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held across India. India.

Absolute
JEE (Main)

Mathematics

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Salient Features
 Precise theory for every topic.

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 Exhaustive subtopic wise coverage of MCQs.
 ‘3850’ MCQs including questions from various competitive exams.
 ‘94’ Numerical Value Type (NVT) questions including selected questions from previous
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JEE examinations.
 Includes selective solved MCQs of JEE (Main) from year 2014 to 2020.
 Neat, labelled and authentic diagrams.
 Hints provided wherever relevant.
 Additional information relevant to the concepts.
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 Simple and lucid language.

 Topic-wise test provided at the end of each chapter.
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 Includes JEE (Main) - 2021 [24th February, 16th March (Shift - I)] Question Papers and
Answer Keys with solutions provided in Q.R. Code form.
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Scan the adjacent Q.R. Code or visit www.targetpublications.org/tp1543

to access solutions/hints to Topic Test.
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 PREFACE
Target’s “Absolute Mathematics Vol. II” has been compiled according to the notified syllabus for
JEE (Main), which in turn has been framed after reviewing various national syllabi.
The book comprises comprehensive coverage of Theoretical Concepts and Multiple Choice Questions.
In the development of each chapter we have ensured the inclusion of unique points represented as
‘Important Note’, Formulae and Shortcuts for the benefit of students.
All the questions included in a chapter have been specially created and compiled to enable students solve
complex problems which require strenuous effort with promptness.

The level of difficulty of the questions is at par with that of various competitive examinations like JEE
(Main), AIEEE, EAMCET, BCECE & the likes. Also to keep students updated, questions from most
recent examinations such as MHT CET, Karnataka CET, EAMCET, WB JEE, BCECE, JEE (Main), etc.

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are covered.

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Topic Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level of preparation of the student on
a competitive level.
JEE (Main) 2021 [24th February, 16th March (Shift - I)] Question Papers and Answer Keys have been
provided to offer students glimpse of the complexity of questions asked in entrance examination. The
paper has been provided in a topic wise flow to let the students know which of the units were more

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relevant in the latest examination.
This edition of “Absolute Mathematics Vol. II” has been conceptualized with absolute focus on the
assistance students would require answering tricky questions and would give them an edge over the
competition.
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We hope the book benefits the learner as we have envisioned.
A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops.

All the best to all Aspirants!

- Publisher
e

Edition: Second
pl
m
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Disclaimer
This reference book is based on the JEE (Main) syllabus prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). We the publishers are making this reference book which
constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and
reproduce the same in examinations.

This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). Every care has been taken in the publication of
this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused to any person on account of errors
or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book.

© reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.

No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of students.
 KEY FEATURES

Important Notes
Important Highlights the unique points about the
Notes topic

Shortcuts

‘Shortcuts’ help students to save

time while dealing with lengthy Shortcuts

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questions.

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Formulae

‘Formulae’ section for each chapter

Formulae according to its relevance for quick
revision.

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Subtopic-wise Segregation
of MCQs
Subtopic-wise
Questions segregated based on
Segregation
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subtopics in each chapter. of MCQs
Questions from various
competitive exams
Questions To ensure students are well prepared,
from various questions from various competitive
competitive
exams are covered exclusively.
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Topic Test exams

‘Topic Test’ covers questions from

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the chapter for self-evaluation purpose.

Topic Test
This is our attempt to offer students
with revision and help them assess
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their knowledge of each chapter. QR code

‘QR code’ provides solutions to Topic

Q.R. Test of each chapter, JEE (Main) 2021
Codes
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24th February, 16th March (Shift - I)

papers.
 CONTENTS

No. Topic Name Page No.

1 Matrices and Determinants 1

2 Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 127

3 Integral Calculus 370

4 Differential Equations 576

5 Vector Algebra 655

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6 Three Dimensional Geometry 734

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7 Statistics and Probability 806

8 Mathematical Reasoning 908

Numerical Value Type Questions 924

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JEE (Main) 2021 : Question Paper & Answer Key
936
24th February (Shift – I)
JEE (Main) 2021 : Question Paper & Answer Key
Co
938
16th March (Shift – I)

Increase your score in JEE mains by Practicing more Integer type (NVT) questions.
Scan the adjacent QR Code to know more about our "JEE Main Numerical Value Type
e

Questions (NVT)" Book.

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m
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 6 Three Dimensional Geometry

6.1 Co-ordinates of a point in space, Distance 6.3 Equations of a plane in different forms
between two points, Section formula, 6.4 Intersection of a line and a plane, Coplanar
Direction ratios and cosines lines
6.2 Equations of a line, Angle between two
intersecting lines, Skew lines (the shortest
distance between them and its equation)

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1. Co-ordinates of a point in space:
In the adjoining figure, O is the origin. OX, OY and OZ are three
Z
mutually perpendicular lines which are also known as X-axis, Y-axis and R(0, 0, z)
Z-axis respectively. Let A be any point in space. Through A we draw T
three planes which are parallel to the co-ordinate planes to meet the axes
U

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at P, Q and R. The planes XOY, YOZ and ZOX are known as A(x, y, z)
XY-plane, YZ-plane, XZ-plane respectively. O Y
Q (0, y, 0)
Also, OP = x, OQ = y, OR = z
These three real numbers taken in this order determined by the point A X P (x, 0, 0) S
are called the cartesian co-ordinates of the point A written as (x, y, z).
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x, y, z are positive or negative accordingly as they are measured along
positive or negative directions of the co-ordinate axes.
The three co-ordinate planes (XOY, YOZ and ZOX) divide space into eight parts, each part is called an
octant.
Signs of co-ordinates of a point A(x, y, z) in different octants.
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Octant O-XYZ O-X′YZ O-XY′Z O-X′Y′Z
(x, y, z) (+, +, +) (−, +, +) (+, −, +) (−, −, +)
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Octant O-XYZ′ O-X′YZ′ O-XY′Z′ O-X′Y′Z′

(x, y, z) (+, +, −) (−, +, −) (+, −, −) (−, −, −)
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Important Note
The co-ordinates of any point in XY plane, YZ plane and ZX plane are given by (x, y, 0), (0, y, z),
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
(x, 0, z) respectively.

