04.

Thermal Properties of Matter

Ans. (b) : Mercury thermometer can be used to measure
Temperature and the temperature upto 500oC because in mercury
(A) Measurement of Temperature thermometer, the space above the mercury is filled with
the nitrogen and nitrogen increases the boiling point of
(Thermometer) mercury.
1. A fluty thermometer reads 5º C in melting ice 4. On Centigrade scale, the temperature of a body
and 95ºC in steam. The correct temperature on increases by 30ºF. The increase in temperature
absolute scale will be______ K when the faulty of Fahrenheit scale is:
thermometer reads 41ºC. (a) 50º (b) 40º
JEE Main-30.01.2023, Shift-II (c) 30º (d) 54º
X – LFP UPSEE - 2005
Ans. (313) : = constant
UFP – LFP Ans. (d) :
41 – 5 t –0
=
95 – 5 100 – 0
36 t
=
90 100
t = 40°C
in k t → 40 + 273
t = 313K
2. On heating, the temperature at which water The difference between the boiling point and freezing
has minimum volume is point of water on celsius scale and Fahrenheit scale is
(a) 0ºC (b) 4ºC 100oC and 180o F.
(c) 4 K (d) 100ºC Now, difference of 100oC in celsius scale = Difference
(e) –273ºC of 180oF in Fahrenheit scale
Kerala CEE 2007 180
So, difference of 30oC in celsius scale = × 30
Ans. (b) : At 4oC, formation of cluster starts. The 100
molecules are slowing down and coming close together = 54oF
but the formation of clusters makes the molecules be
Hence, the difference in Fahrenheit scale will be 54oF.
further apart. Thus, density of water is maximum at 4oC.
So, the volume will be minimum. Here we can use the given equation
m C F – 32 K – 273
ρ= = =
V 5 9 5
Where, ρ = Density 5. Pressure of a gas at constant volume at 20°C is
m = Mass 90 cm of Hg. At what temperature the pressure
V = Volume would change to 75 cm of Hg?
3. Mercury boils at 367ºC. However, mercury (a) 233.2°C (b) –28.8°C
thermometers are made such that they can (c) –24.2°C (d) 28.8°C
measure temperature upto 500ºC. This is done by AP EAMCET (22.09.2020) Shift-I
(a) maintaining vacuum above mercury column Ans. (b) : Given, T1 = 20oC = 20 + 273 = 293 K, P1 =
in the stem of the thermometer 90 cm of Hg, P2 = 75 cm of Hg, volume of gas is
(b) filling nitrogen gas at high pressure above the constant
mercury column According to the Gay-Lussac’s law–
(c) filling oxygen gas at high pressure above the P∝T
mercury column
P1 T1
(d) filling nitrogen gas at low pressure above the ⇒ =
mercury column P2 T2
AIPMT 2004, RPMT 2006 90 293
JIPMER-2009, UPSEE - 2007 Then, =
Manipal-1980 75 T2

469
 293 × 75 8. The triple point of water is
T2 = = 244.16 K (a) 273.16 oC (b) 273.16 K
90
T2 = 244.16–273 (c) 273.16 oF (d) 0.15 K
T2 = –28.8oC AP EAMCET (17.09.2020) Shift-II
UPCPMT- 2002, AIIMS-2005
6. The temperature of a body is measured both in
o
C and oF. A graph is plotted with oF on X-axis Ans. (b) : The triple point of substance is the
and oC on Y-axis. Then, the cosine of angle temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas,
between the graph and the X-axis is liquid and solid) of that substance co-exist in
thermodynamic equilibrium.
9
(a) 0 (b)
5
5 9
(c) (d)
106 106
AP EAMCET (18.09.2020) Shift-II
Ans. (d) : The relation between celsius scale
temperature and Fahrenheit scale temperature is given
as The triple point of water is 273.16 K, or 0.01oC or
C F − 32 32.02oF.
=
5 9 9. The temperature of a body on Kelvin scale is
9C = 5F – 160 found to be x K. When it is measured by
5 160 Fahrenheit thermometer, it is found to be x F,
C = F− ....(i) then the value of x is
9 9
The graph between °C and °F is shown in the figure (a) 30 (b) 313
(c) 574.25 (d) 301.25
CG PET- 2006
TS EAMCET -03.05.2018 Shift-I
Ans. (c) : We know that,
C F – 32 K – 273
= =
5 9 5
But for these question,
Comparing equation (i) with line y = mx + C, we get– F – 32 K – 273
5 =
Slope of graph (m) = tanθ = 9 5
9 Given, xoF = x K
x – 32 x – 273
=
9 5
5 (x–32) = 9 (x–273)
9 4x = 2297
∴ cosθ = x = 574.25
106
10. The surface temperature of the stars is
7. The door of an operating refrigerator is kept
determined using
open. As a result, the temperature of the room
(a) Plank's law
will
(b) Wien's displacement law
(a) Remain unchanged
(c) Rayleigh-Jeans law
(b) Increases
(d) Kirchhoff's law
(c) Decreases
Ans. (b) : According to the Wien's displacement law,
(d) Depends on the contents inside the
black body radiation has different peaks of temperature
refrigerator
at wavelengths that are inversely proportional to
AP EAMCET (18.09.2020) Shift-I temperature.
Ans. (b) : The door of refrigerator is open then room b
temperature will increase because refrigerator will λm =
exhaust more heat into the room than earlier. Then, the T
thermostat will kick in and attempt to cool it down or λm T = b
again. This means the engine is running and adding the Where, b = Wien's constant = 2.8977×10–3 mK
heat to the room. T = Temperature (in Kelvin)

470
It is used for determining the temperature of hot radiant According to Newton's law of cooling–
objects. So, Wien's displacement law is used to T –T   T + T2 
determine the surface of temperature of stars, moon, sun mS  2 1  = k  1 – TR 
 t   2 
or celestial bodies. 2

11. The resistance of a thermometer is 100Ω at the (110 – 104)  110 + 104 
mS = k – 72 
triple point of water (273 K) and is 300Ω at the t2  2 
melting point of gold ( ∼ 873 K ) . The 6mS
= 35 k .…(ii)
temperature at which the resistance of the t2
thermometer is 200Ω is Dividing equation (i) from equation (ii), we get
(a) 273 K (b) 373 K 6mS 75k
(c) 473 K (d) 573 K =
6mS 35k
TS-EAMCET-07.05.2018, Shift-1 t2
Ans. (d) : Given,
15
At 273 K or 0oC, R0 = 100Ω ∴ t2 = = 2.14 min
7
At 873 K or 600oC, R600 = 300Ω
13. 30ºC temperature in Fahrenheit scale is
Assume that at θK temperature,
(a) 68ºF (b) 86ºF
Rθ = 200Ω
(c) 100ºF (d) 48.5ºF
We know that,
JCECE-2018
R – R0
θ= θ ( T2 – T1 ) Ans. (b) : Given, temperature = 30 °C
R 600 – R 0 We know that,
200 –100 9
θ= ( 600 – 0 ) F = C + 32
300 –100 5
100 9
θ= × 600 F = × 30 + 32
200 5
θ = 300oC F = 54 + 32
θ = (300+273)K = 573 K F = 86oF
12. A cup of coffee cools from 150oF to 144oF in 1 14. The temperature of an object is 60°C. Its value
min in a room temperature at 72oF. How much in Fahrenheit scale is
time with the coffee take to cool from 110oF to (a) 120°F (b) 130°F
104oF in the same room? (c) 140°F (d) 110°F
(a) 1.55 min (b) 2.14 min COMEDK 2014
(c) 2.89 min (d) 3.35 min NDA (II) 2014
TS-EAMCET-04.05.2019, Shift-2 AP EAMCET- 2020 Shift. I
Ans. (b) : Case-1 Ans. (c) : Given, temperature of an object = 60 °C
Initial temperature of coffee (T1) = 150oF
Temperature of coffee after 1 min (T2) = 144oF We know that,
Temperature of room (TR) = 72 F o C F − 32
=
and t1 = 1 min 5 9
According to Newton's law of cooling– 60 × 9
= F − 32
Q1 – Q2  Q1 + Q 2  5
= k – QR  12×9 = F – 32
t1  2 
F = 108+32
mS
( T1 – T2 )
= k
 T1 + T2 
– TR  F = 140 ° F
t1  2  15. On a new scale of temperature (which is linear)
150 – 144  150 + 144  and called the W scale, the freezing and boiling
mS = k – 72  points of water are 39° W and 239° W
1  2 
respectively. What will be the temperature on
6mS = 75 k ....(i)
the new scale, corresponding to a temperature
Case-2 of 39°C on the Celsius scale?
Initial temperature of coffee (T1) = 110oF (a) 200°W (b) 139°W
Temperature of coffee after t2 min (T2) = 104oF (c) 78°W (d) 117°W
and t2 = ? COMEDK 2017

471
Ans. (d) : Given, Freezing point of water = 39 °W 19. The instrument used to measure the
Boiling point of water = 239 °W temperature of the source from its thermal
radiation is:
T – L.V T – L.V
We know that, c = w (a) hydrometer (b) barometer
U.V – L.V U.V – L.V (c) thermopile (d) pyrometer
Where, Tc = Temperature given in oC AIIMS-1997
Tw = Temperature given in oW Ans. (d) : Pyrometer instrument is used to measure
U.V. = Upper value in thermometer temperature of the source from its thermal radiation. It
L.V. = Lower value in thermometer is based on Stefan's law.
Assume that the given temperature in oW is be x. 20. If boiling point of water is 950F, what will be
39 – 0 x – 39 reduction at celsius scale ?
= (a) 70C (b) 650C
100 – 0 239 – 39 0
(c) 63 C (d) 350C
39 x – 39
= BCECE-2006
100 200 Ans. (d) :
39 × 2 = x – 39 °C − 0 °F − 32
x = 78+39 =
x = 117 oW 100 − 0 212 − 32
°C 95 − 32
16. The colour of a star indicates its: =
(a) velocity (b) temperature 100 180
(c) size (d) length 5
°C = × 63 = 35 °C
AIIMS-2001 9
Ans. (b) : The colour of a star indicate its temperature 21. A liquid cools from 500C to 450C in 5 min and
from Wien's displacement law. It states that the from 450C to 41.50C in the next 5 min. The
wavelength is inversely proportional to the temperature. temperature of the surrounding is :
So, the higher the wavelength emitted, the lower will be (a) 270C (b) 40.30C
0
its temperature. Red colour have higher wavelength (c) 23.3 C (d) 33.30C
than blue and violet. Then, the blue and violet colour BCECE-2004
star will have higher temperature than red colour star. Ans. (d) : Case –1
17. The absolute zero is the temperature at which: Given, T1 = 45oC, T2 = 50oC, t = 5
(a) all substances exist in solid state According to the Newton’s law of cooling–
(b) molecular motion ceases  T2 – T1   T2 + T1 
(c) water freezes  t  = K  2 – TR 
(d) none of these
Where, TR = Temperature of Room
AIIMS-1998
 50 – 45   50 + 45 
Ans. (b) : Absolute zero is the lowest temperature  5  = K  2 – TR 
possible. At a temperature of absolute zero there is no
motion and no heat. Absolute zero occurs at a  95 
temperature of a 0 Kelvin, or –273.15 degrees Celsius, 1 = K  – TR 
2 
or at –460 degrees Fahrenheit.
2 = K [95–2TR] .....(i)
18. A centigrade and Fahrenheit thermometers
and dipped in boiling water. The water Case-2
temperature is lowered until the Fahrenheit Given, T1 = 41.5oC, T2 = 45oC, t = 5 min
thermometer registers a temperature of 140º. According to the Newton’s law of cooling,
The fall of the temperature as registered by the  45 – 41.5   86.5 
centigrade thermometer is:  5  = K  2 – TR 
(a) 40º (b) 80º
(c) 50º (d) 90º 3.5  86.5 
= K – TR 
AIIMS-1998 5  2 
Ans. (a) : Given, F = 140oF 7
We know that, = K [86.5 – TR ] …….(ii)
5
5 Dividing equation (i) and equation (ii), we get –
C= ( F – 32 )
9
2 K [95 – 2TR ]
5 =
C = (140 – 32 )  7  K [86.5 – 2TR ]
9  
5 5
C = × 108
9 10 95 – 2TR
=
C = 60oC 7 86.5 – 2TR
But, fall of temperature = 100°C – 60°C = 40oC ∴ TR = 33.3°C

472
22. The temperature of cold, hot junction of a Ans. (c): Let, M be the mass of each liquid.
thermocouple are 00C and T0C respectively. Let, specific heats of A, B and C be SA, SB and SC
1 (i) When A and B are mixed –
The thermo-emf produced is E = AT − BT 2 .
2 Heat gained by A = Heat lost by B
If A = 16, B = 0.08, the temperature of
inversion will be : MSA (16 − 12) = MSB (19 −16 )
(a) 1000C (b) 3000C MSA × 4 = MSB × 3
0
(c) 400 C (d) 5000C
BCECE-2003 SA × 4 = SB × 3
JIPMER-2015 4
SB = SA ....(i)
1 3
Ans. (c) : Given that, E = AT – BT 2 ....(i)
2 (ii) When B and C are mixed –
Where, A = 16, B = 0.08 Heat gained by B = Heat lost by C
We know that the inversion temperature (Ti) of a
M SB ( 23 −19 ) = M × SC ( 28 − 23)
thermocouple is that temperature of hot junction at
which thermo-emf becomes zero. M × SB × 4 = M × SC × 5
Then, T = Ti and E = 0
Putting all the values in equation (i), we get – 4
SC = SB ...(ii)
1 5
0 = 16Ti – ( 0.08 ) Ti2 (iii) When A and C are mixed –
2
0.04Ti = 16Ti
2 Let, θ be the resultant temperature–
Heat gained by A = Heat lost by C
16
Ti = MSA (θ–12) = MSC (28 – θ) ....(iii)
0.04
SA (θ–12) = SC (28–θ)
∴ Ti = 400o C
Putting the value of Sc in equation (iii), we get –
23. At what temperature, the hydrogen molecule
will escape from earth's surface? 4
SA(θ–12) = SB ( 28 − θ )
(a) 101K (b) 102K 5
(c) 103K (d) 104K From equation (i) and (ii)
BCECE-2003
4 4
Ans. (d) : We know that, SA (θ – 12) = × SA ( 28 − θ )
5 3
3KT 16
Root mean square velocity of gas (Vrms) = θ–12 = ( 28 −θ )
M 15
Escape velocity of gas molecules ( Vescape ) = 2g R e 628
θ= = 20.25o C
To escape hydrogen molecule from earth's surface, 31
Root mean square velocity = Escape velocity of gas 25. Three rods of same dimensional have thermal
molecules
conductivity 3K, 2K and K, they are arranged
3KT as shown in the figure below
= 2gR e
M
2g R e M
T=
3K
2 × 9.8 × 6.4 × 106 × 0.34 × 10 –26
T=
3 (1.38 ×10 –23 )
T = 104 K
24. The temperature of equal masses of three
different liquids A, B and C are 12oC, 19oC and Then, the temperature of the junction in steady
28oC respectively. The temperature when A state is
and B are mixed is 16oC and when B and C are 200 100
mixed is 23oC. The temperature when A and C (a) ºC (b) ºC
3 3
are mixed is
(a) 18.2oC (b) 22oC 50
o
(c) 75ºC (d) ºC
(c) 20.2 C (d) 25.2oC 3
VITEEE-2018 VITEEE-2009
473
Ans. (a): 300 – 3T = 2T – 120 + T
300 – 3T = 3T – 120
420 = 6T
T = 70oC
28. Consider 1 cm3 of air at absolute temperature
T at sea level and other 1 cm3 of air at a height
where the pressure is one third atmosphere.
Let, the temperature at of contact of three rod is T The absolute temperature of the sample at that
KA ( ∆T ) height is
We know that, heat flow (Q) =
L (a) T
3KA (100 − T ) 2KA ( T − 50 ) KA ( T ) (b)
T
= +
L L L 3
3(100 – T) = 2(T – 50) + T 2T
(c)
300 – 3T = 2T – 100 + T 3
300 – 3T = 3T – 100 (d) Cannot be determined in terms of T from the
400 = 6T above data
200 SCRA-2015
T= °C
3 Ans. (d): The amount of the gas is not given. That's
26. The resistance of a metal increases with why we cannot be determined in terms of T from the
increasing temperature because above data.
(a) The collisions of the conducting electrons 29. If a thermometer reads melting point of water
with the electrons increase as 20 °C and boiling point as 180 °C, how much
(b) The collision of the conducting electrons with does the thermometer read when the actual
the lattice consisting of the ions of the metal temperature is 60 °C ?
increase (a) 98 °C (b) 116°C
(c) The number of conduction electrons (c) 120°C (d) 126°C
decreases SCRA-2012
(d) The number of conduction electrons increases Ans. (b): Given that,
VITEEE-2008 L.F.P = Freezing Point = 20oC
Ans. (b): The resistance of a metal increases with U.B.P = Boiling point = 180oC
increasing temperature because the collision of the For actual thermometer
conducting electrons with the lattice consisting of the L.F.P = 0oC
ions of the metal increase. U.B.P = 60oC
27. Three rods X, Y, Z of same dimension having We know that,
thermal conductivities 3K, 2K, K respectively Re ading on any scale − L.F.P
are arranged as shown in the above figure. = constant for all scales
Their ends are at 100ºC, 60ºC and 0ºC U.B.P − L.F.P
respectively. What is the temperature of the x − 20o C 60 − 0
junction? =
180 − 20 100 − 0
x − 20 60
=
180 − 20 100
x − 20 3
=
(a) 75ºC (b) 72ºC 160 5
(c) 70ºC (d) 65ºC 480 = 5x – 100
SCRA-2015
580
Ans. (c): Let, the temperature of the junction point in x= = 116o C
5
constant, T
30. A rigid insulated box is divided into two parts
KA ( ∆T )
We know that, heat flow (Q) = with a partition. One part is occupied by 1
L gram mole of an ideal gas at temperature T1
From the figure, and the other by 2 gram moles of the same
3KA (100 − T ) 2KA(T − 60) KAT ideal gas at temperature T2. When the
= +
L L L partition is removed, what is the final
3(100 – T) = 2(T – 60) + T equilibrium temperature T of the mixture?

474
 T1 + T2 T1 + 2T2 Heat gained by water at 60oC
(a) T = (b) T =
2 3 = m2 Cwater × ( t – 60)
2T + T2 T + 4T2 According to principle of calorimetric–
(c) T = 1 (d) T = 1
3 5 Heat lost = Heat gain
3
SCRA-2011 0.1×10 ×Cwater × (80– t) = 0.3×103×Cwater × ( t – 60)
Ans. (b): We know that, an ideal gas equation – (80 – t) = 3 × (t – 60)
PV = n RT 80 – t = 3t – 180
1 4t = 260
n∝
T t = 65oC
n1T1 = n2T2 34. A bucket full of hot water is kept in a room. It
Where, T = equilibrium temperature cools from 75°C to 70°C in t1 minutes, from
n T = n1T1 + n2T2 70°C to 65°C in t2 minutes and from 65°C to
3T = 1T1 + 2T2 (n = n1 + n2 = 2 + 1 = 3) 60°C in t3 minutes. Then :
T1 + 2T2
T= (a) t1 < t2 < t3 (b) t1 = t2 = t3
3 (c) t1 < t2 > t3 (d) t1 > t2 > t3
31. In anomalous expansion of water, at what Karnataka CET-2003
temperature, the density of water is maximum?
(a) 40C (b) < 40C Ans. (a): According to the Newton's law of cooling
(c) > 4 C0
(d) 100C Rate of cooling ∝ mean temp difference,
Karnataka CET-2014 dH  θ1 + θ2 
∝ − θ0 
Ans. (a) : When cooled from room temperature liquid dt  2 
water becomes dense as with other substances. Water
never has an absolute density because its density varies  θ1 + θ2  75 + 70
  = = 72.5o C
with temperature. Water has its maximum density of  2 1 2
1g/cm3 at 4oC.
 θ1 + θ 2   70 + 65 
 =  = 67.5 C
o
32. The temperature of a gas contained in a closed 
vessel of constant volume increases by 10C  2 2  2 
when the pressure of the gas is increased by  θ1 + θ2  65 + 60
1%. The initial temperature of the gas is:   = = 62.5o C
(a) 100 K (b) 2730C  2 3 2
0
(c) 100 C (d) 200 K  θ1 + θ2   θ + θ2   θ1 + θ2 
Karnataka CET-2010   > l  > 
 2 1  2  2  2 3
Ans. (a): According to Gay-Lussac's law –
P∝T t1 < t2 < t3
dP dT 35. The readings of a constant volume gas
× 100 = × 100 thermometer at 0ºC and 100ºC are 40 cm of
P T
1 mercury and 60 cm of mercury. If its reading
1 = × 100 at an unknown temperature is 100 cm of
T
mercury column, then the temperature is :
T = 100K
(a) 100ºC (b) 50ºC
33. 0.1 m3 of water at 80°C is mixed with 0.3m3 of
water at 60°C. The final temperature of the (c) 25ºC (d) 300ºC
mixture is : (e) None of these
(a) 65°C (b) 70°C KERALA CEE 2006
°
(c) 60 C (d) 75°C Ans. (d): Given that,
JIPMER-2012 Pressure at 0oC (P0) = 40cm
Karnataka CET-2009
Pressure at 100oC (Pt) = 60cm
Ans. (a): Given that, V1 = 0.1 m3, V2 = 0.3m3
We know that,
∴ Mass (m1) = V1 × ρ
m1 = 0.1 × 103 kg ( Pt − Po )
t = 100
m2 = V2 × ρ = 0.3 × 103kg (P100 − Po )
Let, the final temperature of the mixture be = t heat lost (100 − 40 )
by water at 80oC, t = 100
(60 − 40)
= m1C ∆T
o
= 0.1 × 103 × Cwater × (80 – t) t = 300 C

