GENERAL EDUCATION 28. CARBOHYDRATES- 2.

SYNTAX- pag-aaral o pag-uugnay-

1. CILIA- hair like structure monosaccharides, polysaccharides ugnay ng mga salita
2. DYSLEXIA- reading disorder 29. GEORGE ELIOT- Silas Marner/Mary 3. GREENHOUSE GASES
3. HOMER- first mythical Ann Evansd 4. SAPROTROPHS
geographer(Iliad and Odyssey) 30. ABRAHAM MASLOW- hierarchy of 5. MENDEL- genetics/heredity
4. SKYPE- face to face communication needs 6. NEGRITOS
5. ARTHROPODS- dengue 31. A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA- sinulat 7. MUTATION
6. 7x2x2x2- 56 ni Rizal UST/ filipino youth hope 8. JOSE RIZAL- laong laan/dimasalang
7. BENIGNO AQUINO- worth dying for 32. MI PRIMERA INSPIRACION- poem 9. KOLOKYAL
8. PLASMA- hot gas of nuclei of Rizal for his mother 10. PAGYAYABANG- di-mahalagang
9. URBANA at FELIZA- siblings secret 33. MI ULTIMO ADIOS- poem written by salik sa pagtatalumpati
exchanged letter Rizal before execution 11. CARBON DIOXIDE- evening
10. PATINIG- 5 34. FOOD WEB- flow of food 12. HOMER- Iliad and Odyssey/
11. WALRUS- arctic environment 35. LOUIS PASTEUR- vaccine for mythical geographerp
12. BIENVENIDO SANTOS- filipino rabies 13. HAIKU- japanes poem 17 syllables
migrant writer/ fil-am “Scent of Apples” 36. LAO TZU- Taoism 14. HINDUISM
13. J. K ROWLING- Harry Potter 37. IMPERTINENT- irrelevant 15. BLOOD COMPACT
14. CALAMBA- Rizals birth place 38. TEODORA ALONSO- ina ni Rizal 16. GREGORIO DEL PILAR- Boy
15. MERITOCRACY- people of talent 39. 70-74 - para-teachers General
16. NARCISO CLAVERIA- spanish * 40. FIRING SQUAD- execution of 17. LIGHT- travels fastest in air
surnames Rizal 18. PANCREAS- insulin
17. RA 10533- Enhanced Basic 41. HAIKU- japanese poem three lines 19. NARCISO CLAVERIA- spanish
Education with 17 syllables surnames
18. RA 7836- Philippine Teachers 42. Had 20. EPISTOLARY
Professionalization Act 43. Augustinians- first missionaries 21. BIENVENIDO SANTOS- Scent of
19. RA 9293- Teacher 44. CONSUMMATUM EST- last words Apples
Applicants,Registraloootion etc. of Rizal 22. EL VERDADERO DECALOGO
20. PHOTOSYNTHESIS- process used 45. 3x2x2x2x2 - 48 23. MARK TWAIN- Samuel Clemens
by plants 46. Arbitraryo 24. UNION OBRERA DEMOCRATICA
21. ALIBATA- earliest form of writing 47. SALIKSIK- salitang ugat 25. SAHARA
22. ANALOGOUS ORGANS- bat's 48. SURFACE TENSION- toothpick 26. QUEEN ELIZABETH I
wings 49. COMMUNITY TAX- paid annually by 27. A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA - faith in
23. SALITANG UGAT- walang kahalong all adult citizens Filipino youth as hope of the fatherland
panlapi 50. HERBIVORES- eat plants only 28. MORAL AND ETHICAL
24. All together LUMABAS last March 27, 2022 LET STANDARDS
25. Diwata-1 - first microsatellite (THIRD BATCH) sa GENERAL 29. 7x2x2x2- prime factors of 56
26. Lathalain EDUCATION 30. GILOPEZ KABAYAO- played violin
27. AESOP'S FABLES- teach moral 1. SAPROPHYTES- feed on dead in public places/masses
lesson organism 31. LATHALAIN
32. INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES' 10. SAN PEDRO- from Angono 40.BICAMERALISM - legislative
TOXIC DISPOSED TO POORER 11. PLASMA- hot gasses from nuclei 41. LAO TZU- taoism
COUNTRIES 12. LA LIGA FILIPINA- organization 42. CONFUCIOUS- Han dynasty
33. ORTOGRAPIYA created by Rizal 43. 12.5% -
34. KABANATA I 13. DIWATA- 1st PH satellite 44. ARMED STRUGGLE- Andres
35. 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION 14. BIENVENIDO SANTOS- fil-am Bonifacio
36. ECOSYSTEM 15. SILAS MARNER- Gorge Eliot 45. HARRY POTTER- J.K Rowling
37. REDUCCION- cabeceras 16. MICROBIAL CULTURE 46. COMMUNITY TAX- tax paid by
38. SKYPE 17. BANGLADESH- with dispute in community adult
39. HYPERTONIC SOLUTION south china sea (EXCEPT) 47. HOMER- 1st mythical
40. PANG-URI 18. IMPROMTU geographer(vivid description)
41. MAGELLAN- discovered in 1521 by 19. SUN- PRIMARY PRODUCER- 48 NINOY AQUINO- Worth dying for
a portuguese explorer PRIMARY CONSUMER- 49 LOOSE- dress/gown
42. LEECHES DECOMPOSER 50. MERITOCRACY- talent
43. THEMSELVES 20. HERBIVORE- eat plants and alge
44. FONDNESS 21. ATENEO- primary education of Rizal
45. IN VITRO- test tube 22. MI ULTIMO ADIOS- poem written by
46. BY LINE- name of the writer of the Rizal before execution
article 23. SUN STROKE- Electrolytes
47. BAIT 24. IMPERTINENT- irrelevant
48. METATESIS 25. CALAMBA- Rizal's birth place
49. PANDIWA 26. ANDRES BONIFACIO- armed
50. COMMA-SHAPED- vibrio cholera struggle
Magiging LPT ka this year. Claim it! 27. SKYPE- communication
LUMABAS last January 30, 2022 sa 28. SALIKSIK- sinaliksik
GENERAL EDUCATION 29. NARCISO CLAVERIA- spanish
1. REIN- horse rein surnames
2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS- process use by 30. AETAS- found in Zambales, Tarlac,
plants/ processes Pampanga
3. LOUIS PASTEUR- vax for rabies 31. HAIKU- Except with figure of speech
4. PINATUBO- 1990 32. ARTHROPODA- dengue
5. MI PRIMERA INSPIRACION- 1st 33. HEREDITY- Mendel
poem dedicated to his mother. 34. LAGUHAN- pagsumigawan
6. ELIZABETH BARRET BROWNING- 35. WALANG PANLAPI- payak na
sonnet for her husband salitang ugat
7. CONFERENCING- skype, zoom, 36. 7x2x2x2 = 56
microsoft 37. PANITIKAN- Kwento
8. TEODORA ALONSO- Rizal's mother 38. PABULA- hayop/ may aral
9. FIRING SQUAD- Rizal's Execution 39. LATHALAIN
THE FATHER OF . . . The the founder of Lake School of William Dunber
Geoffrey Chaucer poetry The Chaucer of Scotland
The Father of English Literature Venerable Bede John Dryden
The Father of English Poetry The Father of English Learning. The Father of English criticism
The Father of English Language The Father of English History William of Newbury
The Morning Star of the Renaissance Francis Bacon The Father of Historical Criticism
The First National Poet The Father of English Essay Alexander Pope
Edmund Spenser The Father of Modern English Prose The Mock heroic poet
The Poet’s poet (by Charles Lamb) The Child of Renaissance Henry Fielding
The Child of Renaissance John Donne The Father of English Novel
The Bridge between Renaissance and The Poet of love Bloomfield
Reformation The Metaphysical poet The Father of Modern Linguistics
The poet of poets; child of Renaissance The Father of metaphysical school of Emerson
William Shakespeare poetry The Father of American
The Bard of Avon Hazlitt Transcendentalism
The Father of English Drama The critic of critics Montaigne
The Sweet Swan of Avon The father of Cockney school of poetry The Father of Essays
The exponent of tragi-comedy Marlowe Walter Scott
The Bard The founder of Knight School of Poetry The Father of Historical Novel
John Milton The Morning star of English drama Thomas Kyd
The Epic poet Jane Austin The Father of Revenge Tragedy
The great master of verse The exponent of domestic novel Charles Lamb
The Lady of the Christ College The Founder of Wessex Novels The Prince of English Essayists
The Poet of the Devil’s Party King Alfred the Great Robert Southey
The Master of the Grand style The Father of English Prose The founder of Satanic School of Poetry
The Blind Poet of England Aeschylus (also Byron, to some)
Robert Burns The Father of Tragedy Petrarch
The Bard of Ayrshire (Scotland) Nicholas Udall The founder of sonnet
