WORKSHEET-21

PHYSICS Chapter # 10

Worksheet-21
Topics:- Thermodynamics (Complete)
1. Evidence in favour of kinetic theory of gases is exhibited in: USE THIS SPACE FOR SCRATCH
WORK
A. Diffusion of gases
B. Brownian motion of smoke particles
C. Both A & B
D. None of these
2. Kinetic theory of gases is based on:
A. Microscopic approach B. Macroscopic approach
C. Molecular approach D. Both A and C
3. “Molecules do not exert force on each other” this postulate
implies:
A. Gas molecules do not have K.E
B. Gas molecules have P.E
C. Gas molecules have very small mass
D. Gas molecules do not have P.E
4. The momentum transferred to the walls of the container
per second per unit area due to continuous collisions of
molecules of the gas gives:
A. Force per unit area B. K.E of gas
C. Pressure of gas D. Both A and C
5. The time period of collision of gas molecules in a cubical
container is:
v 2
A. B.
2 3v
3v 2
C. D.
2 v
6. If there are “N” number of molecules each of mass “m” in
a cubical container of volume “ 3 ”, then density of gas is
given by:
m M
A. 3 B. 3

m mN
C. 3
D. 3
N
7. Referring to question 6, the number of particles colliding
with any face of cube are:
N N
A. B.
3 2
N N
C. D.
6 4

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8. A gas in a cubical container contains three molecules each USE THIS SPACE FOR SCRATCH
WORK
having speed of 2 ms-1, 3 ms-1 and 4 ms-1. What is the root
mean square speed?
36
A. m s 1 B. 12 m s 1
3
29
C. 6 m s 1 D. ms 1
2
9. Two gases A and B having the same temperature T, same
pressure P, and same volume V are mixed, If the mixture
is at the same temperature and occupies a volume V, the
pressure of the mixture is:
A. P B. 4P
C. 2P D. 6P
10. If P is the pressure of the gas, then the kinetic energy per
unit volume of the gas is:
A. P/2 B. (3/2)P
C. P D. 2P
11. H2 and O2 both are at thermal equilibrium at 600 K.
Oxygen is 16 times heavier than H2. Root mean square
speed of Hydrogen is:
A. 4 times the root mean square speed of O2.
B. 1/16 times the root mean square speed of O2.
C. 1/4 times the root mean square speed of O2.
D. 16 times the root mean square speed of O2.
12. The r.m.s speed of gas molecules having molar mass ‘M’
at a temperature ‘T’ is proportional to:
1
A. M B.
M
1
C. D. None of these
M
13. The pressure of gas is directly proportional to
A. Mean velocity of the molecules
B. Root mean square velocity of the molecules
C. Velocities of individual molecule
D. Mean square velocity of the molecules
14. The temperature of a gas is 0C. Its root mean square
velocity will be doubled at:
A. 273C B. 819C
C. 1092C D. 103C

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15. The r.m.s velocity of the molecules of an ideal gas at S.T.P USE THIS SPACE FOR SCRATCH
is ‘v’. The gas is heated at constant volume till the WORK
pressure becomes double. The final r.m.s velocity is
A. v B.2v
v
C. 2v D.
2
16. The mean square velocity of the molecules of an ideal gas
at S.T.P is ‘v’. The gas is heated at constant volume till the
pressure becomes double. The final mean square velocity
is:
A. v B.2v
v
C. 2v D.
2
17. The temperature of a gas is increased from 27 o C to 127o
C. The ratio of mean K.E at initial to final temperature is:
10 3
A. B.
9 4
4 9
C. D.
3 16
18. The mean kinetic energy of gas molecules at to C is
directly proportional to:
A. t B.  t  273
C. t  273 D. t.
19. The density of gas A is four times that of gas B. If the
molar mass of gas A is M, then molar mass of gas B is:
M
A. 2M B.
4
M
C. 4M D.
2
20. Which one of the following represents correctly the
variation of the volume (V) of an ideal gas with
temperature (T) under constant pressure conditions?

