Angle Chasing

Ray Li
June 12, 2017

1 Facts you should know

1. Let ABC be a triangle and extend BC past C to D. Show that ∠ACD = ∠BAC +
∠ABC.
2. Let ABC be a triangle with ∠C = 90. Show that the circumcenter is the midpoint of
AB.
3. Let ABC be a triangle with orthocenter H and feet of the altitudes D, E, F . Prove
that H is the incenter of 4DEF .
4. Let ABC be a triangle with orthocenter H and feet of the altitudes D, E, F . Prove
(i) that A, E, F, H lie on a circle diameter AH and (ii) that B, E, F, C lie on a circle
with diameter BC.
5. Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O and orthocenter H. Show that ∠BAH =
∠CAO.
6. Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O and orthocenter H and let AH and AO
meet the circumcircle at D and E, respectively. Show (i) that H and D are symmetric
with respect to BC, and (ii) that H and E are symmetric with respect to the midpoint
BC.
7. Let ABC be a triangle with altitudes AD, BE, and CF. Let M be the midpoint of
side BC. Show that M E and M F are tangent to the circumcircle of AEF.
8. Let ABC be a triangle with incenter I, A-excenter Ia , and D the midpoint of arc BC
not containing A on the circumcircle. Show that DI = DIa = DB = DC.
9. Let ABC be a triangle with incenter I and D the midpoint of arc BC not containing
A on the circumcircle. Define E and F similarly. Show (i) that I is the orthocenter of
DEF, and (ii) that A, B, C are the reflections of I across EF, F D, DE respectively.
10. Let ABC be a triangle with incenter I and excenters Ia , Ib , Ic . Prove that in triangle
Ia Ib Ic , A, B, C are the feet of the altitudes and I is the orthocenter.

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11. Let ABC be a triangle with incenter I, and whose incircle is tangent to sides BC, AC, AB
at D, E, F , respectively. Let M, N be midpoints of BC, AC, respectively. Prove that
EF, BI, M N concur.

12. (Simson Line) Let ABC be a triangle and D a point on its circumcircle. Prove that
the feet of the perpendiculars from D to lines AB, AC, and BC are collinear.

13. (Nine Point Circle) Let ABC be a triangle with orthocenter H, altitudes AA1 , BB1 ,
and CC1 , and midpoints A2 , B2 , C2 . Let the midpoints of AH, BH, CH be A3 , B3 , C3 .
Show that A1 , A2 , A3 , B1 , B2 , B3 , C1 , C2 , C3 lie on a circle.

2 Problems
1. In parallelogram ABCD, let the bisector of ∠BCD intersect lines AB and AD at E
and F, respectively. Prove that BE = AD and DF = AB.

2. Let ABC be a right triangle, let ∠C be the right angle, and let D be the foot of
the altitude from C. Prove that the circumcenters of ACD, CBD, and ABC form a
triangle that is similar to ABC.

3. ω1 , ω2 are two circles intersecting at P and Q. Let A be a variable point on ω1 , and

B, C be the intersections of AP, AQ with ω2 . Show that the size of BC
d is independent
of A.

4. (British Math Olympiad 2000) Two intersecting circles C1 , C2 have a common tangent
P Q with P on C1 , Q on C2 . The two circles intersect at M, N , where P Q is nearer to
M . The line P N meets the circle C2 again at R. Prove that M Q bisects ∠P M R.

5. (”Largely Artistic Math Olympiad”) Two circles ω1 , ω2 intersect at P, Q. If a line

intersects ω1 at A, B and ω2 at C, D such that A, B, C, D lie on the line in that order,
and P and Q lie on the same side of the line, compute ∠AP C + ∠BQD.

6. Let P be a point inside circle ω. Consider the set of chords of ω that contain P . Prove
that their midpoints all lie on a circle.

7. (British Math Olympiad 2005) The triangle ABC, where AB < AC, has circumcircle
S. The perpendicular from A to BC meets S again at P . The point X lies on the line
segment AC, and BX meets S again at Q. Show that BX = CX iff P Q is a diameter
of S.

8. (Own) In triangle ABC, M, and N are midpoints of AC, and AB. Point D is on BC
such that M D = M C. Extend lines M D and N D to meet AB, and AC at F, and E,
respectively. Prove that EF is perpendicular to BC.