The National Poet of Scotland The First English Comedy Writer Mathew Arnold
The Rabbie Gutenberg The founder of touchstone method
The Ploughman Poet The Father of Printing Rossetti
William Wordsworth William Caxton The founder of Pre-Raphaelite
The Worshipper of Nature The Father of English Press movement
The High Priest of Nature John Wycliffe Horace Walpole
The Poet of Nature The Morning Star of the Reformation The father of Gothic novels
The Lake Poet Christopher Marlowe I.A. Richards
The Poet of Childhood The Father of English Tragedy The exponent of practical criticism
 Browning 3. 𝗔𝗹𝗹𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 - a reference to a well- 12. 𝗕𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗸 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲 - poetry written in
The founder of dramatic monologue known person, place, event, unrhymed iambic pentameter. An
Thomas Gray literary work, or work of art. iamb is a foot consisting of one
The Founder of Graveyard School of
4. 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗮 - a sound device that weak stress followed by one
poetry
Johnson and Dryden repeats a word or words at the strong stress.
those who coined the word beginning of two or more 13. 𝗖𝗮𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗮 - a pause or a break
‘Metaphysical’ for poetry successive clauses or verses. in the middle of a line of poetry.
Eugene O Neil 5. 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲 - a brief story about 14. 𝗖𝗹𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘅 - the highest point of
The father of modern drama an interesting, amusing, or strange interest or suspense in a literary
Edgar Allan Poe event. work.
The father of short story 6. 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗼𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁- a character or force 15. 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗶𝘁 - an unusual or
W. B. Yeats
in conflict with a main character, or surprising comparison between
The father of Irish Theatre Movement
CTTO protagonist. Not all stories contain two different things.
Subject to correction antagonists. 16. 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 - an association
Thank you lang sapat na! 7. 𝗔𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗺 - a general truth or that a word calls to mind in
observation about life, usually addition to the dictionary meaning
stated concisely and pointedly. of the word.
Often witty and wise, aphorisms 17. 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 - the repetition of
appear in many kinds of works. consonant sounds at the ends of
𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗥𝗬 𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗦 | 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗣𝗧𝗦 8. 𝗔𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲 - a figure of speech words or accented syllables.
1. 𝗔𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗼𝗿𝘆 - a story or a tale with in which a speaker directly 18. 𝗗𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 - the objective
two or more levels of meaning - a addresses an absent person, or a meaning of a word, independent of
literal level and one or more personified quality, object, or idea. other associations that the word
symbolic levels. The events, 9. 𝗔𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲- in a play, it is a speech brings to mind.
setting, and characters in an delivered by an actor in such a 19. 𝗗𝗶𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘂𝗲 - a conversation
allegory are symbols for ideas and way that other characters on stage between characters. Writers use
qualities. are presumed not to hear it. dialogue to reveal character, to
2. 𝗔𝗹𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 - is the repetition of 10. 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 - the repetition of present events, to add variety to
consonant sounds at the vowel sounds in conjunction with narratives, and to arouse their
beginning of words or accented dissimilar consonant sounds. readers’ interest.
syllables. 11. 𝗕𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗱 - a songlike poem that 20. 𝗘𝗹𝗲𝗴𝘆 - a solemn and formal
tells a story, often dealing with lyric poem about death, often one
adventure and romance.
that mourns the passing of some 29. 𝗛𝘆𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗹𝗲 - a deliberate Barbara Streisand is not a bad
particular person. exaggeration or overstatement, singer.)
21. 𝗘𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆 - a short non-fiction work (e.g. There is a garden on her 34. 𝗟𝗼𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗿 - the use of
about a particular subject. face.) characters and details unique to a
22. 𝗙𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 - prose writing that tells 30. 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲 - a word or phrase that particular place or geographic
about imaginary characters and appeals to one or more of the five area.
events. Short stories and novefs senses. 35. 𝗟𝘆𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝗺 - a melodic poem
are works of fiction. 31. 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘆 - the descriptive: or that expresses the observations
23. 𝗙𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲 - writing figurative language used in and feelings of a single speaker.
or speech not meant to be taken literature to create word pictures 36. 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗿- a figure of speech
literally. for the reader. These pictures are in which one thing is spoken of as
24. 𝗙𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗲𝗰𝗵 - an created by details of sight, sound, though it were something else. It
expression or a word used taste, touch, smell,'or movement. expresses an indirect or implied
imaginatively rather than literally. 32. 𝗜𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘆 - a contrast between comparison of two things which
Many writers use figures of what is stated and what is meant, are not evidently comparable.
speech - apostrophe, hyperbole, or between what is expected to 37. 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗼𝗻𝘆𝗺𝘆 - a figure of speech
metaphor, simile, metonymy, happen and what actually that entails using a word that
synecdoche, personification, happens. In verbal irony, a word or closely relates to a person or
oxymoron. a phrase is used to suggest the thing, (e.g. The pen is mightier
25. 𝗙𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗵𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗸 - a section of a opposite of its usual meaning. In than the sword.)
literary work that interrupts the dramatic irony, there is a 38. 𝗠𝗶𝘅𝗲𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗿 - when two
chronological presentation of contradiction between what a metaphors are jumbled together,
events to relate an event from an character thinks and what the e.g. the thorns of life rained down
earlier time. reader or audience knows to be on me.
