Sensors
Sensors
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To learn the various types of sensors, transducers, sensor output signal types, calibration
techniques, formulation of system equation and its characteristics.
To understand basic working principle, construction, Application and characteristics of
displacement, speed and ranging sensors.
To understand and analyze the working principle, construction, application and
characteristics of force, magnetic and heading sensors.
To learn and analyze the working principle, construction, application and characteristics of
optical, pressure, temperature and other sensors.
To familiarize students with different signal conditioning circuits design and data acquisition
system.
UNIT I SENSOR CLASSIFICATION, CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNAL TYPES 9
Basics of Measurement – Classification of Errors – Error Analysis – Static and Dynamic
Characteristics of Transducers – Performance Measures of Sensors – Classification of Sensors –
Sensor Calibration Techniques – Sensor Outputs - Signal Types - Analog and Digital Signals,
PWM and PPM.
UNIT II DISPLACEMENT, PROXIMITY AND RANGING SENSORS 9
Displacement Sensors – Brush Encoders - Potentiometers, Resolver, Encoders – Optical,
Magnetic, Inductive, Capacitive, LVDT – RVDT – Synchro – Microsyn, Accelerometer – Range
Sensors -Ultrasonic Ranging - Reflective Beacons - Laser Range Sensor (LIDAR) – GPS - RF
Beacons.
UNIT III FORCE, MAGNETIC AND HEADING SENSORS 9
Strain Gage – Types, Working, Advantage, Limitation, and Applications: Load Measurement –
Force and Torque Measurement - Magnetic Sensors – Types, Principle, Advantage, Limitation,
and Applications - Magneto Resistive – Hall Effect, Eddy Current Sensor - Heading Sensors –
Compass, Gyroscope and Inclinometers.
UNIT IV OPTICAL, PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE AND OTHER SENSORS 9
Photo Conductive Cell, Photo Voltaic, Photo Resistive, LDR – Fiber Optic Sensors – Pressure –
Diaphragm – Bellows - Piezoelectric - Piezo-resistive - Acoustic, Temperature – IC, Thermistor,
RTD, Thermocouple – Non Contact Sensor - Chemical Sensors - MEMS Sensors - Smart
Sensors.
UNIT V SIGNAL CONDITIONING 9
Need for Signal Conditioning – Resistive, Inductive and Capacitive Bridges for Measurement -
DC and AC Signal Conditioning - Voltage, Current, Power and Instrumentation Amplifiers –
Filter and Isolation Circuits – Fundamentals of Data Acquisition System
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES
Upon successful completion of the course, students should be able to:
CO1: Understand various sensor effects, sensor characteristics, signal types, calibration methods
and obtain transfer function and empirical relation of sensors. They can also analyze the densor
response.
CO2: Analyze and select suitable sensor for displacement, proximity and range measurement.
CO3: Analyze and select suitable sensor for force, magnetic field, speed, position and direction
measurement.
CO4: Analyze and Select suitable sensor for light detection, pressure and temperature
measurement and also familiar with other miniaturized smart sensors.
CO5: Select and design suitable signal conditioning circuit with proper compensation and
linearizing element based on sensor output signal.