475
36. Same quantity of ice is filled in each of the two Ans. (b): The slope of the given graph gives the inverse
metal containers P and Q having the same size, of resistance. Resistance of a material increases with
shape and wall thickness but made of different increasing temperature because the collision between
materials. The containers are kept in identical the molecules increases.
surroundings. The ice in P metals completely in In graph, T2 has smaller slope.
time t1 whereas in Q takes a time t2. The ratio
So, T2 > T1 (In respect of resistance)
of thermal conductivities of the materials of P
and Q is 39. In a mercury thermometer, the ice point (lower
(a) t2 : t1 (b) t1 : t2 fixed point) is marked as 10° and the steam
(c) t12 : t 22 (d) t 22 : t12 point (upper fixed point) is marked as 130°. At
40°C temperature, what will this thermometer
Ans. (a) : Let, thickness of the wall of containers P & Q read?
be x and surface area A. (a) 78° (b) 66°
Then, heat transfer through the wall of container P, (c) 62° (d) 58°
 dT  WB JEE 2012
Q1 = −K1A   × t1
 dx  Ans. (d):
Heat transfer through the wall of container Q, Standard scale Mercury Thermometer
 dT  0o C 10o C
Q2 = −K 2 A   × t2 o
 dx  100 C 130o
o
Same amount of heat was needed to melt in both 40 C x
container P & Q. We know that,
∴ Q1 = Q2 C − IPw x − IPHg
=
 dT   dT  SPw − IPw SPHg − IPHg
− K1A   × t1 = − K 2 A   × t2
 dx   dx  40 − 0 x − 10
K1 t 2 =
⇒ = 100 − 0 130 − 10
K 2 t1 40 x − 10
=
37. Three bodies of the same material and having 100 120
masses m, m and 3m are at temperatures
x = 58°
40°C, 50°C and 60°C, respectively. If the bodies
are brought in thermal contact, the final 40. 1.56 × 105 J of heat is conducted through a 2 m2
temperature will be wall of 12 cm thick in one hour. Temperature
(a) 45°C (b) 54°C difference between the two sides of the wall is
(c) 52°C (d) 48°C 20°C. The thermal conductivity of the material
WB JEE 2015 of the wall is (in W m–1 K–1)
Ans. (b) : The final temperature after the masses in (a) 0.11 (b) 0.13
thermal contact is θ. (c) 0.15 (d) 1.2
According to principle of calorimetric– WB JEE 2011
Heat Lost = Heat gained Ans. (b) : Given that, A = 2m2, l = 12cm = 0.12m, ∆T =
3 mS (60 – θ) = mS (θ – 50) + mS (θ – 40) 20° C
3 (60 – θ ) = θ – 50 + θ – 40 Rate of heat flowing through the wall,
θ = 54° C dQ 1.56 × 105 J 1.56 × 105 J
= = = 43.33Js −1
38. The I-V characteristics of a metal wire at two dt 1h 3600
different temperatures (T1 and T2) are given in dQ KA∆T
the adjoining figure. Here, we can conclude Using, =
that dt l
K × 2 × 20
43.33 =
0.12
K= 0.13 Wm–1 K–1
41. Two temperature scales A and B are related by
A − 42 B − 72
= . At which temperature two
110 220
scales have the same reading?
(a) T1 > T2 (b) T1 < T2 (a) –42° (b) –72°
(c) T1 = T2 (d) T1 = 2T2 (c) +12° (d) –40°
WB JEE 2012 WB JEE 2011
476
Ans. (c) : The relation between two temperature scale is Ans. (c) : At change in temperature, gases expand more
given as: than liquids. Thus gas thermometer is more sensitive
A − 42 B − 72 than liquid thermometer.
= • Boltzman's constant is the ratio of Universal gas
110 220
constant and Avagadro's number. It relates the
According to question, for the two temperature scale to average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the
show same reading, A = B temperature of the gas.
A − 42 A − 72 • The density of a given mass of a gas constant
Hence, =
110 220 pressure is inversely proportional to its absolute
2(A – 42) = A – 72 temperature.
2A –84 = A –72 So, it is clear that statement (I) is wrong.
A = 12° 45. An air conditioner (AC) removes heat rate of
1.2kJ/sec from a room. A power of 400W is
42. A beaker is completely filled with water at 4°C. required to run the AC. The coefficient of
It will over flow
performance (α) of the AC is 10% of that of the
(a) When cooled but not when heated refrigerator operating between outside and
(b) When heated but not when cooled room temperature. If outside temperature is
(c) Both when heated or cooled 37ºC, what will be room temperature ?
(d) Neither when heated nor when cooled (a) 31ºC (b) 27ºC
UP CPMT-2013 (c) 24ºC (d) 25ºC
Ans. (c) : Water has the least volume of 4°C. So, if the TS EAMCET 28.09.2020, Shift-I
water is heated above 4°C or cooled below 4°C, then Ans. (b) : Given that,
density decreases. Rate of removal of heat = 1.2 kJ/sec = 1200 J/sec
Hence, it expands and overflow in both case. Power required to run AC = 400W
43. When a mercury thermometer is inserted in a Coefficient of performance of AC = 10%
pot of hot water and the reading is recorded, Outside temperature = 37°C = 273+37=310K
what temperature is being recorded, ∵ Coefficient of performance
(a) Average temperature of water and
Desired 1200
surrounding (COP) AC = = =3
(b) Average temperature of thermometer Input 400
(c) Average temperature of water and ∴ (COP)AC = 10% of (COP)Ref
thermometer  Tc 
(d) Temperature difference between water and 3 = 0.1×  
surrounding  TH − Tc 
TS EAMCET(Medical)-2017 Tc
30 = ⇒ 9300 = Tc + 30 Tc
Ans. (a) : The expansion of mercury in the thermometer 310 − Tc
is due to the high temperature of the hot water. 9300=31 Tc
Thus the reading of the thermometer tells the Tc=300K
temperature of the hot water. The mercury is m the Tc=300–273
contact with the water. When it is dipped. Thus, the Tc= 27°C
mercury only records the temperature of the water. 46. In a room where the temperature is 30oC a
44. Statement (I) : Gas thermometers are less body cools from 61oC to 59oC in 4 minutes. The
sensitive than liquid thermometers. time taken by the body to cool from 51oC to
Statement (II) : The ratio of universal gas 49oC will be:
constant and Avagadro’s number is called (a) 4 min (b) 5 min
Boltzman’s constant. (c) 6 min (d) 8 min
Statement (III) : The density of a given mass of MP PMT-2013
a gas at constant pressure is inversely Ans. (c): The average temperature of the liquid in the
proportional to its absolute temperature. first case
The correct option among the following is 61 + 59
(a) Statements I, II, III are true. θ1 = = 60o C
2
(b) Statements I, II are true, but statement III is Temperature difference from surrounding
false. θ1 – θ0 = 60 – 30 = 30oC
(c) Statements II, III are true, but statement I is
The rate of fall of temperature is
false.
(d) Statements I, II, III are false. dθ1 61o C − 59o C
=
TS EAMCET 18.07.2022, Shift-II dt 4

477
 dθ1 2 1 According to question, Q1 = Q2
= = º C / min 100 − 10 T − 10
dt 4 2 =
From, Newton's law of cooling, 100 60
T = 64°C
dθ1
= K∆θ 49. Which of the following parameters does not
dt characterise the thermodynamic state of
1 matter?
2
( )
º C / min = K 30o (a) Temperature (b) Pressure
1 (c) Work (d) Volume
K= .....(i) JIPMER-2009
60
In the second case, average temperature Ans. (c) : Work and heat are path dependent functions.
i.e. They are independent from the initial and final state
51 + 49 of process.
θ2 = = 50o C
2 Temperature, pressure and volume are sate functions,
Temperature difference with surrounding 50. One rod of length 2 m and thermal
(θ2 – θ0) = 50oC – 30o C = 20o C conductivity 50 unit is attached to another rod
If it takes a time t to cool from 51oC to 49oC of length 1 m and thermal conductivity 100
unit. Temperature of free ends are 70 oC and
dθ2 51 − 49 2o C 50oC respectively. Then temperature of
Then, = =
dt t t junction point will be
According to Newton's law of cooling (a) 60oC (b) 54oC
dθ2 o
(c) 64 C (d) 68oC
= K(θ2 − θ0 )
dt JIPMER-2019
2o C 1 Ans. (b) : Given, thermal conductivity (K1) = 50 unit,
= × 20 thermal conductivity (K2) = 100 unit, T1 = 70°C, T2 =
t 60
50°C, L1 = 2m, L2 = 1m
t = 6 min
Heat current through one rod (H1) = Heat current
47. Two similar heater coils separately take 10 through another rod (H2)
minutes to boil a certain amount of water. If K1A1 (T1 − T0 ) K 2 A 2 (T0 − T2 )
both coils are connected in series, time taken to =
boil the same amount of water will be L1 L2
(a) 15 minutes (b) 20 minutes (∵ A1 = A 2 )
(c) 7.5 minutes (d) 25 minutes Let, the temperature of junction is T0
MP PMT-2009 (70 − T0 ) (T − 50)
50 × = 100 × 0
Ans. (b) : As two coils boil separately by a certain 2 1
amount of water in time (t1) = 10 min and t2 = 10 min. So, 70 – T0 = 4 (T0 – 50)
When they are used together in series then 70 – T0 = 4 T0 – 200
ts = t1 + t2 270 = 5 T0
ts = 10 + 10 T0 = 54°C
ts = 20 min 51. Oxygen boils at – 183º C. This temperature is
48. The end A of rod AB is length 1 m is approximately ____
maintained at 100oC and the end B at 10oC. (a) 215 ºF (b) –297 ºF
The temperature at a distance of 60 cm from (c) 329 ºF (d) 361 ºF
the end B is AP EAMCET-25.08.2021, Shift-II
(a) 64oC (b) 36oC Ans. (b) : The relation of degree Centigrade and degree
o
(c) 46 C (d) 72oC Fahrenheit–
MP PET-2008 C F – 32
=
Ans. (a) : Let the temperature at a distance of 60cm 5 9
from end B to TºC. –183 F – 32
=
5 9
–1647 = 5 F – 160
5 F = –1487
dT 1487
We know that, Q = KA F=– = – 297.4 ≃ – 297 ºF
x 5

478
52. At room temperature (27°C) the resistance of a 55. In a platinum resistance thermometer, the
heating element is 100Ω. What is the resistances of the wire at ice point and steam
temperature of the element if the resistance is point are of 4Ω and 4.25Ω respectively. When
found to be 137Ω, given that the temperature
the thermometer is kept in a hot water bath,
coefficient of the material of the resistor is 1.35
× 10–4 °C-1. whose temperature is not known, the resistance
(a) 2767°C (b) 1227° of the wire is found to be 4.5Ω. The
(c) 1027°C (d) 2327°C temperature of the hot water bath is
GUJCET 18.04.2022 (a) 150ºC (b) 100ºC
Ans. (a) : Given, room temperature (T) = 27oC, R = (c) 300ºC (d) 350ºC
100Ω, R1 = 137 Ω, α = 1.35×10–4 °C–1 (e) 200ºC
Let, T1 is the increased temperature Kerala CEE 2020
According to the temperature coefficient–
Ans. (e): Given,
(R1 − R)
α= Resistance at ice point (R0) = 4 Ω
R ( T1 – T ) Resistance at steam point (R100) = 4.25 Ω
(R1 – R) Resistance when dip in unknown (Rt) = 4.5 Ω
T1–T =
Rα We know that, R 100 = R 0 (1 + α × 100)
(137 – 100) R − R 0 4.25 − 4 0.25
(T1 – 27) = α = 100 = = = 6.25 × 10−4 o C −1
100 × 1.35 × 10 –4 100R 0 4 × 100 400
37 × 104 Let, the temperature of hot bath = t oC
T1 – 27 =
135 R t = R 0 (1 + αt)
T1 = 2767 C
R − R0 4.5 − 4
53. On a hilly region, water boils at 95°C. The t= t = −4
= 200 o C
temperature expressed in Fahrenheit is R 0 α 4 × 6.25 × 10
(a) 100°F (b) 20.3°F Hence, temperature of bath is 200 oC
(c) 150°F (d) 203°F 56. If θi is inversion temperature,θn is the neutral
DCE-2007 temperature,θc is the temperature of the cold
Ans. (d) : Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are recorded as junction for thermocouple, then
C F − 32 (a) θi+ θc = θn (b) θi− θc = 2θn
= (∵ C = 95°C)
5 9
θ + θc
95 F − 32 (c) 1 = θn (d) θc− θi = 2θn
∴ = 2
5 9
CG PET- 2006
1015
∴ F= = 203° F Ans. (c) :
5
54. Consider the two following statements A and
B, and identify the correct choice given in the
answers
A. Duddell's thermo galvanometer is suitable to
measure direct current only.
B. Thermopile can measure temperature
difference of the order of 10–3 °C.
(a) Both A and B are true
(b) Both A and B are false
(c) A is true but B is false
(d) A is false but B is true
EAMCET-2007
Where, θi = inversion temperature
Ans. (d) : Duddell’s thermo galvanometer does not
suitable to measure direct current only but it can be θn = the neutral temperature
used to measure small electric current. It is used on a θc = temperature of cold junction
circuit of any frequency and currents as small as twenty Now, θn – θc = θi – θn
micro-amperes can be readily measured by it.
2θn = θi + θc
Thermopile is an electric device that converts thermal
energy to electrical energy. It can measure temperature θ + θc
θn = i
difference of the order of 10–3 °C. 2

479
57. Neutral temperature of a thermocouple is 60. A horizontal fire hose with a nozzle of cross-
defined as the temperature at which 5
(a) the thermo emf change sign sectional area × 10–3m2 delivers a cubic
21
(b) the thermo emf is maximum
meter of water in 10s. What will be the
(c) the thermo emf is minimum
maximum possible increase in the temperature
(d) the thermo emf is zero
of water while it hits a rigid wall (neglecting the
CG PET- 2004
effect of gravity)?
Ans. (b) : (a) 1°C (b) 0.1°C
(c) 10°C (d) 0.01°C
WB JEE 2019
5
Ans. (a) : Given that, A = × 10 –3 m 2
21

dQ
Rate of heat transfer, = A×V ?
Neutral temperature (θn) of a thermocouple is the dt
temperature where thermo emf is maximum. 1
When the temperature is increased beyond neutral = A×V
10
temperature, the thermo emf starts to decrease and
alternately becomes zero at inversion temperature. 1
V=
o
58. When 50 g of water at 10 C is mixed with 50 g 10A
of water at 100oC. The resultant temperature is Kinetic energy change into heat
(a) 80oC (b) 55oC 1
o mV 2 = mS∆T
(c) 25 C (d) 45oC 2
AP EAMCET (17.09.2020) Shift-I 2
1
V2  1 
Ans. (b) : According to principle of calorimetry, ∆T = =  ×
2S  10A  2S
Heat gain = Heat loss
50 × S × (T – 10) = 50 × S × (100 – T) 1 21 1
= × ×
T – 10 = 100 – T 2 100 × 25 × 10 –6 4.18
2T = 110 10 –3
o
T = 55 C
∆T = 1 C
59. 5 kg of water at 20oC is added to 10 kg of water
at 60oC. Neglecting heat capacity of vessel and 61. Two black bodies A and B have equal surface
other losses, the resultant temperature will be areas and are maintained at temperatures 27°C
nearly and 177°C respectively. What will be the ratio
(a) 35oC (b) 40oC of the thermal energy radiated per second by A
(c) 47oC (d) 28oC to that by B?
AP EAMCET (17.09.2020) Shift-I (a) 4 : 9 (b) 2 : 3
Ans. (c) : Given that, m1 = 5kg, T1 = 20°C, m2 = 10 kg, (c) 16 : 81 (d) 27 : 177
T2 = 60°C WB JEE 2019
Let the resultant temperature is T. Ans. (c) : According to the question–
Heat gained by water at 20°C = Heat lost by water at Area of both bodies A and B are equal then
60°C Temperature of body A = 27o C = 300K
m1S (T – 20) = m2 × S(60 – T) Temperature of body B = 177oC = 450 K
5 × S (T – 20) = 10S(60 – T) According to Stefan –Boltzman law, thermal energy
T – 20 = 2 (60 – T) radiated per second by a body–
T – 20 = 120 – 2T
Q = σ AT4
3T = 140
Where, A = Area
140 T = Temperature
T=
3 σ = Stefan-Boltzman's constant
T = 46.66°C So, the ratio of thermal energy radiated per second
≃ 47 C by A to that by B is
480
 4 Ans. (a) : According to Stefan – Boltzman Law–
Q1 σA  T1 
=   E = σT 4
Q 2 σA  T2 
dT
Putting these value, we get– R= ∝ ( T 4 − To4 )
4 dt
Q1  300 
=  R1 T14 − To4
Q 2  450  =
R 2 T24 − To4
Q1 16
=
R1 ( 600 ) − ( 200 ) 
Q 2 81  4 4

=
Ratio of thermal energy radiated per second R 2 ( 400 )4 − ( 200 )4 
Q1 : Q2 = 16 : 81  

R1 100 ( 6 ) − ( 2 ) 
4 4 4

62. Which of the following devices is used for
detecting thermal radiations? =
(a) Thermopile R 2 1004 ( 4 )4 − ( 2 ) 4 
 
(b) Liquid thermometer R1 1280
(c) Platinum resistance thermometer =
R 2 240
(d) Constant volume thermometer
WB JEE-2007 R1 16
=
Ans. (a) : A thermopile is a sensitive instrument, used R2 3
for detection of heat radiation and measurement of their 3 3
intensity. R2 = R1 or R
16 16
63. A wire has resistance of 3.1 Ω at 30 oC and 4.5 65. Two identical shaped metallic spheres A and B
Ω at 100 oC. The temperature coefficient of made up of same material of mass 'm' and '4m'
resistance of the wire is are heated to attain a temperature T1 and then
(a) 0.0012 oC–1 (b) 0.0024 oC–1 they are placed in a container maintained at
o –1
(c) 0.0032 C (d) 0.0064 oC–1 temperature T2(T2 < T1). The spheres are
TS EAMCET (Engg.)-2017 thermally insulated from each other. If R is the
Ans. (d) : Given that, rate of change of temperature, then the ratio
R1 = 3.1 Ω T1 = 30°C RA & RB is
1
R2 = 4.5 Ω T2 = 100°C 1  1 3
Resistance of wire at any temperature– (a) (b)  
4 4
R 2 = R1 1 + α ( T2 – T1 )  2
 1 3 1
4.5 = 3.1 1 + α (100 – 30 )  (c)   (d) ( 4) 3
4
4.5 = 3.1[1 + 70α ] TS EAMCET 02.05.2018, Shift-II
4.5 Ans. (d) : Given that, M1 = m, M2 = 4m
= 1 + 70α
3.1 Heat loss as per Stephan's boltzman law
1.4516 = 1 + 70 α E = eσ AT4
0.4515 = 70 α E = eσT4 (4πr2)
0.4515 We know that,
α=
70 Volume of sphere (V) = 4/3 πR3
mass
α = 0.0064 °C –1 V=
Density
64. A sphere at 600 K is losing heat due to
radiation. At this temperature its rate of 4 3 m
πr =
cooling is R. The rate of cooling of this sphere 3 ρ
at 400 K is (temperature of surroundings is 200 r = K(m) 1/3
K) 1

3 8 r1  m1  3
(a) R (b) R Therefore, = 
16 27 r2  m 2 
16 2 2/ 3
(c) R (d) 7 R E1  r1   m1 
3 =    = 
E2  r2   m 2 
TS EAMCET(Medical)-2015
481
 E AE Ans. (d) : Given, that,
Rate of Cooling (R) = =
mS m R1 = 2Ω, α = 0.0042 / oC, R2 = 2.118 Ω, T2 = 30o C
1 1 We know that,
R A  m2  3  4  3 R1 1 + α T1
Hence =  =  =
R B  m1   1  R 2 1 + α T2
2 1 + 0.0042 T1
=
66. If K1 and K2 are the thermal conductivities L1 2.118 1 + 0.0042 × 30
L2 are the lengths and A1 and A2 are the cross 1 + 0.0042 T1
sectional areas of steel and cooper rods 0.94428 =
1 + 0.126
K2 A L
respectively such that = 9, 1 = 2, 1 = 2. 0.94428 × 1.126 = 1+ 0.0042 T1
K1 A2 L2 1.06326 = 1+ 0.0042 T1
Then, for the arrangement as shown in the 0.06326
figure. The value of temperature T of the steel- T1 =
0.0042
copper junction in the steady state will be: T1 = 15.06o C
T
68. The resistance of a wire at 0 ºC is 20Ω. If the
temperature coefficient of the resistance is
5×10-3 ºC-1. The temperature at which the
resistance will be double of that at 0 ºC is
(a) 10 ºC (b) 200 ºC
(c) 250 ºC (d) 300 ºC
(a) 18°C (b) 14°C AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-I
(c) 45°C (d) 150°C Ans. (b) : Given that,
JEE Main-27.07.2022, Shift-I Resistance of wire (Ro) = 20Ω
Ans. (c) : Temperature coefficient of the resistance (α) = 5
T × 10−3 οC–1
We know that, R = Ro (1 + α.Τ)
According to the question –
2Ro = Ro (1+ αT)
1
T=
α
Considering the junction, we can write the heat equation 1
as, T=
5 × 10−3
dQ L T = 200o C
450 – T = × 1 ....(i)
dt K1A1 69. When a tyre pumped to a pressure 3.3375 atm
dQ L at 270C suddenly bursts, find its final
and T–0= × 2 ....(ii) temperature (γ = 1.5)
dt K 2 A 2
(a) 270C (b) –270C
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get– 0
(c) –0 C (d) –730C
450 − T K 2 A 2 L1 1 AP EAMCET-24.09.2020, Shift-I
= = 9× × 2 = 9
T K1A1L 2 2 Ans. (d) : Given that, P1 = 3.3375 atm
450 – T = 9T T1 = 27o C = (273 + 27) K = 300 K, P2 = 1 atm, γ = 1.5
T = 45oC Final temperature,
γ−1
67. A standard resistance coil marked 2 Ω is found
P  γ
to have a resistance of 2.118 Ω at 30 °C the T2 = T1  2 
temperature at which marking is correct is  P1 
(temperature coefficient of resistant of the 1.5−1 1

material of the coil is 0.0042 per degree  1  1.5  1 3

T2 = 300   = 300  
Celsius)  3.3375   3.3375 
(a) 15.05 °C (b) 15.07 °C T2 = 200.7462 K
(c) 15.09 °C (d) 15.06 °C T2 = (200. 746 – 273)o C
Assam CEE-2016 T2 = –72.25o C ≈ –73o C

