Itlugan Integrated National High School

Investigating Recycling Habits among select Students at Itlugan

Integrated National High School : A Step Towards Sustainable Solid

Waste Management

A Research Presented to the Faculty

Of Itlugan National High School

Rosario,Batangas

In fulfillment

To the requirements for the Practical Research II

_______________________________

Researchers

Delgado, Jheron Q.

Galac, Darren E.

__________ 2023
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
APPROVAL SHEET

This study entitled __________________________________”

prepared and submitted by ___________________________________ in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the A_________________________,

has been evaluated, examined and approved with a grade of ____.

Date: _______________, 2023.

RESEARCH ADVISER

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Panelist Panelist

Panelist
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers acknowledge and extend their gratitude and deep

appreciation to all those who in one way or another had contributed

assistance to the fulfillment of their dream, to complete this research paper

wish to thank the following:

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
DEDICATION

This humble piece of work is wholeheartedly dedicated to all who contributed

in fufilling our dreams and aspirations....

To our ALMIGHTY GOD,

For the strength, wisdom and blessings he showed to us…

To our PARENTS,

For the endless moral, love, care and financial support…

To our ADVISER,

For reminding us to be inspired, motivated, and endless support or whatever

might happens…

To our FRIENDS,

For their help and prayers to make this piece of work possible…

We dedicate this work with all ourt effort and sincerity.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

DEDICATION iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

ABSTRACT viii

CHAPTERS

I.The Problem

Introduction

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Limitation

Significant of the Study

II.Review of Literature
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
Related Literature

Conceptual Literature

Definition of Terms

III.Research Methodology

Research Design

Subject of the Study

Data Gathering Instrument

Data Analysis

IV. Results and Discussion

Results and Discussions

V.Findings,Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary

Findings

Conclusion

Recommendation

Bibliography

Appendices

Questionnaires
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Letters

Project/Implementation

Photo Documentation

Curriculum Vitae

List of tables

Part 1.

Part 2.

Part 3.
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ABSTRACT

TITLE :

RESEARCHERS :

NO. OF PAGES :

STRAND :

TRACK : Academic

INSTITUTION : Itlugan Integrated National High School

ADDRESS : Itlugan, Rosario, Batangas

ADVISER :

SUMMARY
Itlugan Integrated National High School
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the issue of solid waste management has become a

pressing concern due to the increasing amount of waste generated and its

negative impact on the environment. One of the key strategies to address this

issue is recycling, which involves the collection and processing of waste

materials to create new products. Recycling not only helps reduce the

consumption of finite resources but also minimizes pollution and greenhouse

gas emissions associated with waste disposal.

Every school has a legal duty to ensure an efficient school waste

management system is in place, aiming to reduce, reuse, and recycle the

rubbish produced. This means using the right bins for storage and disposal,

separating as much as possible for recycling. Increasingly, schools are

viewed as role models for eco-friendly waste management.

School waste comes in lots of different forms, which is often the reason

many schools struggle to implement an efficient school waste management

system. The appropriate disposal method depends on the waste type.

As the younger generation is the future custodian of the environment, it

is crucial to understand their recycling habits and attitudes towards

sustainable waste management. This study aims to investigate the recycling

habits among select students, recognizing it as a significant step towards

achieving sustainable solid waste management.

By focusing on a specific group of students, this study seeks to gather

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
data about their recycling behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes towards

recycling. It will explore the factors that influence their recycling habits, such

as awareness campaigns, access to recycling facilities, education, and

personal motivations. The findings of this study can provide insights into the

effectiveness of existing recycling initiatives and identify potential

opportunities for improvement.

Furthermore, investigating recycling habits among students can have

broader implications for promoting sustainable waste management practices

within educational institutions. By understanding the barriers and motivations

of students regarding recycling, appropriate strategies and interventions can

be developed to encourage and enhance their participation in recycling

programs. This, in turn, can contribute to the overall goal of achieving

sustainable solid waste management in campus environments and be yond.

As the world grapples with the growing concern of solid waste

management and its environmental implications, it is crucial to promote

sustainable practices that contribute to waste reduction and recycling. One

important aspect of sustainable waste management is fostering recycling

habits among individuals, particularly among the younger generation who will

be the future leaders and decision-makers.

According to (Ericson E. Coracero, Rb J. Gallego, Kristine Joy M.

Frago, Ruel Joseph R. Gonzales,December 28, 2021) Solid waste

management is considered a pressing global issue calling for an immediate

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response from the government and its people. The Philippines has a

continuously rising amount of waste and is expected to further increase in the

succeeding years. As reviewed, associated problems with solid waste

management in the country include an increasing amount of solid waste,

weak law implementation, scarcity of sanitary landfills, and improper disposal.

The ultimate solution existing in the country is the RA 9003 or the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which highlights the practices of

segregation, proper disposal, and waste diversion. The importance of

envisioning a trash-free Philippines and encouraging people's participation

and awareness is also emphasized. Another possible solution to solid waste

management is valorization which can also address other environmental

problems such as the depletion of natural resources. These solutions

enumerated will only be possible with the presence of good governance,

active participation of the people of the country, and the cooperation of all

constituents and agencies in the Philippines.

