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Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Concrete Technology, Steel
Structures, Strength of Materials, Steel Structures, Pre stressed Concrete,
Prefabrication
SLOPE AND DEFLECTION FOR A CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO
EXTERNAL MOMENT

Thursday, November 17, 2016

Questions and Numerical problems on Bending Stress

Bending Stress

1. Define pure bending along with neat sketch

2. State the assumptions of simple bending
3. Define section modulus and also derive the equation for the same for rectangular, circular,
triangular, hollow rectangular and hallow circular sections.
4. Derive the expression M/I=f/y=E/R
5. Define moment of resistance and neutral axis.

Problems on bending stress

1. A cantilever beam of length 2m fails when a load of 2KN is applied at the free end. If the
section is 40mmx60mm, find the stress at the failure.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 2m or 2000mm
load at failure = 2KN
Section dimensions = 40mm X 60mm

Step 2: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = bd3/12
= (40) (603)/12
= 7.2X105 mm4

Step 3: Calculation of bending moment about fixed end

M = WL
= (2)(2)
= 4KN-m

Step 4:
Calculation of bending stress
M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 60/2 = 30mm)
There fore
σ = 166.67N/mm2

2.A rectangular beam 200mm deep and 300mm wide is simply supported over the span of 8m.
What uniformly distributed load per metre the beam may carry, if the bending stress is not
exceed 120N/mm2.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 8m or 8000mm
Section dimensions = 300mm X 200mm
maximum bending stress = σ = 120N/mm2.
condition: uniformly distributed load for simply supported beam

Step 2: Calculation of bending moment for the above condition

M = wL2/8
= w (8)2/8
= 8wX106

step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = bd3/12
= (300) (2003) /12
= 2X108 mm4

Step 4:
Calculation of Udl
M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 200/2 =100mm)
8wX106 /2X108= 120 / 100
w =3X104 N/m or 30 N/mm

3.A beam is simply supported and carries a uniformly distributed load of 40KN/m run over the
whole span. The section of the beam is rectangular having depth as 500mm.If the maximum
stress in the material of the beam is 120N/mm2and moment of inertia of the section
is 7x108mm4, find the span of the beam.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Depth of beam = 500mm
maximum bending stress = σ = 120N/mm2.
moment of inertia =7x108mm4

Step 2: Calculation of bending moment for the above condition

M = wL2/8
= 40(L)2/8
= 5L2

Step 3: Calculation of length of beam

M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 500/2 =250mm)
5L2 /7x108= 120 / 250
L=8197.56 mm

4. Calculate the maximum stress induced in a cast iron pipe of external diameter 40mm, of internal
diameter 20mm and length 4m when the pipe is supported at its ends and carries a point load of
80N at its centre.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 4m or 4000mm
Internal diameter = 20mm
External diameter = 40mm
condition: point load for simply supported beam

Step 2:
Calculation of maximum bending moment
M= W L /4
M = 80 X 4000 /4
M = 80 KN-m

Step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = π (D 4 –d 4)/64
I = π (40 4 –20 4)/64
I = 117809.7mm4

Step 4: Calculation of bending stress

M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 40/2 =20mm)
80X1000/117809.7 = σ / 20
σ = 13.58 N/mm2

5. A rectangular beam 300mm deep is simply supported over a span of 4m. Determine the
uniformly distributed load per meter which the beam may carry, if the bending stress should
not exceed 120N/mm2.Take I=8x106mm4.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 4m or 4000mm
Depth of the beam = 300mm
maximum bending stress = σ =120N/mm2
condition: udl for simply supported beam
I=8x106mm4

Step 2: Calculation of maximum bending moment

M= W L2 /8

M= W (4000)2 /8
M= 2 X106 W

Step 3: Calculation of udl

M /I= σ / y
2 X106 W /8x106= 120 / 150

W = 3.2N/mm2

6. A square beam 20mmx20mm in section and 2m long is supported at the ends. The beam fails
when a point load of 400N is applied at the centre of the beam. What uniformly distributed
load per meter length will break a cantilever of the same material 40mm wide,60mm deep and
3m long?