A. B.

C. D.

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21. Which one is correct relation between “F” and “C”? USE THIS SPACE FOR SCRATCH
WORK
B.  C    F  32 
9 5
A.  F   C  32
5 9
C.  F    C  32 
9
D. Both A and B
5
22. The temperature at which “ C” and “ F” have same
values:
A. +40 B. 160
C. -40 D. -160
23. The temperature at which “ F” and “kelvin” have same
values:
A. 460 B. 574
C. 340 D. 525
24. At constant temperature if the pressure of gas is doubled
then its volume becomes:
A. Half B. Double
C. Remains same D. Four times
25. In the general gas equation PV  nRT , how many state
variable are there?
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5
R
26. Which one of following is not true about the ratio “ ”?
NA
A. It is called Boltzmann constant
B. It is called gas constant per mole
C. It is called gas constant per molecule
D. None of these

27. Which one of following is true about ideal gas?

A. Mean K.E is directly proportional to absolute temperature
B. Average speed of gas molecules is not zero
C. Average velocity of gas molecules is zero
D. All of these
28. The average speed of oxygen at STP is:
A. 473 ms-1 B. 493 ms-1
C. 437 ms-1 D. 461 ms-1
29. Which of following expression is not true?
3RT 3kT
A. vrms  B. vrms 
M m

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 PHYSICS Chapter # 10

3RT
C. vrms  D. None of these
NA m
30. Which one is true expression of mean K.E of a molecule of
ideal gas?
3P 3PV
A. B.
2N o 2N
3kT
C. D. All of these
2
31. Which of following is correct about internal energy of
ideal gas?
A. It is measure of average translational K.E
B. It is directly proportional to absolute temperature
C. It is a state function
D. All of these
32. The work done during following expansion of:
P(N m-2)
10

0 5 10 15 20 V(m3)

A. 150 J B. 100 J
C. 75 J D. 200 J
33. First law of thermodynamics is restatement of
conservation of:
A. Energy B. Momentum
C. Charge D. Mass

34. Which is correct expression of 1st-law of thermodynamics

for bicycle pump?
A. Q=U+W B. Q-U=W
C. –W=+U D. U=Q-W
35. Which is correct expression of 1st law of thermodynamics
for Human metabolism?
A. U=Q-W B. -U=+W
C. +U =-W D. None of these

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36. A system undergoes a change of state such that it’s state

change is from (P1, V1, T) to (P2, V2, T). What process does
this process represent and what will be the change in the
internal energy of system?
A. Isothermal process, U = 0 B. Isobaric process, U = +Ve
C. Isobaric process, U = -W D. Adiabatic process, U = -W
37. The PV-equation for isothermal process is:
A. P1V1  P2V2 B. P1V1  P2 V2

C. P  constant D. V  constant
st
38. 1 law of thermodynamics in case of Adiabatic process is:
A. W=-U B. Q  W  U

C. –Q=+W-U D. Q-U=W
39. Which one represent Adiabat?
P P

A. B.

V V
P P

C. D.

V V
40. During which process work done is maximum?
A. Isothermal B. Adiabatic
C. Isochoric D. Isobaric
41. The ratio of slope of Adiabat to Isotherm is:
A.  B.  2
1 1
C. D.
 2
42. During which process work done is minimum?
A. Isothermal B. Isochoric
C. Adiabatic D. Isobaric
43. Which is correct expression?
C R
A. CP  CV  R, P   B. CP 
CV    1

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 PHYSICS Chapter # 10

R
C. CV  D. All of these
   1
44. 1st law of thermodynamics in case of Isobaric process is:
A. CP T  PV B. CV T  CPT  PV
C. CP T  CV T  PV D. None of these
45. After a reversible process:
A. Change in temperature of system is zero
B. Change in pressure of system is zero
C. Change in volume of system is zero
D. All of these
46. 2nd law of thermodynamics is written as:
A. W=Q1 B. W=Q2
C. W=Q1-Q2 D. W=T1-T2
47. Which is true statement about Carnot engine?
A. It sets upper limit to efficiency
B. It sets lower limit to efficiency
C. It is imaginary engine with maximum energy loses
D. All of these
48. Carnot cycle consists of _________ kind of processes:
A. 2 B. 3
C. 4 D. 5
49. In Carnot cycle if no heat is added or removed from
system its temperature:
A. Remains same B. Falls
C. Rises D. May rise or fall
50. In Carnot cycle heat is added only during:
A. Isothermal compression B. Adiabatic compression
C. Isothermal expansion D. Adiabatic expansion
51. In complete Carnot cycle:
A. Work done is zero
B. Change in internal energy is zero
C. Net heat added is zero
D. All of these

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52. Which is correct expression for efficiency of Carnot engine?

 t t   t  273 
A.    1 2  B.   1  2 
 t1  273   t1  273 
W
C.     D. All of these
 Q1 
53. Efficiency of Carnot engine is:
A. Directly proportional to source temperature
B. Inversely proportional to sink temperature
C. Directly proportional to difference of source & sink
temperature
D. All of these
54. Efficiency of practical engines:
A. Independent of nature of working substance
B. Dependent of nature of working substance
C. Dependent of source and sink temperature
D. Both B and C
55. A Carnot engine and a practical engine are working
between two same temperatures:
A. They have same efficiency
B. Practical engine has less efficiency
C. Carnot engine has more efficiency
D. Both B and C
56. The efficiency of Carnot Engine will be 100% if:
A. T2  0C B. T2  0 K
C. T1   D. Both B and C
57. The turbine in a steam power plant takes steam from a
boiler at 427C and exhausts into a low temperature
reservoir at 77C. What is maximum efficiency possible?
A. 40% B. 50%
C. 60% D. 70%

58. The temperature difference in a Carnot engine between

source and sink is 100C. If the temperature of source is
227C what is the efficiency?
A. 20% B. 30%
C. 40% D. 50%
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 PHYSICS Chapter # 10

59. A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at

7C has an efficiency of 50%. By how many degrees the
temperature of the source be increased to increased the
efficiency to 70%.
A. 273 C B. 373 C
C. 473 C D. 573 C
60. A particular substance absorbs a heat 500 J at triple point
of water and absorbs a heat 1000 J at temperature “T”
while undergoing complete Carnot cycle. What is the
temperature “T”?
A. 546.32 K B. 273.16 K
C. 273.16C D. Both A and C
61. In one complete cycle of petrol engine, crankshaft completes
_________ rotations.
A. 2 B. 3
C. 1 D. 4
62. Which one is not required in diesel engine?
A. Piston B. Crankshaft
C. Fly wheel D. Spark plug
63. In which process entropy remains same?
A. Isothermal B. Isobaric
C. Isochoric D. Adiabatic
64. Total change in entropy for any real life process is:
A.  0 B.  0
C. Both of these D. Cannot be predicted
65. The change in entropy when 1 kg ice at 0C melts into
water at 0C where Lf  3.36 105 Joule kg 1
J J
A. 1.3 105 B. 1.5 103
K K
J J
C. 1.8 105 D. 1.23 103
K K

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PHYSICS Chapter # 10

ANSWER KEY (Worksheet-21) 6. Answer is “D”

1 C 11 A 21 D 31 D 41 A 51 B 61 A
Total mass mN
2 D 12 C 22 C 32 A 42 B 52 D 62 D Solution:- density   3
3 D 13 D 23 B 33 A 43 D 53 D 63 D Total volume
4 D 14 B 24 A 34 C 44 C 54 D 64 A
5 D 15 C 25 B 35 A 45 D 55 D 65 D 7. Answer is “C”
6 D 16 B 26 B 36 A 46 C 56 D
7 C 17 B 27 D 37 A 47 A 57 B Solution:- No. of particles colliding with
8 D 18 B 28 D 38 A 48 C 58 A
9 C 19 B 29 D 39 B 49 D 59 B
total 6 faces of cube =N
Answer is “D”
10 B 20 B 30 D 40 D 50 C 60 D
8.

SOLUTIONS V12  V22  V32

Solution:- vrms 
3
Chapter – 10 (WS-21)
9. Answer is “C”
1. Answer is “C”
Solution:- Dalton’s law of partial pressure
Solution:-In both of “diffusion of gases”
and “Brownian motion” of smoke PT  P1  P2  P3  ..........
particles there is an evidence in favor of
kinetic theory of gases. 10. Answer is “B”

2. Answer is “D” Solution:- P 

2N
 K .E 
3V
Solution:- As molecules are microscopic
so both “A” & “C” options are the best. Here
3. Answer is “D” N  K.E  average K.E of gas.
Solution:- P.E is because of attractive or <K.E>= average K.E of one molecule of
repulsive forces gas
4. Answer is “D” 11. Answer is “A”
momentum Ns N
Solution:- As   2 vrms ,1 2 M2
sec Area s m 2
m Solution:-  
vrms ,2 1 M1
Force
  pressure Where,
unit area
 = Density of gas
5. Answer is “D”
Solution:- In a cubical container of length and M = Molar mass of gas
“ ” time between two successive 12. Answer is “C”
collisions on a particular wall is “t” such
that molecule covers “ 2 ” distance with 3RT
Solution:- vrms 
2
speed “v” then we can write; t  . M
v
13. Answer is “D”
2N 1 2
Solution:- P   mv 
3V 2
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PHYSICS Chapter # 10

P  v 2  2
 t  273   K .E 
14. Answer is “B” 3k
vrms 2 T2 19. Answer is “B”
Solution:-  where T2 and
vrms 1 T1
A M A
T1 are temperatures in Kelvin Solution:- 
B M B
Alternative short cut to solve this type of
problem is: 20. Answer is “B”
T2  n T12
Where Solution:- V  T
N=the number / factor to which speed at
T2 is greater or smaller than at T1 for 21. Answer is “D”
example in this question n=2. Solution:- Temperature conversion formulae
15. Answer is “C”
22. Answer is “C”
Solution:- As the pressure of gas is
given as: 
C  0   F  32 K  273
2N 1 2N1 Solution:-  
P  mv 2   P  m  v2  100 180 100
3V 2 3V2
 P  Constant  v 2  23. Answer is “B”

Taking square root on both sides C  0   F  32 K  273
Solution:-  
P  Constant  v2  100 180 100
P  Constant vrms 24. Answer is “A”
P  vrms 1
Solution:- P 
16. Answer is “B” V
Solution:- As the pressure of gas is 25. Answer is “B”
given as
2N 1 Solution:- P,V and T are state variable
P  mv 2 
3V 2 26. Answer is “B”
P  v  2
Solution:- Boltzmann’s constant is also
 v  = mean square velocity = vms
2
called gas constant per molecule and is
written as:
P  vms
17. Answer is “B” k
R
 K .E 1 T1 NA
Solution:- 
 K .E  2 T2 27. Answer is “D”
18. Answer is “B” Solution:- These all properties are basic.
2
Solution:- T   K .E 
3k

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28. Answer is “D” 35. Answer is “A”

Solution:- At S.T.P we have ; Solution:- Rearrange 1st law of
T  0C  273K Now use relation; thermodynamics

 v 2 
3Tk
and solve. 36. Answer is “A”
m Solution:- As T = Constant so it must be
an isothermal process in which internal
29. Answer is “D”
energy also remains unvaried hence U = 0.
Solution:- These all relations are true;
37. Answer is “A”
3TK Solution:- For isothermal process as T =
As vrms   i  constant, so using basic concept of
m
Boyle’s law we can write;
 PV  NKT putting in eq  i  1 constant
P P  PV  constant
V V
PV
3 38. Answer is “A”
vrms  N  3PV  3 NRT
Solution:- Put Q=0 in 1st law
m Nm Nm
39. Answer is “B”
N Solution:- Steeper curve is Adiabat
3 RT
NA 3RT 3RT
   40. Answer is “D”
Nm N Am M Solution:- If we draw graphs or
30. Answer is “D” characteristic curves of all the mentioned
processes then we can have;
2N
Solution:- P   K .E  A B
isobar
3V P
31. Answer is “D” B
isotherm
Adiabat
Solution:- Internal energy is defined as B
average translational K.E of ideal gas isochor B V
molecules it depends upon temperature It can been seen in above graph that the
and is a state function. area under PV –curve (which actually
32. Answer is “A” shows the work done) is maximum for
Solution:- Find area under graph isobaric process, then for isothermal
process, then for adiabatic process and no
33. Answer is “A”
area is traced for isochoric process.
Solution:- As Q  W  U
41. Answer is “A”
Where units of Q, W & U are J so it P
Solution:-  Slope Isotherm 
means it is a consequence of law of V
conservation of energy. P
Slope Adiabat  
34. Answer is “C” V
Solution:- Put W = 0 in 1st law of 42. Answer is “B”
thermodynamics Solution:- For isochoric process V=0 &
W=0.

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43. Answer is “D” 48. Answer is “C”

Solution:- Cp  Cv  R 
 (1) Solution:-
 No. of processes in one Carnot cycle
Cp
γ= =4
Cv  The kinds of processes in one Carnot
cycle = 2
(Isothermal process & adiabatic process)
Cp 49. Answer is “D”
C p = γCv Cv =
γ Solution:- In carnot cycle if Q=0, then
Put these
Put thesevalue one one
values after after
other in (I) in (1) and
other it must be either an adiabatic expansion or
solve. contraction so we know that in adiabatic
44. Answer is “C” process temperature either increases or
decreases due to work done either by
Solution:- In case of isobaric process
system or on system.
W=PV (as P=constant & only “V”
changes) so first law of thermodynamics 50. Answer is “C”
can be written as; Solution:- Now if heat is added or
Qp=W+U  (i) subtracted from a carnot cycle then this
must be an isothermal process in which
 Qp=CpT & W=PV so above eq (i)
either we give or take heat from the
becomes;
system, it’s temperature remains unvaried.
But we must remember that in Cp or Cv
Up = Uv = Cv T So, 51. Answer is “B”
CpT = PV + CvT Solution:- As it is a cyclic process so it
means system regains it’s initial temperature,
45. Answer is “D” hence T = 0 as well as U = 0.
Solution:- For a reversible process as
system comes back to it’s initial state 52. Answer is “D”
back so it means Solution:- Rearrange formula of “”
P1  P2 ,V1  V2 , T1  T2 even U1  U 2 53. Answer is “D”
So Solution:- Simply follow relation:-
P  0, V  0, T  0 and U  0  T   T T 
%  1  2  100   1 2  100
 T1   T1 
46. Answer is “C”
Solution:- According to 2nd law of 54. Answer is “D”
thermodynamics when “Q1” heat enters Solution:- Practically heat engine’s
into a heat engine it partially converts it efficiency depends upon nature of
into work (W) and rest given to cold body working substance and as far as
as “Q2”. temperatures of hot and cold body are
concerned, are also a vital part of
Q1  W  Q2  W  Q1  Q2
efficiency.
47. Answer is “A” 55. Answer is “D”
Solution:- “A Carnot engine is an Solution:- Practical engine always
imaginary heat engine which has include losses so it’s efficiency has to be
minimum energy losses and maximum smaller than carnot engine.
efficiency (but less than 100%)”.

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56. Answer is “D” 64. Answer is “A”

Solution:- It’s simple for %  100% , Solution:- Entropy change on the whole
T2 is always positive.
the term  0.
T1 65. Answer is “D”
 T  Q
%  1  2  100  1  0  100  100% Solution:- S   S  mL f
 T1  T T
T
Now 2  0 is possible if either T2  0 K
T1
or T1   K which both are impossible to
achieve.
57. Answer is “B”
 
Solution:-   1  T2  100%
 T1 

58. Answer is “A”

 
Solution:-    T1  T2  100%
 T1 
59. Answer is “B”
Solution:-
(i) 1  1  T2
T1
T2
(ii) 2  1 
T1
(iii) Find T1  T1
60. Answer is “D”
Q
Solution:- T  273.16 
Q3
61. Answer is “A”
Solution:- It can be seen from it’s
working.
62. Answer is “D”
Solution:- Diesel engine does not require
spark plug.
63. Answer is “D”
Q
Solution:- As entropy =  , also in an
T
adiabatic Q=constant or Q=0 so S = 0
or S = constant in an adiabatic process.

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