The recycling dilemma has theoretical grounding in cooperative game

theory and public goods games (Tomassini and Antonioni, 2020).

Experimental game studies are useful in predicting how individuals contribute

to the effective use of public goods and collectivism (Schram, 2002). Work on

social norms behaviour (Sunstein, 1996; 2014; Thaler et al., 2013) has been

influential; effective maintenance of public goods and positive externalities

rely on social norms (Sunstein, 1996); nudges (policy interventions) may help.

Thaler and Sunstein (2008) define a nudge as “… any aspect of the choice

architecture that alters people's behaviour in a predictable way without

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forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives. To

count as a mere nudge, the intervention must be easy and cheap to avoid.

Nudges are not mandates.” Waste prevention policy through nudges would

encourage responsible recycling, demanding individual action but preventing

an insurmountable problem. Nudges have been widely accepted by

governments e.g., the US and UK (Halpern, 2015). Bicchieri and Dimant

(2019) discuss the effective design of nudges.

Itlugan Integrated National High School has a significant role to play in

promoting environmentally friendly practices among its students. By educating

and encouraging students to adopt recycling habits, the school can instill a

sense of responsibility towards the environment and create a culture of

sustainability. As the researchers observe at Itlugan Integrated National High

School, majority of the learners does not know the recycling habits.

The study will focus on a selected group of students, representing a

diverse cross-section of the student population. Through surveys and

interviews, data will be collected to assess the awareness, knowledge, and

behavior of students regarding recycling. Additionally, factors influencing

recycling habits, such as availability of recycling bins, education programs,

and peer influence, will be examined.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School

The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the current

recycling habits at Itlugan Integrated National High School and offer

recommendations for improving waste management practices on the school

premises. Implementing effective recycling programs can contribute to

reducing the school's environmental footprint, fostering a sense of

environmental responsibility among students, and creating a positive impact

on the wider community.

Ultimately, by investigating recycling habits among selected students at

Itlugan Integrated National High School, this study aims to take a significant

step towards sustainable solid waste management, laying the foundation for a

greener and more sustainable future. Possible waste disposal methods are

recycling, composting, incineration, landfills, bioremediation, waste to energy,

and waste minimization. As for waste management, it is the measures utilized

to manage waste in its entire life cycle, from waste generation to disposal or

recovery.

In conclusion, this study on investigating recycling habits among

selected students serves as an important step towards sustainable solid

waste management. By delving into the recycling behaviors, attitudes, and

motivations of students, this research aims to provide valuable insights that

can inform policies, initiatives, and educational programs focused on

promoting recycling and achieving a more sustainable future

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age, and;

1.3 Strand?

2. What are the Recycling Habits of Select Students of Itlugan Integrated

National High School in term of;

2.1 Practices,

2.2 Attitudes; and

2.3 Behaviour?

3. Based on the finding of the study what sustainable solid waste

management may be propose?

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study covered Itlugan Integrated National High School Students

particularly 21 males and 17 females with a total of 38 respondents. This

study focused on the investigating of recycling habits among select Students

at Itlugan Integrated National High School. Thus, the result of this study will

be evaluated by the researchers to come up with the clean-up drive every

vacant time in reading time.

This limited to Itlugan Integrated National High School learners

because they are the subject of the study, and it is where all respondents are

studying, and the information will be come up to the about various aspects of

waste generation, collection, transportation, disposal, and recycling. This

includes understanding the types and quantities of waste produced, its

composition, and the sources of generation.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is deemed because it is concerned on enhancing students'

recycling habits, school and community can promote a deeper connection to

environmental values and a sense of belonging to the larger community.

To the School

This study will serve as guide for the students to enhancing their

recycling habit and it can help inculcate a sense of discipline and

responsibility among the students, which are important values for a school to

uphold.
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
To the Students

Increased in recycling habits that can have a positive impact on

students and environment. It provides them with an opportunity to develop

their recycling habits, and environmental values.

To the Teachers

For teachers, this study holds significance as it provides an opportunity

to students in developing their recycling habits, fostering a sense of pride and

accomplishment in their students' achievements.

To the Future Researchers

This study can serve as a foundation for future researchers interested

in exploring the recycling habits on student engagement and school

environment.

CHAPTER II
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

RELATED LITERATURE

Local study

According to Khylle Tumala (January 2015) from her study in The

Effects of Improper waste Disposal in the Philippines, Improper waste

disposal is one of the biggest environmental issues here in the Philippines. It

caused bigger problems that affect not only the environment but also the

health and life of the people. This problem may be resolve or it will remain

problem to the country in the next few the rapidly growing rate of garbage

problems in the country caused by improper waste disposal. Unfortunately,

even though there is a law, improper waste disposal in the Philippines was

ranked 3rd as top source of water contamination in a study on February 2015.

The global community recognized that Solid Waste Management

(SWM) is an issue that requires serious attention. The aggressive pursuit for

economic growth, by developing countries like the Philippines, has resulted in

the manufacture, distribution and use of products and generation of wastes

that contributes to environmental degradation and global climate change.

