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Parallel Operation of Transformers Using ETAP

Parallel Operation of Transformers Using ETAP

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105 views9 pages

Parallel Operation of Transformers Using ETAP

Parallel Operation of Transformers Using ETAP

Uploaded by

송기정
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this


document to make
the give
understanding about
the Parallel Operation
of Transformers

Engr. Waqas
Ahmad Chaudhry
Electrical Design
Engineer/Power
System Studies
Engineer

Loading Considerations when Paralleling Transformers

Using ETAP
Loading Considerations when Paralleling Transformers

Using ETAP
In this article, I am trying to summarize the important loading consideration when transformers are
connected in parallel to meet the loading requirements, compensating the voltage sag and making the
power system more reliable.

Here I will try to describe different limiting conditions of connecting transformers in parallel and loading
considerations when turn ratios, impedances and KVAs are different with ETAP software. Theses
parameters are very much important to understand about the circulating current concept.

In industrial and commercial facilities, it is very important to understand circulating current and load
sharing. Mostly, these two concept are less likely to understand as the transformers are used in parallel
with the same parameters of KVA, impendences and turn ratios. But when system is upgraded or
changed and there is need of adding more transformers to fulfil the load requirements, then it becomes
crucial to understand the parallelling operation of transformers with different parameters.

*Suitable selection of the transformers in parallel is having the same turn ratios, impedances and X/R
ratios.

When any one of the parameters is changed, there will be flow of circulating current between the
transformers and unequal current division. As a result, it lowers the efficiency and loading capacity of
the transformers.

Transformers should not be operated in parallel when:

i. When the division of load is such that, with the total load current equal to the combined kVA
rating of the transformers, one of the transformers is overloaded.
ii. When the no-load circulating currents in any transformer exceed 10% of the full load rating.
iii. When the combination of the circulating currents and full load current exceed the full load
rating of either transformer

Table 1 describe the different parameters and loading conditions when transformers connected in
parallel.
Equal Impedances, Equal Turn Ratios
Look at fig. 1 using ETAP software.

Figure 1: Same KVA, Turn Ratio & Impedance

Fig. 1 explains the parallel operation of the transformer under suitable


selection with same KVA, Turn Ratio and Impedance.
You can observe the results shown in the simulation that:
1. Both the transformers will share the loading equally.
2. Loading power factor will be same 85%.
3. Bus voltages will also be same 97.72%
Figure 2: Different KVA but Same Turn Ratio & Impedance

Fig. 2 explains the parallel operation of the transformer with different


KVA, but same Turn Ratio and Impedance.
You can observe the results shown in the simulation that:
1. Loading power factor will be same 85%.
2. Bus voltages will also be same 97.72%
3. Only the load sharing will be different depending upon the KVA sizing
of the transformers. You can see the T6 transformer’s KVA rating is
1.5 times greater than T5, so T6 will deliver 1.5 times higher loading
current than T6. (1464 A*1.5=2196 A)
Figure 3: Same KVA, Same Turn Ratio, Different Impedance

Fig. 3 explains the parallel operation of the transformer with same KVA,
same Turn Ratio but different Impedance.
We know that the current is inversely proportional to the impedance, so
you can see that the transformer with higher impedance of 11.5% of T1 (2
times the impedance of T2), current sharing from T1 will be half.

Thus, the lower percent impedance transformer can be overloaded when


subjected to heavy loading. While the other higher percent impedance
transformer will be lightly loaded.
Figure 4: Different KVA, Same Turn Ratio, Different Impedance

Fig. 4 explains the parallel operation of the transformer with different


KVA, same Turn Ratio but different Impedance.
You can see that in this example the transformer with lower MVA was not
overloaded as in the fig 3 because the more current was shared by the T6
having higher KVA rating. Increasing the KVA capability of the transformer,
will increase the load sharing capacity. But increasing the impedance of the
transformer will lower the load sharing capacity.
Figure 5: Same KVA, Different Turn Ratio, Different Impedance

Fig. 5 explains the parallel operation of the transformer with same KVA
but different Turn Ratio and different Impedance.
You can observer that T1 tap at the secondary side was increased to 2.5% so
this side will be 492V to make a difference in turn ratio.
You can see that increasing the turn ratio, will decrease the power factor of
the sharing current (0.74) and also there will be a circulating current as load
current is not equal to the sum of the transformer’s currents. Circulating
current will flow in the T2 from the T1 side.
Figure 6: Different KVA, Different Turn Ratio, Different Impedance

Fig. 6 explains the parallel operation of the transformer with different KVA, Turn
Ratio and Impedance.
When KVA rating of a transformer having different turn ratio and impedance is
enhanced, then the amount of circulating current will also increase causing heat in
the transformer’s winding.
Stay blessed.

🆁🅴🅶🅰🆁🅳🆂,
𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐫. 𝐖𝐚𝐪𝐚𝐬 𝐀𝐡𝐚𝐦𝐝 𝐂𝐡.

𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫 / 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫


𝐃𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐦, 𝐊𝐒𝐀,

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