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Diode Notes

Notes made on Diodes

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4 views8 pages

Diode Notes

Notes made on Diodes

Uploaded by

bl.en.u4eac23006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The ideal diode may be considered to be the most fundamental nonlinear circuit element.

If a negative voltage (relative to the reference direction indicated in Fig. 4.1a) is applied to the diode,
no current flows and the diode behaves as an open circuit (Fig. 4.1c). Diodes operated in this mode
are said to be reverse biased, or operated in the reverse direction. An ideal diode has zero current
when operated in the reverse direction and is said to be cut off, or simply off
If a negative voltage (relative to the reference direction indicated in Fig. 4.1a) is applied to the diode,
no current flows and the diode behaves as an open circuit (Fig. 4.1c). Diodes operated in this mode
are said to be reverse biased, or operated in the reverse direction. An ideal diode has zero current
when operated in the reverse direction and is said to be cut off, or simply off.
if a positive current (relative to the reference direction indicated in Fig. 4.1(a) is applied to the ideal
diode, zero voltage drop appears across the diode. In other words, the ideal diode behaves as a short
circuit in the forward direction (Fig. 4.1d); it passes any current with zero voltage drop. A forward-
biased diode is said to be turned on, or simply on.
The positive terminal of the diode is called the anode and the negative terminal the cathode,
A nonlinear curve that consists of straight-line segments is said to be piecewise linear.
Terminal Charateristics of Junction Diodes:
1. The forward-bias region, determined by
v>0
2. The reverse-bias region, determined by
v<0
3. The breakdown region, determined by
v < −VZK
Forward Bias:
The forward-bias—or simply forward—region of operation is entered when the terminal voltage v is
positive

I S is usually called the saturation current or scale current.


The voltage VT is a constant called the thermal voltage
at room temperature (20°C) the value of VT is 25.3 mV.
{I1 and V1 are the current and voltage throught the diode at a temperature}

the current is negligibly small for v smaller than about 0.5 V. This value is usually referred to as the
cut-in voltage.
Saturation Current I(S) doubles for every 5°C rise in temperature
At a given constant diode current, the voltage drop across the diode decreases by approximately 2 mV
for every 1°C increase in temperature.
Reverse Bias:
The reverse-bias region of operation is entered when the diode voltage v is made negative.
the current in the reverse direction is constant and equal to I S . This constancy is the reason behind
the term saturation current.
Real diodes exhibit reverse currents that, though quite small, are much larger than I S ,The reverse
current also increases somewhat with the increase in magnitude of the reverse voltage.
A large part of the reverse current is due to leakage effects. These leakage currents are proportional to
the junction area
I S doubles for every 5°C rise in temperature
reverse current doubles for every 10°C rise in temperature.
Breakdown Region:
The breakdown region is entered when the magnitude of the reverse voltage exceeds a threshold value
that is specific to the particular diode, called the breakdown voltage.
This is the voltage at the “knee” of the i–v curve in Fig. 4.8 and is denoted VZK , where the subscript
Z stands for zener (see Section 3.5.3) and K denotes knee.
in the breakdown
region the reverse current increases rapidly, with the associated increase in voltage drop being very
small.
It therefore is necessary to limit the reverse current in the breakdown region to a value consistent with
the permissible power dissipation.
Diode Models:
The Exponential Model:
The most accurate description of the diode operation in the forward region is provided by the
exponential model.

Assuming that the diode parameter I S is known, Eqs. given above are two equations in the two
unknown quantities ID and VD. Two alternative ways for obtaining the solution are graphical analysis
and iterative analysis.
GRAPHICALLY:
Graphical analysis is performed by plotting the relationships of Eqs. (4.6) and (4.7) on the i–v plane.
The solution can be obtained as the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two graphs.
The load line intersects the diode curve at point Q, which represents the operating point of the circuit.
Its coordinates give the values of I D and VD.

ITERATIVE METHOD:
Refer to this question...(Proper method isn't listed,just pick it up from the question)
Determine the current I D and the diode voltage VD for the circuit in Fig. 4.10 with VDD = 5 V and R
= 1 k. Assume that the diode has a current of 1 mA at a voltage of 0.7 V.
The Constant-Voltage Drop Model:
The simplest and most widely used diode model is the constant-voltage-drop model.
This model is based on the observation that a forward-conducting diode has a voltage drop that varies
in a relatively narrow range,
The Ideal Diode Model:
In applications that involve voltages much greater than the diode voltage drop (0.6 V–0.8 V), we may
neglect the diode voltage drop altogether while calculating the diode current.

The Piece-Wise Linear Model:

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