26. 𝗙𝗼𝗶𝗹 - a character who provides true. In irony of situation, an event 39. 𝗢𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗲𝗶𝗮 - the use of
a contrast to another character. occurs that directly contradicts the words that imitate sounds, e.g.
27. 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 - the use of expectations of the characters, of buzz, hiss, murmur, hum.
clues that suggest events that the 40. 𝗢𝘅𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗼𝗻 - a figure of speech
have yet to occur. reader, or of the audience. that combines two opposing or
28. 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲 - poetry that lacks 33. 𝗟𝗶𝘁𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 - a figure of speech contradictory
a regular rhythmical pattern or that makes a deliberate ideas, (e.g. freezing fire, cruel
meter. understatement to affirm by kindness)
negating its opposite, (e.g.
41. 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘅 - a statement that the whole thing, (e.g. No roving 5. CURRICULUM
seems to be contradictory but foot shall crush thee here.) a. It is based on students needs and
interest
actually presents a truth. It is 49. 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗲 - a central message or b. It is always related to instruction
surprising or shocking to draw the insight into life revealed by a c. Subject matter is organized in terms of
readers’ attention to what is being literary work. knowledge ,skills and values
said, e.g. ‘Because I could not d.the process emphazise problem solving
e. Curriculum aims to educate generalist
stop for death/He kindly stopped and
for me.’ 50. 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗲 - the writer’s attitude not specialist
42. 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘆 - a humorous imitation toward his or her subject, 6. BEHAVIORIST PSYCHOLOGY
of a literary work, one that characters, or audience.  Learning should be organized so that
exaggerates or distorts the students can experience success in the
1. ESSENTIALISM process of mastering the subject matter
characteristic features of the 7. COGNITIVE PSYCOLOGY
original.  The teacher is the sole athourity in
her subject area or field of specialization  Learning constitutes a logical method
43. 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗳𝗶𝗼𝗻 - a figure of for organizing and interpreting learning
 Excellence in education ,back to
speech that gives human traits to basics and cultural literacy 8. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
inanimate objects or ideas. 2. PERENNIALISM  Curriculum is concerned with the
44. 𝗦𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗿𝗲 - writing that ridicules or  Teachers help students think with process not the products
reason based on socratic methods of oral  personal needs not subject matter
criticizes individuals, ideas,
exposition or recitation ,explicit or  psychological meanings and
institutions, social conventions, or environmental situations
deliberate teaching of traditional values
other works of art or literature.  Use of great books and return to 9. SOCIAL FOUNDATION OF
45. 𝗦𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗲 - a figure of speech that liberal arts CURRICULUM
makes a direct comparison 3. PROGRESSIVSM  Society as ever dynamic,is a source
between two  Subjects are of very fast changes which are difficult to
interdisciplinary,integrative and interactive cope with
subjects using (ike or as. 10. PHILOSOPHICAL AND
 Curriculum is focused on students
46. 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘁 - a lyric poem PSYCHOLOGICAL
interest,human problems and affairs
composed of 14 iambic  School reforms ,relevant and
FOUNDATION OF CURRICULUM
pentameter lines focusing on contextualized curriculum,humanistic  Helps in answering what school are
a single theme. education for ,what subject are important, how
4. RECONSTRUCTIONISM students should learn,and what materials
47. 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗹 - anything that stands and methods should be used
for or represents something else.  Teacher act as agents of change and
11. HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF
reform in various educational projects
48. 𝗦𝘆𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗱𝗼𝗰𝗵𝗲 - a figure of including research
CURRICULUM
speech in which a part of  Equality of educational opportunities
something is used to 𝗽stand for in education,access to global education
 Shows different changes in the  What methods and instruments will 28. SUBJECT MATTER/CONTENT
purposes ,principles and content of the be used to asses the results of curriculum  It is the compendium of
curriculum 21. INTEREST facts ,concepts,generalization,principles
12. GOOD CURRICULUM  A learner will value the content or and theories.
 Complements and cooperates with subject matter if it is meaningful to him/her  It is individuals personal and social
other programs of the community 22. SIGNIFICANCE world and how he or she defines reality
 Provides for the logical sequence of  When content or subject matter will 29. EVALUATION APPROACHES
subject matter contribute the basic  Refer to the formal determination of
 Continuosly involving ideas,concepts,principles and the quality,effectiveness or value of the
 Complex of detail generalization to achieve the overall aim program,process and product of the
13. WRITTEN CURRICULUM of the curriculum then it is significant curriculum
 Teacher Charisse implements or 23. LEARNABILITY 30. INPUT
delivers her lessons in the classroom  Subject matter is the curriculum  In the CIPP Model by Stufflebeam the
based on a curriculum that appear in should be within the range of the goals,instructional strategies ,the
school,district or division documents experience of the learners learners ,the teachers the content and all
14. RECOMMENDED CURRICULUM 24. UTILITY materials needed in the curriculum
 Proposed by schoolars and  Usefulness of the content or subject 31. CONTEXT
professional organization matter may be relative to the learner who  Referes to the environment of the
15. HIDDEN CURRICULUM is going to use it. curriculum or the real situation where the
 Unintended curriculum which is not 25. LEARNING CONTENT OF A curriculum is operating
deliberately planned but may modify CURRICULUM 32. PROCESS
behavior or influence learning outcomes  Frequently and commonly used in  Refers to the ways and means of how
16. TAUGHT CURRICULUM daily life the curriculum has been implemented
 Teachers implement or deliver in the  Suited to the maturity levels and 33. PRODUCT
classrooms or schools abilities of students  Indicates
17. OBJECTIVES  Valuable in meeting the needs and
 Implement or component of the the competences of a future career
curriculum provides the bases for the 26. LEARNING EXPERIENCES
selection of content and learning  Elements or components of the
experience which also set the criteria curriculum includes instructional strategies Professional Education Key Points
against which learning outcomes will be and methods that put in action the goals Educational Technology
evaluated and use the contents in order to produce Entry - The teacher uses technology to
18. LEARNING EXPERIENCE the outcome deliver curriculum content to students.
 What instructional strategies 27. AIMS,GOAL and OBJECTIVES Adoption -The teacher directs students
resources and activities will be employed  They provide the bases for the in the conventional use of tool-based
19. CONTENT selection of learning content and learning software. If such software is available,
 What subject matter is to be included experiences this level is recommended.
