Scaffolds and Portable

Health and Safety Management System

Scaffolds and Portable

Ladders

FOR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL USE

RSG-HS-COS-0008 | Revision 00 | 30 MAR 2023

RSG-HS-COS-0008 FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

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Scaffolds and Portable Ladders

Revision History

Rev. Date Details of Revision Prepared By Reviewed By 1st Approver 2nd Approver

Superseded previous Lijo Abraham Simon Horner Brian Maynard Brian Spraker
versions of TRSDC and
00 30-Mar-2023 AMAALA documents. This
is the initial version of RSG
level document

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................................................................................................. 4

DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

1 PURPOSE .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

2 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

3 REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4 EXECUTION OF REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.1 General Roles and Responsibilities .....................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Safe Work Methodology .......................................................................................................................................................................8
4.3 Scaffolding Design by Qualified Person(s) .........................................................................................................................................8
4.4 Competent Person(s) ............................................................................................................................................................................8
4.5 Scaffold Erection ...................................................................................................................................................................................9
4.6 Scaffold Access ......................................................................................................................................................................................9
4.7 Guard Rails...........................................................................................................................................................................................11
4.8 Ladders.................................................................................................................................................................................................12
4.9 Platforms..............................................................................................................................................................................................12
4.10 Fall Protection During Erection, Dismantling, and Altering Scaffolding.......................................................................................12
4.11 Falling Object Protections ..................................................................................................................................................................13
4.12 Routine Scaffold Inspections .............................................................................................................................................................14
4.13 Requirements – Suspension Scaffolds..............................................................................................................................................14
4.14 Mobile Towers .....................................................................................................................................................................................16
4.15 Other Types of Scaffolds ....................................................................................................................................................................17
4.16 Gin Wheels/Safety Pulleys ..................................................................................................................................................................17
4.17 Inclement Weather .............................................................................................................................................................................19

5 LADDERS............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
5.1 Selection and Use................................................................................................................................................................................20
5.2 Straight/Extension Ladders ...............................................................................................................................................................22
5.3 Stepladders ..........................................................................................................................................................................................22
5.4 Inspection and Maintenance of Ladders..........................................................................................................................................22
5.5 Personal Protective Equipment .........................................................................................................................................................23
5.6 Training ................................................................................................................................................................................................23

6 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.1 Resources.............................................................................................................................................................................................24
6.2 Supporting Documents ......................................................................................................................................................................25
6.3 Forms and Templates .........................................................................................................................................................................25

7 APPENDICES....................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

APPENDIX A: RSG-HS-C0S-0008 SCAFFOLDS GUIDLINE ........................................................................................................................... 26

APPENDIX B: RSG-HS-C0S-0008 INSPECTION REQUIRMENTS ................................................................................................................. 26

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Term Expansion

Relevant Manual Terms and Expansions

H&S Health and Safety

JSA Job Safety Analysis or Risk assessment

PFAS Personal Fall Arrest System

RSG Red Sea Global

STA Safety Task Assignment

SWL Safe Working Load

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DEFINITIONS

Term Definition

One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or
working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and
Competent Person/Scaffolder
who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. A
competent person may also be referred to as a “scaffolder”.
A barrier secured to uprights and erected along the exposed sides and ends of platforms
Guardrail
to prevent falls.
One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or
who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated
Qualified Person
his/her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matter, the work, or the
project.
A temporary elevated platform (supported or suspended) and its supporting structure
Scaffold
(including points of anchorage) used for supporting employees, materials, or both.
One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or
Competent Person working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and
who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Type I Ladder Portable ladder that can support at least 250 pounds (113.4 kilograms) of weight.

Type IA Ladder Portable ladder that can support at least 300 pounds (136.1 kilograms) of weight.

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1 PURPOSE

This procedure establishes the minimum requirements for scaffold and portable ladder use. This includes the
design, training, inspection, erection, and dismantling requirements.

2 SCOPE

This procedure applies to all scaffolding and portable ladder related work activities for employees under the
control of RSG and its contractors.

3 REQUIREMENTS

• Scaffolds are to be designed by competent or qualified persons aware of the manufacturer’s specifications
and local regulatory requirements.
• All platforms and scaffolds, including job-built scaffolding, shall be constructed and erected under the
direction of a qualified or competent person.
• Employees shall not use shore or lean-to scaffolds or makeshift platforms.
• All scaffolding and temporary platforms shall meet the regulatory requirements including, but not limited to,
the width of platforms, guardrail, toe-board and height requirements.
• Scaffolds and temporary platforms shall be constructed to an industry standard design
• A qualified scaffolding-competent person shall be identified who meets applicable regulatory requirements,
and who will be responsible for Erection, modification, dismantling and ongoing inspections.
• All scaffold workers must be trained by a qualified instructor on the hazards, erection and maintenance
procedures, safe work practices, load capacities, and fall protection.
• Site workers must be trained on the site-specific hazards and controls that exist, including load capacities and
other scaffold specific hazards and controls.
• Re-training of workers will be conducted if site conditions change, creating a new hazard; a new type of
scaffold or fall protection system is introduced; regulations change; or site incidents indicate the need for new
training.
• All scaffold/ ladder material must be used, stored, inspected and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specifications.
• Employees are not permitted to access the scaffold until the Competent Person has inspected it, certified that
it is ready for use, and has hung an inspection tag with his/her signature.
• All scaffolding shall be tagged and inspected and approved by the competent person at the start of each
working day. All tags shall be maintained at the scaffold access point, show the date of scaffold inspections,
by whom, and be weather-resistant.
• Requirements may vary depending on the jurisdiction, but in the absence of any other requirements, the
scaffold inspection should be formally recorded on the tag on a weekly basis as a minimum.
• Modifications or alterations must be approved only by the competent person. The modifications will be
performed only by those qualified to perform scaffold work. Any alterations or modification to a scaffold by a
non-qualified employee or without the direction of the competent person is strictly forbidden and will result in
disciplinary action and removal from the site.
• Access to the scaffold must be through purpose designed means (e.g. walkways and ladders). It is forbidden
for employees to climb on the scaffold to gain access.
• Platforms shall be maintained free of debris. Only materials for immediate use must be kept on a scaffold and
at no time shall a scaffold be overloaded. Tools, materials and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate in
such quantities as to create a hazard.
• Employees may not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds.
• Adequate clearance shall be maintained between scaffold and power lines, as determined by the voltage and
whether insulated or not. If scaffolding is to be located close to a high voltage energized electrical conductor
or equipment with a hazardous level of electrical charge the utility provider shall de-energize the lines,
relocate the lines, or install protective coverings. The conductor and/or equipment must be grounded.
• Where there is likelihood that any powered mobile equipment can contact scaffolding, protective measures
must be taken (e.g. concrete barriers).
• No work is to be done from a ladder that is giving access to the scaffolding.

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• Workers using scaffold ladders must not extend a part of their body, other than an arm, beyond the side rails
of the ladder and must maintain 3 points of contact on the ladder at all times.
• Do not carry material or equipment up a ladder. Ensure tool bags and/or taglines are used to pass them
safely.
• Devices, such as, but not limited to ladders, crates, and pallets, shall not be used on top of scaffold platforms
to increase the working level height of Employees.
• A scaffold system/component or scaffold status tag must not be modified or removed.
• Notify supervision immediately if a scaffold is damaged, weakened, or otherwise deficient.

4 EXECUTION OF REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General Roles and Responsibilities
4.1.1 Contractor Project Manager

• Contractor Project Manager has overall responsibility to ensure the working platform is safe to use.

• Ensures the design and third-party certification requirement of scaffold wherever required.

• Appoint competent and qualified Scaffold erection and dismantling team.

• Ensure the safe erection and dismantling methodology is established and approved.

• Ensure adequate supervision, inspection and emergency arrangements are in place.

• Ensure compliance with the regulatory requirements.

4.1.2 Contractor Construction Manager or Supervisor

• Oversees and supervises and ensure the implementation of Safe Work practice.

• Ensures Job Safety Analysis/ risk assessment is completed to identified hazardous conditions.