Available data showed that the Philippines is the 9thmost among the countries

at risk from climate change due to rise of sea levels, intense storm surges and

droughts. This is heavily manifested in the frequent and intense floods the

country is experiencing from devastating typhoons which, many claim, are

due to climate change. Along with economic progress, the rapid growth in

population has also made waste management a major environmental

challenge for the country. The Philippine National Stat population in 2012 to
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be around 97 million with an annual growth rate of 1.87%. According to this

figure, the Philippines is the 12th largest country in the world today.

Foreign Study

According to Iyyanki Muralikrishna and Valli Manickam from Research

Gate (December, 2017), without an effective and efficient waste management

program, the waste generated from various human activities, both industrial

and domestic, can result in health hazards and have a negative impact on the

environment. An effective and efficient waste management program is a way

for an area to have a clean and safe environment. The researchers have

formulated a way to accomplish the aim of Iyyanki Muralikrishna and Valli

Manickam. Treatments and disposal methods depends on the type of

problem that any community has. Residents or any responsible citizen of the

community are able to conduct an appropriate solution for the sake of their

environment. Based on their research, it is also said that various human

activity can result a negative impact that can also cause health hazards to the

residents. Proper discipline and awareness of residents is needed.

Nowadays, the main problem of everybody about solid waste management is

the lack of discipline of some people, that causes growing rate of garbage

problems that also affects air pollution, water and soil contamination, floods

and excessive breeding of rodents and vermin.

However, Taguti, Francoso, Viera (2017) claimed that, Biodegradable

materials are substituting the conventional materials in many different

applications. Among these, an important class is the biodegradable polymers,

also known as ecofriendly polymers. The study on recycling habits among

students at Itlugan Integrated National High School can be connected to the

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past study by Iyyanki Muralikrishna and Valli Manickam, as both emphasize

the importance of effective waste management. Muralikrishna and Manickam

highlight the negative impacts of inadequate waste management on health

and the environment, stressing the need for efficient programs.Additionally,

the mention of biodegradable materials by Taguti, Francoso, and Viera in

2017 aligns with the broader context of sustainable waste management.

Implementing such alternatives could be an avenue explored in both studies

to address the growing rate of garbage problems and mitigate environmental

impacts.

According to Silpa Kaza, Lisa Yao, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, Frank Van

WoerdenWorld Bank Publications, 2018 Solid waste management affects

every person in the world. By 2050, the world is expected to increase waste

generation by 70 percent, from 2.01 billion tonnes of waste in 2016 to 3.40

billion tons of waste annually. Individuals and governments make decisions

about consumption and waste management that affect the daily health,

productivity, and cleanliness of communities. Poorly managed waste is

contaminating the worlds oceans, clogging drains and causing flooding,

transmitting diseases, increasing respiratory problems, harming animals that

consume waste unknowingly, and affecting economic development.

Unmanaged and improperly managed waste from decades of economic

growth requires urgent action at all levels of society. What a Waste 2.0: A

Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 aggregates extensive

solid waste data at the national and urban levels. It estimates and projects

waste generation to 2030 and 2050.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
A decade after the passage of Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as

the Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, an in-depth

and year-long analysis of its successes and remaining gaps is undertaken.

The National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) has gathered

experts and practitioners to document the status of compliance to the law by

local government units and diagnose the issues and barriers affecting its

implementation. With support from Solid Waste Management for Local

Government Units (SWM4LGUs) Project being implemented by AHT GROUP

AG on behalf of the German International Cooperation Agency (GIZ), the

NSWMC has developed the National Solid Waste Management Strategy for

the years 2012 to 2016. The Strategy consists of ten (10) components,

namely: Bridging policy gaps and harmonizing policies, Capacity

development, social marketing and advocacy, Sustainable financing, Creating

economic opportunities, Knowledge management on technologies and

innovation, Organizational development and enhancing inter-agency

cooperation, Compliance monitoring, enforcement and recognition, Good

governance, Caring for vulnerable groups, and Reducing disaster and climate

change risks. Each is defined by key initiatives, which are further elaborated

with objectives, indicative actions, justifications, responsible entities, time

frame, target groups and resource requirements. This paper describes the

processes involved in strategy development, including the review of policies,

situational analysis, issue categorization, validation of strategic issue

statements, elaboration of strategic components, and prioritization of key

initiatives through factor analysis and stakeholder management tools.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
According to the local waste ordinance, wastes have to be segregated

at source into biodegradable and residual wastes. There is no house-to-house

collection system, unless private complaints occur and an exceptional

collection has to be made. Householders or domestic helpers have to bring

the waste to the local Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) or the collection

points of the community on specific days for each kind of waste. A private

service provider is contracted by the municipal government to collect the

waste daily either from the local MRFs or from the designated collection

points and transport the wastes to the only existing dumpsite of the city, which

is located around 5 km from the city center at Barangay Calahunan. In past,

the municipal waste collection was done by night. Due to low efficiency of the

waste collection and to better control the dumpsite operation, the collection

time was switched to now 5 am to 8 pm. The dumpsite is owned by the Iloilo

City Government and is operated by the General Service Office. This site has

been operated as an open dumpsite and has no collection or treatment

system neither for leachate nor for landfill gases. In 2007 the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has issued an authority to close

the open dumpsite. Subsequently the City Government has started the

rehabilitation and development of the dump into a transitional disposal site

and is now preparing the construction of the future sanitary landfill. Although

waste segregation at source is mandated, a considerable amount of valuable

and sellable materials is still contained in the collected wastes and delivered

to the dumpsite where around 300 waste pickers dwell who recover certain

materials as base for their livelihood. As much as the waste picking activities

and selling of reusable materials enables them and their families to survive,
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their presence at the disposal site complicates the efforts of the municipality in

rehabilitating the same and in implementing new waste management projects.