2. Distance between two points in space:

i. Distance formula:
The distance between two points A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) in space is given by
AB = ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 + (z 2 − z 1 )2

ii. Distance from origin:

Let O ≡ (0, 0, 0) be the origin and P(x, y, z) be any point. Then OP = ( x − 0) 2 + ( y − 0) 2 + (z − 0) 2

∴ OP = x2 + y2 + z2

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Chapter 6: Three Dimensional Geometry

iii. Distance of a point from co-ordinate axes: Z
Let P(x, y, z) be any point in the space. Let PA, PB and PC be the
perpendiculars drawn from P to the axes OX, OY and OZ respectively. (0, 0, z) C
P(x, y, z)
The distance of a point P(x, y, z) from X-axis is PA = y 2 + z 2 .
The distance of a point P(x, y, z) from Y-axis is PB = x2 + z2 . A(x, 0, 0)
O X
The distance of a point P(x, y, z) from Z-axis is PC = 2
x +y . 2 (0, y, 0)B
Y N
3. Section formulae:
Internal Division: The co-ordinates of a point P ≡ (x, y, z) which divides the join of (x1, y1, z1) and
(x2, y2, z2) internally in the ratio m : n are

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 mx2 + nx1 my2 + ny1 mz 2 + nz 1 
 m + n , m + n , m + n  , where m + n ≠ 0

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 
eg.
Find the co-ordinates of a point P which divides the line joining the points (2, 4, 5) and (3, 5, −4) internally
in the ratio −2 : 3.
 −2(3) + 3(2) −2(5) + 3(4) −2(−4) + 3(5) 

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Solution: P ≡  , , 
 −2 + 3 −2 + 3 −2 + 3 
∴ P ≡ (0, 2, 23)
∴ the co-ordinates of point P are (0, 2, 23).
External Division:
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The co-ordinates of a point P ≡ (x, y, z) which divides the join of (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) externally in the
ratio m : n are
 mx2 − nx1 my2 − ny1 mz 2 − nz 1 
 m − n , m − n , m − n  , where m − n ≠ 0
 
eg.
Find the co-ordinates of the point M which divides the line joining the points (−2, 4, 7) and (3, −5, 8)
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externally in the ratio 2 : 3.

 2(3) − 3(−2) 2(−5) − 3(4) 2(8) − 3(7) 
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Solution: M ≡  , , 
 2−3 2−3 2−3 
∴ M ≡ ( −12, 22, 5)
∴ the co-ordinates of point M are (−12, 22, 5).
m

4. Centroid of a Triangle:
If G is the centroid of the triangle with vertices A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) and C(x3, y3, z3), then
 x + x2 + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 z 1 + z 2 + z 3 
G≡  1 , , 
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 3 3 3 
eg.
Find the co-ordinates of centroid of the triangle whose vertices are (2, −4, 3) , (3, −1, −2) and (−2, 5, 8).
Solution: If G is the centroid of the triangle,
 2 + 3 − 2 −4 − 1 + 5 3 − 2 + 8 
then G ≡  , , 
 3 3 3 
∴ G ≡ (1, 0, 3)
∴ the co-ordinates of centroid of the triangle is (1, 0, 3).
5. Centroid of a Tetrahedron:
If T is the centroid of the tetrahedron with vertices A(x1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2, z2), C(x3, y3, z3) and D(x4, y4, z4), then
 x + x2 + x3 + x4 y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 z 1 + z 2 + z 3 + z 4 
T≡  1 , , 
 4 4 4 

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 

Absolute Maths Vol - II (Engg.)

eg.
Find the co-ordinates of centroid of the tetrahedron whose vertices are (2, −1, 3), (−1, 3, 1), (3, 4, −2), (4, 6, 2).
Solution: If T is the centroid of the tetrahedron, then
 2 − 1 + 3 + 4 −1 + 3 + 4 + 6 3 + 1 − 2 + 2 
T≡  , , 
 4 4 4 
∴ T ≡ (2, 3, 1)
∴ the co-ordinates of centroid of the tetrahedron are (2, 3, 1).
6. Condition of collinearity:
x1 − x2 y1 − y2 z1 − z 2
Points A(x1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2, z2) and C(x3, y3, z3) are collinear, if = =
x2 − x3 y2 − y3 z2 − z3

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eg.

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Show that the points A(5, 5, 10), B(−1, 3, 2) and C(−4, 2, −2) are collinear.
Solution: For the given points to be collinear,
5 − (−1) 5 − 3 10 − 2
= =
−1 − (−4) 3 − 2 2 − (−2)
6 2 8

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∴ = =
3 1 4
∴ the direction ratios are in same proportion.
∴ the given points A, B and C are collinear. Z
7. Direction Cosines:
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If α, β, γ are the angles which a given directed line OP
makes with the positive directions of the X, Y and Z-axis B
respectively, then cos α, cos β, cos γ are called the direction A
γ L
cosines of the line L and are generally denoted by l, m, n P(x, y, z)
respectively β
Y
∴ l = cos α, m = cos β and n = cos γ O
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α
Here, α, β, γ are called the direction angles of the line L. L′
Also, 0° ≤ α < 180°, 0° ≤ β < 180°, 0° ≤ γ < 180°
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X
eg.
Find the direction cosines of a line that makes an angle of 45°, 60° and 120° with the co-ordinate axes.
Solution: Let α, β, γ be the angles made by a line with co-ordinate axes.
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∴ α = 45°, β = 60°, γ = 120°

1 1 1
∴ the direction cosines are cos 45°, cos 60°, cos 120° i.e., , ,−
2 2 2
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Relation between direction cosines of a line:

If l, m, n are the direction cosines of a line, then l2 + m2 + n2 = 1.

Important Notes
 Parallel lines have the same direction cosines.
 The direction cosines of a line are unique.

8. Direction Ratios:
l m n
If a, b, c are real numbers and l, m, n are direction cosines of a line such that = = , then a, b, c are
a b c
called the direction ratios or direction numbers of the line.
If P(x1, y1,z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2), then the direction ratios of the line PQ are x2 − x1, y2 − y1, z2 − z1.
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 Page no. 737 to 746 are purposely left blank.

To see complete chapter buy Target Notes or Target E‐Notes

 

Chapter 6: Three Dimensional Geometry

eg.
x −1 y − 2 z +1
Find the angle between the line = = and the plane 2x + y − z = 4.
1 −1 1
Solution: The angle θ between the line and the plane is given by
aa1 + bb1 + cc1
sin θ =
a + b + c 2 ⋅ a12 + b12 + c12
2 2

2(1) + 1(−1) − 1(1)

⇒ sin θ =
2 + 1 + (−1) 2 ⋅ 12 + (−1) 2 + 12
2 2

⇒ sin θ = 0

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⇒θ=0

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Formulae

1. The distance between two points A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) in space is given by
AB = ( x2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y2 − y1 ) 2 + (z 2 − z1 ) 2 .

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2. i. The distance of a point P(x, y, z) from the origin is x2 + y 2 + z2 .
ii. The distance of a point (x, y, z) from X-axis is y 2 + z2 .
iii. The distance of a point (x, y, z) from Y-axis is x2 + z2 .
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iv. The distance of a point (x, y, z) from Z-axis is x2 + y 2 .

3. The co-ordinates of a point P ≡ (x, y, z) which divides the join of (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) internally in the
 mx + nx1 my2 + ny1 mz 2 + nz1 
ratio m : n are  2 , ,  , where m + n ≠ 0
 m+n m+n m+n 
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4. The co-ordinates of a point P ≡ (x, y, z) which divides the join of (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) externally in the
 mx − nx1 my2 − ny1 mz 2 − nz1 
ratio m : n are  2 , ,  , where m − n ≠ 0
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 m−n m−n m−n 

5. If G is the centroid of the triangle with vertices A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) and C(x3, y3, z3), then
 x + x + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 z1 + z 2 + z 3 
m

G≡  1 2 , , 
 3 3 3 
6. If T is the centroid of the tetrahedron with vertices A(x1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2, z2), C(x3, y3, z3) and D(x4, y4, z4),
 x + x + x3 + x4 y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 z1 + z 2 + z 3 + z 4 
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then T ≡  1 2 , , 
 4 4 4 
7. The line segment joining P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) is divided by
i. YZ-plane in the ratio − x1 : x2 ii. ZX-plane in the ratio − y1 : y2
iii. XY-plane in the ratio − z1 : z2
8. The direction ratios of a line joining the points P(x1, y1, z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) is x2 − x1, y2 − y1 and z2 − z1.
→
9. If l, m, n are direction cosines of a vector r , then
→ →
i. ˆ ⇒ r̂ =lˆi + mjˆ + nkˆ
r = r (lˆi + mjˆ + nk) ii. l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
→ → → →
iii. Projections of r on the co-ordinate axes are l r , m r , n r .