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 9. (ELMO 2012) In acute triangle ABC, let D, E, F denote the feet of the altitudes from
A, B, C, respectively, and let ω be the circumcircle of 4AEF . Let ω1 and ω2 be the
circles through D tangent to ω at E and F , respectively. Show that ω1 and ω2 meet
at a point P on BC other than D.

10. (USA(J)MO 2010) Let AXY ZB be a convex pentagon inscribed in a semicircle of

diameter AB. Denote by P , Q, R, S the feet of the perpendiculars from Y onto lines
AX, BX, AZ, BZ, respectively. Prove that the acute angle formed by lines P Q and
RS is half the size of ∠XOZ, where O is the midpoint of segment AB.

11. (IMO Shortlist 2010) Let ABC be an acute triangle with D, E, F the feet of the
altitudes lying on BC, CA, AB respectively. One of the intersection points of the line
EF and the circumcircle is P. The lines BP and DF meet at point Q. Prove that
AP = AQ.

12. Let ABCDE be a convex pentagon such that BCDE is a square with center O and
∠A = 90. Prove that AO bisects ∠BAE.

13. (IMO 2006) Let ABC be a triangle with incenter I. A point P in the interior of the
triangle satisfies ∠P BA + ∠P CA = ∠P BC + ∠P CB. Show that AP ≥ AI and that
equality holds if and only if P = I.

14. (IMO 2002) The circle S has center O, and BC is a diameter of S. Let A be a point of S
such that ∠AOB < 120◦ . Let D be the midpoint of the arc AB which does not contain
C. The line through O parallel to DA meets the line AC at I. The perpendicular
bisector of OA meets S at E and F. Prove that I is the incenter of the triangle CEF.

15. (Balkan MO 2012) Let A, B and C be points lying on a circle Γ with centre O.
Assume that ∠ABC > 90. Let D be the point of intersection of the line AB with the
line perpendicular to AC at C. Let l be the line through D which is perpendicular to
AO. Let E be the point of intersection of l with the line AC, and let F be the point
of intersection of Γ with l that lies between D and E. Prove that the circumcircles of
triangles BF E and CF D are tangent at F .

16. (APMO 2007) Let ABC be an acute angled triangle with ∠BAC = 60◦ and AB >
AC. Let I be the incenter, and H the orthocenter of the triangle ABC. Prove that
2∠AHI = 3∠ABC.

17. In scalene triangle ABC, H, I, and O are the orthocenter, incenter, and circumcenter
respectively. Prove one of the angles of the triangle is 60◦ if and only if IH = IO.

18. (EGMO 2012) Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle with circumcircle Γ and orthocen-
ter H. Let K be a point of Γ on the other side of BC from A. Let L be the reflection
of K in the line AB, and let M be the reflection of K in the line BC. Let E be the
second point of intersection of Γ with the circumcircle of triangle BLM . Show that
the lines KH, EM and BC are concurrent.

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19. (CGMO 2012) In triangle ABC, AB = AC. Point D is the midpoint of side BC.
Point E lies outside the triangle ABC such that CE ⊥ AB and BE = BD. Let M be
the midpoint of segment BE. Point F lies on the minor arc AD
d of the circumcircle of
triangle ABD such that M F ⊥ BE. Prove that ED ⊥ F D.

20. In triangle ABC, let D ∈ BC, E ∈ AC, F ∈ AB be the points of tangency of the
incircle to the sides. Let I be the incenter. The parallel line through A to BC intersects
DE and DF at M and N , respectively. Let L and T be the midpoints of the segments
N D and DM . Show that A, L, I, T lie on a circle.

21. (EGMO 2012) Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O. The points D, E, F lie
in the interiors of the sides BC, CA, AB respectively, such that DE is perpendicular
to CO and DF is perpendicular to BO. Let K be the circumcenter of triangle AF E.
Prove that the lines DK and BC are perpendicular.

22. (IMO 2010) Given a triangle ABC, with I as its incenter and Γ as its circumcircle, AI
intersects Γ again at D. Let E be a point on arc BDC, and F a point on the segment
BC, such that ∠BAF = ∠CAE < 21 ∠BAC. If G is the midpoint of IF , prove that
the intersection of lines EI and DG lies on Γ.

23. (Romanian TST 1996) Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral and let M be the set of
incenters and excenters of the triangles BCD, CDA, DAB, ABC (16 points in total).
Prove that there are two sets K and L of four parallel lines each, such that every line
in K ∪ L contains exactly four points of M.