Hence the City government proposed to enhance the management of material

sorting and recovery, composting and waste disposal. To integrate local

waste pickers into the municipal SWM program, the municipality initiated the

formation of a new Livelihood Association, the USWAG Calahunan Livelihood

Association Inc. (UCLA) in 2009. Main objective of this measure was to

formalize their status as waste workers and to enroll them into skills

development programs in order to strengthen them as partner of the

municipality.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• Methods used
by the students in
• Profile of the disposing their
respondents wastes
Seminar
-Methodology
• Recycling Questionnaires
habits of select -Survey/
Students -Data Analysis

We used input-process-output model to show the paradigm of the

study. The first box on the left side concerns with the input data which

includes recycling habits of respondents from Itlugan Integrated National High

School learners, next is the current level of waste segregation. Last is the

methods used by the students in disposing their wastes.

After conceptually analyzing the situation and the details needed for

the research, the through gathering of the data would be done through survey

and data analysis to the respondents of the research which is Itlugan

Integrated National High School learners.

For the output, a proposed seminar will help to encourage more

students to actively participate in waste segregation and recycling, knowing

that their efforts will be captured and celebrated through the getting the

recyclable waste and capture performances by will be evaluated by the

researchers to come up with the clean up drive every vacant time in reading

time.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Waste Management- includes the processes and actions required to manage

waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection,

transport, treatment, and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and

regulation of the waste management process and waste-related laws,

technologies, and economic mechanisms.

Recycling- is the process of converting waste materials into new materials

and objects. This concept often includes the recovery of energy from waste

materials. The recyclability of a material depends on its ability to reacquire the

properties it had in its original state.

Humanities and Social Sciences(HUMSS)- The Humanities and Social

Sciences (HUMSS) strands equip students with a wide range of discipline with

the use of their experiences and skills into the investigation and inquiry of

human situations by studying its behavior and social changes using empirical,

analytical, and critical method techniques.

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood(TVL)- designed to develop students' skills

that is useful for livelihood and technical projects. It provides a curriculum that

is a combination of Core Courses and specialized hands-on courses that

meets the competency-based assessment of TESDA.

Accountacy, Business and Management(ABM)- designed for students

who are interested in business, finance, entrepreneurship, and accounting.

The curriculum of the ABM strand provides a strong foundation in the

principles of business and management, as well as financial and accounting

concepts.
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The Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics(STEM)- is an

approach to learning and development that integrates the areas of science,

technology, engineering and mathematics. Through STEM, students develop

key skills including: problem solving. creativity.

K to 12- A new program established by the Department of Education where

research subject is offered.

Seminar- a class at a college or university in which a topic is discussed by a

teacher and a small group of students.

CHAPTER III
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This to answer the research questions of the study. It will also explain

the research design, and data collection methods that will be used and also

describes how data to be collected from the research will be analyzed.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers will explore the effectiveness of interventions in

enhancing students engagement in recycling habits of the students .

According to Shona Mc Combes (2019) defined descriptive research

design as an appropriate choice when research aims to accurately and

systematically describes a population, situation, and, phenomenon. This

research design can use a wide variety of research methods in order to

investigate one or more variables.

For this purpose, a survey questionnaire will be design according to

specific questions stated in the study and analyzed statistically with

appropriate tools.

SUBJECT OF THE STUDY

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
For the researchers to effectively achieve its purpose the study

included learners in Itlugan Integrated National High School specifically 17

females and 21 males with the total of 38 respondents to achieve the goal of

research. The researchers purposively come up with the learners of Itlugan

Integrated National Highschool based on their level of experience, who were

determined involved and affected in the researchers study. In addition to this,

the reasearchers use up purposive sampling method in selecting the

respondents of the study. According to Kassiani Nikolopoulo (2022),

Purposive sampling refers to a group of non probability sampling techniques

in which units are selected because they have characteristics that you need in

your sample. In other words, units are selected “On purpose” in purposive

sampling. Also called judge mental sampling, this sampling method relies on

the researchers judgement when identifying and selecting the individuals,

cases or events that can provide the best information to achieve the study

object.

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

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After the validity of the questionnaire is established, the researchers

will create a letter of request to the students of Itlugan Integrated National

High School, requesting their permission for the administration of the

questionnaire to the respondents based on the schedule that was given to

them by the school heads or principals. With the permission granted by the

school principals, the copies of questionnaires were distributed among the

students during their free time. The students who will be responding to the

questionnaire will be given enough time to answer it. The researchers will

explain the direction and item to the participant to ensure the understanding

and correctness of the response. When the researcher finish administering

and collecting the questionnaires, the response will be tally and tabulated

according to the frequency of items answered by respondents. After that, a

data tabulation will be interpreted using statistical tools. The result will serve in

coming up with the conclusion and recommendation.