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Absolute Maths Vol - II (Engg.)

10. Projection of a line obtained by joining two given points to another line whose direction cosines are l, m, n
is given by |l(x2 − x1) + m(y2 − y1) + n(z2 − z1)|.
→ → → →
The equation of a line passing through the point A  a  and parallel to the vector b is r = a + λ b, where λ is
→
11.
 
a scalar.
12. The equation of a line passing through the point (x1, y1, z1) and having direction ratios a, b, c is
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= = .
a b c
→ → →
The equation of a line passing through the point A  a  and B  b  is r= (1 − λ) a + λ b, where λ is a scalar.
→ →
13.

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   

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x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
14. The equation of a line passing through the points A(x1, y1, z1) and B(x2, y2, z2) is = = .
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z 2 − z1

15. The length of perpendicular of the point → → → →

P  α  from the line r = a + λ b is given by
 

nt
2
 → → → 
→ → 2   a − a  .b 
a − a −  →   .
 b 
 
Co
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
16. The length of perpendicular from the point P(a, b, c) to the line = = is given by
l m n
( a − x1 )2 + ( b − y1 )2 + ( c − z1 )2  − ( a − x1 ) l + ( b − y1 ) m + ( c − z1 ) n  2 , where l, m, n are the direction
   
cosines of the line.
e
→ →
→ → → → → → b1 ⋅ b 2
17. The angle θ between the two lines r= a 1 + λ b 1 and r 2= a 2 + µ b 2 is given by cos θ = .
pl

→ →
b1 b 2

18. The angle θ between the lines whose direction ratios are a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 is given by
m

a1a 2 + b1b 2 + c1c2

cos θ =
a + b12 + c12 a 22 + b 22 + c22
2
1

→ → → → → →
Sa

19. The shortest distance between the lines r = a1 + λ b1 and r = a 2 + λ b 2 is given by

→ →   → →
 b1 × b 2  .  a 2 − a1 
d=  →

→

b1 × b 2

x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x − x2 y − y2 z − z 2
20. The shortest distance between the lines = = and = = is
l1 m1 n1 l2 m2 n2
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z 2 − z1
l1 m1 n1
l2 m2 n2
d=
(m1n 2 − m 2 n1 ) 2 + (l2 n1 − l1n 2 ) 2 + (l1m 2 − l2 m1 ) 2

748
 

Chapter 6: Three Dimensional Geometry

→
21. The vector equation of a plane in normal form is r ⋅ nˆ = p , where n̂ is the unit vector along the normal and p
is the length of perpendicular from the origin to the plane.
22. If l, m, n are direction cosines of the normal to the given plane which is at a distance p from the origin, then
the equation of the plane is lx + my + nz = p.
→
23. The vector equation of a plane passing through the point having position vector a and perpendicular to a
→
→ → → → → → →
0 or r ⋅ n =a ⋅ n .
non-zero vector n is  r − a  ⋅ n =
 

24. The cartesian equation of a plane passing through the point (x1, y1, z1) and perpendicular to the line, whose

t
direction ratios are a, b, c is given by a(x − x1) + b(y − y1) + c(z − z1) = 0.

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x y z
25. If the plane cuts the intercepts of length a, b, c on co-ordinate axes, then its equation is + + =1.
a b c
→ → → → →
26. The equation of a plane passing through the intersection of the planes r ⋅ n1 =
d1 and r ⋅ n 2 =
d 2 is

nt
→
→ →

r ⋅  n1 + λ n 2  = d1 + λd2, where λ is a constant.
 

27. The equation of a plane passing through the intersection of the planes a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and
Co
a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is (a1x + b1y + c1z + d1) + λ( a2x + b2y + c2z + d2) = 0, where λ is a constant.

The equation of a plane passing through the three non-collinear points A  a  , B  b  and C  c  is
→ → →
28.
     
→   →  
(
r ⋅ AB × AC = )
a ⋅ AB × AC .( )
e
29. The equation of a plane passing through the three non-collinear points A(x1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2, z2) and
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
pl

C(x3, y3, z3) is x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z 2 − z1 = 0.

x3 − x1 y3 − y1 z 3 − z1
m

→ → → → →
30. If the line r = a + λ b lies in the plane r ⋅ n =
d , then
→ → → →
i. b⋅ n =
0 ii. a⋅ n =
d.
Sa

x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
31. If the line = = lies in the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0, then
l m n
i. ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d = 0 ii. al + bm + cn = 0
→ →
→ → → → n1 ⋅ n 2
32. The angle θ between the planes r ⋅ n1 =
p1 and r ⋅ n 2 =
p 2 is given by cos θ = → →
, where θ is the acute
n1 ⋅ n 2
angle between the planes.

33. The angle θ between the planes a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is given by
a1a 2 + b1b 2 + c1c 2
cos θ = , where θ is the acute angle between the planes.
a12 + b12 + c12 a 2 2 + b 2 2 + c 2 2

749
 

Absolute Maths Vol - II (Engg.)

→ →
a⋅ n− d
The perpendicular distance from a point P ( a ) to the plane
→ → →
34. r⋅ n =d is given by p = →
n
35. The perpendicular distance from a point P(x1, y1, z1) to the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is given by
ax + by1 + cz1 + d
p= 1
a 2 + b2 + c2

x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x − x2 y − y2 z − z 2
36. If the lines = = and = = are coplanar, then
l1 m1 n1 l2 m2 n2

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x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z 2 − z1

en
l1 m1 n1 = 0 and the equation of the plane containing them is given by
l2 m2 n2
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x − x2 y − y2 z − z2
l1 m1 n1 = 0 or l1 m1 n1 = 0 .

nt
l2 m2 n2 l2 m2 n2
→ →
→ → → → → b⋅ n
37. The angle θ between the line r = a + λ b and the plane r ⋅ n =p is given by sin θ =
Co →
b⋅n
→

x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
38. The angle θ between the line = = and the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is given by
a1 b1 c1
aa1 + bb1 + cc1
sin θ = .
a + b + c 2 ⋅ a12 + b12 + c12
2 2
e

Shortcuts
pl

1
1. An angle between two diagonals of a cube is cos−1   .
3
m

 1 1 1 
2. Any vector equally inclined to all the three axes have direction cosines as  ± ,± ,± .
 3 3 3