20. EVALUATION APPROACHES  They also set the criteria against Adaptation- The teacher encourages
which learning outcomes will be evaluated adaptation of tool-based software by
allowing students to select a tool and Greenhouse effect--excessive presence destroyed but only changes form to
modify its use to accomplish the task at if carbon dioxide in the air trapping heat another.
hand. near the earths surface causing a rise in kinetic theory-- this kaw states that
Infusion -The teacher consistently temperature in the environment. matter is made up of a large number of
provides for the infusion of technology moon's gravitational pull-- causes high molecules which are continuous motion.
tools with understanding, applying, and low tides. absolute zero--the lowest possible
analyzing, and evaluating learning Ozone layer-- the Earth's shield against temperature that a substance can reach.
tasks. sun's harmful radiation. specific heat capacity--is the amount of
Transformation -The teacher cultivates long shore drift--movement of sand and heat required to raise the temperature of
a rich learning environment, where shingles along tge coast. kg. Of a substance by degree C.
blending choice of technology tools with 1950's--Theory of plate tectonics symbiotic relationship--the relationship
student-initiated investigations, generally accepted. of give-and-take of living organisms in a
discussions, compositions, or projects, Erosion--tge weathering away of rocks biosphere is a balanced of nature.
across any content area, is promoted. by water, wind and ice. aeration-- process of removing excess
© calorie--the unit of measurement of odor in water
energy in a given amount of food. jupiter--is one of the planets has the
amino acids--the building block of greatest gravitational pull.
General Science proteins. law of inertia--- is the law which
Autotrophs- these Are living things that DNA-- deoxyribonucleic acid. explains why one pull a piece without
use sunlight,chlorophyll, water and carbon parthenogenesis--the development of tapping a glass in a quick motion.
dioxide to produce food. egg without fertilization. work--application of energy.
circulatory system-it is best described Light-- source of energy needed for precipitation-- the falling of any form of
as the lifeline of the body;the body's" photosynthesis. water from the air to the Earth's surface.
pickup" and delivery system. scientific theory--is a hypothesis not yet ozone layer--the part of atmosphere
arteries- carries the oxygen-rich blood subjected to experimental test. that filters the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
to the head,arms,chest and down to the mass-- it is the measure of the amount Perihelion--the point in the Earths orbit
waist and the legs. of matter in an object. nearest to the sun.
neorons or nerve cells-- are transmitters speed--is the distance traveled by the aphelion-- the point in the earths orbit
of messages from the different parts of the body by per unit time and tell how fast or farthest to the sun.
brain and vice versa. slow the body moves phosphorescence-- a property of
brainstem--part of brain controls the acceleration---the rate of change of the minerals which gives off rays of light when
following activities: breathing, blood distance traveled per unit time in a stated exposed to ultraviolet light.
pressure,heart rate and alertness. direction.
Food chain-refers to a sequence of motion-- is the reluctance of the object
organisms in a community that constitutes to change either it's state of rest or FILIPINO –REVIEWER
a feeding chain. uniform motion in a straight line. LUPANG HINIRANG
Ecological community--is a group of Law of conservation energy-- this law -Ang pamagat ng ating pambansang awit
interactibg plants ,animals and human in a states that energy cannot be created nor at hindi "Bayang Magiliw".
particular area.
-Si JOSE PALMA ang sumulat sa titik nito Kilala sa sagisag panulat na "Diego -Ay isang awit sa pista .
at nilapatan ng musika ni JULIAN FELIPE. Laura" SAMBOTANI
PEDRO PATERNO -Siya ang may-akda ng "Fray Botod". -Ay isang awit sa tagumpay.
-Ay ang may-akda ng "Ninay". Ang -Ang akdang "Fray Botod" ay isang SALAGINTOK
"Ninay" ay ang kauna-unahang nobelang akdang tumutuligsa sa kamangmangan at -Isang awiting bayan na tungkol sa
Panlipunan sa wikang Kastila na sinulat pagmamalabis ng mga prayle. pakikipagkaibigan.
ng isang Pilipino. HERMOGENES ILAGAN ANDRES BONIFACIO
AMADO HERNANDEZ -Siya ang may-akda ng dulang ang -Isang tanyag na Pilipinong manunulat na
-Ama ng mga Manggagawa "Dalagang Bukid" na siyang naging may sagisag-panulat na "Agap-ito
-Ang mga sagisag niya sa panulat ay batayan ng awiting pan-Zarsuela. Bagumbayan".
ang : "Amante Ernani ", "Julio Abril", at INDARAPATRA AT SULAYMAN -Iba pang sagisag sa panulat niya ay
"Herminia dela Riva". Kilala sa kanyang -Ito ay isang kwento tungkol sa "May pag-asa", "Magdiwang ".
akdang Isang Dipang Lang it. pagpapadala ng prinsipe sa kanyang
BAYBAYIN o ALIBATA kapatid na lalaki upang patayin ang mga DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN
-Ito ang pinakaunang sistema ng pagsulat halimaw sa kabilang bundok. -Ay akda ni del Pilar . Ito ay kahawig ng
ng mga katutubong Pilipino. -Ito ay tinaguriang alamat ng Mindao. mga dasal na itinuturo ng mga prayle sa
PAGMAMALABIS O HYPERBOLE LUALHATI BAUTISTA mga Pilipino. Sa dasal na ito, lantaran
-Ay pag eeksaherada o pagmamalabis sa -Siya ang may mga akda ng mga niyang tinutuligsa ang mga kasalanan ng
isang kalagayan at kaya nman ay naging sumusunod, "Dekada `70" , "Gapo" , " mga prayle noon.
hindi kapani-paniwala. Bulaklak ng City Jail" at ang "Nena", at CAIINGAT CAYO
Halimbawa : "Bata, Bata, Pano ka Ginawa". -Ay isang akdang isinulat ni Del Pilar na
"Hindi ko kaya ang mabuhay sa mundo CELSO AL CARUNUNGAN nagtatanggol sa Noli Me Tangere ni Rizal.
kung mawawala ka sa piling ko." -Siya ang may-akda ng "Satanas sa Lupa" Ito ay sagot sa Caiingat Cayo ni Padre
LIWAYWAY ARCEO . Jose Rodriguez.