Solution:
Step 1: Data: case 1: point load application at centre of the beam
Length of beam = 2m or 2000mm
Cross section of the beam = 20mmx20mm
condition: simply supported beam

Step 2: Calculation of maximum bending moment

M= W L /4
M= (400) (2000) /4
M= 200x103

Step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = bd3/12
= (20) (203)/12
= 13333.33mm4

Step 4: Calculation of bending stress

M /I= σ / y
2 X105 /13333.33= σ / 10
σ = 150N/mm2

Step 5: Case 2: calculation of magnitude of udl when dimensions of the beam is changed
Length of beam =3m or 3000mm
width of beam = 40mm
depth of beam = 60mm
condition: cantilever beam

Step 6: Calculation of maximum bending moment

M= W L2 /2
M= W (3000)2 /2

Step 7: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = bd3/12
= (40) (603 ) /12
= 72x104mm4

Step 8: Calculation of load

M /I= σ / y
W (3000)2 /2 /72x104= 150 / 30

W = 800N/m

7. A timber beam of rectangular section is to support a load of 20KN uniformly distributed over
a span of 3.6m when beam is simply supported. If the depth is to be twice the breadth, and the
stress in timber is not exceed 7N/mm 2, find the dimensions of the cross section. How could you
modify the dimensions with 20KN of concentrated load is present at centre with same breadth
and depth ratio.

Step 1: case 1: when simply supported beam of length 3.6m carries udl of 20KN and depth is twice
the width
We know that W = w L
= 20 X 1000X3.6
= 5.56N

Moment = WL/8
M = 5.56 X 1000X 3.6 /8
M = 2499.75 N-mm

Step 2: Calculation of cross sectional dimensions of the beam

σ = 7N/mm2
M /I= σ / y
2499.75/(bd3/12) = 7/(d/2)
b = 8.12mm
d = 2b = 16.24mm
Step 3 :Case 2: when simply supported beam of length 3.6m carries point load of 20KN and depth is
twice the width
Moment = WL/4
M = 20 X 106X 3.6 /4
M = 18X 106 N-mm

Step 4: Calculation of cross sectional dimensions of the beam

σ = 7N/mm2
M /I= σ / y
18X 106 /(bd3/12) = 7/(d/2)
b = 156.82mm
d = 2b = 313.65mm

8. A steel plate of width 120mm and thickness 20mm is bent into a circular arc of radius
10m.Determine the maximum stress induced and bending moment which will produce the
maximum stress. Take E=2x105N/mm2.

9. A timber beam of rectangular section 8m is simply supported. The beam carries a UDL of
12KN/m run over entire length and point load of 10KN at 3m from the left support. If the depth
is two times the width and the stress in the timber is not to exceed 8N/mm 2.Find the suitable
dimensions of the section.

10. A water main of 500mm internal diameter and 20mm thick is running full. The water main
is of cast iron and is supported at two points 10m apart. Find the maximum stress in the metal.
The cast iron and water weight 72000N/m3 and 10000N/m3 respectively.

11. Prove that the ratio of depth to width of the strongest beam that can be cut from a circular
log of diameter d is 1. 414.Hence calculate the depth and width of the strongest beam that can
cut of a cylindrical log of wood whose diameter is 300mm.

12. A cast iron test beam 25mmx25mm cross section and 1m long, supported at its ends fail
when a central load of 800N is applied on it. What UDL will break a cantilever of same material
50mm wide, 100mm deep and 2m long?

13. A cast iron pipe has 300mm bore and 10mm metal thickness and is supported at its ends
10m apart. If the weight of cast iron is 70N/mm3and that of water is 9.81 KN/m 3, determine the
maximum stress in the metal.

14. Three beams have same length; same allowable stress and same bending moment. The
cross section of the beams are square, rectangle with depth twice the width and circle. Find
the ratios of the weights of circular and rectangular beams with respect to the square beams.

15. A beam of rectangular cross section is to support a load of 20KN over the span of 4m. If the
depth of the section is to be twice the width and the stress in the beam is not to exceed
69.4N/mm2, find the dimensions of the cross section. What change in the cross section is
required, if the given load is a concentrated load placed at the centre with same width to
depth ratio.

16. A beam of symmetrical section and 200mm deep is simply supported over span of 4m. Find
i) UDL it may carry if the bending stress is not to exceed 100N/mm 2.ii) Maximum bending stress
if the beam carries a central load of 40KN.Take I=10x10 6mm4.