3. The number of lines which are equally inclined to the co-ordinate axes is 4.
Sa

4. The equation of the plane whose intercepts are k times the intercepts made by the plane
Ax + By + Cz + D = 0, D ≠ 0 is Ax + By + Cz + kD = 0.
5. Equation of the plane mid-parallel to the planes Ax + By + Cz + D1 = 0 and Ax + By + Cz + D2 = 0 is
D + D2
Ax + By + Cz + 1 = 0.
2

D1 − D 2
6. Distance between parallel planes Ax + By + Cz + D1 = 0 and Ax + By + Cz + D2 = 0 is .
A 2 + B2 + C 2

1
7. If l, m, n are the direction cosines of a line, then the maximum value of lmn = .
3 3
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Chapter 6: Three Dimensional Geometry

 2
8. The angle between a diagonal of a cube and the diagonal of a faces of the cube is cos−1  .
 3
4
9. If a straight line makes angles α, β, γ, δ with the diagonals of a cube, then cos2α + cos2β + cos2γ + cos2δ = .
3
10. The equation of the plane passing through points (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), (x3, y3, z3) such that
x1 + y1 + z1 = x2 + y2 + z2 = x3 + y3 + z3 = k(say) is x + y + z = k.
11. If a plane meets the co-ordinate axes in A, B, C such that the centroid of the triangle ABC is the point
x y z
(p, q, r), then the equation of the plane is + + =3.
p q r

t
12. A variable plane is at a constant distance p from the origin and meets the axes in A, B and C. The locus of

en
the centroid of the triangle ABC is x−2 + y−2 + z−2 = 9p−2.

Multiple Choice Questions 7. Distance between the points (1, 3, 2) and

(2, 1, 3) is [MP PET 1988]
6.1 Co-ordinates of a point in (A) 12 (B) 12 (C) 6 (D) 6

nt
space, Distance between two
8. If the extremities of the diagonal of a square are
points, Section formula,
(1, −2, 3) and (2, −3, 5), then the length of the
Direction ratios and cosines
side is
1. For every point (x, y, z) on the X-axis
Co (A) 6 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 7
(A) x = 0 (B) y = 0 9. If the sum of the squares of the distance of a
(C) x = 0, y = 0 (D) y = 0, z = 0 point from the three co-ordinate axes be 36,
2. The shortest distance of the point (a, b, c) from then its distance from the origin is
the X-axis is (A) 6 (B) 3 2
(C) 2 3 (D) none of these
e
(A) (a 2 + b 2 ) (B) (b 2 + c 2 )
(C) (c 2 + a 2 ) (D) (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) 10. Points (1, 1, 1), (–2, 4, 1), (–1, 5, 5) and (2, 2, 5)
are the vertices of a
pl

3. The distance of the point (4, 3, 5) from the (A) rectangle (B) square
Y-axis is [MP PET 2003] (C) parallelogram (D) trapezium
(A) 34 (B) 5 (C) 41 (D) 15 11. The points A(5, −1, 1), B(7, −4, 7), C(1, −6, 10)
m

4. Distance of the point (1, 2, 3) from the and D(−1, −3, 4) are vertices of a
co-ordinate axes are [RPET 2000]
(A) square (B) rhombus
(A) 13, 10, 5 (B) 13, 10, 5
(C) rectangle (D) none of these
Sa

1 1 1
(C) 3, 13, 10 (D) , , 12. If the points (0, 1, 2), (2, –1, 3) and (1, –3, 1) are
13 10 5
the vertices of a triangle, then the triangle is
5. From which of the following the distance of the (A) right angled
point (1, 2, 3) is 10 ? (B) isosceles right angled
(A) Origin (B) X-axis (C) equilateral
(C) Y-axis (D) Z-axis (D) none of these
13. The triangle formed by the points (0, 7, 10),
6. If A(1, 2, 3), B(−1, −1, −1) be the points, then
(–1, 6, 6), (– 4, 9, 6) is [RPET 2001]
the distance AB is
(A) equilateral
[MP PET 2001; Pb. CET 2001]
(B) isosceles
(A) 5 (B) 21 (C) right angled
(C) 29 (D) None of these (D) right angled isosceles
751
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Absolute Maths Vol - II (Engg.)

14. The point equidistant from the points O(0, 0, 0), (A) 3 : 5 internally (B) 5 : 3 externally
A(a, 0, 0), B(0, b, 0) and C(0, 0, c) has the (C) 3 : 5 externally (D) 5 : 3 internally
co-ordinates 23. The plane XOZ divides the join of (1, −1, 5) and
a b c (2, 3, 4) in the ratio λ : 1, then λ is
(A) (a, b, c) (B)  , , 
2 2 2 1 1
(A) –3 (B) 3 (C) − (D)
a b c a b c 3 3
(C)  , ,  (D)  , , 
 3 3 3 4 4 4 24. If the points A(9, 8, −10), B(3, 2, −4), and
C(5, 4, −6) be collinear, then the point C divides
15. The point in XY-plane which is equidistant
the line AB in the ratio
from three points A(2, 0, 3), B(0, 3, 2) and
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 3 : 1 (C) 1 : 2 (D) –1 : 2
C(0, 0, 1) has the co-ordinates

t
(A) (2, 0, 8) (B) (0, 3, 1) 25. If P(x, y, z) is a point on the line segment joining
(C) (3, 2, 0) (D) (3, 2, 1) Q(2, 2, 4) and R(3, 5, 6) such that projections of

en
→ 13 19 26
16. For every point P(x, y, z) on the XY-plane, OP on the axes are , , respectively,
(A) x = 0 (B) y = 0 5 5 5
(C) z = 0 (D) none of these then P divides QR in the ratio
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 3 : 2
17. The point dividing the line joining the points (C) 2 : 3 (D) 3 : 1

nt
(1, 2, 3) and (3, −5, 6) in the ratio 3 : −5 is 26. If x-coordinate of a point P of line joining the
 −25 3   25 −3  points Q(2, 2, 1) and R(5, 2, −2) is 4, then the
(A)  2, ,  (B)  −2, , 
 2 2   2 2  z-coordinate of P is [RPET 2000]
(A) –2 (B) –1 (C) 1 (D) 2
 25 3 
(C)  2, , 
Co
(D) none of these
 2 2 27. Let P(2, −1, 4) and Q(4, 3, 2) be two points, and
a point R on PQ is such that 3PQ = 5QR, then
18. If A(1, 2, −1) and B(−1, 0, 1) are given, then the the co-ordinates of R are
co-ordinates of P which divides AB externally in  14 3 16   16 7 14 
the ratio 1 : 2 are [MP PET 1989] (A)  , ,  (B)  , , 
(A) (1, 4, −1) (B) (3, 4, –3)  5 5 5  5 5 5
e
(C) (3, 4, 1) (D) none of these  11 1 13 
(C)  , ,  (D) none of these
19. The co-ordinates of the point which divides the 4 2 4
pl

join of the points (2, –1, 3) and (4, 3, 1) in the 28. Let A(2, −1, 4) and B(0, 2, −3) be two points
ratio 3 : 4 internally are given by and C be a point on AB produced such that
[MP PET 1997] 2AC = 3AB, then the co-ordinates of C are
2 20 10 15 20 3 1 5 5  1 7 13 
m