482
70. Two bodies A and B of equal surface area have 300
thermal emissivity of 0.01 and 0.81 T1 = = 500K
respectively. The two bodies are radiating 0.6
energy from the two bodies A and B at 300
0.6 = 1 −
wavelengths λA and λB respectively. Different T2
in these two wavelengths is 1µm. If the
temperature of the body A is 5802 K, then 300
T2 = = 750K
value of λB is 0.4
1 Change in temperature (∆T) = 750 K – 500 K= 250K
(a) µm (b) 1µ
2 72. A tap supplies water at 10 °C and another tap
3 supplies hot water at 100 °C. How much hot
(c) 2µ (d) µm water must be taken so that we get 20 kg of
2
AP EAMCET -2013 water at 35 °C.
Ans. (d) : Given that, 40 50
(a) kg (b) kg
Thermal emissivity (eA) = 0.01 9 9
Thermal emissivity (eB) = 0.81, TA = 5802 K 20 60
Power radiated and surface area are same for both the (c) kg (d) kg
body A and B. 9 9
According to Stefan's boltzman law – AP EAMCET-28.04.2017, Shift-II
4
eA σ TA A = e B σ TB A 4 Ans. (b) : Let the m kg of hot water.
According to law of conservation of energy –
1 1
TA  e B  4  0.81  4
1 m × 1 × 65 = (20 – m) × 1 × 25
∴ =  =
TB  e A 
( )

 0.01 
= 34 4
= 3 m × 1 × 65 = 20 × 25 – 25 m
65m = 500 – 25 m
TA 5802 90m = 500
TB = =
3 3 500
m=
TB = 1934K 90
According to Wien's displacement law 50
λm⋅T = constant m = kg
9
∴ λA TA = λBTB
73. In a thermocouple the temperature of the cold
T junction is TC°C and the neutral temperature is
λATA = λ B A
3 Tn°C. Then the inversion temperature Ti°C is
λB (a) (2Tn – Tc) °C (b) (Tn – 2Tc) °C
λA =
3  T + Tc   T − Tc 
(c)  n  °C (d)  n  °C
Given, (λB – λA) = 1µm  2   2 
λ  λ  AMU-2004
λB – B = 1µm  λ A = B 
3  3  Ans. (a) : Given that,
2 Temperature of Cold junction = TCo C
λ B = 1µm
3 Neutral temperature = Tno C
3
λ B = µm Inversion temperature = Tio C
2
71. Efficiency of a heat engine whose sink is at We know that, Ti – Tn = Tn – Tc
temperature of 300 K is 40%. To increase the Ti + Tc = Tn + Tn = 2Tn
efficiency to 60%, keeping the sink Tio C = ( 2Tn – Tc ) °C
temperature constant, the source temperature
must be increased by 74. A block of ice at – 10°C is slowly heated and
(a) 750 K (b) 500 K converted to steam at 100°C. Which of the
(c) 250 K (d) 1000 K following curves represents the phenomenon
AP EAMCET -2013 qualitatively
Tc
Ans. (c) : Efficiency of heat engine (η) = 1 − (a) (b)
Th
300
0.4 = 1 –
T1

483
 Ans. (d) : Given that, T1 = T, T2 = 2T
According to Stefan's Boltzman law–
(c) (d)
E ∝T4
4
E1  T1 
AMU-2004 = 
E 2  T2 
Ans. (a) : When heat is supplied the temperature of ice 4
increase from –10°C to 0°C. It is represented by a E1  T 
straight line inclined to heat axis. At 0°C the heat is = 
E 2  2T 
used in converting ice into water at 0°C. This stage is
represented by horizontal straight portion. After that E1 1
=
temperature of water rises from 0°C to 100°C. It is E 2 16
represent by a straight line inclined to heat axis. At
E 2 = 16 E1
100°C, the heat is used in converting water into steam.
The graph is represented by horizontal straight line. 77.
The radiant energy from the sun, incident
normally at the surface of earth is 20 kcal/m2
min. What would have been the radiant energy,
incident normally on the earth, if the sun had a
temperature, twice of the present one ?
(a) 160 kcal/m2 min (b) 40 kcal/m2 min
2
75. The thermo emf of a thermocouple is found to (c) 320 kcal/m min (d) 80 kcal/m2 min
depend on temperature T (in degrees Celsius) Ans. (c) : Given, E1 = 20 kcal/m2 min, T1 = T, T2 = 2T
T2 4
as E = 2T − where ToC is the temperature We know that, E1 =  T1 
400  
E 2  T2 
of the hot junction and the temperature of cold
junction is 0°C. The neutral and inversion 20  T 
4

temperatures of the thermocouple are (in =  

E 2  2T 
degrees celsius).
(a) 100,200 (b) 200,400 20 1
=
(c) 300,600 (d) 400,800 E 2 16
AMU-2003 E 2 = 320 kcal / m 2 min
Ans. (d) : Temperature of inversion (Ti) = 2Tn – TC
78. A black body is at temperature of 500 K. It
Where, TC = 0°C and Tn is neutral temperature
emits energy at rate which is proportional to
dE (a) (500)4 (b) (500)3
At Tn , =0
dt (c) (500)2 (d) 500
T2 AIPMT-1997
∴ E = 2T −
400 Ans. (a) : Given, black body temperature (T) = 500 K
dE 2T According to Stefan's Boltzman law–
= 2−
dT 400 E ∝ T4
dE Tn E ∝ (500)4
So, = 2− =0
dT 200 79. Which of the following is close to an ideal black
body?
Tn = 400°C
Temperature of inversion (Ti) = 2Tn – TC (a) Black lamp
= 2 × 400°C – 0°C (b) Cavity maintained at constant temperature
= 800°C (c) Platinum black
So, Tn = 400°C, Ti = 800°C (d) A lamp of charcoal heated to high
76. If the temperature of the sun is doubled, the temperature
rate of energy received on earth will be AIPMT-2002
increased by a factor of Ans. (b) : An ideal black body is one which absorbs all
(a) 2 (b) 4 the incident radiation without reflecting or transmitting
(c) 8 (d) 16 any part of it. Black lamp absorbs approximately 96%
AIPMT-1993 of incident radiation. An ideal black body can be
484
realized in practice by a small hole in the wall of a 70 − 60  70 + 60 
hollow body which is at constant temperature. = K – θ0 
5  2 
10
= K [ 65 – θ0 ] ....(i)
5
Case II:-
θ1 = 60°C, θ2 = 54°C
60 – 54  60 + 54 
80. For a black body at temperature 727°C, its = K – θ0 
radiating power is 60W and temperature of 5  2 
surrounding is 227°C. If the temperature of the 6
= K ( 57 − θo ) ...(ii)
black body is changed to 1227°C, then its 5
radiating power will be Equation (i) divide by equation (ii), we get–
(a) 120W (b) 240 W
10 5 K [ 65 − θ0 ]
(c) 304 W (d) 320 W × =
AIPMT-2002 5 6 K [57 – θ0 ]
Ans. (d) : Given that, 5 65 – θ0
=
T1 = 727°C = 273 + 727 = 1000K 3 57 − θ0
T2 = 1227°C = 273 + 1227 = 1500K 195 – 3θ0 = 285 – 5θ0
To = 227°C = 273 + 227 = 500K 2θ0 = 90
The radiating power for body of 727°C θ0 = 45°C
P1 = 60W 82. A body cools from a temperature 3T to 2T in
According to Stefan's Boltzmann law, 10 minutes. The room temperature is T.
(
P1 = σ A T14 – To4 ) _____(i) Assume that Newton’s law of cooling is
applicable. The temperature of the body at the
(
P2 = σ A T24 – To4 ) _____(ii) end of next 10 minutes will be
Divide equation (i) by equation (ii), we get– 7 3
(a) T (b) T
P1  T1 – T0 
4 4 4 2
= 4 4  4
P2  T2 – T0  (c) T (d) T
3
60  (1000 ) – ( 500 ) 
4 4
NEET-2016
= 
P2  (1500 )4 – ( 500 ) 4  Ans. (b) : Given that, θ = 3T, θ = 2T, t = 10 min
  1 2
According to Newton's law of cooling––
60 ( 500 )  24 – 14 
4

=   θ1 – θ2 θ +θ 
P2 ( 500 )4  34 – 14  = K  1 2 – θ0 
t  2 
60  16 − 1  Case (i) :-
= 
P2  81 − 1  3T – 2T  3T + 2T 
= K – T
60 15 10  2 
=
P2 80 T  3T 
= K 
60 × 80 10  2 
P2 = = 320W 1
15 K=
81. Certain quantity of water cools from 70°C to 15
60°C in the first 5 min and to 54°C in the next 5 Case (ii):-
min. The temperature of the surroundings is Next 10 minutes its cools from 2T to T' temperature.
(a) 45°C (b) 20°C 2T – T '  2T + T '  
(c) 42°C (d) 10°C = K   – T
10  2  
AIPMT-2014
Ans. (a) :Given, θ1 = 70°C, θ2 = 60°C, ∆t = 5 min 2T – T ' 1  T ' 
=  
According to Newton's law of cooling – 10 15  2 
Case I:- 6T–3T' = T'
θ1 – θ2  θ + θ2  3T
= K 1 – θ0  T' =
∆t  2  2

485
83. A spherical black body with a radius of 12 cm 86. Two containers A and B are partly filled with
radiates 450 watt power at 500 K. If the radius water and closed. The volume of A is twice that
were halved and the temperature doubled, the of B and it contains half the amount of water in
power radiated in watt would be B. If both are at the same temperature, the
(a) 225 (b) 450 water vapour in the containers will have
(c) 1000 (d) 1800 pressure in the ratio of
NEET-2017 (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1
r1 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 4 : 20
Ans. (d) : Given, r1 = 12 cm, r2 = = 6cm
2 AIPMT-1988
T1 = 500 K, T2 = 2T1 = 1000K Ans. (b) : Vapour pressure of a substance is
P1 = 450W, P2 = ? independent of amounts of substances. It depends only
We know that, P = σAT4 on temperature, so, their ratio PA : PB is 1: 1.
P = σ(4πr2).T4 87. 10 g of ice cubes at 0°C are released in a
or P ∝ r2T4 tumbler (water equivalent 55 g) at 40°C.
2 4
P2  r2   T2  Assuming that negligible heat is taken from the
∵ =   ×  surroundings, the temperature of water in the
P1  r1   T1 
tumbler becomes nearly (L = 80 cal/g)
2 4
P2  6   1000  (a) 31°C (b) 22°C
=   × 
P1  12   500  (c) 19°C (d) 15°C
P2 AIPMT-1988
=4
450 Ans. (b) : Given,
P2 = 450 × 4 Mass of ice (mi) = 10 g
or P2 = 1800 Watt Mass of water (mw) = 55g
84. If 1 g of steam is mixed with 1 g of ice, then the Specific of water (Sw) = 1 cal/g
resultant temperature of the mixture is Lf = 80cal/g
(a) 270°C (b) 230°C Heat loss by Hot body = Heat gain by cold body
(c) 100°C (d) 50°C Qtumbler = Qice
AIPMT-1999 mw× Sw × ∆T = mi × Lf + mi × si × ∆T
Ans. (c) : We know, latent heat of ice (Lice) = 334 J and 55 × 1× (40 – T) = 10 × 80 + 10 × 1 × (T–0°)
latent heat of vaporization = 2258 J
55 (40 – T) = 800 + 10T
Specific heat (C) = 4.2 J
2200 – 55T = 800 + 10T
Energy required to convert 1g of ice at 0°C to 100°C
water is– 1400 = 65T
mLice + mC∆T = 1[334 + 4.2(100 – 0)] = 754. T = 21.53 ≈ 22°C
When 1g of ice at 0°C reach 1g of water (at 100°C) then 88. Three stars A,B,C have surface temperatures
release energy is very less compared to 1g of steam at TA,TB,TC respectively. Star A appears bluish,
100°C. start B appears reddish and star C yellowish.
85. Thermal capacity of 40 g of aluminium (s = 0.2 Hence
cal/g-K) is (a) TA > TB > TC (b) TB > TC > TA
(a) 168 J/°C (b) 672 J/°C (c) TC > TB > TA (d) TA > TC > TB
(c) 840 J/°C (d) 33.6 J/°C NEET Odisha-2020
AIPMT-1990
Ans. (d) : The appearance of a star depends on the
Ans. (d) : Given that, wavelength (λm) at which it radiates maximum energy.
m = 40 g This depends inversely on the surface temperature (T)
cal of the star. Now, λblue < λyellow < λred. Thus, star A
s = 0.2
g−K (bluish) radiates the shortest λ and must be at the
We know that, highest temperature, while star B (reddish) must be at
Q = m .s the lowest temperature.
= 40 × 0.2 89. Liquid oxygen at 50 K is heated to 300 K at
cal constant pressure of 1 atm. The rate of heating
= 8.0 (∴1 cal = 4.2J)
g−K is constant. Which one of the following graphs
Q = 8 × 4.2 represents the variation of temperature with
Q = 33.6 J/°C time?
486
 Ans. (d) : Given,
∆T for steam = (100 – 80) °C= 20°C
∆T for Water = (80 – 10) °C = 70°C
(a) (b) Specific heat of water (Sw) = 1cal g–1 °C–1
Latent heat of steam (Lf) = 540 cal g–1
According to principle of calorimeter-
Heat loss by Hot body = Heat gain by cold hot body
(Steam) (water)
ms.Lf + ms.Ss.∆T = mw.Sw.∆T
(c) (d)
ms×540+ms×1×(100–80) = 20×1(80–10)
540ms + 20ms = 1400
560ms = 1400
AIPMT-2012 1400
Ans. (a) : If the first phase temperature of liquid O2 will ms = = 2.5g
560
increase as initially. It is at 50K which is in liquid state
for oxygen. 2.5g mass of steam converted into water.
The second phase when liquid oxygen changes to gas, Hence,
temperature remain constant. Total mass of water present = 20 + 2.5
In the third phase, the temperature of oxygen in gaseous = 22.5g
state will further increase. 92. Mercury thermometer can be used to measure
90. Two identical bodies are made of a material for temperature upto
which the heat capacity increases with (a) 260°C (b) 100°C
temperature. One of these is at 100°C, while (c) 360°C (d) 500°C
the other one is at 0°C. If the two bodies are AIPMT-1992
brought into contact, then assuming no heat Ans. (c) : Mercury thermometers are used in
loss, the final common temperature is measurement because mercury is the only metal that is
(a) 50°C in liquid state at room temperature.
(b) more than 50°C Mercury is used in thermometers it can measure
(c) less than 50°C cut greater than 0°C temperature over a wide range.
(d) 0°C The Lower limit being –37°C and the upper limit being
NEET-2016 357°C
Ans. (b) Let, θ = final common temperature and 93. A Centigrade and a Fahrenheit thermometer
Let, Sc and Sh be the average heat capacities of the cold are dipped in boiling water. The water
and hot (initial) bodies respectively (i.e. Sc < Sh) temperature is lowered until the Fahrenheit
According to principle of calorimetry, thermometer registers 140°.What is the fall in
Heat lost = heat gained temperature as registered by the Centigrade
Average heat capacities of hot bodies, thermometer?
Sh = (100°C – θ) = Scθ (a) 80° (b) 60°
Sh 100°C (c) 40° (d) 30°
∴θ= ×100°C =
( Sh + Sc )  Sc  AIPMT-1990
1 +  AIIMS 1998
 Sh  Ans. (c) : Given, F = 140°
∵ Sc/Sh<1 We know that,
Sc Relation between °C and Fahrenheit is-
or 1+ <2
Sh C F – 32
=
100°C 5 9
or θ> Hence,
2
θ> 50° C C 140 – 32
=
91. Steam at 100°C is passed into 20 g of water at 5 9
10°C.When water acquires a temperature of C 108
80°C, the mass of water present will be [Take =
5 9
specific heat of water = 1 cal g–1 °C–1 and latent
heat of steam = 540 cal g–1] 108 × 5
C= = 60°C
(a) 24 g (b) 31.5 g 9
(c) 42.5 g (d) 22.5 g Fall in temperature = (100 – 60)°C
AIPMT-2014 = 40°C

487
94. The quantities of heat required to raise the 96. Equal masses of three liquids A, B and C have
temperature of two solid copper spheres of temperatures 10°C, 25°C and 40°C
radii r1 and r2 (r1 = 1.5r2) through 1 K are in respectively. If A and B are mixed, the mixture
has a temperature of 15°C. If B and C are
the ratio
mixed, the mixture has a temperature of 30°C.
9 3 If A and C are mixed, the temperature of the
(a) (b)
4 2 mixture is
5 27 (a) 35°C (b) 25°C
(c) (d) (c) 20°C (d) 16°C
3 8 AP EAMCET(Medical)-2012
NEET SEP-2020 Ans. (d) : Given,
Ans. (d) : Given that, Liquid A temperature = 10°C
r1 = 1.5r2 Liquid B temperature = 25°C
r 3 Liquid C temperature = 40°C
or 1 = If A and B are mixed (Tmix) = 15°C
r2 2
B and C is mixed (Tmix) = 30°C
We know that, A and C is mixed (Tmix) = ?
Heat, ∆Q = m S ∆T According to principle of calorimetry–
4  4 3  Heat loss by Hot Body = Heat gain by cold body
∆Q = πr 3ρ× S × ∆T ∵ ms = Vs × ρ = πr × ρ  mSA(15–10) = mSB (25–15)
3  3  SA = 2SB …… (i)
For two copper spheres mSB(30–25) = mSC (40–30)
4 3 SB = 2SC ⇒ SA = 4SC
πr × ρ× S × ∆T
∆Q1 3 1 Now, mSA (Tmix –10) = mSC (40– Tmix)
Ratio, =
∆Q 2 4 πr 3 × ρ× S × ∆T 4 (Tmix –10) = (40– Tmix)
3
2 Tmix = 16oC
3 3 97. For a constant volume, gas thermometer one
∆Q1  r1   1.5r2  should fill the gas at
=  =
∆Q 2  r2   r2  (a) high temperature and high pressure
(b) high temperature and low pressure
∆Q1 27 (c) low temperature and low pressure
=
∆Q 2 8 (d) low temperature and high pressure
95. On a new scale of temperature (which is linear) EAMCET-1996
and called the W scale, the freezing and boiling Ans. (b) : A real gas behaves as ideal gas at high
points of water are 39°W and 239°W temperature and low pressure. So, for a constant
volume. gas thermometer, one should fill the gas at high
respectively. What will be the temperature on temperature and low pressure for better sensitivity of
the new scale, corresponding to a temperature temperature measurement.
of 39°C on the celsius scale ? 98. Which one among the following denotes the
(a) 78°W (b) 117°W smallest temperature?
(c) 200°W (d) 139°W (a) 1° on the Celsius scale
AIPMT-2008 (b) 1° on the Kelvin scale
Ans. (b) : (c) 1° on the Fahrenheit scale
(d) 1° on the Reaumur scale
NDA (I) 2010
Ans. (b) : Relation between Celsius (C) , Kelvin (K),
Fahrenheit (F) and Rankine (R) scale –
C − 0 F − 32 K − 273 R − 0
= = =
100 180 100 80
Temperature scales- Above equation, denotes the smaller temperature is 1°
( 39 – 0 ) (t – 39) on the Kelvin scale.
=
(100 – 0 ) ( 239 – 39 ) 99. The surface temperature of the Sun is nearly:
(a) 2000 K (b) 4000 K
or 39 × 200 = (t – 39) × 100 (c) 6000 K (d) 8000 K
t –39 = 78 NDA (I) 2011
t = 78 + 39 Ans. (c) : The surface temperature of the sun is nearly
t = 117°W 6000 K.
488
100. Thermometer A and B have ice points marked The graph change of temperature with time.
at 15o and 25o and steam points at 75o and 125o The part of curve (A → B) is specific heat at change in
respectively. When thermometer A measures temperature.
the temperature of a bath as 60o, the reading of The part of curve (B → C) is latent heat given away by
B for the same bath is
the liquid at constant temperature.
(a) 60o (b) 75o
(c) 90 o
(d) 100o 102. A Kelvin thermometer and a Fahrenheit
thermometer both give the same reading for a
NDA (II) 2011
certain sample. What would be the
Ans. (d) : corresponding reading in a Celsius
thermometer?
(a) 574 (b) 301
(c) 273 (d) 232
NDA (I) 2017
K − 273 F − 32
Ans. (b) : =
100 180
5
K − 273 = ( F − 32)
9
60 −15 B − 25 According to the question,
=
75 −15 125 − 25 Kelvin (K) = Fahrenheit (F)
45 B − 25 5
= K − 273 = ( K − 32)
60 100 9
45×100 9K – 2457 = 5K – 160
B − 25 = = 75
60 4K = 2297
B = 75 + 25 = 100° K = 574.25K ≈ 574 K
101. A solid is melted and allowed to cool and Now the temperature in degree Celsius's
solidify again. The temperature is measured at C = K – 273
equal intervals of time. The graph below shows
= 574 – 273 = 301°C
the change of temperature with time.
103. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
(a) Any energy transfer that does not involve
temperature difference in some way is not
heat
(b) Any energy transfer always requires a
temperature difference
(c) On heating the length and volume of the
The part of the curve that is practically object remain exactly the same
horizontal is due to (d) Whenever there is a temperature difference,
(a) latent heat given away by the liquid heat is the only way of energy transfer
(b) specific heat given away by the liquid NDA (I) 2018
(c) thermal capacity changes with time keeping Ans. (a) : All the bodies around us either release or
temperature constant absorb energy often in the form of heat.
(d) change in density during transformation Any energy transfer that does not involve temperature
NDA (I) 2015 difference in some way is not heat (wave).
Ans. (a) : 104. An ideal thermometer should have
(a) small heat capacity
(b) large heat capacity
(c) medium heat capacity
(d) variable heat capacity
JCECE-2012
Ans. (a) : If heat capacity of thermometer will be too
large, longer period of time will be required for
reaching equilibrium temperature.
Hence, it is always better to have the thermometer to
have small heat capacity.

