INMO past Geomtry questions

December 28, 2022

1 Cyclic Quadrilateral
1. (INMO 89)Triangle ABC has incenter I and the incircle touches BC, CA
at D, E respectively. Let BI meet DE at G. Show that AG is perpendic-
ular to BG.
2. (INMO 90)Let ABC be an arbitrary acute angled triangle. For any point
P lying within the triangle, let D, E, F denote the feet of the perpendicu-
lars from P onto the sides AB, BC, CA respectively. Determine the set of
all possible positions of the point P for which the triangle DEF is isosce-
les. For which position of P will the triangle DEF become equilateral?
3. (INMO 93) The diagonals AC and BD of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD
intersect at P . LetO be the circumcenter of triangle AP B and H be the
orthocenter of triangle CP D. Show that the points H, P, O are collinear.
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4. (INMO 92) Let A1 , A2 , . . . , An be an n -sided regular polygon. If A1 A2 =
1 1
A1 A3 + A1 A4 , find n.

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 5. (INMO 93)Let ABC be a triangle in a plane π. Find the set of all points
P (distinct from A, B, C ) in the plane π such that the circumcircles of
triangles ABP , BCP , CAP have the same radii.
6. (INMO 94)A circle passes through the vertex C of a rectangle ABCD and
touches its sides AB and AD at M and N respectively. If the distance
from C to the line segment M N is equal to 5 units, find the area of
rectangle ABCD.
7. (INMO 94)In an acute angled triangle ABC, ∠A = 30◦ , H is the ortho-
center, and M is the midpoint of BC. On the line HM , take a point T
such that HM = M T . Show that AT = 2BC.

8. (INMO 2001)Let ABC be a triangle and D be the mid-point of side BC.

Suppose ∠DAB = ∠BCA and ∠DAC = 15◦ . Show that ∠ADC is obtuse.
Further, if O is the circumcentre of ADC, prove that triangle AOD is
equilateral.

9. (INMO 2002/1)For a convex hexagon ABCDEF in which each pair of

opposite sides is unequal, consider the following statements.
(a1 ) AB is parallel to DE. (a2 )AE = BD.
(b1 ) BC is parallel to EF . (b2 )BF = CE.
(c1 ) CD is parallel to F A. (c2 ) CA = DF .
(a)Show that if all six of these statements are true then the hexagon is
cyclic.
(b)Prove that, in fact, five of the six statements suffice.
10. (INMO 2004/1)ABCD is a convex quadrilateral. K, L, M , N are the
midpoints of the sides AB, BC, CD, DA. BD bisects KM at Q. QA =
LK
QB = QC = QD , and LM = CD
CB . Prove that ABCD is a square.

11. (INMO 2006 Q1)In a non equilateral triangle ABC the sides a, b, c form
an arithmetic progression. Let I be the incentre and O the circumcentre
of the triangle ABC. Prove that
(1) IO is perpendicular to BI;
(2) If BI meets AC in K, and D, E are the midpoints of BC, BA respec-
tively then I is the circumcentre of triangle DKE.

12. (INMO 2009) Let ABC be an acute angled triangle and let H be its ortho
centre. Let hmax denote the largest altitude of the triangle ABC. Prove
that:AH + BH + CH ≤ 2hmax .

13. (INMO 2010, P1) Let ABC be a triangle with circum-circle Γ. Let M be
a point in the interior of triangle ABC which is also on the bisector of ∠A.
Let AM, BM, CM meet Γ in A1 , B1 , C1 respectively. Suppose P is the

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 point of intersection of A1 C1 with AB; and Q is the point of intersection
of A1 B1 with AC. Prove that P Q is parallel to BC.
14. (INMO 2010, P5) Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with altitude AK.
Let H be its ortho-centre and O be its circum-centre. Suppose KOH is
an acute-angled triangle and P its circum-centre. Let Q be the reflection
of P in the line HO. Show that Q lies on the line joining the mid-points
of AB and AC.
15. (INMO2011, P5)Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in a circle
Γ. Let E, F, G, H be the midpoints of arcs AB, BC, CD, AD of Γ, respec-
tively. Suppose that AC · BD = EG · F H. Show that AC, BD, EG, F H
are all concurrent.
16. (INMO2012,p P1)Let ABCD be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle. Sup-
√
pose AB = 2 + 2 and AB subtends 135 degrees at center of circle .
Find the maximum possible area of ABCD.

17. (INMO2012, P5)Let ABC be an acute angled triangle. Let D, E, F be

points on BC, CA, AB such that AD is the median, BE is the internal
bisector and CF is the altitude. Suppose that ∠F DE = ∠C, ∠DEF =
∠A and ∠EF D = ∠B. Show that ABC is equilateral.

18. (INMO2013, P1)Let Γ1 and Γ2 be two circles touching each other exter-
nally at R. Let O1 and O2 be the centres of Γ1 and Γ2 , respectively. Let
`1 be a line which is tangent to Γ2 at P and passing through O1 , and let
`2 be the line tangent to Γ1 at Q and passing through O2 . Let K = `1 ∩ `2 .
If KP = KQ then prove that the triangle P QR is equilateral.
19. (INMO2014, P1)In a triangle ABC, let D be the point on the segment
BC such that AB + BD = AC + CD. Suppose that the points B, C
and the centroids of triangles ABD and ACD lie on a circle. Prove that
AB = AC.
20. (INMO2014, P5) In a acute-angled triangle ABC, a point D lies on the
segment BC. Let O1 , O2 denote the circumcentres of triangles ABD and
ACD respectively. Prove that the line joining the circumcentre of triangle
ABC and the orthocenter of triangle O1 O2 D is parallel to BC.
21. (INMO2015, P1) Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with ∠B = 90◦ .
Let BD is the altitude from B on AC. Let P, Q and I be the incenters
of triangles ABD, CBD and ABC respectively.Show that circumcenter of
triangle P IQ lie on the hypotenuse AC.
22. (INMO2018)Let ABC be a non-equilateral triangle with integer sides.
Let D and E be respectively the mid-points of BC and CA ; let G be
the centroid of ∆ABC. Suppose, D,C,E, G are concyclic. Find the least
possible perimeter of ∆ABC.

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23. (INMO2018)Let Γ1 and Γ2 be two circles with respective centers O1 and
O2 intersecting in two distinct points A and B such that ∠O1 AO2 is
an obtuse angle. Let the circumcircle of ∆O1 AO2 intersect Γ1 and Γ2
respectively in points C(6= A) and D(6= A). Let the line CB intersect Γ2
in E ; let the line DB intersect Γ1 in F . Prove that, the points C, D, E, F
are concyclic.
24. (INMO2020)Let Γ1 and Γ2 be two circles of unequal radii, with centres O1
and O2 respectively, intersecting in two distinct points A and B. Assume
that the centre of each circle is outside the other circle. The tangent to
Γ1 at B intersects Γ2 again in C, different from B; the tangent to Γ2 at B
intersects Γ1 again at D, different from B. The bisectors of ∠DAB and
∠CAB meet Γ1 and Γ2 again in X and Y , respectively. Let P and Q be
the circumcentres of triangles ACD and XAY , respectively. Prove that
P Q is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment O1 O2 .

2 Incircle
1. (INMO 91) Triangle ABC has an incenter I its incircle touches the side
BC at T . The line through T parallel to IA meets the incircle again at
S and the tangent to the incircle at S meets AB, AC at points C 0 , B 0
respectively. Prove that triangle AB 0 C 0 is similar to triangleABC.

2. (INMO 94)Let ABC be a triangle and a circle Γ0 be drawn lying outside

the triangle, touching its incircle Γ externally, and also the two sides AB
and AC. Show  that the ratio of the radii of the circles Γ0 and Γ is equal
π − A
to tan2 .
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3. (INMO 2001/1)Let ABC be a triangle in which no angle is 90◦ . For any
point P in the plane of the triangle, let A1 , B1 , C1 denote the reflections
of P in the sides BC, CA, AB respectively. Prove that
(i) If P is the incenter or an ex-centre of ABC, then P is the circumcentre
of A1 B1 C1 ;
(ii) If P is the circumcentre of ABC, then P is the ortho-centre of A1 B1 C1 ;
(iii) If P is the ortho-centre of ABC, then P is either the incentre or an
ex-centre of A1 B1 C1 .
4. (INMO 2005 Q1)Let M be the midpoint of side BC of a triangle ABC.
Let the median AM intersect the incircle of ABC at K and L, K being
nearer to A than L. If AK = KL = LM , prove that the sides of triangle
ABC are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 13 in some order.

5. (INMO2015,P5) Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral. Let diagonals AC

and BD intersect at P . Let P E, P F, P G and P H are altitudes from P

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 on the side AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Show that ABCD has a
incircle if and only if P1E + P1G = P1F + P1H .
6. (INMO2016) Let ABC be a right-angle triangle with ∠B = 90◦ . Let D
be a point on AC such that the in-radii of the triangles ABD and CBD
are equal. If this common value is r0 and if r is the inradius of triangle
ABC, prove that
1 1 1
0
= + .
r r BD
7. (INMO2017)In the given figure, ABCD is a square sheet of paper. It is
folded along EF such that A goes to a point A0 different from B and C,
on the side BC and D goes to D0 . The line A0 D0 cuts CD in G. Show
that the inradius of the triangle GCA0 is the sum of the inradii of the
triangles GD0 F and A0 BE.

