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Landforms Created by Rivers

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19 views25 pages

Landforms Created by Rivers

Uploaded by

Instagram Manager
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EROSIONAL DEPOSITIONAL

YOUTH MATURE OLD

EROSIONAL
/DEPOSITIONAL
Upper Course / Stage of Youth (Erosion dominates):
• It starts from the source of the river in hilly or mountainous
areas.
• The river flows down the steep slope and, as a result, its
velocity and eroding power are at their maximum.
• Streams are few, with poor integration.
• As the river flows down with high velocity, vertical erosion or
downward cutting will be high which results in the formation of
Middle Course/ Stage of Maturity
V-Shaped Valleys.
(Transportation dominates):
• Waterfalls, rapids, and gorges exist where the local hard rock
• In this stage, vertical erosion slowly starts to replace with
bodies are exposed.
lateral erosion or erosion from both sides of the channel.
• Thus, the river channel causes the gradual disappearance of
its V-shaped valley (not completely).
• Streams are plenty at this stage with good integration.
• Wider flood plains start to visible in this course and the volume
of water increases with the confluence of many tributaries.
• The work of river predominantly becomes transportation of the
eroded materials from the upper course (little deposition too).
Lower Course/ Stage of Old (Deposition dominates): • Landforms like alluvial fans, piedmont alluvial plains,
• The river starts to flow through a broad, level plain with heavy meanders etc. can be seen at this stage.
debris brought down from upper and middle courses.
• Vertical erosion has almost stopped and lateral erosion still goes
on.
• The work of the river is mainly deposition, building up its bed and
forming an extensive flood plain.
• Landforms like braided channels, floodplains, levees, meanders,
oxbow lakes, deltas etc. can be seen at this stage.
• Erosion Types

• Corrasion or Abration

• Corrosion or Solution

• Hydraulic Action
• Transportation types

• Traction:

• Saltation:

• Suspension:

• Solution:
• Deposition stage

river to lose it energy

peneplains monadnocks.
Valleys, Gorges, Canyon
• Potholes, Plunge pools
Erosional landforms - waterfalls and interlocking spurs

waterfall

overhang.
• Abrasion hydraulic action
plunge pool.

gorge
V-shaped valley

interlocking spurs
Meanders

• Lateral erosion
meanders.

hydraulic action and abrasion

river cliff

slip-off slope
Oxbow lakes

horseshoe-shaped oxbow lake.


Depositional landforms - levees, floodplains and estuaries
• Floodplains

erosion and deposition.

alluvium
• River Terraces
• Levees

lower course
Alluvial Fans
• Braided Channels
Deltas

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