ACTIVITY

BRIAN DE OCAMPO MARCH 06, 2022

BATCH 2C LEA 3

Instruction: This can either be handwritten or printed on a short bond paper, contents can also be taken from
internet, magazine or newspaper. Leave a margin on all side of the bond paper.

1. Give the general types of Lighting Sources indicate their meaning and provide picture for each.

INCANDESCENT LAMP

It is the least expensive in terms of energy consumed and has the advantage of providing instant
illumination when the switch is on. An incandescent lamp generates light when electric current heats a tungsten
filament wire so that it glows, or incandesces. As the lamp continues to operate, the tungsten slowly evaporates due
to the heat. When the filament loses enough tungsten (or breaks from shock), the lamp fails. Incandescent lamps are
easily dimmed. Incandescent lamps can be categorized as conventional or halogen, according to the fill gas and
pressure in the lamp, which affect efficiency, life and color. Line voltage or low voltage, according to the electric
current that powers the lamp.

MERCURY VAPOR LAMP n3030

It is considered more efficient that the incandescent and used widespread in exterior lighting. This emits a
purplish-white color, caused by an electric current passing through a tube of conducting and luminous gas. Mercury
vapor lamps are bright, long-lasting light sources that are often used to light large areas such as streets, gyms, sports
arenas, banks, or stores. The bulbs have an inner quartz tube containing the mercury vapor discharge. This is
enclosed by an outer glass bulb that filters out harmful short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A mercury-vapor
lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through vaporized mercury to produce light. The arc discharge
is generally confined to a small fused quartz arc tube mounted within a larger borosilicate glass bulb. The outer bulb
may be clear or coated with a phosphor; in either case, the outer bulb provides thermal insulation, protection from the
ultraviolet radiation the light produces, and a convenient mounting for the fused quartz arc tube.

METAL HALIDE

It has similar physical appearance of higher mercury vapor but provides a light source of high luminous
efficiency and better color rendition. Metal halide lamps produce a bright white light and are highly efficient members
of the HID family. They were an outgrowth of the mercury lamp with an improvement made in their color rendering
characteristics and energy efficiency. The efficiency of metal halide lamps is from 1.5 to 2 times that of mercury vapor
lamps. Almost all varieties of available "white light" metal halide lamps produce color rendering which is equal or
superior to presently available mercury vapor lamps. The metal halide lamp is very similar in construction to the
mercury vapor lamp. The major difference is that the metal halide lamp contains various metal halide additives in
addition to mercury vapor. Metal halide lamps are commonly used in stadiums, warehouses and any industrial setting
where distinguishing colors is important. Low wattage lamps are available and have become popular in department
stores, grocery stores, and many other applications where light quality is important. Metal halide lamp sizes range
from 175 to 1,500 watts. Ballasts designed specifically for metal halide lamps must be used.

FLUORESCENT

This provides good color rendition high lamp efficiency as well as long lite. Fluorescent Lamps generate light
when an electric arc excites the gas in the tube. Mercury in the gas emits ultraviolet radiation causing the phosphor
coating of the lamp to glow, or fluoresce. The glowing phosphors create white-colored light. Fluorescent lamps
require a ballast in order to operate, as well as special lamp holders. Fluorescent lamps are available in a much wider
range of colors than incandescent, from warm, nearly incandescent tones, to icy whites that are similar to daylight.
Fluorescent is a very energy efficient light source that enjoys low operating costs and contributes little heat to the
room. Fluorescent is particularly effective for high levels of general and task illumination. They use 1/5 to 1/3 as much
electricity as incandescent with comparable lumen ratings and last up to 20 times longer. Compact types are used in
smaller, trimmer fixtures such as recessed down lights, wall sconces, close-to-ceiling fixtures, and track lights.
Screw-in types can be used in place of incandescent in standard lamp sockets. If your fixtures are on a dimming
system, look for fluorescent bulbs labeled "dimmable."

HIGH-PRESSURE SODIUM VAPOR

This has gained acceptance for exterior lighting of parking areas, roadways, installations. Constructed on
the same principle as mercury vapor lamps, they emit a golden white to light pink color and this provide high lumen
efficiency and relatively good color rendition. High-pressure sodium-vapor (HPS) lamps have an inner discharge tube
made of translucent alumina that can withstand the corrosive effects of a mixture of mercury and sodium under
greater pressure and higher temperature. HPS lamps give a whiter light and are used for extra-bright lighting in
places such as road intersections, tunnels, sports stadiums, and other places where it is desirable to see a full
spectrum of reflected colors.

2. Give the different kinds of Alarm, indicate their meaning and provide picture for each.
 AUDIO DETECTION DEVICE

It will detect any sound supersonic caused by attempted force entry. It works similarly to our Ears, having
diaphragm which converts vibration into signals. However, what’s different as that a sound sensor consists of an in-
built capacitive microphone, peak detector and an amplifier (LM386, LM393, etc.) that’s highly sensitive to sound.

VIBRATION DETECTION DEVICE

It will vibration caused by attempted force entry. The sensor for vibration detection is a vibration detector (or
shock sensor), the detector must have a mechanical displacement to generate the alarm signal; vibration detection
equipment is not only best suitable for file cabinets, vaults, strongrooms, safes and Automated Teller Machines
(ATM), confidential protection special objects, but also suitable for other systems in combination, to prevent intruders
break in from wall. How to use the vibration detector in correct application is very important. It is often used to provide
protection in a special object where protected area that with staff's activities.

METALLIC FOIL OR WIRE

LASER BEAM ALARM

A laser emitter floods a wall or fencing with a beam so that when this beam is disturbed by a physical
object, an alarm is activated. An alarm that triggers a siren sound an police lights when the beam of light is
interrupted.

PHOTOELECTRIC OR ELECTRIC EYE DEVICE

Invisible/visible beam is emitted and when this is disturbed or when an intruder breaks contact with the
beam, it will activate the alarm. An electric eye is a photodetector used for detecting obstruction of a light beam. An
example is the door safety system used on garage door openers smitter and receiver at the bottom of the door to
prevent closing if there is any obstruction in the way that breaks the light beam. The device does not provide an
image; only presence of light is detectable. Visible light may be used, but infrared radiation conceals the operation of
the device and typically is used in modern systems