-Siya ang may-akda ng kwentong "Uhaw JUAN ABAD SANTOS APOLINARIO MABINI
ang Tigang na Lupa". -Siya ang may-akda ng "Tanikalang -May sagisag panulat na Paralitiko at ang
-Ito ay tungkol sa kwento ng mga taong Ginto". Ito ay ang unang dulang itinanghal tinaguriang "Utak ng Himagsikan".
uhaw sa pag-ibig, at silang lahat ay sa panahon ng Amerikano. -Siya ang kanang kamay ni Emilio
maihahambing sa tigang na lupa na AURELIO TOLENTINO Aguinaldo.
nauuhaw sa patak ng ulan. -Siya ang may-akda ng EMILIO JACINTO
GENOVEVA MATUTE "Kahapon ,Ngayon at Bukas". -Isang Pilipinong manunulat na may
-Siya ang may-akda ng maikling kwento BODABIL sagisag panulat na "Dimas-ilaw".
na "Kwento ni Mabuti". -Ito ay isang uri ng dula na pinaghalu- JOSE DE JESUS
-Ito ay tungkol sa buhay ng isang halong awitan,sayawan, drama at -Isang manunulat na Pilipino na may
karaniwang guro na may suliranin sa katatawan. sagisag sa panulat na "Huseng Batute".
buhay ngunit ito ay hindi naging sagabal MARCELO H. DEL PILAR ANTONIO LUNA
sa kanyang tapat na paglilingkod. -Siya ay si "DOLORES MANAPAT". -Isang Pilipinong manunulat na may
KUNDIMAN -Ilan pa sa mga sagisag sa panulat ni del sagisag panulat na "Taga-ilog".
-Isang awitin tungkol sa pag-ibig. Pilar ay ang "Plaridel", "Piping Dilat". JOSE DELA CRUZ
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA DAELENG
-Isang Pilipinong manunulat na may Father of Haploid Genetics / Neurospora
sagisasag panulat na "Huseng Sisiw". Genetics : Dodge CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
LOPE K. SANTOS Father of Ecology : Theophrastus SABERTOOTH CURRICULUM -
-Ay isang tanyag na Pilipinong manunulat Father of Cloning : Ian Willmut responsive to the environment
at tinaguriang "Ama ng Balarilang Father of Plant anatomy : Grew SPIRALLED CURRICULUM -
Tagalog." Father of Histology (Microscopic anatomy) increasing level of difficulty
: Malpighi CURRICULUM - planning, design,
Father of Cytology : Robert Hooke development, implement, evaluation,
Father of modern Cytology : Swanson engineering
Father of Paleontology : Leonard da Vinci
CURRICULUM PLANNING - aligned to
Father of modern Paleontology : Cuvier
mission, vision, goals
Father of Concept of Evolution:
Empedocles TYPES OF LESSON:
Father of Botany: Theophrastus • development lesson
Father of Modern Botany : Bauhin • review lesson
Father of Biology : Aristotle Father of Zoology : Aristotle • drill lesson
Father of Modern Biology: Linnaeus Father of Biochemistry : Liebig • appreciation lesson
Father of Antibiotics : Alexander Fleming Father of Epidemiology : John Snow ENCULTURATION TYPOLOGIES
Father of Taxonomy : Carolus Linnaeus Father of Plant Pathology : de Bary
Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner • pre-figurative
Father of Modern Pathology : Rudolf • post figurative
Father of Microbiology : Anton van Virchow
Leenuwenhoek • co figurative
Father of Genetic Engineering : Paul Berg
Father of Modern Microbiology : Louis ACCULTURATION TYPOLOGIES
Father of Gene therapy : Anderson
Pasteur Father of Ethology : Konard Lorentz • adopted change
Father of Medical Microbiology : Robert Father of Endocrinology : Thomas • free borrowing
Koch Addison SOCIETAL TRENDS - Alvin Teoffer
Father of Pathology : Rudolph Virchow Father of Eugenics : Galton • explosion
Father of Bacteriology : Robert Koch Father of Gerantology : Korenchevsk • implosion
Father of Virology : W.M.Stanley Father of Palynology : Erdtman • technoplosion
Father of Embryology : Aristotle Father of Stress physiology : Hans Selye
Father of Modern Embryology : Ernst Von • dysplosion
Father of Electrocardiography : Einthoven PREFIGURATIVE - learn older
Baer Father of DNA Fingerprinting : Alec
Father of Physiology : Stephan Hales generation
Jeffery
Father of Modern experimental physiology POST FIGURATIVE - learn younger
Father of Mycology : Micheli
: Calude Bernard generation
Father of Bryology : Hedwig
Father of Genetics : Rev. Gregor Mendel CO FIGURATIVE - learn same age
Father of Phycology:Father of ATP cycle:
Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson Lipmann ADOPTED CHANGE - acculturation
Father of Human Genetics/ Biochemical Father of Chemotherapy :Father of that is imposed
genetics : Arachibald Garrod Anatomy : Herophilus EXPLOSION - influx of people from
Father of Experimental Genetics : T.H. Father of Modern Anatomy : Andrea rural to urban
Morgan
 INPLOSION - influx of information 4 DOMAINS ARBORESCENT - growth is vertical
TECHNOPLOSION - influx of ICT tools 1. planning and preparation RHIZOMATIC - growth is horizontal
and gadgets 2. classroom environment PROGRESSIVE LEARNING - in order
DYSPLOSION - deterioration of human 3. instruction RETROGRESSIVE LEARNING -
values 4. professional response reverse order
KNOWLEDGE FOR PRACTICE – TRIVIUM - rhetoric (speech) | grammar ROTE LEARNING - not progressive or
malaman | teacher preparation (English) | logic retro
KNOWLEDGE IN PRACTICE – QUADRIVIUM – arithmetic | geometry | 5 MAJOR CLUSTERS OF
maranasan | artistry of practice music |astronomy STRATEGIES
KNOWLEDGE OF PRACTICE – ARITHMETIC - number itself • direct instruction
maunawaan | systematic inquiries about GEOMETRY - number in space • indirect instruction
teaching MUSIC - number in time • experiential learning
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT - ASTRONOMY - number in time and • independent study
decision making space • interactive instruction
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE HERACLITUS - one cannot bathe in the DIRECT INSTRUCTION - developing
• content knowledge same river twice skills or providing information
• pedagogical knowledge CURRICULUM - sum total of all the INDIRECT INSTRUCTION -
• technological knowledge experiences provided by the school to involvement
• context knowledge students for optimum growth and EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING - process
LEE S. SHULMANS - PCK model development not product
ELEMENT OF TIMELINESS – classic | HARD SKILLS - what do you want the INDEPENDENT STUDY - student
transcends through generation students to learn? initiative
ELEMENT OF TIMELESSNESS - can SOFT SKILLS - why do you want them INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION - social
withstand the test of time to learn it? skills
TOTAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY OF APPERCEPTION - PHILIPS 66 - students group by 6 |
• beginner survival familiar to unfamiliar 6mins time
• content survival EDUCATIONAL DELIVERY SYSTEM MUSIC TYPOLOGIES
• mastery survival • instruction • story music
TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT • research & extension library • program music
• social • communication school guidance • pure or absolute music
• economic • physical facilities canteen STORY MUSIC - tells a story
• cultural • curriculum PROGRAM MUSIC - describes
• political SERVICE LEARNING - teaching PURE OR ABSOLUTE MUSIC -