17. A wooden beam 200mm x200mm is simply supported on a span of 6m. when the beam is
loaded with a 14KNload at each one third span point, it failed. Find the modulus of rupture.
18. A simply supported beam of span 10m is 350mm deep. The section of the beam is
symmetrical. The moment of inertia of the section is 9. 5x10 7mm4.If the permissible bending
stress is 120N/mm2, find
a) The safe point load that can be applied at the centre of the span.
b) The safe UDL that can be applied on the span.

19. A 3m high pole stands as a vertical cantilever fixed at its base. It has to support a horizontal
load of 10KN at its top.

a) Find the minimum diameter required if the post is of wood, if the permissible bending stress
is 15N/mm2.

b) Alternatively, if a hallow aluminium tube whose thickness is one eighth of the external
diameter is provided, what should be the external and internal diameters of the tube?
Permissible bending stress for aluminium is 50 N/mm 2.

20. The moment of inertia of the beam section 500mm deep is 69. 49x10 7mm4.Find the longest
span over which a beam of this section, when simply supported, could carry a uniformly
distributed load of 50KN per meter run. The flange stress is not to exceed 110 N/mm 2.

21. Find the maximum stress produced in a round steel bar 50mm in diameter and 9m long due
to its own weight when it is simply supported at its ends. Steel weighs at 77000N/cum.

22. A cast iron of internal diameter 450mm is 15mm thick and is supported on a span of 8m.
Find the maximum stress in the pipe when it is full of water. Take specific weight of cast iron
=71600N/m3.and that of water =9810N/m3.

23. A timber beam is freely supported on the supports 6m apart. It carries a uniformly
distributed load of 12KN.per meter run and concentrated load of 9KN at 2.5 m from the left
support. If the stress in the timber is not to exceed 8 N/mm 2 design the suitable section making
the depth twice the width.

24. A timber beam is 160mm wide and 300mm deep and is simply supported on a span of 5m. It
carries a uniformly distributed load of 3000Nper meter run over the whole span and three
equal concentrated loads of W N each placed at midspan and quarter span points. If the stress
in the timber is not to exceed 8 N/mm2 find the maximum value of W.

25. Compare the section modulus of two beams of same weight and length if the first beam is
solid circular beam of diameter d and second is the circular tube of outer diameter D1 and
inner diameter D2.

on November 17, 2016

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Labels: bending stress

Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Concrete Technology, Steel
Structures, Strength of Materials, Steel Structures, Pre stressed Concrete,
Prefabrication
SLOPE AND DEFLECTION FOR A CANTILEVER BEAM SUBJECTED TO
EXTERNAL MOMENT
Thursday, November 17, 2016

Questions and Numerical problems on Bending Stress

Bending Stress

1. Define pure bending along with neat sketch

2. State the assumptions of simple bending
3. Define section modulus and also derive the equation for the same for rectangular, circular,
triangular, hollow rectangular and hallow circular sections.
4. Derive the expression M/I=f/y=E/R
5. Define moment of resistance and neutral axis.

Problems on bending stress

1. A cantilever beam of length 2m fails when a load of 2KN is applied at the free end. If the
section is 40mmx60mm, find the stress at the failure.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 2m or 2000mm
load at failure = 2KN
Section dimensions = 40mm X 60mm

Step 2: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = bd3/12
= (40) (603)/12
= 7.2X105 mm4

Step 3: Calculation of bending moment about fixed end

M = WL
= (2)(2)
= 4KN-m

Step 4:
Calculation of bending stress
M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 60/2 = 30mm)
There fore
σ = 166.67N/mm2

2.A rectangular beam 200mm deep and 300mm wide is simply supported over the span of 8m.
What uniformly distributed load per metre the beam may carry, if the bending stress is not
exceed 120N/mm2.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 8m or 8000mm
Section dimensions = 300mm X 200mm
maximum bending stress = σ = 120N/mm2.
condition: uniformly distributed load for simply supported beam

Step 2: Calculation of bending moment for the above condition

M = wL2/8
= w (8)2/8
= 8wX106

step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = bd3/12
= (300) (2003) /12
= 2X108 mm4

Step 4:
Calculation of Udl
M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 200/2 =100mm)
8wX106 /2X108= 120 / 100
w =3X104 N/m or 30 N/mm

3.A beam is simply supported and carries a uniformly distributed load of 40KN/m run over the
whole span. The section of the beam is rectangular having depth as 500mm.If the maximum
stress in the material of the beam is 120N/mm2and moment of inertia of the section
is 7x108mm4, find the span of the beam.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Depth of beam = 500mm
maximum bending stress = σ = 120N/mm2.
moment of inertia =7x108mm4