489
105. A slab consists of portions of different d × 10–3 = 5 × 1.6 × 10–5 × (177 – 27)
materials of same thickness and having the d × 10–3 = 5 × 1.6 × 10–5 × 150
conductivities K1 and K2. The equivalent d × 10–3 = 5 × 16 × 15 × 10–5
thermal conductivity of the slab is d = 1200 × 10–2
(a) K1 + K2 (b) K1 + K 2 d = 12 cm
107. A silver wire has temperature coefficient of
2K1K 2 K1K 2 resistivity 4×10–3 /ºC and its resistance at 20ºC
(c) (d)
K1 + K 2 K1 + K 2 is 10 Ω . Neglecting any change in dimensions
JIPMEER-2015 due to the change in temperature, its resistance
at 40 ºC is
Ans. (c) : Given that, t1 = t2 = t
(a) 0.8 Ω (b) 1.8 Ω
A1 = A2 = A
(c) 9.2 Ω (d) 10.8 Ω
(e) 11.6 Ω
Kerala CEE - 2017
Ans. (d) : Given,
Coefficient of resistivity = 4×10–3 / oC
T1 = 20oC,
T2= 40 oC
We know that thermal Resistance ∆T=T2 – T1 = 40–20=20oC
R 20o C = 10Ω
R 40o C = ?
KA ( T1 – T2 ) We know that,
Q= R 40o C = R 200 C [1 + α∆T ]
L
Thermal resistance are in series combination R40oC = 10[1+4×10–3×20]
R = R1 + R2 R40oC = 10[1+80×10–3]
L L R40oC = 10[1.08]
= +
K1A K 2 A R40oC = 10.8
2L L 1 1  108. A bubble of 8 mole of helium is submerged at a
=  + 
K eq A A  K1 K 2  certain depth in water. The temperature of
water increases by 30º C. How much heat is
2 K + K2 added approximately to helium during
= 1
K eq K1K 2 expansion?
(a) 4000 J (b) 3000 J
2K1K 2 (c) 3500 J (d) 4500 J
K eq =
K1 + K 2 (e) 5000 J
Kerala CEE - 2008
Thermal Expansion (Linear Ans. (b) : Heat added during expansion of Helium (for
(B) monoatomic gas) = nCv∆T,
Expansion, Area Expansion
Then,
and Volume Expansion) 3  3 
Q = 8 × × 8.31 × 30 C v = R 
106. A hole is drilled in a metal sheet. At 27°C, the 2  2 
diameter of hole is 5 cm. When the sheet is ∴ Q = 2991.6 J ≃ 3000 J
heated to 177°C, the change in the diameter of
109. The resistance of a wire at room temperature
hole is d × 10–3 cm. The value of d will be _____
30ºC is found to be 10 Ω. Now to increase the
if coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is
–5 resistance by 10%, the temperature of the wire
1.6 × 10 /°C.
must be [The temperature coefficient of
JEE Main-24.01.2023, Shift-I
resistance of the material of the wire is
Ans. (12cm) : Given, 0.002/ºC]
Change in diameter of hole (∆d) = d × 10-3 cm (a) 36ºC (b) 83ºC
Diameter of hole at 27°C, d0 = 5 cm (c) 63ºC (d) 33ºC
∆d = d0 α(∆T) (e) 66ºC
d × 10–3 = d0 (α ∆T) Kerala CEE 2007
490
Ans. (b) : Given, 111. One junction of a certain thermoelectric couple
R30oC = 10Ω is at a fixed temperature Tr and the other
junction is at temperature T. The thermo-
T1 = 30oC electromotive force for this is expressed by E =
When resistance increases by 10% at temperature t,  1 
10 k ( T − Tr )  T0 − ( T + Tr )  . At temperature T
Change in resistance ( ∆R t ) = × 10 = 1Ω  2 
100 1
= T0 , the thermoelectric power is
R t = R 30o C + ∆R t 2
= 10Ω+1Ω = 11Ω
Now, 1
(a) kT0 (b) kT0
Case – 1 2
When T = 30oC 1 1
(c) kT02 (d) k(T0 − Tr ) 2
R30oC= R0 [1+αT1] 2 2
UPSEE - 2012
10Ω = R0 [1+30 α] …….(1)
Ans. (a) : Given,
Case – 2
When T = toC  1 
E = k ( T – Tr )  T0 – ( T + Tr )  ….(i)
Rt = R0 [1+αT]  2 
11Ω = R0 [1+αt] …..(2) We know that,
Dividing eqn (2) ÷ eqn (1) dE
Thermometric power, S=
11 R 0 [1 + αt ] dT
= Differentiating the eqn (i) with respect to ‘t’
10 R 0 [1 + 30α ]
dE
11+330α = 10 + 10αt = k [ T0 – T ]
dT
11+330×0.002 = 10+10×0.002×t T
11.66 = 0.02t + 10 Now, at T = 0
2
0.02 t = 1.66
dE  T 
∴ t = 83oC = k T0 – 0 
dT  2
110. The volume of a metal sphere increases by
0.24% when its temperature is raised by 40ºC. dE kT0
∴ =
The coefficient of linear expansion of the metal dT 2
is…/ºC. 112. Heat flows through two rods having same
(a) 2 × 10–5 (b) 6 × 10–5 temperature difference at the ends. One rod is
(c) 18 × 10 –5
(d) 1.2 × 10–5 of length l1, radius r1 and thermal conductivity
–5 K1 and the other rod of l2, r2 and K2. The heat
(e) 2.1 × 10 flow rate through the two rods will be equal, if
Kerala CEE 2005 (a) K1l2 = K 2l1 (b) K1r12 = K 2l22
Ans. (a) : Given,
(c) K1l2 r1 = K 2l1r2 (d) K1l2 r12 = K 2l1r22
Change in volume (∆V) = 0.24%
UPSEE - 2011
Temperature (∆T) = 40oC
Ans. (d) : We know that,
We know that,
K A ∆T
Change in volume, ∆V = γV∆T Heat flow for rod 1 = 1 1
l1
0.24 = γ × 100 × 40
0.24 K 2 A 2 ∆T
γ= Heat flow for rod 2 =
100 × 40 l2
γ = 6 × 10–5 / o C K1πr12 K 2 πr22
=
Now, l1 l2

α=
γ ∴ K1r12 l2 = K 2 r22 l1
3 113. A solid ball of metal has a concentric spherical
So, cavity within it. If the ball is heated, the volume
6 × 10 –5 o of the cavity will
α= / C (a) increase (b) decrease
3
(c) remain unaffected (d) None of these
α = 2 × 10 –5 / o C UPSEE - 2008
491
Ans. (a) : If the ball is heated then it will expand at free We know,
surface. So, the ball will expand at outer and inner Change in length ∆L = α L∆T
surfaces. Hence, volume of cavity increases. ∆L = 10×10–6 ×10× (100 – 0)
114. A wire 3m in length and 1 mm in diameter at ∆L = 10–2 m= 1.0 cm
30º C is kept in a low temperature at –170ºC 116. Two rods of different materials having
and is stretched by hanging a weight of 10 kg at coefficients of thermal expansions α1 and α2
one end. The change in length of the wire is : and Young's modulus Y1 and Y2 respectively
[Y = 2 × 1011 N/m2, g = 10 m/s2 and α = 1.2 × 10- are fixed between two rigid walls. The rod are
5
/ºC] heated, such that they undergo the same
increase in temperature. There is no bending of
(a) 5.2 mm (b) 2.5 mm
rods. If α1/ α2 = 2/3 and stresses developed in
(c) 52 mm (d) 25 mm Y
UPSEE - 2006 the two rods are equal, then 1 is :
Y2
Ans. (a) : Given,
(a) 3/2 (b) 1
Length of the wire (L) = 3m
(c) 2/3 (d) 1/2
Radius of the wire (r) = 0.5 mm = 0.5 × 10–3 m UPSEE - 2005
T1 = 30oC Ans. (a) : Given,
T2 = –170oC For rods,
We know that, Young's Modulus of rods (Y1 and Y2) and
Contraction in length of the wire due to change in Coefficient of thermal Expansion (α1 and α2)
temperature (∆L1) α 2
∆L1= 1.2×10–5 ×3×(–170–30) and 1 =
α2 3
∆L1=–7.2×10–3
Now,
Expansion in length of the wire by hanging (∆L2) = (Thermal stress)1 = (Thermal stress)2
F× L
Y1α1 ∆T1 = Y2α2 ∆T2
A×Y α = Coefficient of thermal Expansion
( mg ) × L ∆T = Change in temperature
∆L 2 =
( πr 2 ) × Y So, Both the rod is heated.
Since,
10 × 10 × 3 ∆T1 =∆T2 (given)
∆L 2 =
3.14 × ( 0.5 × 10 –3 ) × 2 ×1011
2
Y α 3
∴ 1 = 2 =
100 × 3 Y2 α1 2
∆L 2 =
( 0.785 ×10–6 ) × ( 2 ×1011 ) 117. When a body is heated, then maximum rise will
be in its
∆L 2 = 1.91× 10 –3 m (a) length (b) surface area
Resultant change in Length (∆L) =∆L1 + ∆L2 (c) volume (d) density
AP EAMCET (22.09.2020) Shift-I
∆L = –7.2×10–3 + 1.91 ×10–3
Ans. (c) : Ratio of coefficients of linear, surface and
∆L= –5.29×10–3 m volume expansion are.
∆L = –5.2 mm α:β:γ=1:2:3
Here, Negative sign shows contraction. Therefore, we can see the coefficient of volume
115. An iron bar of length 10 m is heated from 0ºC expansion is maximum.
to 100ºC. If the coefficient of linear thermal So, when a body is heated, then maximum rise will be
expansion of iron is 10 × 10-6/ºC, the increase in in its volume.
the length of bar is : 118. A metal sphere immersed in water weighs w1 at
(a) 0.5 cm (b) 1.0 cm 0°C and w2 at 50°C. The coefficient of cubical
(c) 1.5 cm (d) 2.0 cm expansion of the metal is less than that of
UPSEE - 2005 water. Then
(a) w1>w2 (b) w1<w2
Ans. (b) : Given,
(c) w1=w2 (d) w1=2w2
Length of the wire (L) = 10 m AP EAMCET (20.04.2019) Shift-1
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion(α) =10×10–6 /oC Ans. (b) : When we increase the temperature, both
Initial Temperature (T1) = 0oC water and metal sphere will expand but expansion in
Final Temperature (T2) = 100oC water will be more because coefficient of cubical
Change in Temperature (∆T) = 100oC expansion.

492
Weight of immersed ball = mg – Buoyancy force Then,
Buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the liquid l
displaced. θ=
r
Hence, the mass of volume of water displaced will ∆l
decrease. θ=
∴ w1 < w2 ∆r
∵ θ is same for both arcs.
119. A crystal has a coefficient of expansion 13×10−7
in one direction and 231×10−7 in every direction We know that,
at right angles to it. Then the cubical coefficient Change in length, ∆l = l α ∆T
of expansion is Now,
(a) 462×10−7 (b) 244×10−7 l ( α 2 – α1 ) ∆T
(c) 475×10 −7
(d) 257×10−7 θ=
t
BITSAT-2020 Therefore,
AIIMS-2014
l l ( α 2 – α1 ) ∆T
Ans. (c) : Given, = …….(i)
r t
α1 = 13 × 10–7
t
α2 = 231×10–7 ∴r =
α3 = 231×10–7 {( α 2 – α1 ) ∆T}
We know, 122. A wire of cross- sectional area 3 mm2 is first
γ = α1 + α2 + α3 stretched between two fixed points at a
γ = 13× 10–7 + 231× 10–7 +231× 10–7 temperature of 20ºC. Determine the tension
when the temperature falls to 10ºC. Coefficient
γ = 475 ×10–7
of linear expansion α= 10−5ºC−1 and Y=2×1011
120. A steel rod of length 50 cm has a cross-sectional N/m2
area of 0.4 cm2. What force would be required (a) 20N (b) 30N
to stretch this rod by the same amount as the
(c) 60N (d) 120N
expansion produced by heating it through
CG PET- 2007
10°C. (α = 10–5 K–1 and Y = 2 × 1011 N/m2)
(a) 600 N (b) 800 N Ans. (c) : Given,
(c) 500 N (d) 400 N Area of cross section (A) = 3 mm2
BITSAT-2006 A = 3×10–6 m2
Ans. (b) : Given, Young's Modulus (Y) = 2×1011 N/m2
Length of steel rod (L) = 50cm = 0.5 m Rise in Temperature (∆T) = 10oC
Area of cross section (A) = 0.4 cm2 = 0.4×10–4m2 Coefficient of Expansion (α) = 10–5 /oC
Young's modulus (Y) = 2×1011 N/m2 We know,
Coefficient of expansion (α) = 10–5 K–1 Tension (T) = Y A α∆T
Rise in temperature (∆T) = 10oC T = 2×1011×3×10–6×10–5×10
T = 60 N
We know that,
Force (F) = Y A α ∆T 123. If the sphere of iron is heated, then its
(a) density decreases (b) volume increases
F = 2×1011×0.4×10–4×10–5×10
(c) radius decreases (d) None of these
F = 0.8×103N CG PET- 2006
F = 800 N Ans. (b) : When the sphere of iron is heated, then its
121. Two straight metallic strips each of thickness t volume will increase due to volumetric expansion. In
and length ℓ are riveted together. Their volume expansion, volume is proportional to the cube
of radius.
coefficients of linear expansions are α1 and α2.
If they are heated through temperature ∆T, the 124. A metal bar of length L and area of cross-
section A is clamped between two rigid
bimetallic strip will bend to form an arc of
supports. For the material of the rod, its
radius
Young's modulus is Y and coefficient of linear
(a) t/{α1 + α2)∆T} (b) t/{(α2 – α1)∆T} expansion is α. If the temperature of the rod is
(c) t(α1 – α2)∆T (d) t(α2 – α1)∆T increased by ∆toC, the force exerted by the rod
BITSAT-2006 on the supports is
Ans. (b) : Let the ∆l be the expansion of bimetallic (a) YAL ∆t (b) YAα ∆t
strips, ∆r = t be the difference in their radii and angle (c) YLα ∆t /A (d) YαAL ∆t
subtended by the arc formed be θ. CG PET- 2005
493
Ans. (b) : According to the definition of linear (a) 1×10 −5 / o C (b) 2×10−5 / o C
expansion co-efficient in bar on increasing temperature −5 o
(c) 3×10 / C (d) 4×10−5 / o C
by ∆toC TS-EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-1
∆L = α L ∆t Ans. (b) : Given,
∆L Area of circular copper coin increases by 0.4% is.
= α∆t
L ∆A 0.4
= = 0.004 = 4 ×10 –3
FL A 100
Coefficient of Young's modulus (Y) =
A ∆L Increase in temperature (∆T) = 100oC
F  ∆A  1
Y= Coefficient of area expansion ( β ) =  ×
Aα ∆t  A  ∆T
∴ F = YA α ∆t 4 ×10 –3
β=
Where, F = Force applied on wire 100
–5
A = Area of cross-section of wire β= 4 × 10
∆t = Increase in temperature of wire We also know that, α:β:γ = 1: 2 :3
125. When a copper sphere is heated, percentage β
change is Coefficient of linear Expansion ( α ) =
2
(a) maximum in radius
4 × 10 –5
(b) maximum in volume α=
(c) maximum in density 2
(d) equal in radius, volume and density ∴α = 2 ×10 –5 / o C
Manipal UGET-2015
Ans. (b) : Let R be the radius of sphere, 127. A sheet of steel at 20oC has size as shown in
V be the volume and ρ be the density. figure below. If the co-efficient of linear
Then, from linear expansion 3
expansion for steel is then what is the change
∆R = R α ∆T 2
o
and % change in radius in the area at 60 C?
40 cm
∆R
×100 = 100α∆T .....(i) 20 cm
R 2
(a) 0.84 cm (b) 0.64 cm2
Now, from volume expansion % change in volume 2
(c) 0.24 cm (d) 0.14 cm2
∆V TS-EAMCET.11.09.2020, Shift-2
× 100 = 300α ∆T .....(ii)
V Ans. (b) : Given,
{∵ϒ = 3α} T1 = 20oC
We known that the variation of density with T2 = 60oC
temperature and coefficient of linear expansion (α)= 10–5/oC
ρinitial = ρ  ∆A  1
ρ ρ Coefficient of area expansion ( β ) =  ×
ρfinal = =  A  ∆T
1 + γ∆T 1 + 3α∆T
∆A
Now, 2α = [ β = 2α ]
A × ∆T
 1  ∆ A = 2 α × A × ∆T
∆ρ = ρfinal – ρinitial = ρ 1 – 
 1 + 3 α ∆T  ∆A = 2 × 10−5 × 40 × 20 × 10 –4 × ( 60 – 20 )
∆ρ =
( 3 α ∆T ) ρ ∆A = 0.64 × 10 –4 m 2
1 + 3α∆T
% change in density ∆A = 0.64 cm 2
∆ρ 300α∆T 128. A steel rod at 25°C is observed to be 1 m long
× 100 = .....(iii) when measured by another metal scale which is
ρ 1 + 3α∆T
n n n correct at 0°C. The exact length of steel rod at
From eq (1), eq (2) and eq (3), we can conclude that
% change is maximum in volume. 0°C is (αsteel = 12×10-6/°C and αmetel
= 20×10-6/°C)
126. The area of a circular copper coin increases by
0.4% when its temperature is raised by 100oC. (a) 1.00002 m (b) 1.0002 m
The coefficient of linear expansion of the coin (c) 0.998 m (d) 0.9998 m
is: TS-EAMCET-09.09.2020, Shift-1
494
Ans. (b) : Given, ∵ Where, A = Area of cross section of wire, assume to
αsteel = 12 × 10–6/°C and αmetel = 20 × 10–6/°C be same in all the situation.
T1 = 25oC T1 L T L
× = 2×
T 2 = 0 oC A ∆L1 A ∆L 2
and L1 = 1 m T1 T2
=
L0 = ? L1 – L L 2 – L
The actual length measured by meter scale at 25oC
T1 ( L 2 – L ) = T2 ( L1 – L )
Lm = L1 [1+α T1]
Lm =1[1+20×10–6×25] T2 L1 – T1L 2
L=
Lm = 1.0005 m T2 – T1
Now, 131. A glass flask of volume one litre at 0ºC is filled
Length of steel rod at 0oC (Lm) = L0 (1+α T2) level full of mercury at this temperature. The
1.0005 flask and mercury are now heated to 100ºC.
L0 = How much mercury will spill out, if coefficient
1 + 12 × 10 –6 × 25
of volume expansion of mercury is 1.82×10–4/ºC
L0 =1.0002 m and linear expansion of glass is 0.1 × 10–4/ºC,
129. The pressure to be applied to the ends of a steel respectively?
cylinder to keep its length constant upon (a) 2.48 × 10–2L (b) 1.52 × 10–2L
raising its temperature by 100oC is (thermal (c) 1.53 × 104L (d) 1.52 × 10–4L
expansion coefficient, α = 11×10-6 /K, Young's JCECE-2016
modulus = 200 GPa) Ans. (b) : Given,
(a) 0.22 × 109 Pa (b) 5.5 × 10–6 Pa Rise in Temperature (∆T) = 100oC
(c) 0.22 Pa (d) 55 Pa Volume Expansion (γm) = 1.8×10–4/oC
TS-EAMCET-05.05.2018, Shift-2 Linear expansion of glass (αg) = 0.1×10–4/oC
Ans. (a) : Given, We know,
Rise in Temperature (∆T) = 100oC Expansion in mercury (∆Vm) = Vm γm∆T
Young's modulus (Y) = 200 GPa ∆Vm = 1×1.82×10–4×(100°– 0°)
Y = 200×109 Pa ∆Vm = 1.82×10–2L
Coefficient of thermal expansion (α) = 11×10–6 /K Now,
According to the question, Expansion in flask (∆Vg) = Vgγg ∆T ∵ γg = 3αg
Pressure = Thermal stress ∆Vg = V×3αg ×∆T
P = Young's modulus × Thermal strain ∆Vg = 1×3×0.1×10–4×(100° – 0°)
P = Y α ∆T ∆Vg = 0.3×10–2L
P= 200×109 ×11×10–6 ×100 Here,
P=22×107 Volume of mercury that over flows = ∆Vm – ∆Vg
∴ P = 0.22×109 Pa = (1.82–0.3)×10–2
130. The length of a metal wire is L1 when the = 1.52×10–2 L
tension in it is T1 and is L2 when the tension is 132. Three metal rods of same length and area of
T2. The natural length of wire is cross-section are arranged to form an
(a) L1L2 (b) L1L 2 equilateral triangle as shown in figure. S is the
L1T2 − L 2T1 L1T2 + L 2 T1 middle point of side QR. If PS is independent of
(c) (d) temperature, then
T2 − T1 T2 + T1
JCECE-2017
Ans. (c) : Let the initial length of metal wire be L.
Strain at Tension T1, (∆L1) = L1 – L
Strain at Tension T2, (∆L2) = L2 – L
Assume that the young’s modulus of wire is Y. Then, [α1 is coefficient of linear expansion for rod QR
T1 T2 and α2 is that for PQ and PR]
A = A  σ T1 / A  (a) α1 = 2 α2 (b) α1 = α2/2
∆L1 ∆L 2 ∵ E = = 
 ε ∆L1 / L  (c) α1 = α2 (d) α1 = 4 α2
L L JCECE-2015
495
Ans. (d) : From the figure, we have 134. A glass flask of volume 1 litre is fully filled with
mercury at 0ºC. Both the flask and mercury
are now heated to 100ºC. If the coefficient of
volume expansion of mercury is 1.82×10–4/ºC,
volume coefficient of linear expansion of glass
is 10×10–6 /ºC, the amount of mercury which is
spilted out is
(a) 15.2 ml (b) 17.2 ml
In ∆PSQ, (c) 19.2 ml (d) 21.2 ml
2
PS = PQ – QS 2 2 AIIMS-2015
Ans. (a) : Given,
l2 V0 = 1 litre
⇒ l02 = l 2 −
4 γm = 1.82 × 10–4/°C ∆T = 100°C
Differentiating with respect to temperature, we have γg = 10 × 10–6/°C
dl  dl  1  dl  Due to volume expansion of both liquid and vessel, the
2l0 × 0 = 2l ×   − × 2l ×   change in volume of liquid relative to container is given
dT  dT  PQ 4  dT QR by
dl0 ∆V= V0(γm – γg) ∆T
Since, =0
dT = 1× [1.82 × 10–4 – 3 × (10 × 10–6)] ×100 ( ∵ γg = 3α)
 dl  l  dl  = [1.82 × 10–4 – 0.3 × 10–4] ×100
⇒ 2l   =   = 15.2 ml
 dT PQ 2  dT QR
135. The real coefficient of volume expansion of
1 glycerine is 0.000597 per ºC and linear
or 2α PQ = × α QR coefficient of expansion of glass is 0.000009 per
2
ºC. Then the apparent volume coefficient of
1 expansion of glycerine is
or 2α 2 = × α1
2 (a) 0.000558 per ºC (b) 0.00057 per ºC
or α1 = 4α 2 (c) 0.00027 per ºC (d) 0.00066 per ºC
AIIMS-2000
133. The volume of a metal sphere increases by
Ans. (b) : We know that,
0.15% when its temperature is raised by 24ºC.
The coefficient of linear expansion metal is : γ app = γ gly − γ glass
(a) 2.5 × 10 /ºC –5 –5
(b) 2.0 × 10 /ºC = γ gly − 3α glass (∵ γ = 3α)
–5 –5
(c) 1.5 × 10 /ºC (d) 1.2 × 10 /ºC = 0.000597 – 3 × 0.000009
JCECE-2004 γ app = 5.7 × 10–4 = 0.00057 per °C
Ans. (b) :Given, 136. A rod of silver at 0ºC is heated to 100ºC. Its
Percentage increase in volume = 0.15% length is increased by 0.19 cm. Coefficient of
Temperature change (∆T) = 24°C cubical expansion of the silver rod is
(a) 5.7×10–5/ºC (b) 0.63×10–5/ºC
The change in the volume is given by, –5
(c) 1.9×10 /ºC (d) 16.1×10–5/ºC
VT = V0 (1 + γ∆T) AIIMS-26.05.2019(E) Shift-2
VT = V0 + V0γ∆T Ans. (a) : Given,
VT − V0 L0 = 1m = 100 cm, ∆T = T2 – T1 = 100°C
= γ∆T
V0 ∆L = 0.19 cm
As we know that,
VT − V0 coefficient of linear expansion,
γ=
V0 ⋅∆T ∆L 0.19
α= =
0.15 L0 (∆T ) 100(100 − 0)
=
100× 24 = 1.9 ×10−5 / °C
γ = 6.25×10 °C −5 −1
Now,
Therefore, coefficient of linear expansion, γ = 3α = 3×1.9 ×10−5 = 5.7 ×10−5 / °C
γ 6.25×10−5 137. The coefficient of apparent expansion of
α= = mercury in a glass vessel is 153×10–6/ºC and in
3 3
a steel vessel is 144×10–6/ºC. If α for steel is
α = 2×10−5 / °C 12×10–6/ºC, then that of glass is
496
 (a) 9×10–6/ºC (b) 6×10–6/ºC Angular momentum (L) = Iω
(c) 36×10–6/ºC (d) 27×10–6/ºC For a rod,
AIIMS-26.05.2019(M) Shift-1
ML2
AP EAMCET-2012,2013 Moment of inertia (I) =
Ans. (a) : Given, the coefficient of apparent expansion 12
of mercury in glass vessel is 153×10–6/ºC and steel Law of conservation of angular momentum,
vessel is 144×10–6/ºC and α =12×10–6/ºC, I1 ω1 = I2 ω2
As we know that, ML21ω1 ML22 ω2  
γ real = γ app + γ vessel = ω ∝ 1 
12 12  L2 ↑ 
( γ app + γ vessel )glass = (γ app + γ vessel )steel L2 > L1 ∴ w2 < ω1
153×10 + ( γ vessel )glass = 144×10 + ( γ vessel )steel
−6 −6 140. A metallic bar is heated from 0ºC to 100ºC. The
coeficient of linear expansion is 10-5K-1. What
vessel )steel = 3α = 3×(12 ×10 ) = 36 ×10 
∵ (γ −6 −6  will be the percentage increase in length ?