• technological method that combines meaningful service doesn’t tell or describe
• ethico moral to the community with curriculum based GESSELSCHAFTLICH – market |
J. ABNER PEDDWELL (1939) - learning and education in action perspective of schooling | (efficiency,
sabertooth curriculum CLOZE TEST/ PROCEDURE - every productivity, competition)
5th or 7th word is omitted
 GEMEINSHAFT – community | cultural SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF COLONIAL MENTALITY - preference
relationship CURRICULUM - belief will determine the for foreign
TECHNOLOGICAL FORCES OF practice CURRICULUM ENGINEERING -
CHANGE CHARACTERS OF CULTURE comprises all process and activities that
• acceleration- mabilis • diverse - environment are necessary to keep the school
• novelty – new • gratifying – needs based curriculum dynamic and functional
• diversity • learned - instruction CURRICULUM PERSPECTIVES
MAX SCHELLER - state of • adaptive – borrowed, imposed and 1. ideal – represents what scholars say
valuelessness | anomie invented and advocate
EDUCATION TYPOLOGIES • social - contact 2. formal – standards sets by the
• formal • transmitted - language education agencies
• non formal- alternative learning HOW IS CULTURE LEARNED 3. instructional – represents the course
system • enculturation – learning own culture syllabus / lecture notes used by the
• informal - hidden curriculum teachers
• acculturation – Knowing the culture of
STRATIFICATION - divided grouping other people 4. operational – represents the actual
teaching learning process
PRIMARY GROUP – family |face to • inculturation – adapt the culture of
face | intimate and personal other people 5. experiential – more powerful / what
the students think about the lesson
SECONDARY GROUP – impersonal | CULTURAL COMPONENTS
delivered by the teachers
business like | casual 1. means of living
6. hidden – students learned
IN GROUP – solidarity | camaraderie | 2. ways of living experiences outside the classroom
sympathetic attitude TYPOLOGIES OF CULTURE TRIARCHIC THEORY OF
OUT GROUP – indifference | avoidance 1. material INTELLIGENCE - Robert Sternberg
| hatred 2. non material ASSURE MODEL
PEER GROUP - same age | social and CULTURAL VIEWS • analyses learners
economic status including interest 1. ethnocentrism – my culture is better • state objectives
CLIQUE - different age | same interest 2. xenocentrism – your culture is better • select media and materials
INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF • utilize media and materials
• knowledge CURRICULUM • require learner participation
• skills • traditional – cultural heritage SMITH AND NAGEL PPPF
• values • experiential – experience for the • prepare yourself
SOCIETAL BENEFITS growth of individual • prepare your student
• social • structure of discipline – structure of • present material
• economic discipline of knowledge
• follow up
• cultural • behavioral -
CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION -
• technological • constructivist process of ensuring that the curriculum
• political SCHOOL - a privileged place where that has been planned or developed is
• ethico moral cultural transmission occurs
one being actually implemented or taught CONSTRUCTIVIST - correct Mesdames- Plural of madame
by the teacher meaning thru sense making Renaissance- Rebirth
CURRICULUM EVALUATION - process 𝗚𝗘𝗡 𝗘𝗗 | 𝗩𝗢𝗖𝗔𝗕𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗥𝗬 Sophisticated – Wordly
of determining the EFFECTIVENESS of a Pulchritude - Loveliness Caveat -emptor - Let the buyer
curriculum and the EFFICIENCY with Composure – Aplomb decide
which it is implemented Abase- Demoted Ad nauseam - Excessive degree
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN Despotic – Cruel Coup de grace – A death blow
• used to create curricula Persiflage – Praise glowingly Correlation – No relation
• individual learning areas Dexterity – Manual skill Prodigy - Offspring
Amorphous - Shapeless Formally – Unconventionally
• instructional materials
Penchant - Fondness Formerly – Hereto force
CURRICULUM DESIGN -determining Transmuted - Change
the building blocks of curriculum Transcendental -Supernatural LET 2023- NEW CURRICULUM
• LEARNING CONTENT Rancor - Bitterness PROF. ED.
• LEARNING OBJECTIVES Carnal - Worldly 𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚
• LEARNING EXPERIENCES Sine qua non - Indispensable 1. Acquisition - learning new skill
• LEARNING EVALUATION Euphoria - Extreme Happiness 2. Fluency - practice for mastery of skill
DESIGN BACKWARD and DELIVER Loquacious - Verbose 3. Generalization - across time &
FORWARD – Acapella - Without accompaniment situation / variety
• learning outcomes and course Alter ego – Close and Inseparable, of setting
outcomes Friend 4. Adaptation -. Use for problem solving
• program outcomes Amor con Amor sepaga – Love 5. Maintenance - Performance over time
• institutional outcomes begets love 𝗕𝗟𝗢𝗢𝗠'𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡
PHILOSOPHY -common belief Conflagration - Large fire Blooms Taxonomy
Baduy – Awkward-looking Remember - recall facts & basic concepts
VISION - future
Mundane – Ordinary define, duplicate, list, memorize,state
MISSION - task Profanity – Obscenity Understand - Explain ideas or concepts
STRATEGIES - core areas Apocalyptic – Prophetic Classify, describe, discuss, explain,
SUCCESS FACTORS - metric system Impertinent – Irrelevant locate, recognize
STATEMENT OF PURPOSES Voracious – Very eager Apply -. Use of information in new
• aim - national level Abandoned – Left behind situation
• goal - school level Volition – Will execute, implement, solve, use,
• objectives - classroom level Esoteric – Understandable by few demonstrate, interpret, operate
• target - individual Queue – line Analyze -. Draw connection among ideas
RSEP - revised sec education program Docile – Easy to management differentiate, organize, relate, compare,
Erudite – Learned contrast, distinguish, examine,
RBEC - restructured basic education
Soiree – Evening party expirement, question, test
curriculum
Connoisseur – Expert in a matter Evaluate -. Justify a stand or decision
BEHAVIORIST - correct answer | of test
stimulus response appraise, argue, defend, judge, select,
Chauffeur - Driver support, value, critique, weigh
COGNITIVIST - correct method
Create -. Produce new or original work 7. He is a Filipino migrant whose fiction ➪ Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Design, assemble, construct, stories reflect the Filipino’s concept of 18. He is a Japanese poet who won the
conjecture, develop, formulate, author, American culture. Nobel Prize for literature in 1968.
investigate ➪ Bienvenido Santos ➪ Yasunari Kawabata
𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗔𝗫𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗠𝗬 8. He is known as the greatest Indian 19. He is known as the Father of Tragedy.