8. (INMO2022)Let D be an interior point on the side BC of an acute-angled

triangle ABC. Let the circumcircle of triangle ADB intersect AC again
at E(6= A) and the circumcircle of triangle ADC intersect AB again at
F (6= A). Let AD, BE, and CF intersect the circumcircle of triangle ABC
again at D1 (6= A), E1 (6= B) and F1 (6= C), respectively. Let I and I1 be
the incentres of triangles DEF and D1 E1 F1 , respectively. Prove that
E, F, I, I1 are concyclic.

3 Similarity and Basic properties

1. (INMO 92) In a triangle ABC, ∠A = 2 · ∠B. Prove that a2 = b(b + c)

2. (INMO 93)Let ABC be a triangle right-angled at A and S be its cir-

cumcircle. Let S1 be the circle touching the lines AB and AC, and the
circle S internally. Further, let S2 be the circle touching the lines AB and
AC and the circleS externally. If r1 , r2 be the radii of S1 , S2 prove that
r1 · r2 = 4A[ABC].

3. (INMO 1999) Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle in which D, E, F are

points on BC, CA, AB respectively such that AD ⊥ BC;AE = BC; and
CF bisects ∠C internally, Suppose CF meets AD and DE in M and N
respectively. If F M = 2, M N = 1, N C = 3, find the perimeter of ∆ABC.
4. (INMO 2000/1) The incircle of triangle ABC touches the sides BC, CA
and AB in K, L and M respectively. The line through A and parallel to

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 LK meets M K in P and the line through A and parallel to M K meets
LK in Q. Show that the line P Q bisects the sides AB and AC of the
triangle ABC.
5. (INMO 2003/1)Let P be an interior point of an acute-angled triangle
ABC. The line BP meets the line AC at E, and the line CP meets the
line AB at F . The lines AP and EF intersect each other at D. Let K
be the foot of the perpendicular from the point D to the line BC. Show
that the line KD bisects the angle ∠EKF .

6. (INMO 2009) Let ABC be a triangle and let P be an interior point

such that ∠BP C = 90, ∠BAP = ∠BCP .Let M, N be the mid points of
AC, BC respectively.Suppose BP = 2P M .Prove that A, P, N are collinear.

7. (INMO-2011)Let D, E, F be points on the sides BC, CA, AB respectively

of a triangle ABC such that BD = CE = AF and ∠BDF = ∠CED =
∠AF E. Prove that ABC is equilateral.

8. (INMO2013, P5)In an acute triangle ABC, let O, G, H be its circumcentre,

centroid and orthocenter. Let D ∈ BC, E ∈ CA and OD ⊥ BC, HE ⊥
CA. Let F be the midpoint of AB. If the triangles ODC, HEA, GF B have
the same area, find all the possible values of ∠C.

4 Properties of the orthocenter

1. (INMO 93) Given an acute-angled triangle ABC, let points A0 , B 0 , C 0 be
located as follows: A0 is the point where altitude from A on BC meets the
outwards-facing semicircle on BC as diameter. Points B 0 , C 0 are located
similarly. Prove that A[BCA0 ]2 + A[CAB 0 ]2 + A[ABC 0 ]2 = A[ABC]2
where A[ABC] is the area of triangle ABC.

2. (INMO2016) Let ABC be triangle in which AB = AC. Suppose the ortho

center of the triangle lies on the incircle. Find the ratio AB/BC.

3. (INMO 91)Given an acute-angled triangle ABC, let points A0 , B 0 , C 0 be

located as follows: A0 is the point where altitude from A on BC meets the
outwards-facing semicircle on BC as diameter. Points B 0 , C 0 are located
similarly. Prove that A[BCA0 ]2 + A[CAB 0 ]2 + A[ABC 0 ]2 = A[ABC]2
where A[ABC] is the area of triangle ABC.

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5 Trigonometry
1. Let Γ and Γ0 be two concentric circles. Let ABC and A0 B 0 C 0 be any two
equilateral triangles inscribed in Γ and Γ0 respectively. If P and P 0 are
any two points on Γ and Γ0 respectively, show that

P 0 A2 + P 0 B 2 + P 0 C 2 = A0 P 2 + B 0 P 2 + C 0 P 2 .
√
2. (INMO 2000/5)In a convex quadrilateral P QRS, P Q = RS, ( 3+1)QR =
SP and ∠RSP − ∠SP Q = 30. Prove that ∠P QR − ∠QRS = 90.