(a) 0.01% (b) 0.1%
153×10−6 + ( γ vessel )glass = 144×10−6 + 36×10−6 (c) 1% (d) 10%
( γ vessel )glass = 3α = 27 ×10−6 / °C VITEEE-2016
α = 9 ×10−6 / °C Ans. (b): Given,
T1 = 0°C, T2 = 100°C
138. A bimetallic strip consists of brass and iron
when it is heated it bends into an arc with brass ∆T = 100°C
on the convex and iron on the concave side of Let initial length L
the arc. This happens because– ∆L = ∠α∆T
(a) brass has a higher specific heat capacity than ∆L
iron ×100 = α∆T × 100
(b) density of brass is more than that of iron L
(c) it is easier to bend an iron strip than a brass = 10–5 × 100 × 100
strip of the same size = 0.1%
(d) brass has a higher coefficient of linear
141. A piece of metal weighs 45 g in air and 25 g in a
expansion than iron
BCECE-2009 liquid of density 1.5×103 kg-m-3 kept at 30ºC.
When the temperature of the liquid is raised to
Ans. (d) : Two strips of equal lengths but of different
40ºC, the metal piece weights 27 g. The density
materials (different coefficient of linear expansion)
when joined together, is called bimetallic strip and can of liquid of 40ºC is 1.25×103 kg-m-3, the
be used in thermostate to break or make electrical coefficient of linear expansion of metal is
contact. This strip has the characteristic property of (a) 1.3×10-3/ºC (b) 5.2×10-3/ºC
bending on heating due to unequal linear expansion of -3
(c) 2.6×10 /ºC (d) 0.26×10-3/ºC
the two metals. The strip will bend with metal of greater
α on outer side i.e. convex side. VITEEE-2009
139. A uniform metallic rod rotates about its Ans. (c) : Given that, M = 45g (in air)
perpendicular bisector with constant angular m1 = 25g (in liquid)
speed. If it is heated uniformly to raise its m2 = 27g , ρ2 = 1.25 ×103 kg − m –3
temperature to a certain value, its speed of
rotation T1 = 30°C
(a) remains constant T2 = 40°C
(b) may increase or decrease depending on o
density of metal T1 = 30 C ; density of liquid, ρ1 = 1.5 × 103 kg / m3
(c) increases M − m1 ( 45 − 25 )
(d) decreases V1 = = × 10−3
ρ1 1.5 × 103
MHT-CET 2020
Ans. (d): When the metallic rod is heated uniformly to = 13.33 × 10–3 × 10–3 m3
raise its temperature the length of the rod will be = 13.33 × 10–6 m3
increases due to heating M − m2 45 − 27
V2 = = × 10 −3
We know that ρ2 1.25 × 103
= 14.4 × 10–6 m3
Coefficient of linear expansion
∆V
γ=
V1 × ∆T

497
 V2 – V1 (a) 0.4365 cm (b) 0.5525 cm
= (c) 0.3465 cm (d) 0.2465 cm
V1 ( T2 – T1 )
MHT-CET 2020
γ=
(14.4 − 13.33) × 10 –6 Ans. (c): Given,
13.33 × 10 –6 × ( 40 − 30 ) αb = 2.0 × 10–5 K–1, αs = 1.2 × 10–5K–1
γ = 8 ×10–3 oC–1 ∆T = (250 oC – 40 oC) = 210 oC
∵ γ = 3α l1 = 50cm, l2 = 50cm
γ 8 × 10 –3
α= = ∆l1 = l1 αb ∆T
3 3 = 50 × 2.0 × 10–5 × 210
α = 2.6 × 10–3 oC–1 = 0.21 cm
142. A metal rod of length L and cross-sectional ∆l2 = l2 αs ∆T
area A is heated through T 0C. What is the
force required to prevent the expansion of the = 50 ×1.2 × 10−5 × 210 = 0.126 cm
rod lengthwise ? ∴ Change in length of the combined rod,
(Y = Young’s modulus of material of the rod, α ∆l = ∆l1 + ∆l2
= coefficient of linear expansion of the rod). = 0.21 + 0.126
(a) YAαT/(1- αT) (b) YAαT/(1+ αT) ∆l = 0.336 cm
(c) YAα/T(1+ αT) (d) YAα/(1- αT) ∆l ≈ 0.3465 cm
MHT-CET 2020 145. The coefficient of volume expansion of glycerin
Ans. (b): We know that, increasing length due to is 49 ×10-5 K -1 . What is the fractional change
heating is given by in its density for a 30ºC rise in temperature?
∆L = L0 α T (a) 0.0145 (b) 0.0154
or, L = L0 (1+ αT) (c) 0.154 (d) 1.144w
From the young modulus MHT-CET 2020
F/ A Ans. (a): Given,
Y=
∆L / L Coefficient of volume expansion of glycerin (αv)
YA ∆L = 49 × 10–5 K–1, ∆T = 30 oC
F=
L We know that,
YA L 0 αT ∆V = Vαv ∆T
F=
L0 (1 + αT )  m
VT2 − VT1 = VT1 α v ∆T ∵ ρ = 
YAαT  V
F=
(1+ αT ) m m
− =
m
α v ∆T
143. A hole is drilled in a copper sheet. The ρT2 ρT1 ρT1
diameter of the hole is 4.24 cm at 27.0ºC. What ρT1 − ρT2 α v ∆T
is the change in the diameter of the hole when =
º
the sheet is heated to 227 C? Coefficient of ρT2 ρT1 ρT1
-5 -1
linear expansion of copper = 1.70 ×10 K ρT1 − ρT2
(a) 0.0144 cm (b) 0.144 cm = α v ∆T
ρT2
(c) 1.44 cm (d) 0.0014 cm
MHT-CET 2020 ρT1 − ρT2
= 49 ×10 −5 × 30
Ans. (a): Given, L = 4.24cm, T1 = 27 oC, T2 = 227 oC ρT2
∆T = ( T2 – T1) = (227 – 27) = 200 oC
ρT1 − ρT2
We know that, = 0.01470
∆L = Lα∆T ρT2
∆L = 4.24 ×1.70 × 10–5 × 200 ρT1 − ρT2
∆L = 0.0144cm ≈ 0.0145
ρT2
144. A brass rod of length 50 cm and diameter 3.0
mm is joined to a steel rod of the same length ∴ Fractional change in density = 0.0145
and diameter. What is the change in length of 146. A metal rod is heated to t0C. A metal rod has
the combined rod at 2500C, if the original length, area of cross-section, Young’s modulus
lengths are at 40.00C? (coefficient of linear and coefficient of linear expansion as ‘L’, ‘A’,
expansion of brass = 2.0 ×10-5 K -1 , steel = ‘Y’ and ‘α’ respectively. When the rod is
1.2 ×10-5 K -1 ) heated, the work performed is
498
 1 1 148. A bimetallic strip consists of metals X and Y. It
(a) YALα 2 t 2 (b) YAL2 α 2 t 2 is mounted rigidly at the base as shown. The
2 2
metal X has a higher coefficient of expansion
1 compared to that for metal Y. When the
(c) YALαt (d) YALαt
2 bimetallic strip is placed in a cold bath:
MHT-CET 2020
Ans. (a): Given,
Length of metal rod = L
Area of cross-section of rod = A
Young's modulus of metal rod = Y
Coefficient of linear expansion = α
Change in temperature (∆T) = t oC (a) It will bend towards the right
We know that – (b) It will bend towards the left
1 (c) It will not bend but shrink
Work done (W) = Fl ….(i)
2 (d) It will neither bend not shrink
Where, l is the length extension of rod. AIIMS-2006
We also know that, Ans. (b): The metal X has a higher coefficient of
F.L expansion compared to that for metal Y so when
Y=
Al placing bimetallic strip in a cold bath, X will shrink
YAl more than Y. Hence the strip will bend towards the left.
Or F=
L 149. When a number of thermocouple are joined in
And series, then the thermo emf
l = Lα∆T (a) is decreased (b) is increased
Putting the value of F and l in equation (i), we get – (c) becomes zero (d) remains same
UP CPMT-2012
1 YA.( Lαt )
W= × × Lαt Ans. (b) : When thermocouples are joined in series
2 L thermo emfs set up in each thermocouple will help to
1 increase the current in the external load. Therefore, the
W = × YALα 2 t 2
2 total thermo emf will be increased.
147. A metal rod of Young’s modulus ‘Y’ and 150. A metal ball initially at pressure of 105 Pa is
coefficient of linear expansion ‘ α’ has its heated from 20ºC to 127ºC keeping its volume
temperature raised by ‘∆θ’. The linear stress to constant. The coefficient of linear expansion of
prevent the expansion of rod is (L and ℓ is metal is 10-5 ºC-1 and bulk modulus of metal is
original length of rod and expansion 2×1011 N/m2. The pressure inside the ball
respectively) becomes
2 (a) 2×108 Pa (b) 6×108 Pa
ℓ 8
(a) Yα∆θ (b) Y   (c) 1×10 Pa (d) 4×108 Pa
L
  TS EAMCET 04.08.2021, Shift-II
L 1 Ans. (b) : The ball tries to expand its volume but it is
(c) Y (d)
ℓ Yα∆θ kept in the same volume. So it is kept at a constant
MHT-CET 2020 volume.
Ans. (a): Given, P
B=
Young's modulus of metal rod = Y ( ∆V / V )
Coefficient of linear expansion = α
∆V ∆V
Change in temperature = ∆θ P=B (∵ = 3α∆T)
V V
We know that,
FL ∴ P = 3Bα ( T2 − T1 ) = 2 × 1011 × 3 × 10−5 × (127 − 20 )
Y=
Al = 642 × 106 = 6.42 × 106 × 102 = 6 × 108 Pa
F Yl
Or = (∵ l = Lα∆θ ) P = 6 ×108 Pa
A L
F Y ( Lα∆θ ) 151. If a tensile force is suddenly removed from a
= wire then its temperature will
A L (a) decrease (b) increase
F (c) become zero (d) remains constant
= Yα∆θ
A SRMJEEE - 2015
499
Ans. (b) : Sudden removal of tensile force on the wire, Ans. (a) On heating any metal (i.e. copper). The metal
increases the kinetic energy of its molecules. Hence expand because of phenomenon of thermal expansion.
temperature of the wire increases. So, hole in a copper plate also expand.
152. The ratio of densities of a solid at 0o and 500oC 155. The coefficient of volume expansion of a
is 1.027. The coefficient of linear expansion of material is 5 × 10–4 ºC–1. The fractional change
the solid is in its density for a 40ºC rise in temperature is
(a) 1.2 × 10–5 / oC (b) 1.8 × 10–5/oC nearly
–5 o
(c) 2.4 × 10 / C (d) 3.0 × 10–5/oC (a) 0.01 (b) 0.02
Tripura-27.04.2022 (c) 0.03 (d) 0.04
Ans. (b) : Volume coefficient = 3(linear coefficient) AP EAMCET-07.07.2022, Shift-I
M Ans. (b) :Given,
Density ρ =
V Coefficient of volume expansion (γ) = 5 × 10–4/ºC
Now, when heated to 5000C density becomes ∆T = 40ºC
ρ M δ −δ
ρ1 = = .......................(1)
1.027 1.027V Fractional change in density  o  = γ∆T
 δo 
Change in volume ∆V = 3×Vα∆T
∆V = V × 3α × 500  δo − δ  –4
  = 5 × 10 × 40
New volume V1 = V +∆V  δo 
M M
ρ1 = = ..................(2) δo − δ
V1 V + V × 3α × 500 = 0.02
δo
Equating Eq (1) and (2), we get
M M 156. A steel rod of length 5 m and radius 2 cm kept
= at room temperature is heated to 10oC above
1.027V V + V × 3α × 500 the room temperature. The % change in the
1.027V = V+ V× α × 1500 volume is
0.027V = V × α ×1500 (Coefficient of linear expansion of steel = 10 ×
α = 0.027 ÷ 1500 10–6 oC–1)
(a) 0.03 (b) 0.01
α = 1.8 × 10−5 °C−1
(c) 0.9 (d) 1.2
153. Rail line is being laid at 0 oC with metal beams AP EAPCET-12.07.2022, Shift-II
of length 10 m each and of material having
Ans. (a) : Given that
coefficient of linear expansion 11 × 10−6/oC.
How much gap has to be kept between Length of Rod = 5m
consecutive beams is maximum temperature at Radius of Rod = 2cm
that place is 50 oC? Temperature of heat = 10°C
(a) 2.75 mm (b) 5.5 mm Coefficient of linear expansion = 10 × 10 −6 °C −1
(c) 8.25 mm (d) 11 mm
∆V
Tripura-2021 % change in volume = ×100 = 3α∆T × 100
Ans. (b) : Given data, V
T 1 = 0 oC = 3 × 10 × 10 −6 × 10 × 100
T2 = 50 oC = 3 × 10 −2
L = 10 m = 0.03
α = 11 × 10−6 /oC 157. Assertion (A): A brass disc is just fitted in a
We know that, hole in a steel plate. The system must be cooled
∆L = Lα∆T [∵ ∆T = T2 −T1 = 50oC] to loosen the disc from the hole.
−6
∆L = 10 × 11 × 10 × 50 Reason (R): The coefficient of linear expansion
∆L = 5500 × 10 −6 for brass is greater than coefficient of linear
−4 expansion for steel.
∆L = 55 × 10 m
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct
∆L = 5.5 mm explanation of A
154. Suppose there is a hole in a copper plate, Upon (b) Both A and R are correct and R is not the
heating the plate, diameter of the hole would correct explanation of A
(a) always increase (b) increase (c) A is correct but R is wrong
(c) remain the same (d) None of the above (d) Both A and R are wrong
HP CET-2018 AP EAMCET-07.09.2021, Shift-I
500
Ans. (a) : Co-efficient of linear expansion of steel = 11 γ β
=
× 10–6/°C 3 2
–6
Co-efficient of linear expansion of brass = 19 × 10 /°C 3
γ= β
Co-efficient of linear expansion of steel is less than the 2
brass.
Hence, on cooling, steel cool fast than brass. It means, So, We get X = 1.5
brass loosen from the hole of steel disc. 161. How much heat energy in joules must be
158. A bimetallic strip is made of aluminium and supplied to 14 g of nitrogen at room
temperature to raise its temperature by 40oC at
steel (αAl>αsteel). On heating the strip will _____ constant pressure? (Mol. wt. of N2=28 g, R =
(a) remain straight gas constant)
(b) get twisted (a) 30 R (b) 60 R
(c) bend with aluminium on concave side (c) 70 R (d) 80 R
(d) bend with steel on concave side AP EAMCET(Medical)-2009
AP EAMCET-23.08.2021, Shift-I Ans. (c) : Q = nCp ∆T ….(i)
Ans. (d) : mass 14 1
Where, n = = =
molar mass 28 2
∆T = 40oC
for diatomic gases
A bimetallic strip is made of aluminium and steel (αAl 5
CV = R
>αSteel). 2
Both strips of Aluminium and steel are fixed together 5 7R
CP = CV + R = R + R =
initially in a bimetallic strip. When both are heated then 2 2
expansion in steel will be smaller than aluminium. 1 7R
Q= × × 40
αAl > αsteel 2 2
So, Al strips will be convex side and steel on concave Q = 70R
side. 162. A steel meter scale is to be ruled so that
millimetre intervals are accurate within about
159. A heating coil is used to heat water in a
5 ×10−5 m at a certain temperature. The
container from 15ºC to 50ºC in 20 minutes.
maximum temperature variation allowable
Two such coils are then joined in series to heat during the ruling is (coefficient of linear
the same amount of water for the same expansion of steel α = 10×10 −6 K −1 )
temperature difference from the same constant
(a) 2ºC (b) 5ºC
voltage source. The time taken now is (c) 7ºC (d) 10ºC
(a) 5 minutes (b) 10 minutes EAMCET - 2001
(c) 20 minutes (d) 40 minutes Ans. (b) : Given,
AMU-2012 ∆l = 5 × 10−5 m
Ans. (d) : When two coils are connected in series, then l = 1m, α = 10 × 10 −6 º C −1
time taken ∆l = l × α∆T
T = t 1 + t2
5 × 10−5
T = 20 + 20 ∆T =
l × 10 × 10−6
T = 40 minutes
∆T = 5º C
160. If the coefficient of cubical expansion is 'X'
163. In a compensated pendulum two rods of
times of the coefficient of superfacial different metals are used with their lengths in
expansion, then value of 'X' is ratio of 2 : 3. The coefficient of linear
(a) 1/2 (b) 1 expansions for metals in the ratio is
(c) 1.5 (d) 4 (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 3
SRM JEE-2018 (c) 3 : 2 (d) 9 : 4
JCECE-2003 EAMCET-1999
Ans. (c) : Given, l1 : l2 = 2 : 3
Ans. (c) : Let, the coefficient of cubical expansion and
surface expansion are denoted by γ and β respectively. Expansion = α ℓ∆T
We know that α : β : γ = 1: 2 : 3 Where, α = coefficient of linear expansion

