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Holy Angel Universit: Understanding Plate Tectonics in The Context of The Philippines Scenario

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26 views4 pages

Holy Angel Universit: Understanding Plate Tectonics in The Context of The Philippines Scenario

Uploaded by

ayasoriano72
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© © All Rights Reserved
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HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSIT

Basic Education Department


#1 Holy Angel Avenue, Sto. Rosario, Angeles City
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
A.Y.2024-2025 FIRST QUARTER
GRADE 10, SCIENCE
ACTIVITY TITLE: Philippine

Name____________________________Section____________________Date_______
___
Tectonic Setting
LERANING TARGET/S: Locate the Philippine plate on the global tectonic map;
Identify the type of plate margin for the Philippine plate;
Describe the geologic implication of the position of the
Philippine using the global tectonic map;
Infer that the geological features of the Philippines are due to its
interaction to other plate margins.
Reference: https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/- link to various activities
regarding plate tectonics
https://www.canva.com/ -provides templates for creating posters,
worksheets,etc
Direction: Study how the position of the Philippine plate contributes to the country’s
tectonic characteristics. Here is a copy of the activity for this. Visit this site for the map,
https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/88000/88415/dtam_web.jpg - a
digital tectonic activity map by NASA published in 0ct 2002.
Complete the diagram using the guide statements given.

Understanding plate
tectonics in the context of
the Philippines scenario

Made from Canva App


It has two back-arc basins formed in Oligocene to Miocene period: Parece Vela
and Shikoku Basins.
The region of the Philippines is notable for the Philippine Mobile Belt, a complex
part of the tectonic boundary between the Eurasian and the Philippine Sea
plates, including subduction zones, deep-seatrenches and Philippine Fault
System. The Philippine Sea Plate is bordered by convergent boundaries
where tectonic plates collide with cold and dense Philippine Sea plate is sliding
beneath the warmer, and
less dense Eurasian Plate as a result of subduction process, due to lithospheric
density differences.

Necessarily, it causes active and repetitive volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis,


regional destruction of the lithosphere and local geological deformations. As
Philippine Sea Plate subducts into the mantle, it releases water from minerals
dehydration in the oceanic crust. It causes partial melting of rocks in the
asthenosphere, which rise up reaching the surface, and forming volcanic island
arcs. These volcanic island arcs are notable along the margins of the Philippine
Sea, parallel to the chain of the oceanic trenches. For example, prominent
volcanic island arcs are in this region include Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc (including
Izu Islands, Bonin Islands, Mariana Islands), Luzon Volcanic Arc stretching from
Taiwan to Luzon, and the Philippines. Isotopes and trace elements show unique
geochemical characteristics of the volcanic chains (strong niobium anomalies
and calcalkaline characteristics, strontium isotopic ratios) studied previously [2-
5].
Several deep-sea trenches are located along the margins of the Philippine Sea
(clockwise): Mariana, Yap, Palau, Manila, Philippine, Ryukyu and Izu-Bonin
Trench. Current work combines geophysical modelling with visualization of the
earthquakes location and depths to visualize seismicity of the area. Hence,
Philippine Sea belongs to the seismically active region of ‘Ring of Fire’ along the
margins of the Pacific Ocean, where numerous earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions take place. Two specific foci within the study area are two deep-sea
trenches, the Mariana Trench (a prominent crescent arc on Figure 1) and the
Philippine Trench, located on the east and western margins of the Philippine
Sea, respectively. Geodetic modelling and seismic mapping are important parts
of the geophysical analysis of the region, because visualizing data observation
enables to indicate a coupled or planar tectonic plate interface and give deeper
insights to the plate subduction structure and mechanisms of the interfaces in the
colliding tectonic plates. Marine free-air gravity modelling defines details of the
crust, upper mantle and slab structure in the subduction zone, based on the
available terrestrial and satellite gravity data. Understanding such complex
relationships between tectonic plate subduction, as well as fore-arc and back-arc
structures requires precise and accurate modelling and detailed spatial analysis
of the seismicity in the region which reflects variations in the crust and upper
mantle structure. Geoid, bathymetric and gravity modelling demonstrated in this
paper is made using GMT with presented codes, while schematic maps and
cross-sections of the earthquake events were derived from the International
Seismological Centre.
Specifically for the Philippine area, volcano and earthquake disasters are
frequent in the top 10 among other natural disasters according to the EM-DAT:
The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database (http://www.em-dat.net/).
Plotting hazards in the Philippine area through maps, particularly earthquake
events, were visualized with the base map and cross-sections from the ISC-EHB,
a dataset of seismic events. The base maps of the Philippine Sea region show
the bathymetry and topography of the area together with geodetic modelling.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software are traditionally used to overlay
and visualize hazard maps with other layers. In contrast, this paper presents a
GMT visualization which is based on the console commands from the shell
scripts.
As mentioned before, trenches of the Philippines Sea region are located on the
“Ring of Fire”, a Circum-Pacific belt of earthquakes and regular volcanic
eruptions stretching on ca. 40,000 km along the margins of the Pacific Ocean.
This explains the vulnerability of the area, and specifically, the country of
Philippines, towards frequent seismicity and active volcanism. The country is at
risk of the repetitive earthquakes of various magnitude that occur on a regular
basis, caused by tectonic subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate, as discussed in
the above chapters. Indeed, the analysis of the Philippines Sea marginal area
shown high earthquake hazard according to the information derived from the
International Seismological Centre Bulletin (ISC-EHB) cross-sections and maps.
Hence, there is a high possibility of the risk of potentially-damaging earthquakes
shaking in coastal area of Philippines. Based on the data visualization, the
impact of earthquakes and submarine volcanism should be analyzed and
considered in all phases of the sustainable development of the Philippine cities

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