(A) , , (B) , , (A)  , , −  (B)  − , , − 

7 7 7 7 7 7 2 4 4  2 4 4
10 15 2 20 5 15  7 −13 
(C) , , (D) , , (C) (6, −7, 18) (D)  −1, , 
7 7 7 7 7 7  2 2 
Sa

20. XY-plane divides the line joining the points 29. If the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are
(2, 4, 5) and (–4, 3, –2) in the ratio (a, 1, 3), (–2, b, –5) and (4, 7, c) be the origin,
[MP PET 1988] then the values of a, b, c are
(A) 3 : 5 (B) 5 : 2 (A) –2, –8, –2 (B) 2, 8, –2
(C) 1 : 3 (D) 3 : 4 (C) –2, –8, 2 (D) 7, –1, 0
21. XOZ plane divides the join of (2, 3, 1) and 30. If centroid of the tetrahedron OABC, where
(6, 7, 1) in the ratio [EAMCET 2003] A, B, C are given by (a, 2, 3),(1, b, 2) and
(A) 3 : 7 (B) 2 : 7 (2, 1, c) respectively be (1, 2, –1), then distance
(C) –3 : 7 (D) –2 : 7 of P(a, b, c) from origin is equal to
(A) 107 (B) 14
22. The ratio in which the line joining the points
(1, 2, 3) and (−3, 4, −5) is divided by the 107
(C) (D) None of these
XY-plane, is 14
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Chapter 6: Three Dimensional Geometry

31. If the points (–1, 3, 2), (–4, 2, –2) and (5, 5, λ) 39. The direction cosines of the line passing
are collinear, then λ = through P(2, 3, −1) and the origin are
(A) –10 (B) 5 (C) –5 (D) 10 2 3 1
(A) , ,
32. Which of the following set of points are 14 14 14
non- collinear? [MP PET 1990] 2 3 1
(A) (1, –1, 1), (–1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 1) (B) − , ,
(B) (1, 2, 3), (3, 2, 1), (2, 2, 2) 14 14 14
(C) (–2, 4, –3), (4, –3, –2), (–3, –2, 4) 2 3 1
(C) ,− ,
(D) (2, 0, –1), (3, 2, –2), (5, 6, –4) 14 14 14
33. If a plane cuts off intercepts OA = a, OB = b, 2 3 1
OC = c from the co-ordinate axes, then the area (D) , ,−

t
14 14 14
of the triangle ABC =
40. The co-ordinates of a point P are (3, 12, 4) with

en
1 2 2
(A) b c + c2 a 2 + a 2 b2 respect to origin O, then the direction cosines of
2
1 OP are [MP PET 1996]
(B) (bc + ca + ab) 1 1 1
2 (A) 3, 12, 4 (B) , ,
1 4 3 2

nt
(C) abc 3 1 2 3 12 4
2 (C) , , (D) , ,
1 13 13 13 13 13 13
(D) (b − c) 2 + (c − a) 2 + (a − b) 2
2 1 1
41. If , , n are direction cosines of a line, then
34.
Co
The direction ratios of the line joining the points 2 3
(4, 3, –5) and (–2, 1, –8) are the value of n is
[AI CBSE 1984; MP PET 1988] 23 23
6 2 3 (A) (B)
(A) , , (B) 6, 2, 3 6 6
7 7 7 2 1
(C) 2, 4, −13 (D) none of these (C) (D)
3 6
e
35. If O is the origin and OP = 3 with direction
ratios −1, 2, −2, then co-ordinates of P are 1 1 1
42. If the direction cosines of a line are
, , ,
[RPET 2000; DCE 2005] c c c
pl

(A) (1, 2, 2) (B) (−1, 2, −2) then [DCE 2000]

 −1 2 −2  (A) 0 < c < 1 (B) c>2
(C) (–3, 6, –9) (D)  , , 
 3 3 3  (C) c > 0 (D) c=± 3
m

36. Direction ratios of the line which is 43. Direction cosines of the line
perpendicular to the lines with direction x + 2 2y − 5
ratios –1, 2, 2 and 0, 2, 1 are [MHT CET 2016] = , z = −1 are _______
2 3
(A) 1, 1, 2 (B) 2, –1, 2
Sa

[MHT CET 2016]

(C) – 2, 1, 2 (D) 2, 1, –2
4 3 3 4 1
37. If points P(4, 5, x), Q(3, y, 4) and R(5, 8, 0) are (A) , ,0 (B) , ,
collinear, then the value of x + y is 5 5 5 5 5
[MHT CET 2018] 3 4 4 2 1
(C) − , ,0 (D) ,− ,
(A) − 4 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 4 5 5 5 5 5
38. If the direction ratios of a line are 1, −3, 2, then 44. The direction angles of the line x = 4z + 3,
the direction cosines of the line are y = 2 – 3z are α, β and γ, then
[MP PET 1997, Pb. CET 2002] cos α + cos β + cos γ = _______.
1 −3 2 1 2 3 [Gujarat CET 2017]
(A) , , (B) , ,
14 14 14 14 14 14 2 8
(A) (B)
−1 3 −2 −1 −2 −3 26 26
(C) , , (D) , ,
14 14 14 14 14 14 (C) 1 (D) 2
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Absolute Maths Vol - II (Engg.)

45. The direction cosines of the line joining the 53. If a line makes angles 120° and 60° with the
points (4, 3, –5) and (–2, 1, –8) are positive directions of X and Z axes respectively,
[MP PET 2001] then the angle made by the line with positive
6 2 3 2 3 6 Y-axis is [MHT CET 2018]
(A)  , ,  (B)  , ,  (A) 150° (B) 60°
7 7 7 7 7 7
(C) 135° (D) 120°
6 3 2
(C)  , ,  (D) none of these
7 7 7 54. A line makes angles α, β, γ with the co-ordinate
46. The direction cosines of a line segment AB are axes. If α + β = 90°, then γ =
−2 3 −2 (A) 0° (B) 90°
, , . If AB = 17 and the (C) 180° (D) none of these
17 17 17

t
co-ordinates of A are (3, –6, 10), then the π
55. If a vector x makes angles with measure and

en
co-ordinates of B are 4
(A) (1, –2, 4) (B) (2, 5, 8) 5π
with positive directions of X-axis and
(C) (–1, 3, –8) (D) (1, –3, 8) 4
47. If a line lies in the octant OXYZ and it makes Y-axis respectively, then x made angle of
equal angles with the axes, then measure _______ with positive direction of

nt
[MP PET 2001] Z-axis. [Gujarat CET 2018]
1 1 5π π π π
(A) l = m = n = (B) l = m = n = ± (A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 4 3 2 4
1 1 56. A line AB in three dimensional space marks
(C) l = m = n = − (D) l = m = n = ±
3
Co 2 angles 45° and 120° with the positive X-axis
48. If vector r with d.c.s. l, m, n is equally inclined and the positive Y-axis respectively. If AB
to the co-ordinate axes, then the total number of makes an acute angle θ with the positive Z-axis,
such vectors is [MHT CET 2017] then θ equals [AIEEE 2010]
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 2 (A) 60° (B) 75° (C) 30° (D) 45°
49. ∆ABC has vertices at A ≡ (2, 3, 5), B ≡ (−1, 3, 2) 57. If a line make angles α, β and γ with the axes
e
and C ≡ (λ, 5, µ). If the median through A is respectively, then sin2 α + sin2 β + sin2 γ =
equally inclined to the axes, then the values of (A) 1 (B) 2
pl