501
 ℓ = length (a) 80.0096 cm (b) 80.0272 cm
∆T = temperature difference (c) 1 cm (d) 25.2 cm
∵ α l = constant UP CPMT-2004
Ans. (a) : Given,
α1 l1 = α2 l2
Copper wire length (L0)= 80 cm
α1 l2 3
= = Both material temperature (T) = 20°C
α 2 l1 2 αSteel = 11 × 10–6 / °C
α1 : α 2 = 3 : 2 αCopper = 17 × 10–6 / °C
164. For a perfect gas, if α, β are the volume and The expansion of the copper with respect to steel scale
pressure coefficients of expansions, then after rise in temperature.
(a) α = β (b) α > β Lexp = LC – LS
(c) α < β (d) α > β, α < β Lexp = Lo (1 + αC ⋅ ∆T) – Lo ( 1 + αS ⋅ ∆T)
EAMCET-1999 Change in temperature (∆T),
Ans. (a) : ∆T = 40°C – 20°C = 20°C
For perfect gas PV = nRT Lexp = L0 (αC – αS) ∆T
Volume expansion coefficient at constant pressure Lexp = 80× (17 × 10–6 – 11 × 10–6) × 20
1  ∂V  nR Lexp = 0.0096 cm
α=   = ….(i)
V  ∂T  P PV Hence, the new length of the wire in 40°C temperature
pressure coefficient at constant volume L = L0 + Lexp
L = 80 + 0.0096
1 ∂P
(β ) =   =
nR
….(ii) L = 80.0096 cm
P  ∂T V PV
167. A metre scale made of steel reads accurately at
 ∂V  nR  ∂P  nR 25o C. Suppose in an experiment an accuracy of
  = = C and   = =C 0.06 mm in 1 m is required, the range of
 ∂T  P P  ∂T  V P
temperature in which the experiment can be
nR performed with this metre scale is (coefficient
α= from equation (i)
PV of linear expansion of steel is 11×10–6/oC)
1 nR (a) 19 oC to 31 oC (b) 25 oC to 32 oC
β= form equation (ii) o
(c) 18 C to 25 C o
(d) 18 oC to 32 oC
P V
TS EAMCET (Engg.)-2017
Coefficient of expansion value and pressure are equal
for a perfect gas. Ans. (a) : Given,
α=β Coefficient of linear expansion of steel,
α = 11 × 10–6/°C
165. The relation between the coefficient of real
expansion (γr) and coefficient of apparent We know that,
expansion (γa) of a liquid and the coefficient of ∆l = l ⋅ α ⋅ ∆T
linear expansion (αg) of the material of the ∆l
∆T =
container is lα
(a) γ r = α g + γ a (b) γ r = α g + 3γ a ∆l = 6 × 10–5m
(c) γ r = 3α g + γ a (
(d) γ r = 3 α g + γ a ) l = 1m
EAMCET-2005 6 × 10−5
∆T = = 5.45°C
Ans. (c) : 1× 11× 10−6
γr = coefficient of real expansion So, the range of temperature in which the experiment
γa = coefficient of apparent expansion can be perform 19°C to 31°C.
αg = coefficient of linear expansion 168. Find the ratio of the length of a steel rod and a
copper rod if the steel rod is 4 cm longer than
γr = γa + γg
the copper rod at any temperature.
γr = γa + 3αg [γg = 3αg]
[The coefficient of linear expansion for steel
γr = 3αg + γa and copper are 1.1 × 10–5/ °C and 1.7 × 10–5/ °C
166. A steel scale measures the length of a copper respectively]
wire as 80.0 cm, when both are at 20°C, the 17 11
calibration temperature for the scale. What (a) (b)
would the scale read for the length of the wire 11 17
both are at 40°C ? 11 17
(c) (d)
Given, α for steel = 11 × 10–6 /°C and α for Cu 4 4
= 17 ×10–6/°C TS EAMCET 18.07.2022, Shift-I
502
Ans. (a) : The length of the copper rod at any 170. A circular copper ring at 30 °C has a hole with
temperature = LC an area of 9.98 cm2. It is made to slip onto a
The length of the steel rod, steel rod of cross-sectional area of 10 cm2, by
LS = LC + 4 cm raising the temperature of both ring and rod
αS = 1.1 × 10–5 / °C simultaneously by an amount ∆T. If the
–5 coefficient of linear expansion of copper and
αC = 1.7 × 10 / °C
steel are 17 × 10–6/°C and 11 × 10–6/°C, then
The increase in length of steel rod, minimum value of ∆T should be
∆LS = (LC + 4cm) ⋅ αS ⋅ ∆t (a) 167.6 °C (b) 133.3 °C
The increase in length of copper rod,
(c) 83.3 °C (d) 249.9 °C
∆LC = LC ⋅ αC ⋅ ∆t TS EAMCET 20.07.2022, Shift-II
The ratio of the length of steel rod and a copper rod,
Ans. (a) : Given,
LS ⋅ αS ∆t = LC αC ∆t
The temperature of the circular copper ring (T) = 30°C
LS α C 1.7 ×10−5 Area of a hole = 9.98 cm2
= =
LC αS 1.1×10 −5
Cross sectional area of steel rod = 10cm2
17 The coefficient of linear expansion of copper
LS = L C = 17 × 10–6/°C
11
The coefficient of linear expansion of steel
169. Two metal rods A and B each of length 50 cm = 11 × 10–6/°C
and diameter 4.0 mm are joined together at We know that,
temperature 30°C. What is the change in
length of the combined rod at 230°C? Coefficient of area expansion (β) = 2α
[Given linear expansion coefficients of rods A βcu = 2αcu = 2 × 17 × 10–6/°C
and B are respectively, 2.0 × 10–5/°C and 1.0 × βst = 2αst = 2 × 11 × 10–6/°C
10–5/°C] Now, change in area (∆A) = βA (∆T)
(a) 4 mm (b) 2 mm ∴ As – A = β cu A(T2 – T)
(c) 3 mm (d) 1 mm 10 – 9.98 = 34 × 10–6 × 9.98 × (T2 – 30°C)
TS EAMCET 20.07.2022, Shift-I T2 = 88.83°C
Ans. (c) : Given, ∴ The change in temperature
Initial temperature, T1 = 30°C A cu + β cu Acu × ∆T = As + β s As ∆T

Final temperature, T2 = 230°C 9.98 + 34 × 10–6 × 9.98 × ∆T

Change in temperature, ∆T = T2 – T1 = 10 + 22 × 10–6 × 10 × ∆T
= 230ºC – 30°C ∆T (34 × 10–6 × 9.98 – 22 × 10–6 × 10)
= 10 – 9.98
= 200°C
∆T = 167.6°C
Length of A rods = 50 cm
Diameter of A rods = 4 mm 171. A rod of resistive material of length L is
connected to a battery with potential difference
Length of B rods = 50 cm
12 V. The resistance per unit length of the rod
Diameter of B rods = 4 mm varies as ρ (x) = 12x Ω/m where x is the
αA = 2 × 10–5/°C distance from one end of the rod. If the current
αB = 1 × 10–5/°C in the resistive rod transfer energy to thermal
For the expansion in A, energy at the rate of 600 W. Then the length of
Change in length ( ∆lA ) rod will be
= α A × ∆T (a) 10 cm (b) 20 cm
Original Length (lA ) (c) 30 cm (d) 40 cm
∴ ∆lA = 2 × 10–5 × 200°C × 50 TS EAMCET 09.05.2019, Shift-I
= 0.2 cm Ans. (b) : Given, Length of resistive material = L
For the expansion in B, Potential difference = 12 V
∆lB Resistance per unit length ρ (x) = 12x Ω/m
= α B × ∆T
lA Thermal energy = 600W
We know that,
∆lB = 1 × 10–5 × 200°C × 50
Thermal energy (P) = V2/R
∆lB = 0.1 cm R = V2/P
Total change in the length,
∆l = ∆lA + ∆lB 122
=
∆l = 0.2 + 0.1 600
= 0.3 cm 144
R= = 0.24
∆l = 3 mm 600
503
Therefore, We know that,
L Resistance (R1) = V/I
∫0
12xdx = 0.24
240
L
=
 x2  10
12  = 0.24 R1 = 24 Ω
 2 0 Now,
6L2 = 0.24 R1 = R [1 + α (T2 – T1)]
0.24 24 = R [1+1×10–3 (1273 – 273)]
L2 = 24 = R [1 + 10–3 × 1000]
6
L = 0.2 m 24
R=
∴ L = 20 cm 2
172. A rectangular plate of glass has length and R = 12Ω
breadth 0.3 m and 0.2 m respectively. The glass 174. A metal block has a linear expansion coefficient
plate area is changed by 2.16 × 10–5 m2, if its of 8 × 10–5/oC and its density at 20 oC is
temperature is increased by 20 K. The 11g/cm3. The approximate temperature at
coefficient of linear expansion for the glass is which its density becomes 10 g/cm3 will be
(a) 8.8 × 10–6/K (b) 9.0 × 10–6/K (a) 220 oC (b) 437 oC
o
–6
(c) 9.2 × 10 /K (d) 9.4 × 10–6/K (c) 328 C (d) 373 oC
TS EAMCET 09.05.2019, Shift-I TS EAMCET 08.05.2019, Shift-II
Ans. (b) : Given, Ans. (b) : Given,
Area of rectangular plate = 0.06 m2 Linear expansion coefficient = 8×10–5/°C
Area is changed = 2.16×10–5 m2 Density at 20°C = 11g/cm3
Temperature is increased = 20K We know that,
We know that, ρ = ρ0 (1 + γ∆T )
∆A = βA∆T Now,
∆A Coefficient of volume expansion = 3×
∴ β= Coefficient of linear expansion
A∆T
γ=3×α
2.16 × 10 –5
β= ρ = ρ0 (1 + 3 × α × ∆T)
0.06 × 20 11 = 10 (1 + 3α∆T)
β = 1.8×10–5/K 1
Where, β = Coefficient of area expansion 3α∆T =
10
∴ β = 2α
1
Therefore, T2 – T1 =
α = β/2 30 × 8 × 10 –5
T2 – 20 = 416.66
1.8 × 10 –5
= T2 = 436.66°C
2 T2 ≃ 437°C
= 0.9×10–5/K
175. The area measured on the surface of a solid
α = 9×10–6/K body of coefficient of linear expansion α is A0 at
173. When operated at 240 V, a current of 10A was some initial temperature. If the temperature
seen flowing through a heating wire and it's changes by ∆T, the approximate change in
temperature reaches to 1000 oC. If the area, ∆A is
temperature coefficient of the wire is 1 × 10–3 / (a) αA0∆T (b) (αA0∆T)/2
o
C, its resistance at a temperature of 0 oC is
2αA 0
(a) 2Ω (b) 4Ω (c) 2αA0∆T (d)
∆T
(c) 12Ω (d) 8Ω
TS EAMCET 08.05.2019, Shift-II
TS EAMCET 08.05.2019, Shift-II
Ans. (c) : Given,  ∆A 
Ans. (c) : Area expansion   = 2α∆T
Initial temperature (T1) = 0°C = 273 K  Ao 
Final temperature (T2) = 1000°C = 1273 K
Operated voltage (V) = 240V
Current (I) = 10A
Coefficient of resistance of the wire = 1×10–3/°C

504
 ∆A = 2α∆TA o Option (b) r = 2ro, l = 2lo
3
 ∆V 
Volume expansion   = 3α∆T 2
 V 
Option (c) r = r o , l = lo
 ∆l 
Linear expansion   = α∆T r2
 l  H∝ o
lo
176. Two rods one made of copper and other made
Option (d) r = ro, l = 2lo
of steel of the same length and same cross
sectional area are joined together. The thermal ro2
H∝
conductivity of copper and steel are 385 J s–1 K– 2lo
1
m–1 and 50 J s–1 K–1 m–1 respectively. The free It is obvious that heat conduction will be more in case
ends of copper and steel are held at 100oC and (a).
0oC respectively. The temperature at the 178. At what temperature a gold ring of diameter
junction is, nearly: 6.230 cm be heated so that it can be fitted on a
(a) 12oC (b) 50oC wooden bangle of diameter 6.241 cm? Both the
o
(c) 73 C (d) 88.5oC diameters have been measured at room
NEET UG-04.09.2022 temperature (27oC).
Ans. (d) : (Given: coefficient of linear thermal expansion
of gold αL = 1.4 × 10−5 K−1)
(a) 125.7oC (b) 91.7oC
o
(c) 425. 7 C (d) 152. 7oC
JEE Main-29.06.2022, Shift-II
Ans. (d) : Given,
Gold ring of diameter (D1) = 6.230 cm
According to question,
Wooden bangle of diameter (D2) = 6.241 cm
Copper and steel have same length (l) and same cross
sectional area (A). Room temperature (To) = 27°C
α = 1.4 × 10–5 / K
KC = 385 J , KS = 50 J
K.m.s K.m.s  ∆D 
Two rods are connected in series, then rate of heat flow Strain   = α∆T
 D 
through the rods must be equal.
QC = QS ∆D D (6.241 − 6.230)
∆T = =
K C A(100 − T) K S A(T − 0) α 6.230 × 1.4 × 10−5
= ∆T = 126.11°C
l l
KC (100 – T) = KS (T) Since, Tf – To = ∆T
T (KS + KC) = 100 KC So, Tf = ∆T + To
100K C 100 × 385 Tf= 126.11 + 27
38500
T= = = = 153.11°C ≈ 152.7°C
K S + K C 385 + 50 435
179. A unit scale is to be prepared whose length
T = 88.5°C does not change with temperature and remains
177. Which of the following circular rods, (given 20 cm, using a bimetallic strip made of brass
radius r and length l) each made of the same and iron each of different length. The length of
material and whose ends are maintained at the both components would change in such a way
same temperature will conduct most heat: that difference between their lengths remains
(a) r = 2r0; l = l0 (b) r = 2r0; l = 2l0 constant. If length of brass is 40 cm and length
(c) r = r0; l = l0 (d) r = r0; l = 2l0 of iron will be ______cm.
JIPMER-2008 (αiron = 1.2 × 10–5 K–1 and αbrass = 1.8 × 10–5 K–1)
Ans. (a) : Heat conduction through a rod, JEE Main-25.07.2022, Shift-I
∆Q (T − T ) Ans. (60) : liron – lbrass = 20cm
H= = KA 1 2 Let l0 be length at temperature 0°C and length l after
∆T l
2 change in temperature.
r
H∝ ...(i) liron – lbrass = 20cm at all temperature
l
Option (a) r = 2ro, l = lo ∴ liron (1+ α iron ∆t) − lbrass (1 + α brass ∆t) = liron − lbrass
(2r ) 2
4r 2
liron + liron αiron ∆t – lbrass – lbrass αbrass∆t = liron – lbrass
H∝ o ⇒H∝ o
lo lo liron α iron = lbrass α brass

505
 liron α brass 1.8 × 10−5 3 Now,
= = = Let the volume of the load = V
lbrass αiron 1.2 × 10−5 2
Relative density = ρ
3
So, length of iron liron = lbrass FX VρgX
2 ∴ Y= = ....(i)
AX a AX a
3
= × 40 = 60cm
2 {∵F = mg = Vρg}
180. The steel petrol tank of a car is filled with 30 When the load is immersed in the liquid
liters of petrol at 10 °C. if αsteel is 24 ×10-6 /°C F'X (Vρg − V × ρw × g)X
Y= = ....(ii)
and γpetrol is 9.9 ×10 /°C, the overflow of petrol
-4
AX w AX w
at 40 °C is From equation (i) and (ii), we get
(a) 0.8262 (b) 0.8694
(c) 1.8532 (d) 1.8416
( Vρg − ρw Vg ) X VρgX
=
Assam CEE-2016 AX w AX a
Ans. (a) : Given, ρ (ρ − 1)
= { ∵ρw = 1}
Tank filled with 30 L at 10°C. X Xw
–6 a
Linear expansion of steel = 24 × 10
Volumetric expansion of steel is 3 times of linear Xw ρ −1
=
expansion. Xa ρ
γsteel = 3αsteel 1 X
= 3 × 24 × 10–6 1− = w
ρ Xa
= 72 × 10–6
= 0.72 × 10–4 1 X
= 1− w
γpetrol = 9.9 × 10–4 ρ Xa
Relative volumetric expansion 1 Xa − Xw
= (9.9 × 10–4 – 0.72 ×10–4) =
ρ Xa
= 9.18 × 10–4
Petrol overflow, Xa
ρ=
∆V = V1 ×γrelative ×∆t X a − Xw
–4
= 30 × 9.18 × 10 × (40 – 10) 182. A piece of metal weighs 34 g in air. When it is
= 0.8262 immersed in a liquid of specific gravity 1.24 at
181. A steel wire is suspended vertically from a rigid 27°C, it weighs 32g. When the temperature of
support. When the wire is loaded with a weight the liquid is raised to 42°C, the metal piece
in air, it extended by Xa . When the weight is weighs 31 g. Specific gravity of the liquid at 42°
completely inside the water, the extension C is 1.2. The coefficient of linear expansion of
becomes Xw . The relative density of the the metal is
material of the weight is (a) 0.0122 0C–1 (b) 0.00122 0C–1
Xw Xw (c) 0.122 C 0 –1
(d) 0.000122 0C–1
(a) (b)
Xw − Xa Xa − Xx AP EAMCET-25.04.2018, Shift-I
Xa Xa Ans. (a) : Given,
(c) (d)
Xw − Xa Xa − X w Original weight of metal (m1) = 34 g
Assam CEE-2016 Specific gravity of liquid at 27 ºC is 1.24.
Ans. (d) : Given, Specific gravity of liquid at 42 ºC is 1.20.
Weight of metal at 27 ºC (m2)= 32 g
Weight of metal at 27 ºC (m3)= 31 g
Let the density of metal at 27 ºC be ρ1 = 1.24 × ρw and
at 42ºC be ρ2 = 1.2 × ρw
∵ Loss of weight at 27ºC is
= 34 – 32 = 2 = V1 × (1.24 × ρw) × g ....(i)
Loss of weight at 42ºC
= 34 – 31 = 3 = V2 × (1.20 × ρw) × g ....(ii)
Now dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get

506
 2 V1 1.24 Surface area of sphere after heating by a temperature δT
= × 2
3 V2 1.2  D' 
S' = 4π   = π (D')2 ....(ii)
V1 2 × 1.2  2 
=
V2 3 ×1.24 Where, D' is new diameter.
V2 3 ×1.24 Now, we know that
=
V1 2 × 1.2 D' = D (1 + α δT) ....(iii)
But from the definition of volume expansion of a solid Put the value of D in equation (ii), we get
we can write that, S' = π D2 (1+ α δT)2
V2
= 1 + 3α(t 2 – t1 ) S' = π D2 (1 + α2 δT2 + 2α δT) ....(iv)
V1
On subtracting equation (i) from (ii) and (iv), we get
3 ×1.24 S' – S = π D2 (α2 δT2 + 2α δT +1) – πD2
= 1 + 3α(42 – 27)
2 × 1.2
= π D2 α δT (α δT + 2)
1.55 = 1+ 3α × 15
45 α = 0. 55 185. If we consider a rectangular sheet of the solid
0.55 the coefficient of areal expansion is
α= (a) Half of its coefficient of linear expansion
45
(b) Thrice of its coefficient of linear expansion
α = 0.0122 0C–1
(c) Twice of its coefficient of linear expansion
183. A sphere of surface area 4 m2 at temperature
400 K and having emissivity 0.5 is located in an (d) Square root of tits coefficient of linear
environment of temperature 200 K. The net expansion
rate of energy exchange of the sphere is AP EAMCET-11.07.2022, Shift-I
(Stefan Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67×10–8 Wm–
2 Ans. (c) :
K 4)
(a) 3260.8 W (b) 1632.4 W
(c) 2721.6 W (d) 4216.4 W
AP EAMCET-04.07.2022, Shift-I
Ans. (c) : Given,
Surface area (A) = 4 m2, T1 = 400 K, T2 = 200 K
Emissivity (e) = 0.5, σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K4
So, Rate of heat loss
P = σ A e [(T14 – T24)]
= 5.67 × 10–8× 4 × 0.5 [(400) – (200)4]
4

= 2721.6 W
184. An iron sphere having diameter D and mass M Area, A = ab
is immersed in hot water so that the Then, length a increases by ∆a and width b increases by
temperature of the sphere increases by δT. If α
is the coefficient of linear expansion of the iron ∆b
then the change in the surface area of the ∴ ∆a = α a ∆T
sphere is ∆b = α b ∆T
(a) πD 2 .α.δT ( α.δT − 4 ) Now,
(b) πD 2 .α.δT ( α.δT + 4 ) Total increased in Area (∆A) = ∆A1+∆A2 + ∆A3
∴ ∆A = a(∆b) + b(∆a)+ ∆a∆b
(c) πD 2 .α.δT ( α.δT − 2 )
∆A = a(α)b∆T + b(α) a∆T + ab(α)2 ∆T2
(d) πD 2 .α.δT ( α.δT + 2 ) ∆A = α(ab) ∆T (2+α∆T)
AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-I
∴ ∆A = α(ab) ∆T × 2 {∵α∆T <<< 1}
Ans. (d) : Given, sphere of mass m and diameter D is
heated by temperature δT. ∴ ∆A = 2α A × ∆T
 ∆A  1
2
D = 2α
So, initial surface area of sphere = 4πR2 = 4π    
2  A  ∆T
4πD 2 ∴ Coefficient of areal expansion = 2× coefficient of
S= = πD 2 ....(i) linear expansion.
4

507
186. The change in density of mercury, when it is 188. A metal tape is calibrated at 25 0C. On a cold
heated from 100C to 600C is (The coefficient of day when the temperature is –15 0C, the
volume expansion of mercury is 18.2 × 10–5 K–1) percentage error in the measurement of length
(a) 1.82 % (b) 0.91 % is
(c) 9.1 % (d) 0.45 % (Coefficient of linear expansion of metal = 1 ×
AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-I 10-5 °C-1)
Ans. (b) : Given, (a) 0.04% (b) 0.05%
T1 = 10 ºC = 10 + 273 = 283K (c) 0.1% (d) 0.08%
T2 = 60 ºC = 60 + 273 = 333K AP EAMCET-04.07.2022, Shift-II
Coefficient of volume expansion (γ) = 18.2 × 10–5 K–1 Ans. (a) : Given,
So, P = P0 (1 –γ ∆T) Coefficient of linear expansion of metal= 1×10–5 °C–1
Change in Temperature (∆T) = [25–(–15)]
P
= (1 – γ ∆T ) = 40 °C
P0
∆l
% error in the measurement of length = × 100
P l
–1 = – γ ∆T
P0 ∆l  ∆l 
× 100 = α∆T×100 ∵ l = α∆T 
P l
1– = γ ∆T
P0 = 1×10–5×40×100
= 4×10–2
P0 – P
= 18.2 × 10–5 × (333 – 283) = 0.04%
P0
189. Length of a wire at room temperature is 4.55
P0 – P m. When the temperature is increased to 1000C
= 910 × 10–5
P0 its length become 4.57 m. Then the coefficient
of linear expansion (α) of the given wire is
 P0 – P  (a) 5.021 × 10–5 K–1 (b) 6.021 × 10–5 K–1
 P  × 100 = 0.91%
 0  –5
(c) 7.021 × 10 K –1
(d) 8.021 × 10–5 K–1
187. A steel rod of length 5 m and radius 2 cm kept AP EAMCET-24.09.2020, Shift-II
at room temperature is heated to 10ºC above Ans. (b) : Given,
the room temperature. Then the change in the At room temperature (T1) = 27 ºC = 27 + 273 = 300 K
cross-sectional area of the rod? (T2) = 100 ºC = 100 + 273 = 373K
(coefficient of linear expansion of steel = 10 × Length of a wire at room temperature (L1) = 4. 55 m
10–6 ºC–1) Increased length (L2) = 4. 57 m
(a) 0.01% (b) 0.02% As we know that,
(c) 0.03% (d) 0.09% L2 = L1 [ 1+ α (T2 – T1)]
AP EAMCET-12.07.2022, Shift-I 4.57 = 4.55 [1+ α (373 – 300)]
Ans. (b) : Given, = 6.02 × 10–5 K–1
Length of steel rod = 5m 190. Two slabs A and B of different materials but of
Radius of steel rod = 2cm the same thickness are joined end to end to
Change in temperature (∆T) = 10°C form a composite slab. The thermal
Coefficient of linear expansion of steel = 10×10–6 0C–1 conductivities of A and B are K1 and K2
respectively. A steady temperature difference
of 12ºC is maintained across the composite
K
slab. If K 1 = 2 , the temperature difference
2
across slab A is
(a) 4ºC (b) 6ºC
We know that,
(c) 8ºC (d) 10ºC
∆A
× 100 = 2α∆T × 100 AP EAMCET -2011
A
Ans. (c) : let θ1 and θ2 be the temperatures at the two
= 2×10×10–6×10×100
faces of the composite slab and let θ be the temperature
= 2×10–6×104 at the common face of the slab.
∆A In the steady state,
× 100 = 0.02%
A Rule of flow of heat across A = Rule of flow of heat
∴ Change in the cross sectional area of rod = 0.02% across B
508
 K1 (θ1 – θ) K 2 (θ – θ2 ) 192. A bimetallic strip is formed out of two
= (∴K2 = 2K1) identical strips, one of copper and the other of
l l brass. The coefficients of linear expansion of
K1 (θ1 – θ) = K2 (θ – θ2) ....(i) the two metals are αC and αB. On heating, the
Also, θ2 – θ1 = 12 ....(ii) temperature of the strip increases by ∆T and
Using equation (ii) in (i), we have the strip bends to form an arc of radius R.
(θ1 – θ) = 2 {θ – (θ1 + 12) } Then R is proportional to
3 (θ1 – θ) = – 24 1
(a) ∆Τ (b)
θ – θ1 = 8 ºC ∆T
191. Three rods of equal lengths are joined to form 1
(c) ∆T (d)
an equilateral triangle ABC. D is the mid-point ∆T
of AB. The coefficient of linear expansion is α1 AP EAMCET -2010
for material of rod AB and α2 for material of Ans. (b) : On heating, the strip undergoes linear
rods AC and BC. If the distance DC remains expansion so after expansion length of brass strip.
constant for small changes in temperature, LB = L0 (1 + αB ∆T)
then
Length of copper strip,
(a) α1 = 2α2 (b) α1 = 4α2
(c) α1 =8α2 (d) α1 = α2 LC = L0 (1 + αC ∆T)
AP EAMCET -2010
Ans. (b) : As shown in the figure,

From the figure LB = (R + d) θ ....(i)

LC = Rθ ....(ii)
∆ABC is equilateral triangle and D is the point Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get
Given, R + d L B 1 + α B ∆T
= =
Coefficient of linear expansion for rod AB = α1 R L C 1 + α C ∆T
Coefficient of linear expansion for rod AC & BC = α2 d
Now, 1 + = (1 + αB ∆T) (1 + αC ∆T)–1
R
In ∆ADC, d
DC2 = AC2 – AD2 1 + = (1 + αB ∆T) (1 – αC ∆T) {∵ By Binomial
R
= l2 – (l/2)2 Expansion }
Now, after temperature increase;
d
l2–(l/2)2 = [l(1+α2t)]2 – [l/2(1+α1t)]2 1+ = 1 + (αB – αC) ∆T { ∵ αBαC<<1}
R
l2 d
= l2 (1+α2t)2 – (1 + α1t)2 = ( α B − αC ) ∆T
4 R
l2 d
= l 2 [1 + α 22 t 2 + 2α 2 t] − (1 + α12 t 2 + 2α1t)] R =
4 ( α B – α C ) ∆T
We know that, So, R is inversely proportional to ∆T
α 22 t 2 & α12 t 2 is very less. Therefore neglect it. 193. On a temperature scale Y, water freezes at –
l2 l2 160° Y and boils at –50° Y. On this Y scale, a
l2 − = l 2 [1 + 2α 2 t] − [1 + 2α1 t] temperature of 340 K is
4 4 (a) –160.3° Y (b) –96.3° Y
l2 l2 (c) –86.3° Y (d) –76.3° Y
l 2 − l 2 / 4 = l 2 + 2α 2 l 2 t − − × 2α1 t
4 4 AP EAMCET -2013
l 2 Ans. (c) : In Kelvin scale;
2α 2 l 2 t − α1 t = 0 Freezing point = 273 K
2
2 Boiling point = 373 K
l
∴ α1t = 2α 2l 2 t In given Y - scale;
2 Freezing point = – 160º Y
α1 = 4α 2 Boiling point = – 50º Y
509
 Using conversion relation; Lfinal = L (1 + α ∆T)
TY – (–160º ) TK – 273 ∆L α∆T
= ε= = ……(i)
–50 – (–160) 373 – 273 Lfinal 1 + α∆T
TY + 160 TK – 273 Stress σ F/A
= Young's modulus, Y = = =
110 100 Strain ε ∆L / L final
TY + 160 340 – 273
= {∵ Tk = 340K} YAαT
11 10 F=
TY + 160 67 1 + αT
= 196. If two rods of lengths L and 2L, having
11 10
TY + 160 = 73 .7 coefficients of linear expansion α and 2α
TY = – 86.3º Y respectively are connected end-to end, then
find the average coefficient of linear expansion
194. If the volume of a block of metal changes by
of the composite rod.
0.12% when heated through 20 °C, then find its
coefficient of linear expansion. 3α 5α
(a) (b)
–5
(a) 4 × 10 °C –1 –4
(b) 4 × 10 °C –1 2 2
–5
(c) 2 × 10 °C –1 –4
(d) 2 × 10 °C –1
5α 5α
(c) (d)
AP EAMCET-20.08.2021, Shift-I 4 3
Ans. (c) : We know, AP EAMCET-19.08.2021, Shift-I
Final volume, V = V0 (1 + γ ∆T) Ans. (d) : Given,
Length of 1st rod = L
Where γ is coefficient of volumetric expansion.
Length of 2nd rod = 2L
∆V
= γ ∆T
Vo
∆V
% change in volume, × 100 = γ ∆T × 100
Vo
0.12 = γ × 20 ×100
0.12 Now, Total initial length of combination = L+2L = 3L
γ= Increment in the first rod = Lα∆T
20 × 100
= 6 × 10–5 0C–1 Increment in the second rod = (2L) (2α) ∆T
Also, we know = 4αL∆T
γ Total increment = 4αL∆T + Lα∆T = 5 Lα∆T
α=
3 ∴ The average coefficient of linear thermal expansion
Where, α = coefficient of linear expansion increment in combination
=
6 × 10 –5 initial length × change in temperature
α=
3 5L α∆T 5α
=
α = 2 × 10–5 0C–1 3L ∆T 3
195. A metal rod of length L and cross-sectional 197. A solid floats in a liquid at 20 °C with 75% of
area A is heated through TºC. What is the force its volume immersed in the liquid. When the
required to prevent the expansion of rod length liquid is heated to t °C. 80% of volume of the
wise? solid is immersed in the liquid. If the absolute
YAαT YAαT expansion of the liquid is 8.33 ×10–4 °C–1 then
(a) (b)
(1 − αT ) (1 + αT ) the temperature ‘t’ is approximately
(c)
(1 − α T ) (d)
(1 + α T ) (Expansion of solid is negligible)
YAαT YAαT (a) 80 °C (b) 100 °C
AP EAMCET-03.09.2021, Shift-II (c) 120 °C (d) 150 °C
Ans. (b) : Change in length, (∆L) = L α ∆T AP EAMCET-28.04.2017, Shift-II
Final length (Lfinal) = L ± ∆L Ans. (b) : Given,
Now in order to constrain the expansion there should Initial volume of solid = V
be force that should compress the rod by ∆L. At 20ºC, the volume immersed in liquid
∆L ∆L 75 3
Strain = ⇒ ∆L = L α ∆T ⇒ = α∆T 75% V = V= V
Lfinal L 100 4

510
At t°C, the volume immersed in liquid Ans. (c) : Given, two uniform brass rod A and B of
80 4 length l and 2l and radii 2r and r respectively.
80% V = V= V For rod A, VA = l × π (2r)2
100 5
Absolute expansion of the liquid (α) = 8.33×10–4°C–1 VA' = VA (1 + γ∆T)
We know that, VA' – VA = VA γ∆T ….(i)
Weight of floating body = Buoyant force 2
For rod B, VB = 2l × π(r)
3 
In case-I, mg =  V  × ρ20° C × g ....(i) VB = VB (1 + γ∆T )
'

4 
VB' – VB = VB γ∆T ….(ii)
4 
In case-II, mg =  V  × ρt ° C × g ....(ii) Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get-
5 
∆VA πl ( 2r )
2
∴ Equating equation (i) and (ii), we get– 2
= =
3  4  ∆VB π× 2lr 2 1
 V  × ρ20° C × g =  V  × ρt ° C × g
4  5  200. A thin copper wire of length L increases its
3 ρ0 4 ρ0 length by 1% when heated from temperature
× = × [ ∵ Po = Pt (1 + γ∆t)] T1 to T2. What is the percentage change in area
4 1 + γ × 20°C 5 1 + γ t °C
when a thin copper plate having dimensions 2L
3 × 5 1 + 8.33 ×10−4 × 20°C × L is heated from T1 to T2?
=
4 × 4 1 + 8.33 × 10−4 × t °C (a) 0.5% (b) 1%
∴ t = 101.36 ≃ 100°C (c) 2% (d) 4%
198. Two closed containers of same dimensions AMU-2008
made of different materials are completely Ans. (c) : Equation of linear expansion in a rod of
filled with ice. The ice in the first container length L is given as-
takes 20 minutes and that in the second ∆L = Lα∆T
container takes 10 minutes, respectively for
complete melting. The ratio of the thermal  ∆L 
∆L = Lα(T2 –T1) ∵ L = 1% = .01
conductivities of the materials of the two
containers is ______. 0.01 = α(T2 – T1)
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 We know that,
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 1 : 3 β
AP EAMCET-26.04.2017, Shift-II α= where, β = coefficient of area expansion
2
Ans. (a) : Let the container of side ‘a’ and room Change in area
temperature is T° .
∆A = βA × ∆T
t1 = 20 min, t2 = 10 min ∆A
Thermal conductivity of first and second container are = β∆T
K1 and K2 respectively. A
Therefore, heat is required to melt volume of ice ∆A
×100% = 2α∆T ⇒ 12×0.01×100% = 2%
Q KA∆T A
= 201. The densities of a certain material at 10ºC and
t l
1 40ºC are 2.5 gm/cm3 and 2.49 gm/cm3,
K∝ respectively. The average value of the
t coefficient of linear expansion of the material
K1 t 2 in this temperature range is
=
K 2 t1 (a) 4.0 × 10–7/ºC (b) 4.0 × 10–6/ºC
–5
K1 10 1 (c) 4.0 × 10 /ºC (d) 2.0 × 10–3/ºC
= =
K 2 20 2 AMU-2014
Hence, the ratio of the thermal conductivity of material Ans. (c) : Given, ρ1 = 2.5 gm/cm3, ρ2 = 2.49 gm/cm3
of the two container is 1 : 2. T1 = 10°C, T2 = 40°C
199. Two uniform brass rods A and B of length l We know that,
and 2l and radii 2r and r respectively are ρ1 = ρ2 [1 + γ(T2 – T1)]
heated to the same temperature. The ratio of ρ1
the increase in the volume of A to that of B is Or = 1 + γ ( 40 –10 )
ρ2
(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2
(c) 2:1 (d) 1:4 2.5
–1 = γ × 30
AMU-2009 2.490
511
 1.004 –1 2 2 +1
γ= =
30 K eq 2K
γ = 0.000133 K eq 2K
γ  0.000133  Or =
Hence, linear expansion (α) = =   2 3
3  3  4
Keq = K
α = 4.46 × 10–5 °C–1 3
α ≈ 4 × 10–5 °C–1 204. The two ends of a rod of length L and a
202. The coefficient of thermal expansion of volume uniform cross-sectional area A are kept at two
for a gas at constant pressure is equal to temperatures T1 and T2 (T1 > T2). The rate of
(a) 1/T (b) 1/P dQ
heat transfer ' ' through the rod in a steady
(c) T (d) P dt
AMU-2006 state is given by
Ans. (a) : We know that, dQ KL(T1 − T2 ) dQ K(T1 − T2 )
(a) = (b) =
PV = nRT dt A dt LA
1 nR dQ dQ KA(T1 − T2 )
Or = (c) = KLA(T1 − T2 ) (d) =
T PV dt dt L
Given, pressure is constant then, AIPMT-2009
P∆V = nR∆T Ans. (d) : Thermal conductivity :-
∆V nR The rate of heat transferred by conduction through a
= ….(i)
∆T P unit cross-section area of a material when a temperature
The coefficient of thermal expansion of volume difference exists perpendicular to the area is known as
∆V thermal conductivity.
αV = ….(ii) QL
V∆T (K) =
∆V nR A∆T
Putting the value of = , we get- L
∆T P Thermal Resistance 'R' ⇒ R =
nR 1 K.A
αV = = Where, Q = Amount of heat transferred
PV T
A = Area of material
203. Consider a compound slab consisting of two L = Distance between two planes
different materials having equal thickneses and ∆T = Temperature difference
thermal conductivities K and 2K, respectively.
The equivalent thermal conductivity of the slab
is
4
(a) 3K (b) K The temperature difference (∆T) = (T1 – T2)
3
[ ∵ T 1 > T 2]
2
(c) K (d) 2 K  dQ  ∆T
3 ∵ Rate of heat transfer  =
AIPMT-2003  dt  R
Ans. (b) : We know that, thermal resistance of a dQ ∆T
=
material is given as- dt L / KA
l dQ KA ( T1 – T2 )
R= =
KA dt L
Where, A = Area 205. Two rods A and B of different materials are
K = Thermal conductivity welded together as shown in figure. Their
l = Length of the material thermal conductivities are K1 and K2. The
Therefore, the equivalent thermal conductivity of the thermal conductivity of the composite rod will
slab, be
2l l l
= +
K eq A KA 2KA
2l l 1 1 
=  + 
K eq A A  K 2K 

512
 K1 + K 2 3 ( K1 + K 2 ) Difference in brass rod and steel rod,
(a) (b) = l1 (1 + α1 T) – l2 (1 + α2 T)
2 2
(c) K1 + K2 (d) 2(K1 + K2) = l1 + l1α1 T – (l2 + l2 α2 T)
NEET-2017 = (l1 – l2) + T (l1 α1 – l2 α2)
Ans. (a) : Given that, thermal conductivities are K1 and Thus, length will be independent of temperature only
K 2. when coefficient of temperature will be equal to zero
d i.e l1 α1 – l2α2 = 0
We know that, thermal resistance (R) = l1α1 = l2α2
KA
d 207. A copper rod of 88 cm and an aluminium rod
R1 = of unknown length have their increase in length
K1A
independent of increase in temperature. The
d length of aluminium rod is
R2 =
K 2A (αCu = 1.7 × 10–5 K–1 and αAl = 2.2 × 10–5 K–1)
Equivalent thermal resistance of K1and K2 are paralld, (a) 113.9 cm (b) 88 cm
are- (c) 68 cm (d) 6.8 cm
R1R 2 NEET National-2019
Req = Ans. (c) : Given,
R1 + R 2
Putting the value of these, we get- lCu = 88cm, αCu = 1.7 × 10–5 K–1
αAl = 2.2 × 10–5 K–1
d d
× Length independent of increase in temperature–
d K1A K 2 A
= αCulCu = αAllAl
K eq ( 2A ) d
+
d
1.7 × 10 –5
× 88 = 2.2 × 10–5 × lAl
K1A K 2 A
1.7 × 88 ×10 –5
d  1 
2 l Al =
× 2.2 × 10 –5
2 
d A  K1K 2  = 68cm
=
K eq ( 2A ) d  1 1  208. A metal bar of mass 1.5 kg is heated at
 +  atmospheric pressure. Its temperature is
A  K1 K 2 
increased from 30oC to 60 oC . Then the work
1 1/ K1K 2
= done in the process is (Volume expansion
2K eq K 2 + K1 coefficient of the metal = 5×10–5 °C–1,
K1K 2 Density of the metal = 9×103 kg m–3,
1 1 Atmospheric pressure = 1 × 105 Pa)
=
2K eq K 2 + K1 (a) 25 × 10–3 J (b) 2.5 × 10–3 J
–3
K + K2 (c) 12.5 × 10 J (d) 1.25 × 10–3 J
Or Keq = 1 AP EAMCET(Medical)-2016
2
206. The coefficients of linear expansions of brass Ans. (a) : Given,
and steel are α1 and α2 respectively. When we Mass of metal bar = 1.5 kg, T1 = 30°C,
take a brass rod of length l1 and a steel rod of T2 = 60°C, d = 9 × 103 kg/m3, P = 1 × 105 Pa,
length l2 at 0°C, then the difference in their γ = 5 × 10–5 °C–1
lengths (l2 – l1) will remain the same at all We know that, volume expansion coefficient of metal
temperatures, if is-
(a) α1l1 = α 2 l2 (b) α1l2 = α 2 l1 ∆V
γ=
(c) α12 l2 = α 22 l1 (d) α1l22 = α 2 l12 V∆T
MHT-CET.2020 m  m
NEET-2016 ∆V =V ×∆T × γ = × ∆T × γ ∵ V = 
ρ  ρ
AIPMT-1999
1.5
Ans. (a) : Given, coefficient of linear expansion of = × ( 60 – 30 ) × 5 × 10–5
brass and steel are α1 and α2 respectively we know that, 9 × 10 3

coefficient of linear expansion is – 1.5 × 30 × 5 ×10 –8

= = 25 ×10 –8
∆l 9
α=
l ∆T ∴ Work done (W) = P∆V
∵ Length of brass rod = l1 (1 + α1 T) = 105 × 25 × 10–8
Length of steel rod = l2 (1 + α2 T) = 25 × 10–3 J

513
209. Two metal rods of same length and same ∆LS
material conduct a given amount of heat in 8 αS =
seconds, when they are joined end to end. But L S × ∆T
when they are joined in parallel, the time taken ∆LS
12 × 10–6 =
to conduct the same amount of heat under L S × ∆T
same conditions is
(a) 4 s (b) 2 s ∆L S
12 × 10–6 = ….(i)
(c) 16 s (d) 1 s L × ∆T
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2016 And ∆L B
αB =
Ans. (b) : Let conductance of each rod be C. L B × ∆T
∆L B
18 × 10–6 = ….(ii)
Since rod are in series then, ( 5) × ∆T
L –
1 1 1 Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get-
= +
Ceq C C 12 × 10 –6 ( L – 5) ∆LS .∆T
=
1 2 18 × 10 –6 L.∆L B .∆T
=
Ceq C 2 L–5
= [∵∆LS = ∆LB]
C 3 L
Ceq = 2L = 3L – 15
2 L = 15
Heat Transferred(Q) Hence, length of brass (LB) = 15 – 5 = 10 cm.
∵ Time taken (t) =
Conductance (C) 211. Two metal rods of lengths L1 and L2 and co-
Q efficient of linear expansion α1 and α 2
8= ⇒ Q = 4C
C/2 respectively are welded together to make a
Similarly, rod are in parallel then- composite rod of length (L1 + L2) at 0ºC. Find
the effective co-efficient of linear expansion of
the composite rod.
L α 2 − L 2 α 22 L21α1 − L22 α 2
(a) 1 12 (b)
Ceq = C + C = 2C L1 + L22 L21 + L22
Heat Transferred Q L1α1 + L 2 α 2 L α + L2α2
∵ Time taken = = (c) (d) 1 1
Conductance Ceq L1 − L 2 L1 + L 2
4C AP EAMCET(Medical)-2015, 2012
t= [∵ Q = 4C, Ceq = 2C]
2C Ans. (d) : Given, length of two rod L1 and L2, and
4 coefficient of linear expansion α1 and α2, length of
t = = 2 sec composite rod = (L1+L2)
2
We know that,
210. The length of a steel rod is 5 cm more than that
Effective expansion =
of a brass rod. If this difference in their lengths
is to remain the same at all temperatures, then expansion of rod (1) + expansion of rod (2)
the length of brass rod will be (coefficient of (L1+L2) αeff∆T = L1α1∆T + L2α2∆T
linear expansion for steel and brass are (L1+L2) α eff ∆T = (L1α1 + L2α2)∆T
12 × 10 –6/°C and 18 × 10–6/°C L α + L2α 2
α eff = 1 1
(a) 10 cm (b) 20 cm L1 + L 2
(c) 15 cm (d) 5 cm
212. A horizontal uniform tube, open at both ends is
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2014
containing a liquid of certain length at some
Ans. (a) : Given, temperature. When the temperature is
Coefficient of linear expansion of steel changed, the length of the liquid in the tube is
(αS) = 12 × 10–6/°C not changed. If α is the coefficient of linear
Coefficient of linear expansion of brass expansion of the material of the tube and γ is
(αB) = 18 × 10–6/°C the coefficient of volume expansion of the
∆LS = ∆LB (Change in length is same) liquid, then
Let, length of steel rod (LS) = L (a) γ = 2α (b) γ = 3α
Then, length of Brass rod (LB) = L – 5 (c) γ = 4α (d) γ = α
We know that, linear expansion of steel rod AP EAMCET(Medical)-2013
514
Ans. (a) : Given, Ans. (a) : Given,
Coefficient of linear expansion = α Length of Rods = l1 and l2
Coefficient of volume expansion = γ Linear expansion coefficient of two rods material = α1
Length of liquid column = constant and α2
Now, Let, Volume at temperature t1 °C = V1 Change in temperature, ∆T = 1°C
Volume at temperature t 2 °C = V2 If the temperature of combined rod increase by 1°C,
Area at temperature (t2°C)– then increase in length Ist rod,
(A2) = A1(1 + 2αt2) ....(i) ∆l1 = l1 α1T
V1 = l × A1 Increase in length of second rod, ∆l2 = l2 α 2 T
V2 = l × A2 ∴ ∆ l1 = ∆ l2
Since, V2 = V1 (1+ γ t2) l1 α 2
lA2 = lA1 (1+ γ t2) =
l2 α1
A2 = A1 (1+ γ t2)
From equation (i), Add one both side, we get
A1 (1+2αt2) = A1 (1+ γ t2) adding 1 on both side,
2α = γ l1 + l2 α1 + α 2
=
∴ γ = 2α l1 α2
213. What fraction of the volume of a glass flask α2 l
= 1
must be filled with mercury so that the volume α1 + α 2 l1 + l2
of the empty space may be the same at all
temperatures? 215. A thin brass sheet at 100C and a thin steel sheet
at 200C have the same surface area. the
(αglass = 9 × 10–6 /°C, γHg = 18.9 × 10–5/°C)
common temperature at which both would
1 1 have the same area is:
(a) (b)
2 7 (Coefficients of linear expansion for brass and
1 1 steel are respectively 19 × 10-6/0C and 11 ×
(c) (d) 10-6/0C
4 5
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2007 (a) –3.750C (b) –2.750C
0
(c) 2.75 C (d) 3.750C
Ans. (b) : Given, αglass = 9 × 10–6/°C ⇒ γglass = 3 × 9 ×
10 –6 /°C, γHg =18.9 × 10–5/°C AP EAMCET(Medical)-2003
Now, as with change in temperature, the expansion of Ans. (a) : Given that,
mercury will be equal to that of the glass flask. i.e. Temperature of brass (T1) = 10°C
∆Vl =∆Vg Coefficient of linear expansion of brass (β 1) = 19 × 10–
6
hl γl = hgγg /°C
h l γ g 3 × 9 × 10 −6 Temperature of steel (T2) = 20°C
= = −5 Coefficient of linear expansion of steel (β 2) = 11×10–
h g γ l 18.9 × 10 6
/°C
hl 1 Area is same of brass and steel.
=
hg 7 Hence,
214. Two uniform metal rods of lengths l1 and l2 and β T – β2 T2
Common temperature, T = 1 1
linear coefficients of expansion α1 and α2 β1 − β2
respectively are connected to form a single red
of length ( l1 + l 2 ) . When the temperature of the 19 × 10 × 10 –11× 10 –6 × 20
–6
=
combined rod is raised by 1°C, the length of 19 × 10 –6 –11×10 –6
each rod increases by the same amount. Then 30 × 10 –6
=–
 α2  8 × 10 –6
  is : = – 3.75
 α1 + α 2 
216. Two marks on a glass rod 10 cm apart are
(a)
l1 (l + l )
(b) 1 2 found to increase their distance by 0.08 mm
( l1 + l2 ) l1 when the rod is heated from 00C to 1000C. A