Statistical treatment of the data is essential in order to make the use of

data in the right form. Raw data collection is only one aspect of any

experiment; the organization of the data is equally important so that

appropriate conclusions can be drawn. To interpret the data effectively, the

researcher will employ the following statistical treatment. Pearson and

weighted mean test are the tools that will be used to interpret data. Pearson

R. This will be employed to determine if there is a significant in comparison

writing and the teaching strategies being utilized by the teachers. Weighted

Mean. This will be use to the students to have more improvements of waste

segregating and recycling.

Construction of Questionnaire
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The researchers constructed a survey questionnaire based from their

statement of the problem through the guidance of their statement of the

problem through the guidance of their subject teachers. The questionnaire

were constructed well after a rough revision of it.

Validation of the Questionnaire

After a rough time in constructing the questionnaire it undergone some

revisions and validation trough the help of teacher and research teacher for

them to administer their questionnaire.

Administration of Questionnaires

After the validation of questionnaires, the researchers administered

their survey questionnaires to their selected respondents. The researchers

gave them a sample time to answer the survey questionnaire for them to

gather necessary data needed.

Scoring
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The result were tallied and tabulated according to the frequency of item

check by the respondents. Thereafter, data the tabulated results were

interpreted using various statistical tools.

Score Range Verbal interpretation

1 3.50-4.00 Always

2 2.50-3.49 Often

3 1.50-2.49. Sometimes

4 1.00-1.49. Never

DATA ANALYSIS PLAN

The data collected were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted through

statistical treatment in order to gather necessary data and findings of the

study.

The following statistical tools were used in thus study.

Frequency- this was used to interpret the actual distribution of responses of

the respondents toward a particular question and the actual distribution of

profile of the respondents.

Percentage- this was used to get the profile variable of the respondents in

terms of the demographic profile of the respondents.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
To find out the distribution of the respondents according to the given criteria in

the statement of the problem the percentage formula that the researchers

use. The formula is as follows:

P= f/n × 100.

Where:

P-Percentage

f-frequency of Respondents

n-Total number of the Respondents

Weighted mean- this was used to measure the the Recycling Habits of

Select Students of Itlugan Integrated National High School in term of

practices, attitudes and behaviour be used to get the profile and their

significant. The formula below will be use:

Wm = Σfx/N

Where:

Wm-Weighted mean

f-frequency of Respondents

N- Total number of Respondents.

CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISTRIBUTION

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This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation

of data. This contains the textual and tabular presentation of data, quantitative

and qualitative analysis of data, and interpretation data in the light of relevant

literature.

PART I. The Demographic Profile of learners in terms of Sex, age, and

strand

1.1 Sex

Table 1

Demographic Profile of learners in terms of Sex

SEX Frequency Percentage

Female 14 46.66

Male 16 53.33

TOTAL 30 100

Table 1 shows the total number and percentage of the sex of the 30

respondents. Based on the table, 14 respondents are female with a

percentage of 46.66 percent, and 16 respondents are male with a percentage

of 53.33 percent with shows total of 100 percent.

Despite advances in gender equality, like women's increased

achievements in employment and higher education, labour markets in the

western world continue to be distinctly segregated by gender (England, 2010).

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
Although the gender segregation patterns at large appear stable, several

occupations have actually become less gender-segregated (England, 2010;

Jensberg, Mandal, & Solheim, 2012; Stainback & Tomaskovic-Devey, 2012).

These changes have primarily been driven by women moving into traditionally

male-dominated occupations and fields, and have therefore been

conceptualized as a ‘one-way street' (England, 2010): women, but not men,

are perceived to make non-traditional choices and cross gender boundaries.

To explain this, scholars highlight the devaluation of jobs, skills and attributes

culturally defined as feminine (England, 2010; Reskin & Roos, 1990). Women

simply have clear incentives to move into male-dominated fields and

occupations, and, while women gain from making gender-non-traditional

choices, men lose (England, 2010).

1.2 Age

Table 2

Profile of the Respondents in terms of Age

Age bracket Frequency Percentage

12-14 13 43.33

15-16 10 33.33

16-17 2 6.66

19-21 5 16.66

TOTAL 30 100

Table 2 shows the total number and percentage of the age range of 30

respondents. Based on the table, 13 of the respondent’s age range to 12 to

14 years old with a percentage of 43.33, 10 respondent’s age range to 15 to

16 years old with a percentage of 33.33, 2 of the respondent’s age range to

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
16 to 17 years old with a percentage of 6.66, 5 respondent’s age range to 19-

21 years old with a percentage of 16.66. The highest percentage in terms of

age was from 12-14 years old with 43.33 percent and the lowest was from 16

to 17 with 6.66 percent, with a total of 100 percent.

The eyes of a prospective cohort of 8,607 Chernobyl clean-up workers

(liquidators) were assessed for cataract at 12 and 14 years after exposure.