λ and µ respectively are [MHT CET 2017] (C) 3 (D) none of these
(A) 10, 7 (B) 9, 10
(C) 7, 9 (D) 7, 10 58. If a line makes the angle α, β, γ with three
dimensional co-ordinate axes respectively, then
50. If α, β, γ be the direction angles of a vector and
m

cos 2α + cos 2β + cos 2γ =

14 1
cos α = , cos β = , then cos γ = [MP PET 1994, 95,99; RPET 2003;
15 3 Kerala (Engg.) 2005; Karnataka CET 2016]
2 1 (A) –2 (B) –1 (C) 1 (D) 2
(A) ± (B)
Sa

15 5 59. A line makes the same angle θ with each of the

1
(C) ± (D) none of these X and Z-axes. If the angle β which it makes
15 with Y-axis is such that sin2 β = 3 sin2θ, then
51. A line which makes angle 60° with Y-axis and cos2 θ equals [AIEEE 2004]
Z-axis, then the angle which it makes with 2 1 3 2
X-axis is [RPET 2002; AMU 2005] (A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 3
(A) 45° (B) 60° (C) 75° (D) 30°
52. A line makes angles of 45° and 60° with the 60. If a line makes angles α, β, γ and δ with the four
positive axes of X and Y respectively. The diagonals of a cube, then the value of
angle made by the same line with the positive sin2 α + sin2 β + sin2 γ + sin2 δ is
axis of Z is [MP PET 1997] [EAMCET 2016]
(A) 30° or 60° (B) 60° or 90° 4 8 7 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(C) 90° or 120° (D) 60°or 120° 3 3 3 3
754
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To see complete chapter buy Target Notes or Target E‐Notes

 

Absolute Maths Vol - II (Engg.)

Answers to MCQs

6.1 : 1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (B)
11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (B) 15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (B)
21. (C) 22. (A) 23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (B) 26. (B) 27. (A) 28. (D) 29. (C) 30. (A)
31. (D) 32. (C) 33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (B) 36. (B) 37. (D) 38. (A) 39. (D) 40. (D)
41. (A) 42. (D) 43. (A) 44. (A) 45. (A) 46. (D) 47. (B) 48. (C) 49. (D) 50. (A)
51. (A) 52. (D) 53. (C) 54. (B) 55. (C) 56. (A) 57. (B) 58. (B) 59. (C) 60. (B)
61. (A) 62. (B) 63. (A) 64. (C) 65. (A)
6.2 : 1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (B)

t
11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (A)
21. (A) 22. (D) 23. (A) 24. (A) 25. (C) 26. (D) 27. (D) 28. (D) 29. (D) 30. (B)

en
31. (A) 32. (C) 33. (D) 34. (D) 35. (B) 36. (A) 37. (D) 38. (C) 39. (B) 40. (D)
41. (A) 42. (B) 43. (A) 44. (D)
6.3 : 1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (A)
11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (C) 16. (D) 17. (D) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (B)

nt
21. (C) 22. (B) 23. (A) 24. (A) 25. (A) 26. (B) 27. (B) 28. (B) 29. (D) 30. (C)
31. (D) 32. (B) 33. (C) 34. (B) 35. (A) 36. (C) 37. (A) 38. (C) 39. (C) 40. (A)
41. (A) 42. (A) 43. (B) 44. (A) 45. (D) 46. (B) 47. (C) 48. (A) 49. (C) 50. (D)
51. (B) 52. (A) 53. (A) 54. (B) 55. (A) 56. (D) 57. (A) 58. (A) 59. (D) 60. (B)
61. (B) 62. (D) 63. (A) 64. (B) 65. (A) 66. (A) 67. (B) 68. (D) 69. (C) 70. (D)
71. (D) 72. (C) 73. (A)
Co
74. (C) 75. (A) 76. (B) 77. (A) 78. (A) 79. (C) 80. (B)
81. (B) 82. (B) 83. (D) 84. (D) 85. (A) 86. (A) 87. (A)
6.4 : 1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (A)
11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (C) 18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (B)
21. (D) 22. (A) 23. (B) 24. (A) 25. (C) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (C) 29. (A) 30. (C)
31. (D) 32. (A) 33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (C) 36. (C) 37. (B) 38. (D) 39. (A) 40. (C)
e

Misc.: 1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (A) 10. (D)
11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (B) 14. (B) 15. (C) 16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (C)
pl

21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25. (B) 26. (B) 27. (D) 28. (A) 29. (D) 30. (C)
31. (D) 32. (B) 33. (A) 34. (D) 35. (C) 36. (A) 37. (B) 38. (A) 39. (C) 40. (D)
41. (C) 42. (D) 43. (C) 44. (C) 45. (A) 46. (C) 47. (C)
m

Hints to MCQs

6.1 Co-ordinates of a point in 4. Distance from X-axis = 4+9= 13

Sa

space, Distance between two

points, Section formula, Distance from Y-axis = 1+ 9 = 10
Direction ratios and cosines Distance from Z-axis = 1+ 4 = 5

1. For every point (x, y, z) on the X-axis, y = 0, 5. Distance from Y-axis = 1+ 9 = 10

z = 0.
6. AB = (−1 − 1) 2 + (−1 − 2) 2 + (−1 − 3) 2
2 2 2 2
2. Distance from X-axis = y +z = (b + c )
= 4 + 9 + 16 = 29
3. Distance from Y-axis = x2 + z2 7. Required distance
= 16 + 25 = (2 − 1) 2 + (1 − 3) 2 + (3 − 2) 2

= 41 = 1+ 4 +1 = 6

772
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Chapter 6: Three Dimensional Geometry

8. Let P(1, −2, 3) and R(2, −3, 5) be the given Similarly, OP = BP and OP = CP
points. b c
⇒ y = and z =
∴ PR = (2 − 1)2 + (−3 + 2)2 + (5 − 3)2 = 6 2 2
6 a b c
∴ Length of the side = ∴ P=  , , 
2 2 2 2
...[ diagonal = 2 (side)] 15. z-coordinate of every point on XY-plane is zero.
Let P(x, y, 0) be a point on XY-plane.
= 3
∴ PA = PB = PC
9. According to the given condition, Consider, PA = PB
2 2 2
 ( x 2 + y 2 )  +  ( y 2 + z 2 )  +  (z 2 + x 2 )  =
36 ⇒ PA2 = PB2

t
     
⇒ (x − 2)2 + (y − 0)2 + (0 − 3)2
⇒ x2 + y2 + z2 = 18
= (x − 0)2 + (y − 3)2 + (0 − 2)2

en
∴ Distance of the point P(x, y, z) from the origin is
⇒ 2x − 3y = 0 ...(i)
x2 + y 2 + z2 = 18 = 3 2 Also, PB = PC
10. Let A = (1, 1, 1), B = (−2, 4, 1), C = (−1, 5, 5) ⇒PB2 = PC2
and D = (2, 2, 5). ⇒ (x − 0)2 + (y − 3)2 + (0 − 2)2
= (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 + (0 − 1)2

nt
∴ AB = 9 + 9 + 0 = 3 2,
⇒ −6y + 12 = 0
BC = 1 + 1 + 16 =3 2 , ⇒y=2
CD = 9 + 9 + 0 = 3 2 and Putting y = 2 in (i), we get x = 3
AD = 1 + 1 + 16 = 3 2 ∴ P = (3, 2, 0)
Co
∴ It is a square. 16. z-coordinate of every point on XY-plane is zero.
11. Here, AB = BC = CD = DA = 7 The perpendicular distance of P(x, y, z) form
→ → XY-plane is zero.
Also, AB ⋅ BC ≠ 0 ∴ z=0
∴ ABCD is not a square.
→ → mx2 + nx1 3(3) + (−5)(1)
But, AC ⋅ BD = 0 17. x= = = −2
e
m+n 3−5
∴ ABCD is a rhombus. my2 + ny1 3(−5) + (−5)(2) 25
=y = =
12. Let A = (0, 1, 2), B = (2, −1, 3) and C = (1, −3, 1)
pl

m+n 3−5 2
∴ AB = 4 + 4 + 1 = 9, BC = 1 + 4 + 4 = 9 mz 2 + nz1 3(6) + (−5)(3) 3
z= = = −
and AC = 1+16 +1 = 18 m+n 3−5 2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 18. By external division formula, we get
m

∴
∴ ∆ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle.  1(−1) − 2(1) 1(0) − 2(2) 1(1) − 2( −1) 
P=  , , 
13. Let A = (0, 7, 10), B = (–1, 6, 6) and C = (– 4, 9, 6)  1− 2 1− 2 1− 2 
∴ AB = 1 + 1 + 16 = 18 = 3 2 , = (3, 4, − 3)
Sa

BC = 9+9+ 0= 18 = 3 2 , 19. By internal division formula, we get

AC= 16 + 4 + 16= 36= 6  3(4) + 4(2) 3(3) + 4(−1) 3(1) + 4(3) 
P=  , , 
∴ AC2 = AB2 + BC2  3+ 4 3+ 4 3+ 4 
∴ ∆ ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle.  20 5 15 
= , , 
14. Let P(x, y, z) be the required point.  7 7 7
∴ OP = AP = BP = CP
Consider, OP = AP 20. The line segment joining (x1, y1, z1) and
⇒ OP2 = AP2 (x2, y2, z2) is divided by XY-plane in the
⇒ x2 + y2 + z2 = (x − a)2 + y2 + z2 ratio −z1 : z2
⇒ −2ax + a2 = 0 ∴ Required ratio is 5 : 2.
a 21. XOZ plane divides the join of (2, 3, 1) and
⇒x=
2 (6, 7, 1) in the ratio –y1 : y2 = –3 : 7
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Absolute Maths Vol - II (Engg.)

22. z-coordinate of every point on XY-plane is zero.  2(4) + 3(2) 2(3) + 3(−1) 2(2) + 3(4) 
∴ R=  , , 
mz 2 + nz1  2+3 2+3 2+3 
Now, z =
m+n  14 3 16 
m(−5) + n(3) ⇒R=  , , 
⇒0=  5 5 5
m+n
28. Given, 2AC = 3AB
m 3
⇒ = ⇒ 2AC = 3(AC − BC)
n 5 ⇒ AC = 3BC
∴ The line divides the XY-plane in the ratio 3 : 5 AC 3
internally. ⇒ =
BC 1
23. Since, XOZ plane i.e., y = 0 divides the join of ⇒ C divides AB externally in the ratio 3 : 1.

t
(1, –1, 5) and (2, 3, 4) in the ratio λ : 1.

en
A(2, −1, 4) B(0, 2, −3) C
3λ − 1 1
∴ 0= ⇒λ=
λ +1 3  3(0) − 1(2) 3(2) − 1(−1) 3(−3) − 1(4) 
∴ C=  , , 
24. Let point C divides the line AB in the ratio λ : 1  3 −1 3 −1 3 −1 
3λ + 9  7 −13 
∴ 5= ⇒ C =  −1, , 

nt
λ +1  2 2 
⇒ 5λ + 5 = 3λ + 9 29. According to the given condition,
⇒λ=2 a −2+4 1+ b + 7
0= ⇒a= −2, 0 = ⇒b=−8
∴ Required ratio is 2 : 1. 3 3
Co 3−5+c
 13 19 26  and
= 0 =⇒c 2
25. The coordinates of P are  , , . 3
5 5 5 
 ∑ x ∑ y ∑z 
Suppose, P divides QR in the ratio λ : 1. 30. Centroid ≡  , ,  = (1, 2, –1)
 4 4 4 
13 3λ + 2
∴ =  a +3 3+ b 5+c
5 λ +1 ⇒ , ,  = (1, 2, −1)
e
 4 4 4 
3
⇒λ= ⇒ a = 1, b = 5, c = −9
2
pl

∴ Required ratio is 3 : 2. ∴ OP = a 2 + b2 + c2 =107

31. Since, the given points are collinear.
26. Suppose P divides QR in the ratio λ : 1.
−4 + 1 2 − 3 −2 − 2
 5λ + 2 2λ + 2 −2λ + 1  ∴ = =
m

Then, P =  , , . 5+4 5−2 λ+2

 λ +1 λ +1 λ +1  1 1 4
But, x-coordinate of P is 4. ⇒ − = − = −
3 3 λ+2
5λ + 2 ⇒ λ = 10
∴ =4⇒ λ = 2
Sa

λ +1 4 − (−2) −3 − 4
−2λ + 1 −4 + 1 32. For option (C), ≠
∴ z-coordinate of P = = = −1 −3 − 4 −2 − (−3)
λ +1 2 +1
∴ Option (C) is the correct answer.
27. Given, 3PQ = 5QR 33. Here, A(a, 0, 0), B(0, b,0), C(0, 0, c)
PQ 5 y1 z1 1 0 0 1
⇒ =
QR 3 1 1 bc
Now, ∆x = y2 z 2 1 = b 0 1 =
PQ − QR 5 − 3 2 2 2
⇒ = y3 z 3 1 0 c 1
QR 3
x1 z1 1 a 0 1
PR 2 1 1 ac
⇒ = ∆y = x2 z 2 1 = 0 0 1 = −
QR 3 2 2 2
x3 z3 1 0 c 1
∴ R divides PQ internally in the ratio 2 : 3.
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 

Absolute Maths Vol - II (Engg.)

47. The lines are parallel to the vectors The required plane passes through ( ˆi + ˆj) and is
→ → →
b 1 =ˆi + 2ˆj − kˆ and b 2 =−ˆi + ˆj − 2kˆ . normal to the vector n .
∴ The plane is normal to the vector ∴ Its equation is
→ → → →
ˆi ˆj kˆ r ⋅ n =a⋅ n
→ → →
→
n= b 1 × b 2 = 1 2 −1 ⇒ r ⋅ (−3iˆ + 3jˆ + 3k)
ˆ = (iˆ + ˆj) ⋅ (−3iˆ + 3jˆ + 3k)
ˆ
−1 1 −2 →
⇒ r ⋅ (−3iˆ + 3jˆ + 3k)
ˆ =−3+3
= −3iˆ + 3jˆ + 3kˆ →
⇒ r ⋅ (−ˆi + ˆj + k)
ˆ =0

t
Topic Test

en
1. If the points (2 – x, 2, 2), (2, 2 – y, 2) and 6. If the reflection of the point P(1, 0, 0) in the line
(2, 2, 2 – z) and (1, 1, 1) are coplanar then x −1 y+ 1 z + 10
1 1 1 = = is (a, b, c).
(A) + + =1 2 −3 8
x y z  bc 
Find   , where [ ] represents the greatest

nt
(B) x + y + z = 1 a 
1 1 1 integer function.
(C) + + =1
x −1 y −1 z −1 (A) 8 (B) 7 (C) 6 (D) 5
(D) x + y + z = 2
2. If θ is the angle between the line
Co 7. Equation of the line of shortest distance
x y z
between the lines l1 : = = and
x+ 1 y −1 z− 2 2 −3 1
= = and the plane
3 2 4 x−2 y −1 z +2
l2 : = = is
2x + y – 3z + 4 = 0, then 64 cosec2 θ is 3 −5 2
(A) 203 (B) 1624 (C) 406 (D) 302 x−a y−b z− c
= = , where (a, b, c) is a
 l m n
e
3. Let P = (2, 3, –4) and b = 2 î – ĵ + 2 k̂ and point on line l2, then the value of
∏ represent a plane passing through point P and c – b – a + l + m + n is

pl

perpendicular to the vector b . The sum of the (A) 44 (B) 41 (C) 43 (D) 42
lengths of the intercepts made by the plane ∏ on
8. A line makes the same angle θ with each of the
m m
the co-ordinate axes be then find   , x and z-axis. If the line makes angle α with the
n n
m

y-axis and sin2 α = 3 sin2 θ then cos2 θ equals

where [ ] is the greatest integer function. 3 2
(A) 14 (B) 8 (C) 7 (D) 9 (A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 0
5 5
4. A plane ∏ passes through the point (1, 1, 1) and
Sa

 9. If p1 and p2 are the perpendicular distance of the

is parallel to the vectors b = (1, 0, –1) and 
 points with position vectors a = 3 î – 5 ĵ + 8 k̂
a = (–1, 1, 0). The plane ∏ meets the  
co-ordinate axes at A, B and C, forming and b = 2 î – 41 ĵ + 21 k̂ from the plane r ⋅
tetrahedron OABC. The volume of tetrahedron
OABC, in cubic units is
( )
2iˆ + 2jˆ − kˆ = 12 then p 2 + p 2 equals
1 2

2 2 9 (A) 64 (B) 1369 (C) 1433 (D) 1305

(A) (B) 3 (C) (D)
9 3 2 10. The plane 2x – y + 3z + 5 = 0 is rotated about its
5. A variable plane cuts the co-ordinate axes at line of intersection with plane
A, B, C and is at a distance 1 unit from the 5x – 4y – 2z + 1 = 0 through 90°. The equation
origin. The centroid (a, b, c) of ∆ABC satisfies of the plane in new position is
x–2 + y–2 + z–2 = k then the value of k is ax + by + cz + d = 0. Then |d – b – c – a| equals
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 6 (D) 1 (A) 10 (B) 90 (C) 80 (D) 64
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Chapter 6: Three Dimensional Geometry

11. A triangle ABC is placed so that the mid-points of (A) k = ±1 (B) k = 0 or –3
its sides are on x, y and z respectively. Lengths of (C) k = ±3 (D) k = 0 or –1
the intercepts made by the plane containing
triangle on these axes are α, β, γ then the centroid 19. The shortest distance from the plane
of the triangle is given by 12x + 4y + 3z = 327 to the sphere
x2 + y2 + 4x – 2y – 6z = 155 is
 α β γ α β γ
(A)  − , ,  (B)  , − ,  (A) 39 (B) 26
 3 3 3 3 3 3
4
α β γ α β γ (C) 41 (D) 13
(C)  , , −  (D)  , ,  13
3 3 3  3 3 3
20. The length of the projection of the line segment
12. The plane passing through the point (–2, –2, 2) that joins the points (1, 0, –1) and

t
and containing the line joining the points (–1, 2, 2) to the plane x + 3y – 5z = 6 is equal to
(1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 2) makes intercept a, b and c

en
respectively, on the co-ordinate axes x, y and z. 271
(A) 2 (B)
Then 53
(A) a = 2b (B) b = 3c 472 474
(C) b + c – a = 12 (D) a + 2b + 2c = 0 (C) (D)
31 35
y z

nt
13. If the lines x = y = z and x= = and third 21. The distance of the point (1, 0, –3) from the
2 3
plane x – y – z = 9 measured parallel to the line
line passing through (1, 1, 1) form a triangle of
x−2 y+2 z−6
area 6 units then point of intersection of third = = is ______.
2 3 −6
line with second line is
(A) (1, 2, 3) (B) (2, 4, 6)
Co 22. A plane perpendicular to two planes
 4 8 12  2x – 2y + z = 0 and x – y + 2z = 4 passes
(C)  , ,  (D) None of these through (1, –2, 1). The square of the distance d
3 3 3 
 of the plane from the point
14. (
The ratio in which the plane r ˆi − 2jˆ + 3kˆ =)
17 (1, 2, 2) is ______.
divides the line joining the points x −1 y +1 z −1
e
23. If the lines = = and
−2iˆ + 4jˆ + 7kˆ and 3iˆ − 5jˆ + 8kˆ is 2 3 4
(A) 1 : 5 (B) 1 : 10 x−3 y −k z
= = intersect then find the value
pl

(C) 3 : 5 (D) 3 : 10 1 2 1
15. The image of the point (–1, 3, 4) in the plane of 16 k.
x – 2y = 0 is (a, b, c). then c + 5b + 5a is 24. A line with positive direction cosines passes
m

(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) –5 (D) 2 through P(2, –1, 2) and makes equal angles with
16. The value of m for which the straight line the coordinate axes. The line meets the plane
3x – 2y + z + 3 = 0 = 4x – 3y + 4z + 1 is parallel 2x + y + z = 9 at point Q. Then find |PQ|2.
to the plane 2x – y + mz – 2 = 0 is
25. The radius of the circular section of the sphere
Sa

(A) –2 (B) 8 (C) –18 (D) 11  

17. The distance between the line (
r = 5 try the plane r. ˆi + ˆj − kˆ =4 3 is )

( )
r= 2iˆ − 2ˆj + 3kˆ + λ ˆi − ˆj + 4kˆ and the plane ______.

( )
r. ˆi + 5jˆ + kˆ = 5 is Answers
10 10 10 3 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (D)
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 9 3 10 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (A)
9. (C) 10. (A) 11. (D) 12. (C)
x−2 y −3 z−4
18. The lines = = and 13. (B) 14. (D) 15. (A) 16. (A)
1 1 −k 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (D)
x −1 y − 4 z − 5 21. 7 22. 8 23. 72 24. 3
= = are coplanar if
k 2 1 25. 3
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