• Ensures that only competent and trained personnel working at height.

• Ensure emergency response arrangements are in place.

4.1.3 Contractor H&S Representative

• Coordinate and interface with field operations personnel to ensure that safe work practices are
implemented, and necessary training has been conducted.

• Verify log and copies of certificates of competency for all Scaffold erectors and dismantlers.

• Regularly review these records to ensure that valid third-party certifications.

• Necessary H&S advise and perform site inspections to ensure the implementation of safe work
practice.

• Verify inspection reports and scaffold tags to ensure the competent person is completed scaffold
inspections and tagging.

• Analyze and investigate all near miss incidents related to scaffolds and ladders.

4.1.4 RSG

• RSG Project H&S representative will verify the procedure is being followed as part of inspection and
audit process.

• RSG Construction Manager verify the effective implementation of the requirements on f this
procedure.

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4.1.5 Employees

• Each employee who performs work on a scaffold shall complete and maintain training to recognize
the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to
control those hazards.
• Utilize appropriate PPE including fall protection, which has been issued to them when required or
necessary.

4.2 Safe Work Methodology

4.2.1 The Safe work plan or Method statement shall identify the most suitable system to be used and detail the
sequence of the erection and dismantling process. The plan will also include details of Job Safety Analysis/ risk
assessment and emergency rescue plan.

4.2.2 The Job Safety Analysis or the risk assessment require to ensure that all hazards associated with the work are
identified, the likelihood and severity are understood, and control measures are defined that will effectively
reduce the risk.

4.2.3 Also, the Rescue Plan to be developed to deal the emergency if a scaffolder should fall and become suspended
while tied off / clipped on with their personal fall arrest.

4.2.4 The “Rescue Plan”, when applicable, shall include mechanical means, proprietary systems, specialist equipment
or assisted rescue. Those involved must be trained on the operation and have practiced the operation.

4.2.5 Contractor Project Manager shall submit the Safe work plan to RSG for necessary review.

4.3 Scaffolding Design by Qualified Person(s)

4.3.1 A Qualified Person(s) who is a registered professional engineer, designated as a Qualified Person, will plan,
design, or modify scaffold systems.

4.3.2 Special job needs, configuration, location of access, material handling, must be communicated to the Qualified
Person preparing design specifications for a scaffold system.

4.3.3 A Qualified Person, a registered professional engineer, shall design tube and coupler and tubular-welded frame
scaffolds if it is over 125 feet (38.1 meters) in height, pole scaffolds over 60 feet (18.3 meters) in height, and all
outrigger beam scaffolds and their components. Alternatively, the Qualified Person shall design the frame
scaffolding assembly to conform with generally recognized standard configurations, such as: BSEN 12811-1 /
NASC TG20 or ANSI Standard as follows:

• Light Duty 25 lbs/ft2 (1.97kN/m²)

• General Purpose 50 lbs/Ft2 (2.39 kN/m²)
• Heavy Duty 75 lbs/Ft2 (3.59 kN/m²)

4.4 Competent Person(s)

4.4.1 Competent Person(s) shall be designated to:

• Direct scaffold selection and erection and dismantling

• Inspect scaffolds
• Train scaffold erectors, inspectors, and maintenance and repair persons.

4.4.2 The Competent Person(s) must have sufficient professional or technical training, knowledge, and experience to
enable them to:

• Carry out their assigned duties at the level of responsibility allocated to them
• Understand fully any potential hazards related to the work and the equipment to be used and take
steps to resolve any issues
• Detect any technical defects or omissions related to the equipment and work practices and to take
remedial action to deal with such defects or omissions.

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4.5 Scaffold Erection

4.5.1 The scaffold must be plumb and level; supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights will bear on
base plates and mud sills or base plates and other adequate foundation such as concrete slab flooring.

4.5.2 Where leveling of a scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or other equivalent stable means will be used.

4.5.3 Scaffolds must be placed as close to the work as possible.

4.5.4 When fall protection is provided by the structure on which the work is being performed, such as a building or
wall, no more than the in-country requirements or 9 inches (22.8 centimeters) will be allowed between the
scaffold platform and the structure.

4.5.5 Each platform on all working levels of scaffolds will be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and
the guardrail supports.

4.5.6 Each platform unit will be installed so that the space between adjacent units and the space between the platform
and the uprights is reduced to a small as gap as possible with no more than 1 inch wide (2.5 centimeters) gap,
except where it can be demonstrated that a wider space is necessary.

4.5.7 Each platform must be secured. The platform ends must be extended 6 inches to 12 inches (15.2 centimeters to
30.5 centimeters) past the centerline of their supports unless restrained by hooks, cleats, or other means.

4.5.8 Each scaffold walkway must be at least 18 inches (45.7 centimeters) wide.

4.5.9 At all points of a scaffold where the platform changes direction, any platform that rests on a bearer at an angle,
other than a right angle, will be laid first, and platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer will be laid
second.

4.5.10 Where a scaffold’s height exceeds 4 times its smallest base dimension, guy, tie, or otherwise brace the scaffold
at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height. Repeat every 26 feet (7.9 meters) vertically (20 feet
[6.1 meters] for those scaffolds less than or equal to 3 feet [0.9 meter] in width) and 30 feet (9.1 meters)
horizontally.

4.5.11 Protection will be installed, such as toe boards, netting, or fencing, where employees located on or below a
scaffold are exposed to the possibility of objects falling from overhead.

4.6 Scaffold Access

4.6.1 Gates, or other methods approved by the manufacturer or Competent Person, will be used to provide a safe
transition from the access point to the scaffold platform and to maintain the integrity of the scaffold’s guardrail
system.

4.6.2 Note: Scaffolds should incorporate access that enables scaffolders to work efficiently and safely.

4.6.3 Safe access for use by scaffolders shall be included as early as possible in the erection process and removed as
late as possible during dismantling to eliminate the need for scaffolders to climb the scaffold structure.

4.6.4 When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 meters) above or below a point of access, portable ladders,
attachable ladders, stair towers, ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from
another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface must be used.

4.6.5 To avoid unnecessary climbing of the structure between levels/lifts, scaffolds shall incorporate a staircase or
ladder bay, and a system of work shall be adopted, whenever possible, that enables scaffolders to work
progressively away from and back towards their means of access and egress.

4.6.6 When specifying access and egress to and from scaffolding the following hierarchy will be considered:

• Staircases
• Ladder Access bays with single level / lift ladders
• Ladder access bays with multiple level / lift ladders
• Internal ladder access with protected ladder trap
• External ladder using a safety gate.

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4.6.7 Stairway-type ladders shall meet the following conditions:

• Must be positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 centimeters) above the
scaffold supporting level

• Must provide rest platforms at 12-foot (3.7-meter) maximum vertical intervals

• Must have a minimum step width of 16 inches (40.6 centimeters) except for mobile scaffolds that
must have a stairway-type ladders with a minimum step width of 11-1/2 inches (29.2 centimeters)

• Must have slip-resistant treads on steps and landings.

• Stair towers are positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 centimeters)
above the scaffold supporting level.

• Must provide a stair rail consisting of a top rail and a mid-rail on each side of each scaffold stairway

• The top rail of each stair-rail system is capable of serving as a handrail, unless there is a separate
installation of a handrail

• Handrails and top rails that serve as handrails will provide an adequate handhold for employees
grasping them to avoid falling

• Stair-rail systems and handrails will be surfaced to prevent injury from punctures or lacerations and
to prevent snagging of clothing for those using the stair rail system

• The ends of stair-rail systems and handrails must be constructed so that they do not constitute a
projection hazard

• Handrails and top rails that are used as handrails must be at least 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) from
other objects

• Stair rails will not be less than 28 inches (71.1 centimeters) nor more than 37 inches (94 centimeters)
from the upper surface of the stair rail to the surface of the tread in line with the face of the riser at
the forward edge of the tread.

• Must have a landing platform at least 18 inches (45.7 centimeters) wide by at least 18 inches
(45.7 centimeters) long must be provided at each level

• Each scaffold stairway must be at least 18 inches (45.7 centimeters) between stair rails

• Treads and landing shall have slip-resistant surfaces

• Stairways are installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from horizontal.

• Guardrails meeting requirements are provided on the open sides and ends of each landing.

• Riser heights are uniform, within 1/4 inch (0.6 centimeters) for each flight of stairs.

• Tread depth is uniform, within 1/4 inch (0.6 centimeters for each flight of stairs.

• Ramps and walkways 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower levels must have guardrail systems.

• No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of 3 horizontal to 1 vertical (3:1) (20 degrees
above horizontal)

• If the slope of a ramp or a walkway is steeper than 8 horizontal to 1 vertical (8:1), the ramp or
walkway will have cleats not more than 14 inches (35.6 centimeters) apart that are securely fastened
to the planks to provide footing.

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4.6.8 Steps and rungs of ladder and stairway-type access shall:

• Line up vertically with each other between rest platforms.

• Direct access to or from another surface will be used only when the scaffold is not more than 1 inch
(2.5 centimeters) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 centimeters) vertically from the other
surface.

4.6.9 Ladder Access shall meet the following conditions:

• Must be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs.

• Must have a rung length of at least 8 inches (20.3cm)

• Must be uniformly spaced within each frame section.

• Must have rest platforms at 35-foot (10.67 Meters) maximum intervals on all supported scaffolds
more than 35 feet high.

• Must have a maximum space between rungs of 16¾ inches (42.55cm)

• Must extend a minimum of 3 Feet (91cm) above the height of the platform.

• Shoulder spacing from the side of the ladder to the deck should be 6 inches (15.2cm) Scaffold Tags

• Scaffold areas will be marked or posted with warning flags or barriers where vehicular traffic is
present.

• The scaffold must be dismantled shortly after being notified that the work requiring the scaffold is
complete.

4.7 Guard Rails

4.7.1 Top rails on the scaffolding must be between 38 and 45 inches (96.5cm and 114.3cm) above the work platform.

4.7.2 Mid-rails must be installed halfway between the top rail and platform surface. When a cross point of cross bracing
is used, it must be between 20 and 30 inches (50.8cm and 76.2cm) above the work platform.

4.7.3 All openings, including stairway openings must be appropriately guarded.

• If there is to be an opening or a hole through which anyone can fall, the area must be protected by a
securely attached cover designed to support an anticipated load, or guardrails and toe boards must
be in place.

• Guardrail systems shall be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms.

• Where persons are required to work or pass under the scaffold, screens / fans must be installed to
protect those persons who may be underneath.

• Guardrails shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than
erection/dismantling crews.

4.7.4 Where delivery of materials to the scaffold is required, a delivery opening, or gate should be designed in the
scaffold guardrail system. This opening should be temporary and must not weaken the remainder of the
guardrail. In any event, employees should not be allowed to access areas with unprotected edges without
another form of fall protection being provided.

4.7.5 Guardrails shall meet local jurisdictional requirements.

4.7.6 Mid-rails shall be installed approximately midway between the top-rail and the scaffold platform, and in
accordance with local jurisdictional requirements. Where screens or mesh are used, it shall extend from the top-
rail to the platform along the entire opening between uprights.

4.7.7 Guardrails shall be treated to prevent injury to employees from punctures and lacerations, and to prevent
snagging of clothing

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4.8 Ladders
4.8.1 Ladders may be used on large area scaffolds when certain criteria are met and only with written approval from
a Competent Person.

4.8.2 Ladders must not be used on scaffolds to increase the working level height of employees, except on large area
scaffolds where employees have satisfied the following criteria:

• When the ladder is placed against a structure that is not part of the scaffold, the scaffold must be
secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder.

• Ladder legs must be on the same platform as the scaffold or other means must be provided to
stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection.

• Ladder legs must be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform.

• Platform deflection will not be more than 1/60 of the span when loaded.

• Should any part of a scaffold be damaged or weakened so that its strength is less than that required
by this procedure, then the damaged or weakened part must be immediately removed from service.

4.9 Platforms
4.9.1 Never work under a platform that is being used, erected, altered, or dismantled. Or never move the platform
when someone is on it.

4.9.2 Platform (supported and suspended) requirements:

• Work platforms shall be constructed in accordance with the approved design and applicable
legislation.

• Planking shall be of uniform thickness, and closely boarded. Platform lumber shall be used for no
other purpose.

• All working levels shall be fully planked or decked for the full width of the scaffold.

• Planks shall extend over the end supports between 150 millimeters and 250 millimeters or as
specified by local regulations.

• Access must be provided through the use of properly designed stair towers or ladders attached to
the structure.

• Scaffold is adequately tied into adjoining structures, as necessary.

• Supported platform shall be placed on a solid foundation to prevent lateral displacement. Masonry
blocks, bricks, tiles, boxes, barrels or other unstable objects are not to be used as platform supports.

• The platform should be supported to prevent excessive deflection and secured to prevent tipping or
displacement.

• Planks should be secured from movement by cleats or by being wired in place.

• Planks shall be kept clean and free of any obstructions that could cause slipping or tripping hazards.

4.10 Fall Protection During Erection, Dismantling, and Altering Scaffolding

4.10.1 Safety harnesses and lanyards must be worn at all times when erecting or dismantling scaffolds. The safety
equipment must be used at the 6-foot (1.8-meter) working level whenever feasible.

4.10.2 Components will be used for tie-off are they must be deemed strong and stable enough to allow their use.

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4.10.3 Fall protection equipment must be maintained “fit for use”.

Note: Personal fall protection made from rope or webbing is vulnerable to damage, wear, and tear during
scaffolding operations. Therefore, adequate arrangements must be made for storage and inspection
of all fall protections equipment.

4.10.4 Safe system of work with handrails shall be implemented to reduce the requirement to use harnesses.

Note: During the erection, dismantling and alteration of scaffolding, scaffolder(s) shall minimize the use of fall
arrest in favor of collective fall prevention.

4.10.5 Safe Zones shall be established using collective fall protection as a priority. Use of hard hats, fall arrest
equipment, and protection from falling objects are mandatory requirements.

4.10.6 There are several methods to creating safe zone with various proprietary collective fall protection systems and
methods of work available using standard scaffold materials that enable scaffolders to position temporary
guardrails in advance during scaffold erection and to maintain guardrails during dismantling or alteration.

4.10.7 The systems do not provide full protection and scaffolders must always wear appropriate personal fall arrest
equipment and tie off / clip on when exposed to the risk.

4.10.8 Scaffolders shall create a ‘Safe Zone’ using collective fall protection as a priority when working at height with a
minimum of:

• A fully planked and correctly supported level / platform without gaps where someone could fall; and

• A single main guardrail 38 Inches (96cm) (above the platform) where there is a risk of a fall.

Note: It must be recognized that creating a Safe Zone does not completely eliminate the risk of a
fall for all scaffolding operations.

4.10.9 Personal fall protection equipment will still be used, for example, when raising or lowering working-platform
planks / boards as the erection or dismantling of the scaffold progresses.

4.10.10 When working without a fully boarded level / platform or without a single guardrail protection then scaffolders
will remain tied off /clipped on to a suitable anchor point.

4.11 Falling Object Protections

4.11.1 Hard hats are a mandatory requirement, and every employee on a scaffold will be provided with additional
protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toe boards, screens,
or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain
or deflect the falling objects.

4.11.2 Where there is danger of tools, material, or equipment falling from a scaffold and striking employees below, the
following applicable provisions shall be applied.

4.11.3 A toe board will be erected along the edge of all working platforms.

4.11.4 Toe boards will be:

• Capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 50 pounds (22.7 kilograms) applied in any
downward or horizontal direction at any point along the toe board

• At least 3-1/2 inches (8.9 centimeters) high from the top edge of the toe board to the level of the
walking/working surface

• Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform and have no more than 1/4-inch
(0.6 centimeters) clearance above the walking/working surface

• Solid or with openings not over 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in the greatest dimension.

4.11.5 The area below the scaffold where objects can fall will be barricaded, and employees will not be permitted to
enter the hazard area.

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4.11.6 Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toe board, paneling,
or screening extending from the toe board or platform to the top of the guardrail will be erected for a distance
sufficient to protect employees below.

4.11.7 A guardrail system with openings small enough to prevent passage of potential falling objects will be erected
over the employees below.

4.11.8 Canopies, when used for falling object protection, will comply with the following criteria:

• Canopies will be installed between the falling object hazard and the employees

• Canopies used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection will require a design by a
Competent Person and have the scaffold

− Equipped with additional independent support lines equal in number to the number of
points supported and equivalent in strength to the strength of the suspension ropes

− Independent support lines and suspension ropes will not be attached to the same points of
anchorage

4.12 Routine Scaffold Inspections

The Contractor shall perform a weekly scaffold inspection as a minimum or when altered or any event that could affect the structural
integrity of the equipment. The Competent Person will inspect scaffold structures and their components, including gin wheels/safety
pulleys, that are to be used.

4.12.1 A completed scaffold status tag will be attached near the access point of any scaffold being used, erected, or
dismantled, as follows:

Tag Color Code Description

KEEP OFF/DO NOT USE – prohibits use of the scaffold, as the unit is undergoing some stage of
RED erection, alteration, or dismantling.

SPECIAL CONDITIONS / ADDITIONAL CONTROLS – will replace all green “Safe Scaffold” tag(s)
Yellow whenever the scaffold has been modified to meet work requirements, and as a result, could present a
hazard to the user. This tag indicates special requirements for safe use.

SCAFFOLD IS ERECTED TO CODE/APPROVED FOR USE – indicates that the scaffold is complete, meets
Green erection requirements, and is safe to use for its intended purpose.

4.12.2 Alterations or modifications that must be made to a Green-tagged scaffold must be re-inspected and re-tagged
by the Competent Person who is responsible for the modification. A new tag must be placed on the scaffold or
platform.

4.12.3 Results of inspections must be documented on the Scaffold Inspection Tag (or equal), and the tag will remain
affixed to the scaffold all the time. Refer to Scaffold Checklist – Erection RSG-HS-FRM-0046 or similar.

4.13 Requirements – Suspension Scaffolds

4.13.1 All suspension scaffolds will be designed and constructed to a recognized standard.

4.13.2 Every suspension rope, including hardware used on nonadjustable suspension scaffolds, must be capable of
supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load.

4.13.3 All suspension scaffold support devices, such as outrigger beams, cornice hooks, parapet clamps, and similar
devices, will rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold
operating at the rated load of the hoist.

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4.13.4 Suspension scaffold outrigger beams, when used, will be made of structural metal or equivalent strength
materials and will be restrained to prevent movement.

4.13.5 The stall load of scaffold hoists will not exceed 3 times its rated load.

4.13.6 Inboard ends of suspension scaffold outrigger beams will be stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to
the floor or roof deck; or they will have their inboard ends stabilized by counterweights, except for masons’ multi-
point, adjustable, suspension scaffold outrigger beams that will be stabilized by counterweights.

4.13.7 Suspension scaffold outrigger beams will be:

• Provided with stop bolts or shackle at both ends

• Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used in place of
I-beams

• Installed with all bearing support perpendicular to the centerline

• Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position

4.13.8 When an outrigger beam is used, the shackle or clevis with which the rope is attached to the outrigger beam will
be placed directly over the centerline of the stirrup.

4.13.9 Suspension scaffolds support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar
devices will have the following characteristics:

• Support devices shall be made of steel, wrought iron, or material of equivalent strength

• Support devices shall be supported by bearing blocks.

• All support devices shall be secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the
face of the building or structure; or, opposing angle tiebacks will be installed and secured to a
structurally sound point of anchorage on the building or structure.

• Tiebacks will be equivalent in strength to the hoisting rope.

• When winding drum hoists are used on a suspension scaffold, the hoists will contain no less than
4 wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel.

• The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited.

• Wire suspension ropes will not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles
connected with shackles or cover plates and bolt.

• The load end of wire suspension ropes will be equipped with proper size thimbles and secured by eye
splicing or equivalent means.

• Ropes will be inspected for defects by a Competent Person before each work shift and after every
occurrence that could affect a rope’s integrity.

• Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes will not be used unless they are made
by the wire rope manufacturer or Qualified Person.

4.13.10 When wire rope clips are used on suspension scaffold:

• There will be a minimum of 3 wire rope clips installed, with the clips a minimum of 6 rope diameters
apart.

• When U-bolt clips are used, the U-bolt will be placed over the dead end of the rope; and the saddle
will be placed over the live end of the rope.

• Manufacturer’s recommendation will be consulted before torqueing bolts.

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4.13.11 Suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manual hoists will be tested and listed by a qualified testing
laboratory.

4.13.12 Gasoline-powered equipment and hoists will not be used on suspension scaffolds.

4.13.13 Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds will be enclosed.

4.13.14 In addition to the normal operating brake, suspension scaffold power-operated hoists and manually operated
hoists will have a braking device or locking pawl that engages automatically when a hoist makes either of the
following uncontrolled movements: an instantaneous change in momentum or an accelerated over speed.

4.13.15 Manually operated hoists will require a positive crank force to descend.

4.13.16 Two-point and multi-point suspension scaffolds will be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from
swaying, as determined to be necessary based on an evaluation by a Competent Person.

4.13.17 Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds will be of a diameter large enough to provide
sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms.

4.13.18 Suspension ropes will be shielded from heat-producing processes. When acids or other corrosive substances
are used on a scaffold, the ropes will be shielded, treated to protect against the corrosive substances, or be of
a material that will not be damaged by the substance being used.

4.13.19 To reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire ropes when performing
welding from suspension scaffolds, the following precautions will be taken, as applicable:

• An insulated thimble is used to attach each suspension wire rope to its hanging support. Excess
suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines are insulated.

• The suspension wire rope is covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 meters)
above the hoist.

• East hoist line will be covered with insulated protective covers.

• In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor will be
connected from the scaffold to the structure.

• If the scaffold grounding lead will be disconnected at any time, the welding operation is discontinued.

An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead must not be allowed to contact the scaffold or its
suspension system.

Note: Canopies used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection will require a design by a
Competent Person. Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue will not be used
as a working platform.

4.14 Mobile Towers

4.14.1 Mobile towers shall conform to the height to base ratio / outrigger requirements stipulated by the
manufacturer and any applicable legislation that applies in the jurisdiction.

4.14.2 Mobile towers must be equipped with a device to securely attach the wheel to the scaffold.

4.14.3 Maintain floor level within 3° of level.

4.14.4 If scaffolding is designed to be moveable it must be secured to prevent movement before a person accesses
or occupies the platform by engaging wheel locking devices or blocking the scaffold against movement. Lock
wheels when workers are on the scaffold.

4.14.5 Workers are prohibited from riding scaffolds when they are being moved.

4.14.6 Workers must remain within the confines of the mobile tower and must not climb or stand on the outside of
the tower.

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4.14.7 The manual force used to move a scaffold must be applied as close to the base as practicable, but not more
than 1.5m above the supporting surface.

4.14.8 Watch for holes in the floor and overhead obstructions. Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during
movement.

4.14.9 Casters or wheels shall be locked before using.

4.14.10 Either remove or secure tools and materials so they cannot fall or roll off when the scaffold is moved.

4.14.11 Guardrails and planking are required on all mobile towers.

4.14.12 A ladder or stairway must be provided for access and exit and will be built into the scaffold and located so that
persons climbing the tower remain within the footprint of the tower.

4.14.13 Never allow the use of ladders from the planking/floor of a mobile tower.

4.14.14 Do not attempt to move a mobile tower without sufficient help. Do not attempt to move a mobile tower from
the top of the scaffold.

4.15 Other Types of Scaffolds

Applicable in-country requirements must be reviewed before scaffold erection, and erections plans must be made
specific to each set of requirements for each type of scaffold.

4.16 Gin Wheels/Safety Pulleys

4.16.1 General Safety measures

• Use Gin Wheels/Safety Pulleys only on structures/ landing areas that are able to bear its weight and
its load.

• Always ensure the landing area is unobstructed.

• Only use a gin wheel and rope if you have been properly trained to do so.

• Only persons trained in scaffold erection will install/erect a gin wheel/safety pulley.

• Never leave the equipment loaded or unattended.

• Never exceed the equipment’s safe working load (SWL).

• Check the condition of the equipment before use.

• Always check to determine if equipment show signs of damage or excessive wear. If so, tag it out
using a Danger – Don’t Use It – Unsafe Tag.

• Gin Wheels / Safety Pulleys shall always install and operate according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations. (Further recommended details can be found in the scaffolding guideline)

4.16.2 Gin Wheels must:

• Have an identification number

• Have a safe working load (SWL)

Example: 110 pounds (50 kilograms) marked on the wheel

• Run freely and true, with no visible signs of corrosion, excessive wear, deformity, or contamination
from oil, paints, concrete, etc.

• Have edges that are free from any sharp edges that could damage the rope

• Not be crimped, which will prevent the rope from running smoothly.

• Have 2 split pins in place, unbroken, and not corroded

• Have a center pin that does not show any signs of excessive wear

• Note: Bent over nails are not an acceptable alternative to the 2 split pins.

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• The supporting ring/hook must not be cracked, damaged, or deformed.

• Note: Refer to Scaffold Guideline for attachment ring checklist.

• Note: A gin wheel/safety pulley must be inspected daily/each shift before use. If the wheel/pulley
is part of a scaffold, the inspection must be performed by a Competent Person

4.16.3 Rope(s) in use must:

• Have a means of identification (ID tag with Safe Working Load. SWL).

• Be in sound condition and not cut, frayed, worn, or damaged.

• Not be kinked or contaminated by oil, paints, etc.

• Be firm and consistent along the rope length.

• Have ends that are properly spliced.

• Equipment should never be pushed beyond its design limits. If the equipment is not capable of
the task, then consider other methods.

• When not in use the equipment shall be stored somewhere clean, dry, and safe.

Note: Rope or webbing is vulnerable to damage, wear, and tear during operations. Therefore,
adequate arrangements must be made for storage and inspection of all ropes.

4.16.4 Gin Wheel/Pulley Set Up

• Double check that the equipment has a sufficient SWL for the item being lifted.

• Record SWL on the wheel; example: 110 lbs (50 kg).

• Use a suitable rope of either 0.71 or 0.79 inches (18 or 20 millimeters) that is also long enough for the
required drop.

• Check and confirm that the suspension/anchorage point is tested and certified to the equivalent (or
preferably greater) SWL of the wheel/pulley — allow a 10 percent safety margin to accommodate
dynamic forces that may arise during the course of a lift.

• Carefully select a safe area where coworkers and members of the public are not a risk and barrier off
a working zone on the ground/floor below the wheel.

• Fix a gin wheel horizontal supporting tube with double couplers to 2 standards.

• Use a sleeve coupler where a joint occurs on the inside standard between the supporting tube and
the working platform.

• Suspend a gin wheel from its supporting tube no more than 2 feet (0.6 meter) from the scaffold.

• Ensure a load-bearing fitting is used on each side of the gin wheel on the horizontal support tube.

• Remove any obstructions (such as transoms) from the rope’s route of travel.

4.16.5 When Using Gin Wheel

• Use either a suitable shackle or slide the loop on the wheel’s bracket over a scaffold pole and retain in
place using a scaffold clip on either side.

• Once secured, feed the rope over the wheel and continue until the rope reaches the ground or the
areas where the load is to be lifted from or lowered to.

4.16.6 Rope and Gin Wheel Use

• Ensure that the load is balanced, stable, and that personnel stand clear of the raised load.

• Make sure that anyone in the immediate work area is warned of what you are doing.

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• Do not shock-load this equipment.

• Determine the load’s weight and center of gravity as accurately as possible.

• Never stand directly under the load; keep others clear and concentrate at all times.

• In addition to standard PPE, gloves appropriate for this work must be worn.

• When lowering materials over the side, the top man must ensure that the person below is holding
the rope securely and is ready to receive the load.

• If the item to be raised has a dedicated lifting eye, ensure that it is in good condition before you
attach the hook.

• If the item has no lifting eye, suitable slings/chains must be used.

• Make sure the load is properly secured; use the rolling hitch knot for tubes and the timber hitch knot
for boards.

• Before lifting, ensure the load is free and not restrained by fixings, etc.

• Lift the load a nominal distance to check balance and security of the load.

• Use tag lines to control long or bulky loads.

• Assess the weight and shape of the system components for every load before deciding on the
number of items to attach to the wheel.

• When raising/lowering more than 1 tube or board, use and additional half-hitch knot to improve the
grip on the load. The maximum amount of material to be lifted or lowered:

− 1-1/2 inches (2 x 38 millimeters) thick boards of any length

− 1 galvanized tube up to 21 feet (6.4 meters)

− 2 galvanized tubes up to 10 feet (3.1 meters)

− 3 galvanized tubes up to 8 feet (2.4 meters)

• Only lifting bags or baskets of sufficient size, strength, etc., are to be used for raising fittings.

Note: Once raised, lower as soon as possible. Do not leave the load suspended or unattended for
any reason.

• Gently lower the load and then remove it from the rope.

• Remove the rope from the wheel/pulley and remove from its mounting position.

4.16.7 Safety Pulley

• Safety Pulleys shall always be installed and operated according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations.

4.17 Inclement Weather

4.17.1 Scaffold designs shall take into account the location and likelihood of inclement weather and wind loadings in
exposed areas.

4.17.2 The Contractor Project Manager or designee, with advice from a competent scaffolder, shall determine if it is
safe to work on or from scaffolds during storms or high winds.

4.17.3 Following any inclement weather that is likely to have affected the structural strength and stability of scaffolds,
such as high winds and heavy rain, shall have a recorded inspection completed by a designated Competent
Person.

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5 LADDERS
5.1 Selection and Use
5.1.1 Prior to using a ladder, a pre-use check should be carried out to ensure that it is safe to use. A pre-use check
should be carried out by:

• The User

• Before using the ladder for a work task

• After something has changed i.e. a ladder dropped or moved from a dirty area to a clean area (check
state or condition of feet)

5.1.2 Managers and supervisors will ensure ladders meet the following requirements:

• Designed and constructed to a recognized international standard such as American National

Standards Institute (ANSI) standards or EN131:

• Have rungs and steps that are:

- Slip resistant by design or coated with a skid-resistant material

- Fixed to prevent turning or rolling when stepped on

• Uniformly spaced as follows:

- For portable ladders — 10 to 12 inches (25.4 to 30.5 centimeters)

- For step stools — 8 to 12 inches (20.3 to 30.5 centimeters)

• Have safety feet equipped with nonslip bases to help prevent slipping.

• Have components with smooth surfaces to prevent punctures, lacerations, and to prevent snagging
clothing.

• Wooden ladders will have a preservative treatment.

• Have metal spreaders or locking devices on stepladders to hold the ladder in an open position during
use.

• Are handled with care and not subjected to unnecessary abuse or misuse.

5.1.3 Ladders found to have defects will be withdrawn from service for repair or destruction or tagged out of service.

5.1.4 Trestle ladders are not designed for climbing and no one should be allowed to do so. When using trestle
ladders for scaffold board supports, a separate ladder will be used to access the scaffold deck

5.1.5 Prior to the use of a ladder an assessment must be made during the work planning to ensure that the work to
be carried out on the ladder is of short-duration and light duty. If this is not possible then alternative access
such as a working platform must be considered.

5.1.6 Managers and supervisors will ensure that employees know how to select ladders in accordance with the
following:

• The ladder is the right height for elevated work.

• The ladder has no limitations that would interfere with performance of the work.

• The ladder is specifically rated and designed for the task.

Note: If the ladder has attachments, such as braces to span windows or planks used for work
platforms, the attachments will be designed for the particular type of ladder and purchased and used
as 1 unit.

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5.1.7 Employees will observe the following in the handling and using ladders:

• Use fall protection when working off of a ladder 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above the work surface
when appropriate.

• Handle ladders with care and do not subject them to abuse or misuse.

• Do not allow paint or other material coatings to build up on ladders preventing thorough inspection.

• Do not use metal ladders around electrical services or welding.

• Attach a 0.5-inch (1.3-centimeter) diameter (minimum) rope to the top rung of stepladders or to the
third rung from the top of straight and extension ladders to provide a tie-off rope (if feasible) when
the ladder is set up (applies to ladders more than 6 feet (1.8 meters) in height).

• Extend ladders used to access another work surface a minimum of 3 feet (0.9 meter) past the level
you are accessing.

• Position ladders only on stable and level surfaces; do not place a ladder on items such as boxes or
barrels to reach additional height.

• When placed in “working position,” ensure that the rungs, cleats, and steps are parallel to the surface
and uniformly spaced.

• Do not use ladders for braces, skids, levers, runways, platforms, scaffolds, or other uses for which
they were not intended.

• Do not overreach or use excess force while working at heights on a ladder.

• Place the ladder so the work is at chest level and horizontally positioned so the work is either
centered or as near to the side rails as possible.

• Do not work with another employee on the same ladder unless the ladder is specifically designed for
2 people.

• Keep the area around the top and bottom of a ladder clear to prevent tripping or slipping while the
ladder is in use.

• When a building or structure has 2 or more points of access between levels, keep at least 1 point of
access clear to permit free passage.

• Set up ladders so the weight is evenly distributed between the vertical members. For extension
ladders, evenly distribute the weight between the rails.

• Do not tie or fasten ladders together to provide longer sections unless they are specifically designed
for this application.

• Always face the ladder when ascending or descending and always keep 3 limbs in firm points of
contact with the ladder. Carry tools or equipment securely in a work belt or hoist them to the work
area using equipment designed for hoisting.

• Do not “load” the ladder beyond the rated capacity.

• Do not place ladders in a doorway unless the door is blocked open or locked, or the area is
barricaded.

• Do not allow others to stand under or pass through the bottom ladder area.

• Ensure that shoes, hands, gloves, and the ladder steps are free of grease, mud, or anything that
could cause an employee to slip while climbing.

• Do not place ladders against any structure or equipment that is not strong and rigid enough to
support the ladder, or that is not sufficiently anchored.

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• Ladders can vary greatly in size and weight. Do not try to position larger heavy ladders alone. Use the
buddy system to carry and place in proper position.

5.2 Straight/Extension Ladders

5.2.1 Employees will observe the following when using straight or extension ladders:

• Place straight or extension ladders so that the horizontal distance from the support is equal to 1/4 of
the height from the working surface to the top contact. 4:1 Ratio

Example: Place a 12-foot (3.7-meter) ladder so that the bottom is 3 feet (0.9 meter) from
the object against which the top is leaning).

• Secure straight ladders by holding or lashing while in use. Nonslip bases are not a substitute for care
in positioning, lashing, or holding the ladder.

• Before climbing an extension ladder, ensure locking clips (stops) are securely in place.

• Do not use straight ladders longer than 20 feet (6.1 meters).

• Do not use extension ladders longer than 30 feet (9.1 meters) when fully extended.

5.3 Stepladders
5.3.1 Employees will observe the following when using stepladders:

• Tie off the ladder or have someone hold stepladders when working on unstable ground.

Note: Observe the limits imposed on self-supporting ladders (stepladders and platform ladders)
by the manufacturer, such as not using the top 2 steps or the top platform as a step and fully
extending and locking the braces. Use stepladders on clean, level surfaces. Self-supporting
ladders are more stable if you lean forward or back than if you lean to the side.

• Use stepladders in the fully open position with the locking devices set

• Do not use folded stepladders as a straight ladder or to access another work surface

• Do not step or stand on the top step or (top) platform

• Do not use the cross bracing on the rear section of stepladders for climbing unless the ladder is
designed for such use (that is, has steps for climbing on both front and rear sections)

• Do not use step and platform ladders that are longer than 12 feet (3.7 meters) as determined by the
front rail.

5.4 Inspection and Maintenance of Ladders

5.4.1 Employees will observe the following when inspecting and maintaining ladders:

• Maintain ladders so that they are in good condition

• Do not paint wooden ladders except for the platform and top step, which should be painted to
indicate that users are not to step there. Clear preservatives may be used so defects are not hidden.

• Store ladders where they are protected from damage with good ventilation and away from excessive
heat

• Storage racks should have sufficient support points to prevent sagging. Log ladders require support
every 6 feet (1.8 meters).

• Do not place materials on stored ladders.

• Pay extra attention to ladders that are stored on vehicle rack systems for extended periods of time.

• Inspect ladders before issuing and before each use

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• Inspect ladders for structural defects such as broken or missing rungs, cleats, or steps; bent, broken,
or split side rails; corroded or missing components; worn bolts, rivets, and the holes in the ladder
where the bolts or rivets pass through.

• Inspect mechanical features of the ladder to ensure that they are in good working order as follows:

− Clean and lubricate moving parts such as hinge points, pins, or pulleys

− Make sure that ropes on the ladder are not frayed, worn, or weather-damaged

− Ensure that feet operate effectively through their full range of motion

− Ensure that extension ladder latches or stepladder locking braces are not bent or damaged and
operate correctly.

• Immediately remove defective ladders from service and tag or label the ladder as defective. The tag
or label should say “DANGER – DO NOT USE.”

− Destroy ladders destined for disposal

− Repair ladders to design conditions before returning them to service

− Repair according to manufacturer’s directions

• Ladders should be properly supported during transport by motor vehicles. Support points should be
made of a material (such as wood or rubber coated and iron pipe) that will minimize chafing and the
effects of road shock.

5.5 Personal Protective Equipment

The PPE required will be described in the Job Safety analysis/ risk assessment / safe work plan but will typically include
hard hat, safety glasses and footwear, gloves and Personal Fall Protection Equipment, as required.

Adequate arrangements must be made for inspection and storage of Personal Protective Equipment.

5.6 Training
5.6.1 Employees will be trained by a Competent Person in the following areas, as applicable:

• The nature of fall hazards in the work area

• The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection systems to be
used

• The proper construction, use, placement, care, and handling of ladders

• The maximum intended load-carrying capacities of ladders used

• The information in this practice

• Retrain as necessary. Training will be documented.

5.6.2 Scaffold users will be trained in hazard recognition and control measures associated with the type of scaffold
being used, including the following:

• Nature of potential scaffold hazards such as falls, falling objects, electrical, etc.

• Pre-use inspection criteria

• Maximum intended load and load-carrying capacities

• The proper construction, use, placement, care, and handling of ladders

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• Other specific user requirements unique for the required work

• All persons who erect, dismantle, or use scaffolds will be retrained when necessary to ensure their
proficiency or provide updated information on hazards or changes.

5.6.3 Training and supervision

• A Competent Person(s) shall provide supervision and ensure provision of appropriate levels of
supervision considering the nature of the work and the competence of the scaffolders involved.

• A Competent Person(s) will provide training on erection, maintenance, inspection, use, and dismantling
of scaffolds as outlined below.

• Inexperienced scaffolders will require a higher degree of supervision and direction than an experienced
and trained scaffolder.

5.6.4 Erectors and Inspectors Training

• Scaffold erectors and maintenance/repair persons will be trained specifically in the following areas, as
applicable:

− Nature of potential scaffold hazards such as falls, falling objects, etc.

− Procedure for erecting, maintaining, inspecting, and dismantling scaffolds

− Design criteria and load-carrying capacities

− Identification of fall hazards, and falling object protection systems associated with scaffolds and
platforms

− Use of fall protection and fall protection systems (erecting, maintaining, and disassembling)

− Other training and supervisory requirements unique to a scaffold erectors and maintenance/repair
issues.

6 REFERENCES
6.1 Resources

Description Reference No.

Saudi Building Codes External reference

Australian Government
External reference
Safety and Compensation Council; List of National Codes of Practice/Standards
European Union
External reference
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
United Kingdom
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
External reference
“Relevant UK Health & Safety Regulations made under the Health & Safety at Work
etc. Act 1974”

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6.2 Supporting Documents

Description Reference No.

H&S Leadership Policy RSG-HS-PLC-0001

Health and Safety Management System Manual RSG-HS-MNL-0001
Pre-Task Planning Risk and Opportunity Management RSG-HS-ADM-0009
Work at Height RSG-HS-COS-0002
Personal Protective Equipment RSG-HS-COS-0001
Emergency Preparedness and Response RSG-HS-ADM-0007

6.3 Forms and Templates

Description Reference No.

Job Safety Analysis RSG-HS-FRM-0001

Scaffold Checklist – Erection RSG-HS-FRM-0046

7 APPENDICES
Appendix A - Scaffolds Guideline
Appendix B - Inspection Requirements

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APPENDIX A: RSG-HS-C0S-0008
SCAFFOLDS GUIDLINE

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1. PURPOSE

This guidance provides advice on compliance with requirements outlined in the Scaffold Portable Ladders Procedure
RSG-HS-COS-0008 for scaffold design, erection, use, adjustments, and dismantling.

2. APPLICATION
This procedure applies to all scaffolding related work activities for employees under the control of RSG and its
contractors. Any stricter in-country requirements for scaffolding shall be adapted over the requirements in this
Procedure.

3. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1. Competent Person(s)
The designated Competent Person(s) are responsible for scaffold selection, erection, and dismantling as well as
identification of safety hazards, technical defects/omissions of equipment or work procedure. These persons should
have sufficient professional and technical knowledge and experience to complete assigned duties at the level of
responsibility allocated to them.

Refer to procedure Scaffolding for mandatory requirements related to Competent Person(s).

4. SCAFFOLD CONSTRUCTION
Scaffolds will be constructed, modified, and altered only with knowledge of the maximum intended load and in
accordance with the design criteria and the manufacturer’s recommendations.

The following table may be used as information for minimum and maximum permissible spans for 2 inches by 10
inches (5.1 centimeters by 25.4 centimeters) or wider wood planks.

Full Thickness Nominal Thickness

Undressed Lumber Lumber1

Working load, kPa (p.s.f.) 1.2 (25) 2.4 (50) 3.6 (75) 1.2 (25) 2.4 (50)

Permissible span, m (ft) 3.1 (10) 2.4 (8) 1.8 (6) 2.4 (8) 1.8 (6)

1Nominal thickness lumber not recommended for heavy-duty use.

Table 1. Material

Note: Fabricated planks and platforms may be used in lieu of solid sawn wood planks. Maximum spans for such
units are according to manufacturer’s recommendations for the intended use/load.

5. SCAFFOLD ACCESS
Selection of unsuitable access equipment for the task or misuse of access equipment results in the most common type
of accidents – falls from heights.

Refer to sections Safety Precautions and Scaffold User Checklist.

6. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The following precautions must be followed:

• Never use unstable objects or makeshift devices to increase the working height of the scaffolds.

• Use portable ladders to increase the working height only after a Competent Person has determined
that the stability of the structure has not been compromised and adequate fall protection is in place.

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• Never straddle, stand on, or work outside the guardrail.

• Use mobile scaffolds only on firm, level surfaces. Lock the casters or wheels before using mobile
scaffolds.

• Never “ride” on scaffold while it is being moved.

• Remove or secure tools or materials before moving or relocating a scaffold.

• Use designated access means to descend or ascend a scaffold; Examples: stairs, attached ladder, or
specially designed end frames.

• Never climb on/over cross bracing or side rails for access.

• Keep only the tools and materials necessary to perform the task on the platform.

• Control slipping and tripping hazards by removing or securing tools or materials.

• Use fall protection systems, guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems, when working 6 feet
(1.8 meters) or more above a lower level.

• Never be in a position or use tools or equipment where there is a possibility of contacting an

energized overhead line.

• Contact the electrical utilities organization having jurisdiction for additional requirements if any
portion of your body, the tools, or the materials may come within 20 feet (6.1 meters) of the
energized line.

7. FALL PROTECTION DURING ERECTION, DISMANTLING AND ALTERING SCAFFOLD

During the erection, dismantling, and alteration of scaffolding, scaffolders must minimize the use of fall arrest in favor
of collective fall prevention.

Scaffolders shall create a “Safe Zone” using collective fall protection as a priority.

Note: It must be recognized that creating a Safe Zone does not completely eliminate the risk of a fall for all
scaffolding operations.

Use of hard hats, fall arrest equipment, and protection from falling objects are mandatory requirements.

8. CREATING SAFE ZONES

Note: Safe Zones shall be established using collective fall protection as a priority. Use of hard hats, fall arrest
equipment, and protection from falling objects are mandatory requirements.

There are several methods to creating safe zone with various proprietary collective fall protection systems and
methods of work available using standard scaffold materials that enable scaffolders to position temporary guardrails
in advance during scaffold erection and to maintain guardrails during dismantling or alteration.

The systems do not provide full protection and scaffolders must always wear appropriate personal fall arrest
equipment and tie off / clip on when exposed to the risk.

9. PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

Note: Personal fall arrest equipment is made from rope or webbing and is particularly vulnerable to damage and
wear and tear during scaffolding operations.
Adequate arrangements must be made for storage and inspection of all fall protection equipment, so that it is
maintained fit for use.

Refer to Scaffold procedure for required activities related to fall protection.

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10. FALLING OBJECT PROTECTIONS

Hard hats are a requirement. In addition, every employee on a scaffold will be provided with additional protection
from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toe boards, screens, or guardrail
systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the
falling objects.
Refer to Scaffold procedure for required activities related to falling object protections.

11. SCAFFOLD INSPECTION

A Competent Person will inspect scaffolds and their components, including gin wheels and safety pulleys that are to be
used, before the start of each work shift and after any event that could affect the structural integrity of the equipment.
Results of inspections must be documented, and scaffold Tags system shall be implemented.

12. SUSPENSION SCAFFOLDS

All suspension scaffolds will be designed and constructed to a recognized standard.

Note: Mandatory Requirements – The terms “must”, “shall”, “will”, and “require” mean that the item(s) is a
mandatory corporate requirement and that no deviation is permitted without approval through designated
supervisory channels. Refer to the Scaffolding Procedure.

13. AERIAL LIFTS AND ELEVATED WORK PLATFORMS

The use of an aerial lifts for scaffolding operations is only suitable for certain scaffolding operations, such as
suspended scaffolds and where selected must only be used for authorized and trained operators.

Figure 1. Aerial Lifts, Platforms

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14. PROPRIETARY ADVANCED GUARDRAIL SYSTEM (AGS)

AGS provide collective fall prevention for scaffolders when traversing along a boarded lift, erecting, altering or
dismantling scaffolding.

Temporary guardrails remain in place while the platform guardrails are installed or removed, allowing scaffolders to
maintain guardrail edge protection on working platforms at all times.

AGS suitability should be considered as part of the Job Safety Analysis (JSA).

Figure 2. AGS Fall Protection (1 of 3)

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Figure 3. AGS Fall Protection (2 of 3)

Figure 4. AGS Fall Protection (3 of 3)

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15. ADVANCED GUARDRAIL METHODS (AGM)

The AGM is a cost-effective method utilizing existing scaffolding material; however, it can be more time consuming
than proprietary systems.
Take the following steps to apply the AGM:

Step 1: Select materials to suit the length of the scaffold elevation and bay size to be protected. The uprights are
formed with 9 ft or 10 ft (2.7 m or 3 m) aluminum or steel scaffold tubes. A single tube is used to form the temporary
guardrail. An aluminum tube can be used to reduce the handling weight.

Step 2: Layout the tubes on the ground to form a “goal post” frame. Fix the guardrail to the end of the upright tubes
using right-angle couplers.

Step 3: Fix a second right angle coupler to each upright tube. Measure 41 inches (104 cm) down from the center of
the top coupler.

Note: These couplers must be positioned to the opposite side of the tube and fixed “up-side-down”.

Step 4: Using two scaffolders lift the frame and fix it to the ledger.

Step 5: The coupler can now be secured to fix the advanced guard rail in place. Scaffolders can now access the
platform and erect the next lift once the collective protection is in place.

Step 6: When the permanent guardrail has been installed, the advanced guardrail can be raised to the next level.

Figure 5. AGM Construction

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16. SCAFFOLDERS’ STEPS

The AGM system utilized a proprietary step that is fixed to the standard or guardrail 1m above the working platform.
The step enables the scaffolder to erect the guardrail protection for the lift above, in advance or removing the
guardrail from bellow, while dismantling.

The scaffolder is still exposed to the risk of fall from the step-up or through the gap between the ledger and guardrails
while accessing the step-up platform.

Note: Scaffolders MUST be clipped on, ideally to the back ledger, when using the steps.

Figure 6. Step Installation

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17. OTHER TYPES OF SCAFFOLDS

Applicable in-country requirements documents must be reviewed before scaffold erection, and erections plans must
be made specific to every set of requirements for every type of scaffold.

Types of scaffolds that may be used on a project or site, but not specifically addressed by this Guideline, include:

• Pole scaffolds

• Tube and coupler scaffolds

• Fabricated frame scaffolds

• Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds

• Bricklayers' square scaffolds

• Horse / Trestle scaffolds with handrails and suitable access.

• Form scaffolds and carpenters' bracket scaffolds

• Roof bracket scaffolds

• Outrigger scaffolds

• Pump jack scaffolds

• Ladder jack scaffolds

• Window jack scaffolds

• Crawling boards (chicken ladders)

• Step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds

• Single-point adjustable suspension

• Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages)

• Catenary scaffolds

• Float (ship) scaffolds

• Interior hung scaffolds

• Needle beam scaffolds

• Multi-level suspended scaffolds

• Mobile scaffolds

• Repair bracket scaffolds

• Stilts

• Multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stone setters' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and
masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.

18. SAFETY PULLEYS

The following are typical instructions/requirements - but always install and operate according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations:

• An auto-braking unit is supplied with its own mounting tube that should be attached to the scaffold using
standard scaffold clips.

• Before attaching the tube, ensure that the end fitted with a stop collar and spring pin are outermost.

– Feed the rope through the unit - start by feeding the rope between the rear spacer and roller.

– Next feed the rope between the main roller and the brake.

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Note: If you find that the brake gets in the way, press down on the brake rocker to hold it clear.

• Finally, feed the rope so that it is between the main roller and counterweight.

• Raise the unit and slide its rotating sleeve onto the mounting tube, ensuring it is pushed beyond the spring pin.

• Pull enough rope through the pulley to allow the rope to reach the ground or the area where the load is to be
lifted from or lowered to.

Note: The safety pulley has a braking system that will grip the rope if you lose control. It will only work if the
counterweight is set correctly and the SWL is not exceeded.

• Adjust the balancing counterweight so that it is set in position according to the length of drop of the load side
of the rope.

• To adjust its position, insert the pin spanner into the end of the counterweight.

• Loosen the counterweight by about 8 turns (counterclockwise) and move the counterweight to the required
position and relock.

19. GIN WHEELS, RINGS, HOOKS AND ROPES

Note: Refer to Scaffold procedure for mandatory requirements related to Gin Wheel/Safety Pulleys.

20. GIN WHEEL ERECTION, USER CHECKLIST

20.1. Attachment Ring
• Secured to two standards or braced, back of one

• Have the wheel secured to prevent sliding off the support

• Supporting standards, not joined with split pin

• Free of bends and twists.

• Allow for 360-degree free movement

• SWL-stamped

• Split pin fitted.

20.2. Rope Retaining Guide

• Free of bends and damage

• Brick is color-coded

• Split pin fitted

20.3. Rope Housing

• Free of bends and twists and suitable to house a 0.71-inch (18-millimeters) rope

• Allow for 360-degree movement

• Bush and center hole are in good order

• Split pin/washers are in good order.

• Center shaft is free of bends, wear, and tear.

Rope and wheel before use checks:

• Wheel must have an identification number

• Safe working load (SWL) marked on the wheel

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• Wheel runs freely and true, with no visible signs of corrosion, excessive wear, deformity, or contamination from
oil, paints, concrete, etc.

• Edge of wheel must be free from any sharp edges that could damage the rope

• Wheel must not be crimped, and rope must run smoothly

• Two (2) split pins must be in place, unbroken, and not corroded

Note: Bent over nails are not an acceptable alternative.

• Center pin must not show any signs of excessive wear.

• Supporting ring/hook must not be cracked, damaged, or deformed

• Rope will have identification (ID tag with SWL)

• Rope must be in sound condition and not cut, frayed, worn, or damaged

• Rope must not be kinked or contaminated by oil, paints, etc.

• Rope core must be firm and consistent along the rope length

• Rope ends will be properly spliced.

Note: Use of hard hats, fall arrest equipment, and protection from falling objects are mandatory requirements. Safe
Zones shall be established using collective fall protection as a priority.

21. SCAFFOLD USERS CHECKLIST

• Use scaffolds only for their intended purpose.

• Work from tagged scaffolds only.

• Comply with special conditions or the additional controls noted on the access tag.

• Never modify or remove a scaffold system, component, or status tag.

• Notify supervision immediately if a scaffold is damaged, weakened, or otherwise deficient.

• Ensure the scaffold is inspected:

– Before it is used

– On each work shift

– If something may have affected the structure

• Scaffold does not block exits, egress, paths, fire alarms, and fire suppression systems

• Scaffold is erected at a safe distance from power lines

• Ladders, stairs, ramps, etc. provide safe methods for accessing the scaffold

• Scaffold is plumb and level, and resting on stable footing and a firm foundation

• Scaffold foundation has not been undermined, including base plates on supported scaffolds

• Diagonal cross bracing is used to support the scaffold’s legs

• All required guys, ties, or bracing are installed to maintain the scaffold’s stability

• Working-level platforms are fully planked between guardrails, and secured

• Scaffold platforms are at least 18 inches (45.7cm) wide

• Indoor scaffolds are made of fire-retardant wood or other suitable materials

• Scaffold platforms are free of debris and slipping/tripping hazards

• Guardrails are firmly in place on all open sides/ends, where required

• Toe boards, screening, area barricades, or canopies are installed to provide falling object protection.

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APPENDIX B: RSG-HS-C0S-0008
INSPECTION REQUIRMENTS

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1. OVERVIEW
1.1. A Competent Person will visually inspect all ladders quarterly.
1.1.1. The Competent Person will ensure that the following items, at a minimum, are inspected (as applicable):

• Ladder is ANSI Type I or Type IA certified.

• Ladder possesses proper hardware (braces, rivets, spreaders, nuts, bolts, and feet).

• There are no cracks in wood, metal, or fiberglass.

• There is no evidence of rot.

• Wood ladders have adequate (such as linseed oil) preservation treatment.

• There are no splinters.

• Steps are in good condition.

• Hardware or metal rungs (interior/exterior) are not corroded.

• There are no dents or bends.

• Condition of extension ropes and pulleys is adequate.

• Safety feet are adequate.

• Tie-off ropes of the correct length/size are attached to straight, extension, and stepladders.

• Ladder and components are not covered in paint or other materials that could prevent proper
inspection.

Note: Bends, dents, cracks, lose or missing rivets, disconnected braces, and corrosion seriously weaken a ladder.
Carefully inspect the area around rivet points on fiberglass ladders for hairline stress cracks.

1.1.2. Inspections may be documented by the following color coding and tagging.

• A color code system could be used to indicate current status of quarterly inspections such as (or
equivalent):

− January to March Red

− April to June Green

− July to September Blue

− October to December Yellow

• Inspection tags or labels will be used to document quarterly inspections and contain the following
information, at a minimum:

− Equipment/component description or ID number

− Inspector

− Date of inspection

Note: In lieu of color -coded inspection tags, colors may be applied with colored ty-wraps, paint (except on wooden
ladders), or tape. However, an inspection tag containing the above information will still be required.

1.1.3. Ladders found defective during quarterly inspections will be removed from service and destroyed or repaired in accordance
with manufacturer’s instructions.

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