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Present Perfect

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49 views17 pages

Present Perfect

Uploaded by

Andrea Anaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Exposiciones de lideres

1.Introducción
The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect
aspect used to express a past event that has present consequences. The term is particularly
used in the context of English grammar to refer to forms such as "I have finished".

 there are two tenses in English: past and present.


 the present tense is used to talk about the present and to talk about the future.
 There are four present tense forms:
 Present Perfect
 Past Perfect
 Present Perfect Continuous/progressive

2. Present Perfect

Explanation
It is one of the main verb tenses in English and is characterized by pointing out
actions or events that happened in the past tense, but are still relevant in the present.
Although it never speaks of a specific tense, the most important feature of its use is to
highlight the time that elapses in the action and what purpose it has served in that
time span.

Structure
Like all verb tenses, the present perfect has three structures: affirmative, negative
and interrogative. Below we will show how each of them is ordered and composed,
with some clear and simple examples.

Affirmative:

Negative:
Interrogative:

Functionality
There are 5 main functions for the use of the present perfect in English:
1. when the action started in the past and continues in the present.
2. When the time in which the action takes place has not ended
3. When the action is constantly or regularly repeated over time
4. The action was recently concluded.

5. Time at which the action was performed is not relevant.

The importance of adverbs in the present perfect tense


In some cases, adverbs of time such as already, yet, just, are ideal to complement and
emphasize when the action happened.
Let's see some examples to clarify their use:
still" is placed before the main verb or after the auxiliary verb, similar to "already". However,
"still" can also be used with other verb tenses. Examples: Present Simple: She still lives in
her hometown.
Already = Ya
Has he already finished the lesson? = ¿Ya terminó la lección?

Yet = Todavía / Ya
I have not won any championship yet = Todavía no he ganado ningún campeonato
Just = Apenas
She has just made the bed? = Ella apenas acaba de hacer la cama

How long = Cuánto tiempo, cuánto tiempo hace que


How long have we been waiting? = ¿Cuánto tiempo hemos esperado?

3. Past Perfect

Explanation
There are several ways of expressing the past and how actions happened. In English, the
past perfect (sometimes also known as past perfect simple) is one of them. This verb tense
is widely used in everyday conversations as well as in publications and academic papers. So
using it correctly will expand your possibilities of expression.
Structure

Affirmative:
Subject + auxiliary had + verb in past tense + complement

Negative
Subject + auxiliary had + not + verb in past tense + complement
Interrogative structure
Auxiliary had + subject + past tense verb + complement ?
When is the past perfect used?

Below you will find the five uses of the past perfect.

1. The past perfect is used to refer to an action that occurred in the past before another
action. In this case, the first action is conjugated in past perfect, while the second,
more recent action is conjugated in past simple. For example:

• I had watched the movie before I read the book.

2. It serves to talk about an action that occurred before a specific time in the past. For
example:

• I had fallen asleep when the clock rang at 11 PM.

3. It is used to talk about actions that started in the past and continued up to a specific
time also in the past. For example:

• I had been happy in all my jobs until I got this one.

4. It is useful for indirect report in order to reuse what a person said when he or she
spoke in the present perfect tense. For example:

• I have started a new degree →She said she had started a new degree.

4. Present Perfect Continuos/Progressive

Explanation

The present perfect continuous or present perfect progressive can be one of the most difficult verb
tenses. However, its good use allows us to express actions of different time ranges than other types
of present tense, so it is very useful in conversations about activities that are in progress.

structure
Affirmative:
Negative:
Interrogative:
When to use the present perfect
continuous?

There are two main scenarios in which this verb tense can be used:
Actions that started in the past and continue in the present

Example: I have been looking for a job for three months now.
Actions that began and ended in the past but whose results continue into the present
Example: Have you had a haircut?
Thanks to these two functions, this tense is used for emphasis:

The time an action took:


Example: You have been making that sandwich all morning:
The action on the result:
Example: The neighbors have been making a lot of noise since yesterday!
For and since
As you may have noticed in the previous examples, there are two elements that help form
the complements of this verb tense: for (preposition) and since (adverb). Here you can see
how they work to establish time parameters.
For (por): Helps to refer to a period of time, for example, years or days.
Example: I have been waiting for that delivery for six months!
Since (desde) : Helps determine the exact date of the beginning of the action.
Example: The Rolling Stones have been making music together since 1962.
5. Conclusion

 We have reviewed the main characteristics of the present tense and its different
tenses:

✓ Its forms: Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative.

✓ When it is used: talking about habits, routines or events that are repeated in specific
time spans.
The next step will be to practice these forms to exercise their use.

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