Step 2: Calculation of bending moment for the above condition

M = wL2/8
= 40(L)2/8
= 5L2

Step 3: Calculation of length of beam

M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 500/2 =250mm)
5L2 /7x108= 120 / 250
L=8197.56 mm

4. Calculate the maximum stress induced in a cast iron pipe of external diameter 40mm,of internal
diameter 20mm and length 4m when the pipe is supported at its ends and carries a point load of
80N at its centre.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 4m or 4000mm
Internal diameter = 20mm
External diameter = 40mm
condition: point load for simply supported beam

Step 2:
Calculation of maximum bending moment
M= W L /4
M = 80 X 4000 /4
M = 80 KN-m

Step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = π (D 4 –d 4)/64
I = π (40 4 –20 4)/64
I = 117809.7mm4

Step 4: Calculation of bending stress

M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 40/2 =20mm)
80X1000/117809.7 = σ / 20
σ = 13.58 N/mm2

5. A rectangular beam 300mm deep is simply supported over a span of 4m. Determine the
uniformly distributed load per meter which the beam may carry, if the bending stress should
not exceed 120N/mm2.Take I=8x106mm4.

Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 4m or 4000mm
Depth of the beam = 300mm
maximum bending stress = σ =120N/mm2
condition: udl for simply supported beam
I=8x106mm4

Step 2: Calculation of maximum bending moment

M= W L2 /8

M= W (4000)2 /8
M= 2 X106 W

Step 3: Calculation of udl

M /I= σ / y
2 X106 W /8x106= 120 / 150

W = 3.2N/mm2

6. A square beam 20mmx20mm in section and 2m long is supported at the ends. The beam fails
when a point load of 400N is applied at the centre of the beam. What uniformly distributed
load per meter length will break a cantilever of the same material 40mm wide,60mm deep and
3m long?

Solution:
Step 1: Data: case 1: point load application at centre of the beam
Length of beam = 2m or 2000mm
Cross section of the beam = 20mmx20mm
condition: simply supported beam

Step 2: Calculation of maximum bending moment

M= W L /4
M= (400) (2000) /4
M= 200x103

Step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = bd3/12
= (20) (203)/12
= 13333.33mm4

Step 4: Calculation of bending stress

M /I= σ / y
2 X105 /13333.33= σ / 10
σ = 150N/mm2

Step 5: Case 2: calculation of magnitude of udl when dimensions of the beam is changed
Length of beam =3m or 3000mm
width of beam = 40mm
depth of beam = 60mm
condition: cantilever beam

Step 6: Calculation of maximum bending moment

M= W L2 /2
M= W (3000)2 /2

Step 7: Calculation of moment of inertia

I = bd3/12
= (40) (603 ) /12
= 72x104mm4

Step 8: Calculation of load

M /I= σ / y
W (3000)2 /2 /72x104= 150 / 30

W = 800N/m

7. A timber beam of rectangular section is to support a load of 20KN uniformly distributed over
a span of 3.6m when beam is simply supported. If the depth is to be twice the breadth, and the
stress in timber is not exceed 7N/mm 2, find the dimensions of the cross section. How could you
modify the dimensions with 20KN of concentrated load is present at centre with same breadth
and depth ratio.

Step 1: case 1: when simply supported beam of length 3.6m carries udl of 20KN and depth is twice
the width
We know that W = w L
= 20 X 1000X3.6
= 5.56N

Moment = WL/8
M = 5.56 X 1000X 3.6 /8
M = 2499.75 N-mm

Step 2: Calculation of cross sectional dimensions of the beam

σ = 7N/mm2
M /I= σ / y
2499.75/(bd3/12) = 7/(d/2)
b = 8.12mm
d = 2b = 16.24mm

Step 3 :Case 2: when simply supported beam of length 3.6m carries point load of 20KN and depth is
twice the width
Moment = WL/4
M = 20 X 106X 3.6 /4
M = 18X 106 N-mm

Step 4: Calculation of cross sectional dimensions of the beam

σ = 7N/mm2
M /I= σ / y
18X 106 /(bd3/12) = 7/(d/2)
b = 156.82mm
d = 2b = 313.65mm
8. A steel plate of width 120mm and thickness 20mm is bent into a circular arc of radius
10m.Determine the maximum stress induced and bending moment which will produce the
maximum stress. Take E=2x105N/mm2.