The prevalence of strictly age-related cataracts was low, as expected (only

3.9% had nuclear cataracts at either examination), since 90% of the cohort

was younger than 55 years of age at first examination. However, posterior

subcapsular or cortical cataracts characteristic of radiation exposure were

present in 25% of the subjects. The data for Stage 1 cataracts, and

specifically for posterior subcapsular cataracts, revealed a significant dose

response. When various cataract end points were analyzed for dose

thresholds, the confidence intervals all excluded values greater than 700

mGy. Linear-quadratic dose–response models yielded mostly linear

associations, with weak evidence of upward curvature. The findings do not

support the ICRP 60 risk guideline assumption of a 5-Gy threshold for

“detectable opacities” from protracted exposures but rather point to a dose–

effect threshold of under 1 Gy. Thus, given that cataract is the dose-limiting

ocular pathology in current eye risk guidelines, revision of the allowable

exposure of the human visual system to ionizing radiation should be

considered.

1.3 Strand

Profile of the Respondents in terms of Strand

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
TABLE 3

Strand Frequency Percentage

STEM 0 0

HUMSS 12 40

ABM 0 0

TVL 0 0

Total 12 100

Table 3 shows the total number of 12 respondents from senior high learners

based from the table 0 respondents from STEM learners with a percentage of

0 percent, 12 respondents are from HUMSS learners with a percentage of 40

percent, 0 respondents are from ABM learners with a percentage of 0

percent, 0 respondents from the TVL learners with a percentage of 0 percent,

with a total of 40 percent.

Environmental awareness and practices entail knowledge of

environmental problems such as climate pollution, deforestation, and

biodiversity loss, as well as understanding the interconnectedness of all living

things and the steps taken to reduce or mitigate adverse environmental

impacts. The earth is currently afflicted by several diseases brought on by

heinous human activities that constantly destroy the environment, making it

difficult for everyone to take the initiative and work towards a shared goal of

maintaining life on Earth (Rogayan & Nebrida, 2019.) The ecosystem itself

should be capable of maintaining nature's balance until human society

destroys its natural balancing capacity, eradicating many species of plants

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
and animals, with an expanding quantity of endangered species being

reported regularly by abusing its usefulness (Astalin, 2011). Individuals who

regard the natural environment as an unlimited resource consume it

randomly, causing the environmental balance to deteriorate (Onder, 2015).

Natural resources started to decline and vanish over time due to the rising

human population and changing consumer behavior (Nyika & Mwema, 2021).

As a result of industrialization, which places an unprecedented strain on the

environment beyond its capability, the evergrowing demands of humanity

have damaged the earth’s ecology. The reality of the sudden depletion of the

planet's natural resources and the quick degradation of the ecosystem, which

illustrate the catastrophic possibilities endangering both man and the earth,

cannot be disregarded (Marpa & Juele, 2016). Education has a significant

impact on changing behavior. It is critical in promoting environmental

stewardship and addressing environmental challenges. Including

environmental education in the curriculum at all school levels significantly

impact students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward environmental

protection (Raman, 2016). It is a dynamic field that quickly evolves by

providing information about people's responsibilities for safeguarding living

things in nature and offers a different perspective (Puri et al., 2021).

PART II: The recycling habits of select students in terms of practices,

attitudes and behaviour.

2.1 Practices

Table 4
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
The recycling habits of select students in terms of Practices

Weighte Verbal
STATEMENT d Mean Interpretation
1. I always separate my recyclables (e.g., 3.60 Strongly
paper, plastic, glass) from my regular waste.. Agree
2. I make an effort to recycle items even when 3.23 Agree
it's not convenient for me.
3.I am knowledgeable about what items can 2.90 Agree
and cannot be recycled in my area.
4. I prioritize purchasing products with minimal 2.87 Agree
or recyclable packaging.
5.I often encourage my friends or family 3.70 Strongly
members to recycle more. Agree
6. I regularly participate in community recycling 2.33 Disagree
programs or events.
7.I compost organic waste such as food scraps 2.97 Agree
and yard trimmings.
8. Overall, I believe that my recycling habits 2.97 Agree
positively contribute to environmental
sustainability.
9. I properly dispose of electronic waste (e- 3.07 Agree
waste) through designated recycling channels.
10.I actively seek out ways to recycle or .3.03 Agree
repurpose items that are not accepted in
regular curbside recycling.
Composite Mean 3.07 Agree

