Because learning changes everything.

Chapter 2
The Internet, the Web, and
Electronic Commerce

Computing Essentials 2023

O’Leary

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 Learning Objectives
1. Explain the origins of the Internet and the web.
2. Explain how to access the web using providers and browsers.
3. Compare different web utilities including filters, file transfer utilities, and
Internet security suites.
4. Compare different Internet communications, including social networking
blogs, microblogs, webcasts, podcasts, wikis, e-mail, text messaging, and
instant messaging.
5. Describe search tools, including search engines and specialized search
engines.
6. Describe how to evaluate the accuracy of information presented on the web.
7. Identify electronic commerce, including B2C, C2C, B2B, and security issues.
8. Describe cloud computing, including the three-way interaction of clients,
Internet, and service providers.
9. Discuss the Internet of Things (IoT) and the continuing development of the
Internet to allow everyday objects to send and receive data.
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 Introduction
The Internet.
• Interconnected mesh of computers and data lines.
• Connecting millions of people and organizations.

Foundation of the digital revolution.

• Allowing people around the world to share words, images and any
digital file almost instantaneously.

The Web.
• Provides a multimedia interface to Internet resources.

To be effective and efficient.

• End user awareness of the resources available on the Internet and the
Web.

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 The Internet and the Web
The Internet.
• Large global network connecting smaller networks all over the globe.

The Internet launched in 1969.

• The United States funded a project to develop a national computer
network.
• ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network).

World Wide Web or WWW was introduced in 1991.

The Internet and the web are NOT the same.
• The Internet is the physical network.
• The web is a multimedia interface to the resources available on the
Internet.

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 Web
Web 1.0. Web 3.0.
• 1st generation. • Identifies relationships
• Linking existing information between data.
focus. • Personalized content
• Search programs were creation for users.
created.
Web 4.0.
Web 2.0. • Called the mobile web.
• Dynamic content creation. • Similar to Web 3.0 but
• Facebook is most common in includes information from
Web 2.0. mobile devices.

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 Common Internet Uses
• Communicating.
• Shopping.
• Searching.
• Education or e-learning.
• Online Entertainment.

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 Making IT Work for You – Online
Entertainment
Online options for TV, movies, music, books, social media, news feeds.
• Hulu, Amazon Prime, Netflix, Amazon Kindle, CNN, Instagram, Tidal,
HBOMax, Apple Podcasts.

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 Internet Access Providers
Internet Service Provider (ISP).
• Common way to access the Internet.
• Provide a path to access the Internet.
• Use digital subscriber line (DSL), cable, and/or wireless
connections.

Most common providers.

• Verizon, Comcast, Sprint, T-Mobile, AT&T.

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 Browsers
Provide access to web resources.
Allow you to explore the web.
• Connect to remote computers.
• Uncomplicated interface to the
Internet.
• File transfer.
• Display many varieties of multimedia.

Popular Web browsers include:

• Mozilla Firefox.
• Apple Safari.
• Microsoft Edge.
• Google Chrome.

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 URLs
Uniform Resource Locator.
• Location or address of resource.
• https is the most common for web traffic.

Two parts.
Protocol.
• Rules for exchanging data.

Domain name.
• Where resource is
located.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Figure 2-4 10

 Top-Level Domain (TLD)
.com .net
• Commercial. • Network.

.edu .org
• Educational. • Organization.
.gov
• Government.

.mil
• US Military.

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 HTML and Hyperlinks
Hypertext Markup Language.
• Markup language for displaying web pages.

Browsers interpret HTML commands.

• Display document as a web page.

Hyperlinks or links.
Connect to other web pages.
• Text files.
• Graphic images.
• Audio and Video Clips.

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 Interactive Web Sites
Technologies used to
provide highly interactive
and animated websites.
• JavaScript.
• PHP.
• Cascading Style Sheets
(CSS).
• Mobile Browsers.

© McGraw Hill, LLC George Dolgikh/Shutterstock 13

 Web Utilities
Specialized utility programs that make using the Internet and
web safer and easier.
• Filters.
• File Transfer Utilities.
• Internet Security Suites.

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 Filters
Block access to selected sites.
Set time limits.
Monitor total time spent on the Internet and at individual web
sites.
• Net Nanny.
• Qustodio Parental Control.
• Circle with Disney.
• Symantec Norton Family Premier.

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 File Transfer Utilities
Upload and download files to and from the Internet.
• Downloading.
• Uploading.
Three popular types of programs.
• Web-based file transfer services.
• Bit-Torrent.
• File transfer protocol (FTP) / Secure file transfer protocol
(SFTP).

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 Internet Security Suites
Designed to maintain your security and privacy while on the web.
Two best known suites.
• Symantec Norton Internet Security.
• Bitdefender Internet Security.