3. (INMO 2007 Q1)In a triangle ABC right-angled at C , the median through

B bisects the angle between BA and the bisector of ∠B. Prove that
5 AB
< <3
2 BC

4. (INMO 91)Given a triangle ABC let

   
B−C A
x = tan tan
2 2
   
C −A B
y = tan tan
2 2
   
A−B C
z= tan tan
2 2
Prove that x + y + z + xyz = 0.

6 Formulae and algebraic manipulation

1. (INMO 2003/5) Let a, b, c be the side lengths and Sthe area of a triangle
ABC. Denote x = a + 2b , y = b + 2c and z = c + a2 . Prove that there ex-
ists a triangle with side lengths x, y, z, and the area of this triangle is ≥ 94 S.

2. (INMO 2004/4)ABC is a triangle, with sides a, b, c , circumradius R,

and exradii ra , rb , rc .If 2R ≤ ra , show that a > b, a > c, 2R > rb , and
2R > rc .
3. (INMO 2006/5)In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, AB = a, BC = b,
CD = c, ∠ABC = 120◦ and ∠ABD = 30◦ . Prove that
(1) c√≥ a + b; √ √
(2) | c + a − c + b| = c − a − b.

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 4. (INMO 2007 Q5)Let ABC be a triangle in which AB = AC. Let D be
the midpoint of BC and P be a point on AD. Suppose E is the foot of
perpendicular from P on AC. Define
AP BP BD
= = λ, = m, z = m2 (1 + λ)
PD PE AD
Prove that
z 2 − (λ3 − λ2 − 2)z + 1 = 0
Hence show that λ ≥ 2 and λ = 2 if and only if ABC is equilateral.

5. (INMO2017)Let ABCDE be a convex pentagon in which ∠A = ∠B =

∠C = ∠D = 120◦ and the side lengths are five consecutive integers in
some order. Find all possible values of AB + BC + CD.

7 Radical axis and Power of point

1. (INMO 92)Two circles C1 and C2 intersect at two distinct points P, Q in
a plane. Let a line passing through P meet the circles C1 and C2 in A and
B respectively. Let Y be the midpoint of AB and let QY meet the circles
C1 and C2 in X and Z respectively. Show that Y is also the midpoint of
XZ.
2. (INMO 89) Let A be one of the two points of intersection of two circles
with centers X, Y respectively. The tangents at A to the two circles meet
the circles again at B, C. Let a point P be located so that P XAY is a
parallelogram. Show that P is also the circum- center of triangle ABC.

3. (INMO 90)Triangle ABC is scalene with angle A having a measure greater

than 90 degrees. Determine
pthe set of points D that lie on the extended
line BC, for which |AD| = |BD||CD| where |BD| refers to the (positive)
distance between B and D.
4. (INMO 91)Triangle ABC has an incenter I. Let points X, Y be located
on the line segments AB, AC respectively, so that BX · AB = IB 2 and
CY · AC = IC 2 . Given that the points X, I, Y lie on a straight line, find
the possible values of the measure of angle A.
5. (INMO 94) Let G be the centroid of a triangle ABC in which the angle C
is obtuse and AD and CF be the medians from A and C respectively onto
the sides BC and√AB. If the four points B, D, G and F are concyclic,
show that AC > 2BC If further P is a point on the line BG extended
such that AGCP is a parallelogram, show that the triangle ABC and
GAP are similar.

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 6. (INMO2018)Let ABC be a non-equilateral triangle with integer sides.
Let D and E be respectively the mid-points of BC and CA ; let G be
the centroid of ∆ABC. Suppose, D,C,E, G are concyclic. Find the least
possible perimeter of ∆ABC.
7. (INMO 2020)Infinitely many equidistant parallel lines are drawn in the
plane. A positive integer n > 3 is called frameable if it is possible to draw
a regular polygon with n sides all whose vertices lie on these lines, and no
line contains more than one vertex of the polygon.
(a) Show that 3, 4, 6 are frameable.
(b) Show that any integer n > 7 is not frameable.
(c) Determine whether 5 is frameable.

8 Homothety
1. (INMO 2008 Q5) Let ABC be a triangle; ΓA , ΓB , ΓC be three equal,
disjoint circles inside ABC such that ΓA touches AB and AC; ΓB touches
AB and BC; and ΓC touches BC and CA. Let Γ be a circle touching
circles ΓA , ΓB , ΓC externally. Prove that the line joining the circum-centre
O and the in-centre I of triangle ABC passes through the centre of Γ.
2. (INMO 2008 Q1) Let ABC be triangle, I its in-center; A1 , B1 , C1 be the
reflections of I in BC, CA, AB respectively. Suppose the circum-circle of
triangle A1 B1 C1 passes through A. Prove that B1 , C1 , I, I1 are concyclic,
where I1 is the in-center of triangle A1 , B1 , C1 .