Remembering - recalling writer of all time.” ➪ Christopher Marlowe
Understanding - making sense of the ➪ Kalidasa 20. He is the first black Nigerian writer to
material you 9. He is called the “Morning Star” of be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature
have learned English literature. in 1986.
Applying -. Use knowledge gained in nee ➪ Geoffrey Chaucer ➪ Wole Soyinka
ways 10. He is the first man to replace myth
Analyzing -. Breaking the concept into with natural laws.
parts
➪ Thales of Melitus 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗙𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗘𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗡𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦
Evaluating -. Making judgement
11. He is regarded as the greatest haiku 1. Law of Readiness - preparedness
Creating -. Putting iNformation together in
poet. 2. Law of Exercise - practice makes
an innovative way.
➪ Matsuo Basho perfect
12. He is recognized as the father of 3. Law of effect - satisfaction
GENERAL EDUCATION - ENGLISH KEY
American literature. 4. Law of primacy - learn first / first
POINTS
➪ Washington Irving impression
1. He is the first Asian writer to receive the
13. He was the first mythical geographer 5. Law of Recency - now/most recent are
Nobel Prize.
who was recognized due to his vivid best
➪ Rabindranath Tagore remembered
2. He is considered as the greatest descriptions of lands and people
encountered by his hero, Ulysses. 6. Law of intensity - impact/ exciting
English writer and also known as the Ex. Role playing
“Bard of Avon”. ➪ Homer
7. Law of Freedom - right to freedom
➪ William Shakespeare 14. He is a famous composer from
8. Law of importance - essentials
3. He is known as the father of horror Angono, Rizal, and was given a National
Artist Award. Cognitive:
stories. mental skills(knowledge)
➪ Edgar Allan Poe ➪ Luis San Pedro
15. He is known as the master of “local Affective:
4. He is known as the Father of Essays. growth in feelings or emotional areas
color” because of his Pickwick Papers.
➪ Francis Bacon (Attitude)
5. He is a Filipino writer whose stories and ➪ Charles Dickens
Psychomotor:
poems depict Filipino-Spanish cultural 16. He is a Philippine National Artist
manual or physical skills (skills)
beliefs and traditions. awardee for Literature, and used free
verse and espoused the dictum, "Art for 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗚
➪ Nick Joaquin A. create an active learning
art's sake“.
6. He was the first Filipino National Artist B. Focus Attention
for Literature awarded in 1973. ➪ Jose Garcia Villa
C. Connect Knowledge
17. She wrote the most exquisite love
➪ Jose Garcia Villa D. Help students organize their knowledge
poems of her time in “Sonnets from the
E. Provide timely feedback
Portuguese”.
F. Demand quality Understanding - making sense of the ✓Characterization-
G. Balance high expectations with student material you by value or value set is to act consistently
support have learned in accordance with the values he or she
H. Enhance motivation to learn Applying -. Use knowledge gained in nee has internalized. Examples: include: to
I. Communicate your message in variety ways revise, to require, to be rated high in the
of ways. Analyzing -. Breaking the concept into value, to avoid, to resist, to manage, to
J. Help students to productively manage parts resolve.
their time Evaluating -. Making judgement 𝗣𝗦𝗬𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡:
𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 Creating -. Putting iNformation together in ✓Perception - Sensory cues to guide
1. Acquisition - learning new skill an motor.
2. Fluency - practice for mastery of skill innovative way.
✓Set - mental, physical, and emotional
3. Generalization - across time & 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡:
dispositions that make one respond in a
situation / variety ✓Receiving - certain way to a situation.
of setting is being aware of or sensitive to the
4. Adaptation -. Use for problem solving ✓Guided response - first attempts at a
existence of a certain ideas, material, or
5. Maintenance - performance over time physical skill. trial and error coupled lead
phenomena and being willing to tolerate
to better performance.
𝗕𝗟𝗢𝗢𝗠'𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡 them.
Blooms Taxonomy Ex. To differentiate, to accept, to listen ✓Mechanism - responses are habitual
Remember - recall facts & basic concepts (for), to respond to. with a medium level of assurance and
define, duplicate, list, memorize,state proficiency.
✓Responding -
Understand - Explain ideas or concepts os committed in some small measure to ✓Complex Overt Response - complex
Classify, describe, discuss, explain, the ideas l, materials, or phenomena movements are possible with a minimum
locate, recognize involved by actively responding to them. of wasted effort and a high level of
Apply -. Use of information in new Example: to comply with, to follow, to assurance they will be successful.
situation command, to volunteer, to spend leisure ✓Adaptation - Movements can modified
execute, implement, solve, use, time in, to acclaim. for special situations.
demonstrate, interpret, operate ✓Valuing - ✓Origination - New movements can be
Analyze -. Draw connection among ideas is willing to be perceived by others as created for special situations.
differentiate, organize, relate, compare, valuing certain ideas, materials, or Learning theories
contrast, distinguish, examine, phenomena. Examples include: to A. Behaviourist (classical, operant,
expirement, question, test increase measured proficiency in, or Connectionism , Social Learning and
Evaluate -. Justify a stand or decision relinquish, to subsidize, to support, to purposive)
appraise, argue, defend, judge, select, debate. PCSO
support, value, critique, weigh Pavlov - Classical
✓Organization -
Create -. Produce new or original work Skinner - Operant
is to relate the value to those already held
Design, assemble, construct, 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗠
and bring it into a harmonious and
conjecture, develop, formulate, author,
internally consistent philosophy. A. Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)
investigate
Examples: to discuss, to theorize, to Two stimuli are linked together one
𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗔𝗫𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗠𝗬 formulate, to balance, to examine. Neutral + one Natural Response.
Remembering - recalling Adhesive Principle
- response attached to stimulus to evoke Law of Effect - satisfying effect meaning to them. He explains the theory
new response. Secondary Laws of Learning of rats in teaching the goal through many
Experimentation: RIP trials as a result of insight or making
(Salivation of Dog and Ring of the bell) Law of primacy - dapat tama ang tinuro sa cognitive map of the maze.
