolerable risk for loss of human life RT1 0.000010 0.00001

107 Tolerable risk for loss of service RT2 0.001000 0.001

108 Tolerable risk for loss of cultural heritage RT3 0.000100 0.0001

109

110 Protection required or not Protection is required Protection is required

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PUNE METRO TABLE REFERANCES ANNEXURE-VI

TABLE REFERANCES
Table A.1 – Structure location factor CD

Relative location CD

Structure surrounded by higher objects 0.25

Structure surrounded by objects of the same height or
0.5
smaller
Isolated structure: no other objects in the vicinity 1

Isolated structure on a hilltop or a knoll 2

Table A.2 – Line installation factor CL

Relative location CL

Arial 1

Buried 0.5
Buried cables running entirely within a meshed earth
0.01
termination (5.2 of IEC 62305-4:2010).

Table A.3 – Line type factor CT

Relative location CT

LV Power, telecommunication and data lines 1

HV Power (with HV/LV Transformer) 0.2

Table A.4 – Line environmental factor CE

Relative location CE

Rural 1

Suburban 0.5

Urban 0.1

Urban with tall building a

0.01

a Buildings higher than 20M 2

Table B.1 – Values of probability PTA that a flash to a structure will cause
shock to living beings due to dangerous touch and step voltages

Additional protection measure PTA

No protection measures 1

Warning notices 0.1

Electrical insulation (e.g. at least 3 mm cross-linked
polyethylene) of exposed parts (e.g. down- 0.01
conductors)
Effective soil equipotentialization 0.01
Physical restrictions or building framework used as a
0.000001
downconductor system

Table B.2 – Values of probability PB depending on the protection measures

to reduce physical damage
Characteristics of structure Class of LPS PB
Structure not protected by LPS .---- 1
Structure protected by LPS-IV IV 0.2
Structure protected by LPS-III III 0.1
Structure protected by LPS-II III 0.05
Structure protected by LPS-I I 0.02
Structure with an air-termination system conforming to
LPS I and a continuous metal or reinforced concrete
framework acting as a natural down-conductor system 0.01

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PUNE METRO TABLE REFERANCES ANNEXURE-VI

Structure with a metal roof & air-termination, possibly

including natural components, with complete
protection of any roof installations against direct
lightning strikes and a continuous metal or RCC 0.001
framework acting as a natural downconductor system

Table B.3 – Value of the probability PSPD as a function of LPL

for which SPDs are designed

LPL PSPD

No coordinated SPD system 1

III-IV 0.05

II 0.02

I 0.01

NOTE-2 0.005-0.001

NOTE 1 A coordinated SPD system is effective in reducing PC only in structures protected by an LPS or structures with continuous metal
or reinforced concrete framework acting as a natural LPS, where bonding and earthing requirements of IEC 62305-3 are satisfied.

NOTE 2 The values of PSPD may be reduced for SPDs having better protection characteristics (higher nominal current IN, lower protective
level UP, etc.) compared with the requirements defined for LPL I at the relevant installation locations (see Table A.3 of IEC 62305-1:2010
for information on lightning current probabilities, and Annex E of IEC 62305-1:2010 and Annex D of IEC 62305-4:2010 for lightning current
sharing). The same annexes may be used for SPDs having higher probabilities P SPD.

Table B.4 – Values of factors CLD and CLI depending on shielding, grounding
and isolation conditions

Connection at
External line type CLD CLI
entrance
Aerial line unshielded-Undefined Undefined 1 1

Buried line unshielded-Undefined Undefined 1 1

Multi grounded neutral power line-None None 1 0.2
Shielded buried line (power or TLC), Shield not Shield not bonded to
bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment-Shield the same bonding bar
not bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment as 1 0.3
equipment

Shielded aerial line (power or TLC) Shield not bonded Shield not bonded to
to the same bonding bar as equipment-Shield not the same bonding bar
bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment as 1 0.1
equipment

Shielded buried line (power or TLC), Shield bonded to Shield bonded to the
the same bonding bar as equipment-Shield bonded same bonding bar as
to the same bonding bar as equipment equipment 1 0

Shielded aerial line (power or TLC)-Shield bonded to Shield bonded to the

the same bonding bar as equipment same bonding bar as
equipment 1 0

Lightning protective cable or wiring in lightning Shield bonded to the

protective cable ducts,metallic conduit, or metallic same bonding bar as
tubes-Shield bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment 0 0
equipment

(No external line)-No connection to external lines No connection to

(stand-alone systems) external lines (stand-
alone systems) 0 0

Any type-Isolating interface according to IEC Isolating interface

62305-4 according to IEC
62305-4 0 0

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Table B.5 – Value of factor KS3 depending on internal wiring

Type of internal wiring KS3
Unshielded cable – no routing precaution in order to
avoid loops up to 50Sq.M 1

Unshielded cable – no routing precaution in order to

avoid loops up to 10Sq.M 0.2

Unshielded cable – no routing precaution in order to

avoid loops up to 0.5Sq.M 0.01

Shielded cables and cables running in metal conduits

(Shields and the metal conduits bonded to an
quipotential bonding bar at both ends and equipment 0.0001
is connected to the same bonding bar)

Table B.6 – Values of probability PTU that a flash to an entering line will cause
shock to living beings due to dangerous touch voltages
Protection measure PTU

No protection measures 1

Warning notices 0.1

Electrical insulation 0.01

Physical restrictions 0

Table B.7 – Value of the probability PEB as a function of LPL for which SPDs are designed

LPL PEB

No coordinated SPD system 1

III-IV 0.05

II 0.02

I 0.01

NOTE-2 0.005-0.001

Table B.8 – Values of the probability PLD depending on the resistance RS of the cable screen and the impulse withstand voltage UW
of the equipment
Withstand voltage UW in kV
Line type
1 1.5 2.5 4 6
Power lines or Telecom lines (Aerial or buried line,
unshielded or shielded whose shield is not bonded to 1 1 1 1 1
the same bonding bar as equipment)

5Ω/km < RS ≤ 20 Ω/km (Shielded aerial or buried

whose shield bonded to the 1 1 0.95 0.9 0.8
same bonding bar as equipment)

1Ω/km < RS ≤ 5 Ω/km (Shielded aerial or buried whose

shield bonded to the 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.1
same bonding bar as equipment)

RS ≤ 1 Ω/km (Shielded aerial or buried whose shield

bonded to the 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.04 0.02
same bonding bar as equipment)

Table B.9 – Values of the probability PLI depending on the line type and the impulse withstand voltage U W of the equipment

Withstand voltage UW in kV
Line type
1 1.5 2.5 4 6

Power lines 1 0.6 0.3 0.16 0.1

TLC lines 1 0.5 0.2 0.08 0.04

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Table C.2 – Type of loss L1: Typical mean values of LT, LF and LO

Type of damage Typical loss value Type of structure

D1 injuries LT 0.01 All types

D2 Physical damage Risk of explosion 0.1
Hospital, hotel, school,
0.1
civic building
Public entertainment, LF
0.05
church, museum
Industrial, commercial 0.02

others 0.01

D3 Failure of internal system Risk of explosion 0.1

Intensive care unit and
operation block of 0.01 LO
hospital
Other parts of hospital 0.001

Table C.3 – Reduction factor rt as a function of the type of surface of soil or floor
Contact resistance
Type of surface rt
KΩ
Agricultural, concrete ≤ 1 KΩ 0.01
Marble, ceramic 1.-10 KΩ 0.001
Gravel, moquette, carpets 10.-100 KΩ 0.0001
Asphalt, linoleum, wood ≥ 100 KΩ 0.00001

Table C.4 – Reduction factor rp as a function of provisions taken to reduce the consequences of fire

Provisions rp
No provisions 1
One of the following provisions: extinguishers; fixed
manually operated extinguishing installations; manual
alarm installations; hydrants; fire compartments; 0.5
escape routes

One of the following provisions: fixed automatically

operated extinguishing installations; automatic alarm
installations or Only if protected against overvoltages 0.2
and other damages and if firemen can arrive in less
than 10min.

Table C.5 – Reduction factor rf as a function of risk of fire or explosion of structure

Risk Amount of risk rf

Zone 0, 20 and solid
explosive (Explosion) 1
Zone 1, 21 (Explosion) 0.1
Zone 2, 2 (Explosion) 0.001
Fire High (Fire) 0.1
Ordinary (Fire) 0.01
Low (Fire) 0.001
None (Explosion or
Explosion or fire
fire) 0

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Table C.6 – Factor hz increasing the relative amount of loss in presence of a special hazard

Kind of special hazard hz

No special hazard 1
Low level of panic (e.g. a structure limited to two floors
and the number of persons not greater than 100) 2

Average level of panic (e.g. structures designed for

cultural or sport events with a number of participants 5
between 100 and 1 000 persons)
Difficulty of evacuation (e.g. structures with immobile
5
persons, hospitals)
High level of panic (e.g. structures designed for
cultural or sport events with a number of participants – 10
greater than 1 000 persons)

Table 4 Minimum values of lightning parameters and related rolling

sphare radius corresponding to LPL Probability

Smaller than Greater than Minimum

Rolling Sphare
LPL-CLASS-Minimum Peak Current Max. Value (T- Min. Value (T- Peak Current
Radius
3) 4) in kA
LPS-I-3kA 20 0.99 0.99 3

LPS-II-5kA 30 0.98 0.97 5

LPS-III-10kA 45 0.95 0.91 10

LPS-IV-16kA 60 0.95 0.84 16

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