9. A timber beam of rectangular section 8m is simply supported. The beam carries a UDL of
12KN/m run over entire length and point load of 10KN at 3m from the left support. If the depth
is two times the width and the stress in the timber is not to exceed 8N/mm 2.Find the suitable
dimensions of the section.

10. A water main of 500mm internal diameter and 20mm thick is running full. The water main
is of cast iron and is supported at two points 10m apart. Find the maximum stress in the metal.
The cast iron and water weight 72000N/m3 and 10000N/m3 respectively.

11. Prove that the ratio of depth to width of the strongest beam that can be cut from a circular
log of diameter d is 1. 414.Hence calculate the depth and width of the strongest beam that can
cut of a cylindrical log of wood whose diameter is 300mm.

12. A cast iron test beam 25mmx25mm cross section and 1m long, supported at its ends fail
when a central load of 800N is applied on it. What UDL will break a cantilever of same material
50mm wide, 100mm deep and 2m long?

13. A cast iron pipe has 300mm bore and 10mm metal thickness and is supported at its ends
10m apart. If the weight of cast iron is 70N/mm3and that of water is 9.81 KN/m 3, determine the
maximum stress in the metal.

14. Three beams have same length; same allowable stress and same bending moment. The
cross section of the beams are square, rectangle with depth twice the width and circle. Find
the ratios of the weights of circular and rectangular beams with respect to the square beams.

15. A beam of rectangular cross section is to support a load of 20KN over the span of 4m. If the
depth of the section is to be twice the width and the stress in the beam is not to exceed
69.4N/mm2, find the dimensions of the cross section. What change in the cross section is
required, if the given load is a concentrated load placed at the centre with same width to
depth ratio.

16. A beam of symmetrical section and 200mm deep is simply supported over span of 4m. Find
i) UDL it may carry if the bending stress is not to exceed 100N/mm 2.ii) Maximum bending stress
if the beam carries a central load of 40KN.Take I=10x10 6mm4.

17. A wooden beam 200mm x200mm is simply supported on a span of 6m. when the beam is
loaded with a 14KNload at each one third span point, it failed. Find the modulus of rupture.

18. A simply supported beam of span 10m is 350mm deep. The section of the beam is
symmetrical. The moment of inertia of the section is 9. 5x10 7mm4.If the permissible bending
stress is 120N/mm2, find
a) The safe point load that can be applied at the centre of the span.
b) The safe UDL that can be applied on the span.

19. A 3m high pole stands as a vertical cantilever fixed at its base. It has to support a horizontal
load of 10KN at its top.

a) Find the minimum diameter required if the post is of wood, if the permissible bending stress
is 15N/mm2.

b) Alternatively, if a hallow aluminium tube whose thickness is one eighth of the external
diameter is provided, what should be the external and internal diameters of the tube?
Permissible bending stress for aluminium is 50 N/mm 2.
20. The moment of inertia of the beam section 500mm deep is 69. 49x10 7mm4.Find the longest
span over which a beam of this section, when simply supported, could carry a uniformly
distributed load of 50KN per meter run. The flange stress is not to exceed 110 N/mm 2.

21. Find the maximum stress produced in a round steel bar 50mm in diameter and 9m long due
to its own weight when it is simply supported at its ends. Steel weighs at 77000N/cum.

22. A cast iron of internal diameter 450mm is 15mm thick and is supported on a span of 8m.
Find the maximum stress in the pipe when it is full of water. Take specific weight of cast iron
=71600N/m3.and that of water =9810N/m3.

23. A timber beam is freely supported on the supports 6m apart. It carries a uniformly
distributed load of 12KN.per meter run and concentrated load of 9KN at 2.5 m from the left
support. If the stress in the timber is not to exceed 8 N/mm 2 design the suitable section making
the depth twice the width.

24. A timber beam is 160mm wide and 300mm deep and is simply supported on a span of 5m. It
carries a uniformly distributed load of 3000Nper meter run over the whole span and three
equal concentrated loads of W N each placed at midspan and quarter span points. If the stress
in the timber is not to exceed 8 N/mm2 find the maximum value of W.

25. Compare the section modulus of two beams of same weight and length if the first beam is
solid circular beam of diameter d and second is the circular tube of outer diameter D1 and
inner diameter D2.

on November 17, 2016

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