Ringing of bell- stimuli una. 𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗧
Response - Naglalaway ang aso Law of intensity - dapat fun ang learning 𝗔. 𝗠𝗘𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗙𝗨𝗟 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬
Unconditioned Stimulus: Law of Recency - mas natatandaan ang 𝗕𝗬 𝗗𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗗 𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗟
- automatically produces an emotional or previous. "Reception not discovery"
psychological response. Other law: - advance organizer
Unconditioned Response: Law of association By Aristotle - use of graphic organizer
- Naturally occurring emotional or Law of similarity - recall similar object 𝗕. 𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗣𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗕𝗬
physiological response. Law of contrast - recall of opposite object 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗧
Neutral Stimulus: Law of Contiguity - recall of an activity
a). Sensory - 0 to 2 years old -
- a stimulus that does not elicit a which is frequently related with the
permanent object
response. previous one.
b). Pre-operational - 3 to 7 years old -
Conditioned Stimulus: 𝗗. 𝗦𝗢𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬
egocentric
- evokes an emotional or Physiological 𝗕𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗥𝗔
Symbolic function
response. Experimentation: Bobo dull
- Centration -
𝗕. 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 (𝗕𝗙 - may pinaggagayahan
refers to the tendency of the chikd to only
𝗦𝗞𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗥) - focus on observation learning
focus on one aspects of a thing or event
Experimentation: Social learning theory
and exclude other aspects EXAMPLE:
skinner Box (rat) 4 steps;
when a child presented with two identical
✓Reinforcement - increase behaviour 1. Attention - focus
glasses with the same amount of water,
2. Retention - store information
✓Punishment - decrease behaviour the chikd will say they have the same
3. Reproduction - to perform the observed
✓Positive Reinforcement - amount of water. however, once water
behaviour
may binigay na gusto ng bata. from one of the glasses is transferred to
4. Motivation - be motivated
✓Negative reinforcement - an obviously taller but narrower glass, the
𝗘. 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗠 / 𝗦𝗜𝗚𝗡 chikd migh say that there is more water in
taking something away for the good of 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬 𝗧𝗢𝗟𝗠𝗔𝗡
students. the taller glass.
Expirement: Rats "The Child only Focus (centered)".
✓Positive Punishment - - reinforcement is not essential to learning Irreversibly-
may binigay na ayaw mo / something - bridge between behaviorism and Pre-operational children still have the
unpleasant. cognitive theilory inability to reverse their thinking. They can
✓Negative punishment - - Learning is acquired through meaningful understand that 2+3 is 5, but cannot
tinagangalan ng bagay na gusto ng bata. behavior. understand that 5-3 is 2.
𝗖. 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 /𝗦-𝗥 According to Tolman, in all learning some Animism -
( 𝗘𝗗𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗞𝗘) intelligence is atwork. It is the learner who This is the tendency of children to attribute
- specific stimulus has specific response actively participates on the act of getting human like traits or characteristics to
Law of Readiness- hinahanda mo sila new experience. He organises his inanimate objects.
Law of Exercise- nagpapadrills perceptions and observations and gives
When at night, the child is asked, where This refers to the ability to order or If not match our schemata we experience
the sun is, she will reply, "Mr. Sun is arrange things in a series based on one "Cognitive disequilibrium"
asleep." dimension such as weight, volume or size. 𝗗. 𝗚𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗧 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗨𝗔𝗟
Transductive reasoning - d). Formal operational - 13 to onwards 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗚𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗧
This refers to the pre-operational child's years old - - determine what we see/percept.
type of reasoning that is neither inductive Thinking becomes more logical.can solve Laws of Gestalt
nor deductive. abstract problems and can hypothesis. Gestalt means "whole".
Example: since her mommy comes home Hypothetical reasoning - Law of similarity -
everyday around six o'clock in the The ability to come up with different Kapag kapareho
evening, when asked why it is already hypothesis about a problem and to gather Law of pragmanz or Law of Good Figure -
night, the child will say, "because my mom and weight data in order to make final Symmetry order- brain will perceive
is home". decisions or judgement. ambiguous shapes in as simple a manner
c). Concrete operational - 7 to 11 years (What if questions) as possible for example, a monochrome
old - begin learning logical reasoning. Analogical reasoning - of the Olympic logo is seen as a series of
Decentering - This is the ability to perceive the overlapping circles rather than a collection
This refers to the ability of the child to relationship in one instance and then use of a curved lines.
perceive the different features of objects that relationship to narrow down possible Law of proximity - refers to how close
and situations. answers in another similar situation or elements are to one another. The
This allows child to be more logical when problem. strongest proximity relationship are those
dealing with concrete objects and Deductive reasoning - between overlapping subjects, but just
situations. This is the ability to think logically by grouping objects into a single area can
Reversibility - applying a general rule to a particular have a strong proximity effect.
The child can now follow that certain instance or situation. Law of Continuity - posits that the human
operations can be done in reverse. For For example, all countries near the north eye will follow the smoothest path when
example, they can already comprehend pole. therefore, Greenland has cold viewing lines, regardless of how the lines
the cummutative property of addition, and temperatures were actually drawn
that subtraction is the reverse of addition. 𝗖. 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗔/𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗔 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬 Law of Closure - "fill the gap"
Conversation- 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗘𝗧 is one of the coolest gestalt principles and
This is the ability to know that certain Schema- one I already touched on at the beginning
properties if objects like number. Mass, - refers to the prior knowledge of this piece. It's the idea that your brain
Volume, or area do not change even if Assimilation - will fill in the missing parts of a design or
there is a change in appearance. Because This is this is the process if fitting a new image to create a whole
of the development of the child's ability of experience into an existing or previously 𝗘. 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬
decentering and also reversibility, the created schema. 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗞𝗢𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥
concrete operational chikd can now judge Accomodation- - sudden grasping of the solution, a lash
rightly that the same as when the water This is the process if creating a new of understanding, without any process of
was shorter but wider glass. schema. trial and error.
Seriation - Equilibrium - Learning happen in sudden -"Eurika"
Achieving proper balance between (Aha moment)
Assimilation and accommodation. Expirement: monkey names (Sultan)
Believes that the whole is more important 5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. –
than the parts.so Learning takes place as sino, when etc.
a whole. 6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw,
𝗙. 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗖𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 umano, which, who
𝗕𝗬 (𝗔𝗧𝗞𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗙𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗡) MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA
Sensory memory - it holds information that SA MUNDO
the AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by
mind perceives through various senses. Confucius)
(small capacity). AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults &
Short term memory - last around 30 myths (by Osiris)
seconds. AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce
(Short Duration) Pares, Roncesvalles)
Long term Memory - has an unlimited BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece
amount of space as it can store memories CANTEBURY TALES – America (by
from a long time ago to be retrieved at a Chaucer)
later time. DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante)
Long term memory EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at
1. Episodic Memory history ng Spain
- recalling episodes (events) ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece
2. Semantic Memory made by Homer.
- knowledge of a general Facts, principles ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa
and concepts. Arabia at Persia
3. Procedural Memory KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible)
- refers to "know how" as opposed to MAHABRATA – India
"know about". UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves that
𝗚. 𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗕𝗬 𝗥𝗢𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 becomes the basis of democracy. (by
𝗚𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘 Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)
Gradual development of knowledge and
skills that improve over time.

MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS

1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN –
ako/I etc.
2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUN – ito/this etc.
3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P. - isa, all,
anyone etc.
4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp.