LIGHTING

5.0
 5.0 LIGHTING
6.1 General 3. High-Intensity Discharge

cdep
Lamps
are members of the electric
6.1 General 6.1.1 Types of Lamps
discharge family of light sources (as
6.2 Incandescent Lamps are fluorescent lamps). Light is
1. Filament Lamps
6.3 R and PAR Lamps produced when a high-pressure
electric arc is passed through a gas
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps a) Incandescent Lamps
vapor, rather than by a low-pressure
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
b) R and PAR
arc as in fluorescent lamps.
c) Tungsten - Halogen
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps
a) Mercury Vapor Lamps
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps 2. Gaseous Discharge Lamps
b) Metal Halide Lamps
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium c) High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Lamps a) Fluorescent Lamps
b) Energy Savings Lamps
6.9 Ballasts
c) Neon Vapor Lamps
6.10 Luminaires d) PL lamps
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
6.2 Incandescent
Lamps
cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps composed basically of a sealed

glass containing a filament
6.3 R and PAR Lamps
connected at its ends to the contact
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps area in the base thereby completing
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
an electric circuit.

6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps The glass envelope comes in a

6.7 Metal Halide Lamps variety of shapes and sizes; bulb
designations consist of a letter to
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium
Lamps indicate its shape, and a number to
indicate the diameter in eights of an
6.9 Ballasts
inch.
6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
The various shapes are:

cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps

•
•
•
Standard -
Globular
Straight
-
-
A
G
S
6.3 R and PAR Lamps • Tubular - T
• Pear-shape - PS
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps
• Flame - F
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps • PAR - Parabolic
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps Aluminized
Reflector
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps

6.8 High-Pressure Sodium A PS 30 Lamp therefore is a pear-

Lamps
shaped bulb 30/8 or 3-3/4” in
6.9 Ballasts diameter
6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
6.3 R and PAR Lamps 6.4 Tungsten Halogen
Lamps
cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps

Are complete optical systems in a
single bulb. The bulb contains a The tungsten-halogen (also called
filament, reflector and lens. quartz or quartz-iodine) lamps use a
6.3 R and PAR Lamps
halogen gas cycle to prevent rapid
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps depreciation of the lamp filament
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps and darkening of the transparent
envelop.
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps

6.7 Metal Halide Lamps

6.8 High-Pressure Sodium

Lamps

6.9 Ballasts

6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
6.1 General 3. High-Intensity Discharge

cdep
Lamps
are members of the electric
6.1 General 6.1.1 Types of Lamps
discharge family of light sources (as
6.2 Incandescent Lamps are fluorescent lamps). Light is
1. Filament Lamps
6.3 R and PAR Lamps produced when a high-pressure
electric arc is passed through a gas
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps a) Incandescent Lamps
vapor, rather than by a low-pressure
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
b) R and PAR
arc as in fluorescent lamps.
c) Tungsten - Halogen
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps
a) Mercury Vapor Lamps
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps 2. Gaseous Discharge Lamps
b) Metal Halide Lamps
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium c) High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Lamps a) Fluorescent Lamps
b) Energy Savings Lamps
6.9 Ballasts
c) Neon Vapor Lamps
6.10 Luminaires d) PL lamps
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
5.0 LIGHTING
For the operation of some

cdep
comprises a cylindrical glass tube, fluorescent tubes, an automatic
sealed at both ends and containing switch known as a starter is
6.1 General
an inert gas usually argon and required, in addition to the normal
6.2 Incandescent Lamps mercury vapors. Built into each end wall switch. The starter is self
6.3 R and PAR Lamps is a cathode which supplies the contained in a small tubular jacket
electrons to start and maintain the which is inserted in the fixture body
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps
mercury arc or gaseous discharge. and is a replaceable part.
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps This light is absorbed by the
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps
phosphors in which the inside of the
tube is coated and is re-radiated in
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps
the visible light range.
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium
Lamps All fluorescent light sources, require
6.9 Ballasts a control device or an auxiliary,
called a ballast, located in the metal
6.10 Luminaires
base.
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires
The ballast serves the following
6.12 Lighting Systems functions:
6.13 Lighting Methods
• Supplying the high voltage necessary
to start the arc;
6.14 Factors which will • Limiting the current in the arc after it
Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions
is formed.

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
Fluorescent lamps are classified as: using a device called a “trigger-start
ballast”. This ballast provides both a

cdep 1. According to shape current-limiting function and an

6.1 General appropriate automatic starting system.
6.2 Incandescent Lamps • Standard • Instant Start
6.3 R and PAR Lamps • Slim-line When the lamp is first switched on, a
does not require a starter, have single-pin sufficient voltage is applied between the
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps bases, come in diameters 3/4”, 1”, and 1- electrodes to strike the arc without
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps 1/2” ; and come in lengths from 42” (4 ft) preheating them. Instant-start lamps start
to 96” (8 ft). as soon as current is turned on and
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps • Circline eliminates the need for external starters.
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps They have single-pin bases which are
called “slim-line” lamps.
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium
Lamps 2. According to method of tube
operation • Rapid Start
6.9 Ballasts are the most recent developments and
the one that is most widely used. Rapid-
6.10 Luminaires • Pre-heat start lamps use low-resistance electrodes
requires a starter which preheats the
6.11 Classification of which can be heated continuously with
Luminaires cathodes so that less voltage is required
low current loses. These are the only
to strike an arc. There is a 2-5 seconds
6.12 Lighting Systems
fluorescent lamps that can be electrically
delay in the start of lamp after switch is
dimmed or flashed. They start as quickly
6.13 Lighting Methods
on. This class is also called a ”switch-
as the instant-start lamps; require no
start” or “starter-start” lamp. In certain
external starters; and the ballasts are
6.14 Factors which will cases, the starter can be eliminated by
Achieve Desirable Seeing smaller and more efficient.
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
6.1 General 3. High-Intensity Discharge

cdep
Lamps
are members of the electric
6.1 General 6.1.1 Types of Lamps
discharge family of light sources (as
6.2 Incandescent Lamps are fluorescent lamps). Light is
1. Filament Lamps
6.3 R and PAR Lamps produced when a high-pressure
electric arc is passed through a gas
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps a) Incandescent Lamps
vapor, rather than by a low-pressure
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
b) R and PAR
arc as in fluorescent lamps.
c) Tungsten - Halogen
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps
a) Mercury Vapor Lamps
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps 2. Gaseous Discharge Lamps
b) Metal Halide Lamps
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium c) High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Lamps a) Fluorescent Lamps
b) Energy Savings Lamps
6.9 Ballasts
c) Neon Vapor Lamps
6.10 Luminaires d) PL lamps
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
6.6 Mercury Vapor 6.7 Metal Halide Lamps
Lamps
cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps contains mercury vapor in a clear

a modification of the mercury vapor
with an arc of improved color. In
quartz arc tube, which when addition to mercury, the arc tube
6.3 R and PAR Lamps
electrically excited, produces visible contains metallic vapors such as
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps light of characteristically blue-green indium iodide, thallium iodide, or
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
color. It is suitable only for limited sodium iodide. It possesses
industrial areas, general outdoor therefore increased light output,
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps applications and street lighting. improved color rendition without the
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps use of phosphors, and small source
size.
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium
Lamps

6.9 Ballasts

6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
6.8 High-Pressure
Sodium Lamps
cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps are the newest addition to the HID

6.3 R and PAR Lamps
field. Its arc tube is made of high-
density polycrystalline alumina and
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps contains a mixture of primarily
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps sodium.
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps

6.7 Metal Halide Lamps

6.8 High-Pressure Sodium

Lamps

6.9 Ballasts

6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
6.10 Luminaires Ceiling-Mounted Downlights
(Or Lighting Fixtures)
cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps is the device which supports the

source or sources of electric light
6.3 R and PAR Lamps
and redirects or helps to control the
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps light rays from the source. Control of
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
the rays is necessary to secure even
distribution, to avoid glare, to cut-off
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps direct rays to the eyes, and
6.7 Metal Halide Lamps eliminates disturbing reflection of the
rays from polished surfaces.
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium
Lamps

6.9 Ballasts

6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
Spotlights Pendants

cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps

6.3 R and PAR Lamps

6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps

6.5 Fluorescent Lamps

6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps

6.7 Metal Halide Lamps

6.8 High-Pressure Sodium

Lamps

6.9 Ballasts

6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
Wall Lights Task and Table Lights

cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps

6.3 R and PAR Lamps

6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps

6.5 Fluorescent Lamps

6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps

6.7 Metal Halide Lamps

6.8 High-Pressure Sodium

Lamps

6.9 Ballasts

6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
Floor Lights Fluorescent Fittings

cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps

6.3 R and PAR Lamps

6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps

6.5 Fluorescent Lamps

6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps

6.7 Metal Halide Lamps

6.8 High-Pressure Sodium

Lamps

6.9 Ballasts

6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
Oddities Exterior Lights

cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps

6.3 R and PAR Lamps

6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps

6.5 Fluorescent Lamps

6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps

6.7 Metal Halide Lamps

6.8 High-Pressure Sodium

Lamps

6.9 Ballasts

6.10 Luminaires

6.11 Classification of
Luminaires

6.12 Lighting Systems

6.13 Lighting Methods

6.14 Factors which will

Achieve Desirable Seeing
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 5.0 LIGHTING
6.12 Lighting Systems

cdep
6.1 General

6.2 Incandescent Lamps

1. Cornice Lighting
a system where light sources are
shielded by a panel parallel to the
6.3 R and PAR Lamps wall and attached to the ceiling to
6.4 Tungsten Halogen Lamps distribute light downwards over the
wall. This is considered as direct
6.5 Fluorescent Lamps
lighting.
6.6 Mercury Vapor Lamps

6.7 Metal Halide Lamps

2. Cove Lighting
a system where light sources are
6.8 High-Pressure Sodium shielded by a ledge to distribute light
Lamps
upwards over the ceiling and upper
6.9 Ballasts wall. It is a form of indirect lighting.
6.10 Luminaires
3. Valance Lighting
6.11 Classification of
Luminaires a system where light sources are
shielded by a panel parallel to the
6.12 Lighting Systems
wall usually across the top of a
6.13 Lighting Methods window. This provides light both
6.14 Factors which will
upwards and downwards over the
Achieve Desirable Seeing wall.
Conditions

6.15 Lighting Terms

 LIGHTING

cdep

END