Table 4 shows that the highest weighted mean is statement 5 which

states that the respondents encourage their friends or family members to

recycle more, with a highest weighted mean of 3.70 with a verbal

interpretation of strongly agree. The lowest weighted mean is statement 6

which states that the respondents regularly participate in community recycling

programs or , events, with a weighted mean of 2.33, which is verbally

interpreted as Disagree. With a composite mean of 3.07 with a interpretation

of agree.
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
Four Illinois communities with different sociode-mographic

compositions and at various stages of planning for solid waste management

were surveyed to determine the influence of sociodemographic variables and

planning stages on the factors that motivate recycling behavior. A factor

analysis of importance ratings of reasons for recycling and for not recycling

yielded five factors interpreted as altruism, personal inconvenience, social

influences, economic incentives, and household storage. The four

communities were shown to be significantly different in multivariate analyses

of the five motivational factors. However, attempts to explain these community

differences with regression analyses, which predicted the motivational factors

with dummy codes for planning stages, a measure of self-reported recycling

behavior, and sociodemographic measures were unsatisfactory. Contrary to

expectation, the solid waste management planning stages of the cities

(curbside pickup, recycling dropoff center, and planning in progress)

contributed only very slightly to the prediction of motivational factors for

recycling. Community differences were better explained by different

underlying motivational structures among the four communities. Altruistic

reasons for recycling (e.g., conserving resources) composed the only factor

which was similar across the four communities. This factor was also perceived

to be the most important reason for recycling by respondents from all four

communities. The results of the study supported the notion that convenient,

voluntary recycling programs that rely on environmental concern and

conscience for motivation are useful approaches to reducing waste.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School

2.2 Attitudes

Table 5

The recycling habits of select students in terms of attitudes

Weighte Verbal
STATEMENT d Mean Interpretatio
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
n
1. I believe that recycling is an important 3.13 Agree
practice for protecting the environment.
2. I feel proud when I recycle and contribute to 3.17 Agree
reducing waste.
3.I think it's worth the effort to sort and separate 3.20 Agree
recyclables from regular trash.
4. I am motivated to recycle because I believe it 3.17 Agree
helps conserve natural resources.
5. I consider the environmental impact of my 3.77 Strongly
actions and choices, including recycling. Agree
6. I feel frustrated when I see others not 3.43 Agree
recycling properly or not recycling at all.
7. I am committed to improving my recycling 3.30 Agree
habits and learning more about sustainable
practices.
8. I believe that recycling can make a 3.33 Agree
significant difference in reducing pollution and
waste.
9. I feel a sense of responsibility to recycle 2.97 Agree
because it's the right thing to do for future
generations.
10.I am willing to go out of my way to recycle 3.57 Strongly
even if it requires extra effort or time. Agree
Composite Mean 3.30 Agree

Table 5 shows that the highest weighted mean is statement 5 which

states that the respondents consider the environmental impact of my actions

and choices, including recycling with a highest weighted mean of 3.77 with a

verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. The lowest weighted mean is

statement 9 which states that the respondent feel a sense of responsibility to

recycle because it's the right thing to do for future generations with a lowest

weighted mean of 2.97 with a verbal interpretation of agree. With a composite

mean of 3.30 with interpretation of agree.

The prediction and change of human behaviour impacting

environmental quality represents a priority issue in the current scientific,

political, and cultural agenda all over the world. As a consequence,

environmental psychological research has given increased attention to pro-

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
environmental (or ecological) behaviours over the last two decades (Bonnes,

Carrus, & Passafaro, 2006; Kaiser, 1998; Stern, 2000; Stern & Oskamp,

1987; Vining & Ebreo, 2002). Despite this increased concern, still there are

several psychological factors that have been not sufficiently addressed by

environment–behaviour studies in this field. Among these we can mention

variables such as emotions and past behaviour, that will be specifically in the

focus of this paper. In a recent review, Vining and Ebreo (2002) noted for

example how the role of emotions was largely ignored in conservation

behaviour studies, with only some exceptions (e.g., Grob, 1995; Smith,

Haugtvedt, & Petty, 1994; Vining, 1992).

2.3 Behaviour

Table 6

The recycling habits of select students in terms of behavior

Weighte Verbal
STATEMENT d Mean Interpretation
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
1. I consistently separate my recyclables from 3.80 Strongly
regular trash. Agree
2. I always make sure to rinse out containers 3.13 Agree
before recycling them.

3. I actively seek out recycling bins or centers 3.07 Agree

when disposing of recyclable items.
4. I regularly recycle paper products such as 3.73 Strongly
newspapers, magazines, and cardboard. Agree

5. I make an effort to recycle plastic bottles and 3.23 Agree

containers instead of throwing them in the trash.
6. I properly dispose of electronic waste (e-waste) 3.00 Agree
by recycling it through designated channels.
7. I compost organic waste like food scraps and 3.06 Agree
yard clippings instead of throwing them away.

8. I reduce waste by choosing products with 3.83 Strongly

minimal packaging or opting for reusable Agree
alternatives.

9. I actively participate in community recycling 3.33 Agree

programs or events, such as clean-ups or
electronics recycling drives.
10. I am diligent about properly disposing of items 3.03 Agree
that are not accepted in regular curbside
recycling, such as clothing, furniture, or
appliances.