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 Communication
Communication is the most popular Internet activity.
• Social Networking.
• Blogs, Microblogs, Podcasts, and Wikis.
• Messaging.
• E-mail.

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 Social Networking
Connecting people and organizations that share a common
interest or activity.

Common features.
• Profiles.
• Pages.
• Groups.
• Friends.
• News feed.
• Share settings.

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 Blogs
• Blogs.
• Microblogs.

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 Webcast, Podcast, and Wikis
Podcast.
• Delivered over the Internet.
• Typically one audio program in a series of related
podcasts.

Wiki.
• Specially designed Web
site.
• Allows visitors to edit
the contents.
• Supports collaborative
writing.

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 Messaging
• Text Messaging.
• MMS.
• Instant Messaging.

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 E-Mail
Transmission of
electronic messages
over the Internet.
Four basic elements.
Header.
• Address.
• Subject.

Message.
Signature.
Attachments.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Figure 2-16, Figure 2-17 23

 E-mail Systems
Client-based. Web-based.
E-mail client. Webmail client.
Must be installed on No installation necessary –
computer. free.
• Apple’s Mail. • Google’s Gmail.
• Microsoft Outlook. • Microsoft’s Outlook.
• Yahoo!’s Yahoo! Mail.

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 SPAM
Spam.
• Unwelcome e-mail.
Computer viruses.
• Destructive programs.

CAN-SPAM Act.
• Antispam laws.

Spam Blockers/Filters.
• Identify and control spam.

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 Search Tools
Search Services.
• Operate websites.
• Spiders.

Search Engines. Search

Services Site
• Assist in locating specific Bing www.bing.com
information. Duckduckgo www.duckduckgo.com
Google www.google.com
Content Evaluation.
Yahoo! www.yahoo.com
• Information on the web is
often not reviewed to
ensure accuracy.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Figure 2-18 Search Engines 26

 Content Evaluation
• Authority.
• Accuracy.
• Objectivity.
• Currency.

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 Electronic Commerce
• Business-to-consumer (B2C).
• Consumer-to consumer (C2C).
• Business-to-business (B2B).

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 Business to Consumer (B2C)
Sale of product or service to general public.
Fastest growing type of e-commerce.
Three most widely used B2C applications:
• Online banking.
• Financial trading.
• Shopping.

Amazon.com is one of the most widely used B2C sites

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 Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce (C2C).
• Individual to individual.

Web auctions.
• Buyers and sellers seldom meet.
• Bids are submitted electronically.
• Online auction sites.

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 Business to Business (B2B)
Sale of a product or service from one business to another.
Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship.

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 Security
Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure.
• Provide a convenient way to submit buyers’ information.

Two options.
Credit card.
• Fast and convenient.

Digital cash.
• Internet’s equivalent to traditional cash.
• Converts digital cash to currency through 3rd party.
• Cryptocurrency uses public ledgers, known as
blockchains, to record all transactions.
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 Cloud Computing
Shifts computing activities
from users’ computers to
computers on the Internet.
Frees end-users from
owning, maintaining, and
storing software programs
and data.
Three basic components:
• Clients (end-users).
• The Internet.
• Service providers.

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 Internet of Things (IoT)
Continuing development of the
Internet.
Allows objects embedded with
electronic devices to send and
receive data.
• Smartphones.
• Wearable devices.
• Coffee makers.
Uses Web 3.0 Applications.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Myriaum B/Shutterstock, Denys Prykhodov/Shutterstock 34

 Careers in IT - Webmasters
Develop and maintain
websites and resources.
• Backup of company website.
• Design and development of
websites.
• Work with the marketing
team.
• Increase site traffic.
• Development of web
promotions.

© McGraw Hill, LLC G-Stock Studio/Shutterstock 35

 A Look to the Future
Home Smart Home.

© McGraw Hill, LLC MyCreative/Shutterstock 36

 Open Ended Questions
1. Discuss the Internet and web, including their origins, the four generations of the web,
and the most common uses.
2. Describe how to access the Internet. What are providers? Define browsers, and
discuss URLs, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, AJAX, PHP, and mobile browsers.
3. What are Web utilities? Discuss filters, file transfer utilities, and Internet security suites.
4. Discuss Internet communications, including social networking, blogs, microblogs,
podcasts, wikis, client-based and web-based e-mail, and messaging.
5. Define search tools including search services. Discuss search engines. Describe how
to evaluate the content of a web site for Authority, Accuracy, Objectivity, and Currency.
6. Describe electronic commerce, including business-to-consumer, consumer-to-
consumer, and business-to-business e-commerce, and security.
7. Discuss the Internet of Things (IoT). Describe how Fitbit and Apple’s Health App are
examples of how an IoT device can interact with a Web 3.0 application.
8. What is cloud computing? Describe the three basic components of cloud computing.

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