Composite Mean 3.32 Agree

Table 6 shows the highest weighted mean is statement 8 which states

that the respondent reduce waste by choosing products with minimal

packaging or opting for reusable alternatives with a highest weighted mean of

3.83 with a verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. The lowest weighted

mean is statement 6 which states that the respondent properly dispose of

electronic waste (e-waste) by recycling it through designated channels with a

lowest weighted mean of 3.00 with a verbal interpretation of Agree, With a

composite mean of 3.32 with a verbal interpretation of Agree.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
Packaging has traditionally been associated with providing safety,

efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in a supply chain (Saghir, 2002). However,

with the rapid growth of e-commerce, parcel shipping, and express deliveries,

there is an increased generation of large amounts of post-consumer

packaging waste (Bershidsky, 2018; Lu, Yang, Liu, and Jia, 2020). Parcels in

e-commerce can get handled up to 20 times more than in traditional retail

(DHL, 2020) which exacerbates product “over-packaging” that uses multiple

packaging layers to facilitate product logistics. Unsurprisingly, there have

been calls for punitive measures to reduce packaging waste within such

delivery channels (Independent, 2019; The Hindu, 2019). Consequently, two

primary types of initiatives emerge for combined implementation and

improvement within the packaging systems for e-commerce. Firstly, the

adoption of returnable packaging systems in the supply chain provides the

scope for value recovery and waste reduction opportunities that can minimize

environmental damage (Silva, Renó, Sevegnani, Sevegnani, and Truzzi,

2013). Secondly, given that greening efforts in the supply chain depend on

channel differences, price competitions and different types of product

attributes (Zhu and He, 2017), the collaborative design of the product-

packaging physical system provides the scope for reducing packaging waste

generated. Detergent manufacturers have been exploring the increase in

product density and reduction in packaging weight with lesser plastic content

for the logistics of online orders (McKinseyandCo, 2020). Procter &

Gamble (P&G) shared its warehouse space with Amazon to hand over pallets

of goods for packaging and shipping, rather than arrange for their logistics to

one of the distribution centres of the e-commerce giant (Ng, 2013). The
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
implementation of these initiatives is not only innovative but calls for an

integrated understanding of the product-packaging-supply chain system.

Chapter V

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the findings, conclusions and recommendations.

SUMMARY
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
This study aimed to Investigate the Recycling Habits among select

students at Itlugan Integrated National High School. The study included 38

respondents.

Specifically, it gives answer, to following;

1.What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

2.1 Sex

2.2 Age and;

2.3 Strand?

2. What are the Recycling Habits of Select Students of Itlugan Integrated

National High School in term of;

2.1 Practices,

2.2 Attitudes; and

2.3 Behaviour?

3. Based on the finding of the study what sustainable solid waste

management may be propose?

FINDINGS

The study yielded the following findings

1. Demographic Profile of respondents

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
1.1 Sex. The majority of the respondents are male with 16 respondents with a

percentage of 53.33 percent and the lowest is female with 14 respondents

with a percentage of 46.66 percent, and with shows total of 100 percent.

1.2 Age. The majority of the respondents were from the age range of 12-14

with a percentage of 43.33 percent and the lowest were from the age range of

16-17 with the percentage of 6.66 percent with the total of 100 percent.

1.3 Strand. The majority of the respondents were from Humanities and Social

sciences strand with 12 respondents and a percentage of 40 percent with a

total of 100 percent.

2. What are the Recycling Habits of Select Students of Itlugan Integrated

National High School in term of Practices, Attitudes and Behaviour?

2.1 Practices. The respondents said that they encourage their friends or

family members to recycle more, with a highest weighted mean of 3.70, while

other respondents said that they regularly participate in community recycling

programs or , events, with a weighted mean of 2.33. With a composite mean

of 3.07 with a interpretation of agree.

2.2 Attitudes. The respondents said that they consider the environmental

impact of my actions and choices, including recycling with a highest weighted

mean of 3.77, while other respondents said that they feel a sense of

responsibility to recycle because it's the right thing to do for future generations

with a lowest weighted mean of 2.97. With a composite mean of 3.30 with

interpretation of agree.

2.3 Behavior. Th respondents said that they reduce waste by choosing

products with minimal packaging or opting for reusable alternatives with a

highest weighted mean of 3.83, while other respondents said that they
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
properly dispose of electronic waste (e-waste) by recycling it through

designated channels with a lowest weighted mean of 3.00. With a composite

mean of 3.32 with a verbal interpretation of Agree.

CONCLUSION

From the different findings of the study, the following are the conclusions

drawn.
 Itlugan Integrated National High School
1. Most of the respondents were centered to male, to the age range of 12-14

years old and from Humanities and Social Sciences students.

2. Generally, the respondents agreed to the recycling habits in terms of their

practices, attitudes, and behavior.

3. The proposed output is seminar will help to encourage more students to

actively participate in waste segregation and recycling.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the researchers

recommend the following measures.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
1. Teachers can provide solution and advice to every students who do not

know how to recycle and how to properly manage their wastes. The

data gathered can be used to improve the discipline of the student in

recycling and managing their wastes.

2. School development that will make the school environment more clean,

organized and pleasing to the eyes.

3. The future researchers can use the data that are gathered and fill the

gap of the study, this will help them to build on the discoveries and

investigate more study issues with waste management issues and

students recycling habits.

 Itlugan Integrated National High School
REFERENCES

Bibliography

A. BOOKS

B. UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS

C.JOURNALS

D. ELECTRONIC REFERENCES
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Itlugan Integrated National High School

CURRICULUM

VITAE
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APPENDICES