(c)
l2 (l + l )
(d) 1 2
flask made of the same glass as that of rod
measures a volume of 1000 cc at 00C. The
( l1 + l2 ) l2
volume it measures at 100cc at 00C. The
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2005 volume it measures at 1000C in cc is:
515
 (a) 1002.4 (b) 1004.2 218. When the temperature of a body increase from
(c) 1006.4 (d) 1008.2 t to t + ∆t, its moment of inertia increases from
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2002 I to I + ∆I. The coefficient of linear expansion
Ans. (a) : Given that, ∆I
of the body is α. The ratio is:
Length of Rod (l) = 10 cm I
= 100 mm ∆t 2∆t
Change in length (∆l) = 0.08 mm (a) (b)
t t
Temperature range = 100°C (c) α ∆t (d) 2α ∆t
Change in length (∆l) = lα∆t AP EAMCET(Medical)-2001
∆l Ans. (d) : Given that,
α=
l ∆T Change in temperature = ∆t
0.08 Linear expansion = α
=
100 ×100 Coefficient of area expansion (β) = 2α
Linear expansion, α = 8×10–6/°C ∆A = Aβ∆t
Volume expansion, γ = 3α ∆A
β=
–6
= 3×8×10 /°C A ∆t
π ( ∆R )
–5 2
= 2.4×10 / °C
Change in Volume, ∆V = Vγ ∆T =
πR 2 ⋅ ∆t
= (1000) × (2.4×10–5) ×100
( ∆R )
2
= 2.4×10–5 × 105 ∆t⋅β =
∆V = 2.4 R2
∴ V′ = V + ∆V ( ∆R )
2

= 1000 + 2.4 ( ∆t ⋅ 2α ) = 2 …..(i)

R
= 1002.4
The moment of inertia , I = mR2
The volume it measure at 100°C in cc is 1002.4.
( ∆R )
2
217. A specific gravity bottle is filled to the brim ∆I m∆R 2
= = ….(ii)
with mercury of 400 g at 0°C. When heated to I mR 2 R2
90°C, the mass of mercury that overflows from From equation (i) and (ii), we get
the specific gravity bottle is: (Coefficient of ∆I
apparent expansion of mercury in glass is = 2α∆t
I
1
/°C) 219. Peltier effect is the converse of:
6500 (a) Thomson effect
(a) 5.46 g (b) 6.54 g (b) Fleming's left hand rule
(c) 10.92 g (d) 13.08 g (c) Lenz's law
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2001 (d) Seebeck effect
Ans. (a) : Given that, AP EAMCET(Medical)-2001
Mass of mercury (M) = 400 gm Ans. (d) : Peltier effect is the converse of Seebeck
Temperature (T) = 90°C effect.
Coefficient of apparent expansion of mercury Peltier Effect:- It states that, If an emf is applied in a
1 thermo couple formed of two different metals, then one
(αapp) = / C junction is heated and other is cold.
6500
As we know that, mass of mercury overflows is given 220. The length of a metal rod at 0ºC is 0.5m. When
as it is heated, its length increases by 2.7mm. The
final temperature of the rod is: (Coefficient of
Mγ app .T
M= linear expansion of the metal = 90×10-6/ºC)
γ app T + 1 (a) 20ºC (b) 30ºC
1 (c) 40ºC (d) 60ºC
400 × × 90 AP EAMCET(Medical)-2000
= 6500
1 Ans. (d) : Given that,
× 90 + 1 Initial length of Rod (Lo) = 0.5 m
6500
= 500 mm
400 × 90 / 6500 Final length of Rod (L ) = 500+2.7
= f
6590 / 6500 = 502.7 mm
M = 5.46 g ∆L = Lf – Lo = 502.7 – 500 = 2.7 mm

516
Initial temperature (T1) = 0°C γ = 3 ×10 –4 /  C
Co-efficient of linear expansion (α) = 90 × 10–6 /°C γ
∆L = L0 α∆T Coefficient of linear expansion, α =
3
∆L
Temperature (∆T) = T2 – T1 = 3 × 10 –4
Lo α =
3
2.7
T2 – 0°C = = 10 –4 /  C
500 × 90 ×10 –6
T2 = 60 223. A 2 m long Al pipe at 27ºC is heated until it is
0.0024 m, at 77ºC. The coefficient of linear
The final temperature of rod is 60°C.
expansion of Al is
221. The two metal rods A and B are having their (a) 2.4 × 10–5/ºC (b) 1.4 × 10–5/ºC
initial lengths in the ratio 2:3 and coefficient of –3
(c) 2.4 × 10 /ºC (d) 1.4 × 10–3/ºC
linear expansion in the ratio 3:4. When they
are heated through same temperature EAMCET-1992
difference, the ratio of linear expansions is: Ans. (a) : Given that,
(a) 1:2 (b) 2:3 Length of pipe (l) = 2m.
(c) 3:4 (d) 4:3 Change in length (∆l) = 0.0024 m
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2000 Temperature Variation (∆T) = (77 – 27)°C
Ans. (a) : Given that, = 50°C
2 We know that,
Ratio of initial length =
3 ∆l = lα∆T
Ratio of linear expansion = 3/4 0.0024 = 2×α × (77–27)
As we know that, 0.0024 = 2α × 50
∆l1 l1α1 2.4×10–3 = 100α
=
∆l2 l2 α 2 2.4 × 10 –3
α=
2 3 100
= .
3 4 = 2.4×10–5/°C
∆l1 1 224. A glass vessel just holds 50 g of a liquid at 0ºC.
=
∆l2 2 If the coefficient of linear expansion of glass is
The ratio of linear expansion is 1:2. 8 × 10–4/ºC. The mass of the liquid, it holds at
50ºC is
222. Density of a substance at 0oC is 10g/cc and at
o (a) 46 g (b) 48 g
100 C its density is 9.7 g/cc. The coefficient of
linear expansion of the substance is : (c) 56 g (d) 42 g
(a) 10 –4
(b) 3 × 10 –4 EAMCET-1996
–3 –3
(c) 19.7 × 10 (d) 10 Ans. (c) : Given that,
AP EAMCET(Medical)-1998 Mass of vessel (M1) = 50 g
Ans. (a) : Given that, Coefficient of Linear Expansion (α) = 8×10–4/°C
Density of a substance at 0°C = 10 g/cc Change in temperature, (∆T) = (50 – 0)°C
Density of substance at 100°C = 9.7g/cc = 50°C
As we know that, We know that,
∆ρ Coefficient of volume expansion,
Coefficient of volume expansion, γ =
ρ ⋅ ∆T ∆V
γ=
Temperature difference, ∆T = 100 – 0 V1∆T
= 100°C V – V2
ρ0 – ρ100 γ= 1
γ= V 1 ( ∆T )
ρ0 ⋅ ( T2 – T1 )
V2 = V1 (1 + γ∆T)
10 – 9.7 M 2 M1
= = (1 + 3α ⋅ ∆T ) (M2 = mass of liquid)
10 (100 – 0 ) ρ ρ
0.3 M2 = 50 [1+ (3×8×10–4×50)]
= 3
10 = 56.0 g

517
225. Coefficient of real expansion of mercury is 0.18 227. A glass flask of volume 200 cm3 is completely
× 10–3/ºC. If the density of mercury at 0ºC is filled with mercury at 20ºC. The amount of
13.6 g/cc, its density at 473 K will be mercury that spilt over when the flask is heated
(a) 13.11 g cc–1 (b) 13.65 g cc–1 to 80ºC is (coefficient of volume expansion for
(c) 13.51 g cc –1
(d) 13.22 g cc–1 glass 27 × 10–8/ºC, mercury 0.18 × 10–8/ºC)
EAMCET-1996 (a) zero (b) 0.32 cm3
3
Ans. (a) : Given that, (c) 1.84 cm (d) 2.40 cm3
Coefficient of real expansion of mercury (γ) EAMCET-1998
= 0.18×10–3/°C Ans. (a): Given that,
Density of mercury (d0) = 13.6 g/cc ∆T = 80oC–20oC = 60oC
Temperature difference (∆T)= 200°C Volume of glass flask = 200 cm3
Coefficient of volume expansion for mercury =
Coefficient of volume expansion, ∆V = V(γ∆T + 1)
0.18×10–8/oC
d0 Coefficient of volume expansion for glass
d=
( γ∆T )
1 + = 27 × 10–8/°C
13.6 We know,
d=
(
1 + 0.18 × 10 –3 × 200 ) Increase in volume of glass flask,
∆V = Vγ∆T
d = 13.1274 g / cc = 200×27×10–8×60
226. The coefficient of real expansion of mercury is = 12000×27×10–8
18 × 10–5/ºC. The thermometer bulb has a = 324×10–5
volume of 10–6 m3 and the cross-section of the = 3.24 × 10–3 cm3 ……..(i)
stem is 0.002 cm2. Assuming that the bulb is Increase in volume of the mercury,
filled with mercury at 0ºC, the length of the ∆V = Vγ∆T
mercury column at 100ºC will be
∆V = 200×0.18×10–8×60
(a) 9 cm (b) 18 cm
∆V =12000×10–8×0.18
(c) 9 mm (d) 18 mm
= 2.16×10–5 cm3 ……(ii)
EAMCET-1997
From equation (i) and equation (ii), it is clear that
Ans. (a): increase in volume of glass flask is more than the
increase in volume of mercury. So, mercury will not
split out.
228. A steel bridge in a town is 200 m long. Where
minimum temperature in winter is 10ºC and
maximum in summer is 40ºC. The change in
length of the bridge from winter to summer is
[for steel α = 11 × 10–6/ºC]
Given that, (a) 3.3 cm (b) 6.6 cm
Coefficient of real expansion of mercury γ = 18×10–5 (c) 6.6 m (d) 8.3 m
/ oC EAMCET-1998
V0 = 10–6 m3 Ans. (b): Given that, l = 200 m, α = 11×10–6/oC
A = 0.002 cm2 ∆T = 40oC–10oC = 30oC
= 2 × 10–3 cm2 = 2 × 10–7m2 We know that,
We know that, Change in length of the bridge, ∆l = lα∆T
∆V = V0γ∆T ∆l = 200×11×10–6×30
A × ∆H = V0γ∆T = 2×11×3×10–3
10−6 × 18 × 10−5 ×100 = 6.6 cm
H=
2 × 10−7 229. If on heating liquid through 80ºC, the mass
th
18 × 10−9  1 
H= expelled is   of mass still remaining, the
2 × 10−7  100 
= 9×10–2 m coefficient of apparent expansion of liquid is
H = 9 cm (a) 126.5 × 10–4/ºC (b) 0.8 × 10–4/ºC
Hence, the length of the mercury column at 100oC is 9 –6
(c) 1.25 × 10 /ºC (d) 1.25 × 10–4/ºC
cm. EAMCET-1999
518
Ans. (d): Given that, 2 r 2 π2 n 2
T = 80oC ∆T = ×
5 s
1
Mass expelled = mass remaining 2r 2 π2 n 2
100 ∆T =
5s
Mass expelled
γ apparent = 232. The temperature of a thin uniform circular
Mass remained × ∆T disc, of 1 m diameter is increased by 10ºC. The
1 percentage increase in moment of inertia of the
= disc about an axis passing through its centre
100 × 80
= 1.25 ×10–4 /oC and perpendicular to the circular face (linear
coefficient of expansion = 11 × 10–6/ºC)
230. Thomson coefficient of a conductor is 10 µ VK.
(a) 0.0055 (b) 0.011
The two ends of it are kept at 50ºC and 60ºC
respectively. Amount of heat absorbed by the (c) 0.022 (d) 0.044
conductor when a charge of 10 C flows through EAMCET-2006
it, is Ans. (c): Given that,
(a) 1000 J (b) 100 J Diameter (D) = 1m, ∆T = 10oC, α = 11×10–6/oC
(c) 100 mJ (d) 1 mJ We know that,
EAMCET-2001
MR 2
Ans. (d): Given that, Moment of inertia of a circular disc, (I) =
2
Thomson coefficient of a conductor (σ) = 10 µ VK
We know that,
Temperature difference (∆T) = 60o–50o = 10oC, and
∆A 2.∆D
charge (q) = 10C β= = = 2α
We know, A × ∆T D × ∆T
Heat absorbed (Q) = σ.q∆T 2.∆r
2α =
Q = 10×10–6×10×10 r × ∆T
Q = 1×10–3 J ∆I ∆r
× 100 = 2 × × 100
Q = 1 mJ I r
231. A metal sphere of radius r and specific heat s is I% = 2×α×∆T×100
rotated about an axis passing through its centre I% = 2×11×10–6×100×10
at a speed of a rotation/s. It is suddenly stopped I% = 0.022
and 50% of its energy is used in increasing its
temperature. Then, the rise in temperature of 233. A clock which keeps correct time at 20ºC, is
the sphere is subjected to 40ºC. If coefficient of linear
expansion of the pendulum is 12 × 10–6/ºC. How
2π n r
2 2 2
1π n
2 2
much will it gain or lose time?
(a) (b)
5s 10r 2 s (a) 10.3 s/day (b) 20.6 s/day
5 ( πrn ) (c) 5 s/day (d) 20 min/day
2
7 2 2
(c) πr n s (d) EAMCET-2007
8 14s
Ans. (a): Given that,
EAMCET-2002
α = 12×10–6/oC
Ans. (a): Given that,
Radius of metal sphere = r ∆T = 40o – 20oC
Specific heat = s = 20o C
We know that, We know that,
2 1
Moment of inertia of sphere, ( I ) = mr 2 Loss or gain time per days (∆t) = α∆T
5 2
ω = Number of rotation per second i.e. 2πn rad/sec. 1 −6
∆t = ×12 × 10 × 20 × 24 × 60 × 60
Rotational kinetic energy 2
1 12  = 10.3 s/day
K = Iω2 =  mr 2  ( 2πn )
2

25 234. Metal pipes used to carry water sometimes

2 
burst in the winter. This is because :
4 (a) water expands when it freezes
K = mr 2 π2 n 2
5 (b) metal contracts more than water
Since, 50 % of kinetic energy = Heat energy used (c) outside of the pipe contracts more than inside
1 4 2 2 2 (d) metal expands more than water
× mr π n = ms∆T
2 5 NDA (II) 2010

519
Ans. (a): Metal pipe used to carry water sometimes Ans. (a): The thermal capacity of the body is heat
burst in the winter because water expands when it necessary to raise the temperature of the body by one
freeze. This expansion allows water molecules to degree.
maximize the number of hydrogen bonds which exist Thermal capacity = Mass of body × Specific heat
between them. Thus, thermal capacity of a body depends on the mass
235. The thermal conductivity of copper is 4 times of the body only.
that of brass. Two rod of copper and brass 238. The coefficient of areal expansion of a material
having same length and cross-section are joined
is 1.6 × 10-5 K-1. Which one of the following
end to end. The free end of copper is at 0ºC and
gives the value of coefficient of volume
the free of copper is at 0ºC and the free end of
brass is at 100ºC. The temperature of the expansion of this material?
junction is (a) 0.8 × 10-5 K-1 (b) 2.4 × 10-5 K-1
-5 -1
(a) 20ºC (b) 40ºC (c) 3.2 × 10 K (d) 4.8 × 10-5 K-1
(c) 60ºC (d) 10ºC NDA (II) 2018
NDA (I) 2012 Ans. (b): Given that,
Ans. (a): Given that, Coefficient of areal expansion of a material,
Thermal conductivity of Cu = 4K β = 1.6×10–5K–1
Thermal conductivity of Brass = K Hence,
Length of copper and brass rod be L and their cross- 3
section area be A. Coefficient of volume expansion,γ = × β
2
Let the temperature at junction be T.
We know that, {∵ γ = 3β / 2, β = 2α & γ = 3α}
KA (100–T) / L = 4KA (T–0)/L 3
= × 1.6 ×10−5 K −1
100– T = 4T 2
5T = 100 = 2.4×10–5 K–1
T = 20oC 239. A body cools from 600C to 500C in 10 min. If
236. Which one of the following statements with the room temperature is 250C and assuming
regard to expansion of materials due to heating Newton law of cooling to hold good, the
is not correct? temperature of the body at the end of the next
(a) As ice melts, it expands uniformly up to 4ºC 10 min will be–
(b) Mercury thermometer works using the (a) 45οC (b) 42.85οC
principal of expansion due to heating.
(c) 40οC (d) 38.5οC
(c) Small gap is kept between two rails to allow
for expansion due to heating. BCECE-2007
(d) The length of metallic wire increases when Ans. (b) : As the body cools down, its rate of cooling
its temperature is increased slows down.
NDA (I) 2016 From Newton's law of cooling when a hot body is
Ans. (a): When ice melts it contracts up to 4°C, after cooled in air, the rate of loss of heat by the body is
that it starts to expand because ice occupies more proportional to the temperature difference between the
volume than water having same mass. At 4oC, the body and its surroundings.
density of the water increases first and then decreases. It Given, θ1 = 600 C, θ2 = 500 C, θ = 250 C.
does not increase uniformly. ∴ Rate of loss of heat = K
• Mercury thermometer works using the principal of (Mean temp. – Atmospheric temp.)
expansion due to hearting because in case of mercury where K is coefficient of thermal conductivity.
thermometer, the heat from the body of man is given to
the mercury which expands in thermometer and shows θ1 − θ2 θ +θ 
= K 1 2 − θ
the respective temperature reading. t  2 
• Small gap is kept between two rails to allow for 60 − 50  60 + 50 
expansion due to heating because gap left between them = K − 25 
is filled by the expanded rail in the summer days due to 10  2 
temperature increment in the material of rail. 1
⇒ K=
237. Thermal capacity of a body depends on the 30
(a) mass of the body only Also putting the value of K, we have
(b) mass and shape of the body only 50 − θ3 1  50 + θ3 
(c) density of the body =  − 25 
10 30  2 
(d) mass, shape and temperature of the body
NDA (I) 2018 ⇒ θ3 = 42.850 C

520
240. 100 L of gasoline maintained at 10°C is filled 242. Two identical glass spheres filled with air are
into a steel tank, kept in a room at 10°C. When connected by a horizontal glass tube the glass
the temperature of the room is increased to tube contains a pellet of mercury at its mid-
30°C, how much gasoline will overflow? Given, point. Air in one sphere is at 0oC and the other
–6 –1
αsteel = 12 × 10 °C and coefficient of volume is at 20oC. If both the vessels are heated
expansion for gasoline = 95 × 10–5 °C–1 through 10oC, then neglecting the expansions of
(a) 1.36 L (b) 1.82 L the bulbs and the tube
(c) 1.60 L (d) 7.20 L (a) the mercury pellet gets displaced towards the
AP EAMCET-03.09.2021, Shift-I sphere at lower temperature.
Ans. (b) : Given, Volume of gasoline (Vg)= 100 L, αg = (b) the mercury pellet gets displaced towards the
95 × 10–5°C–1, ∆T= 30 – 10=200C, αs = 12 × 10–6°C–1 sphere at higher temperature.
∵ Volume of gasoline= Volume of steel tank (c) the mercury pellet does not get displaced at
all.
Change in volume of gasoline (∆Vg) = ϒg × V × ∆T (d) the temperature rise cause the pellet to
∆Vg= 95 × 10-5 × 100 × 20 = 1.9 expand without any displacement.
Change in volume of steel tank (∆Vs) = ϒs × V × ∆T JIPMER-2017
∆Vs = 12 × 10-6 × 100 × 20 = 0.024 Ans. (c) : Let n1 and n2 be the number of moles in the
Volume of gasoline that overflows is- bulbs of 0°C and 20°C respectively.
∆Vg − ∆Vs = (1.9 – 0.024) = 1.876 Ltr. PV = nRT
241. An air bubble of volume 'V1' is at the bottom of PV = 273 n1 R .....(i)
a lake of depth 'd', where the temperature is PV = 293 n2 R .....(ii)
T1. The bubble rises to the surface, which is at Dividing equation (i) and (ii), we get–
a temperature of T2. Assuming that the
bubble's air is at the same temperature as that n1 293
= .....(iii)
of surrounding water, the volume of the bubble n 2 273
at the surface is (Let P0 is the atmospheric When the vessels are heated. Let the volume of low
pressure and P1 is the pressure at T1) temperature be V1 and that of the other V2 of the same
nRT2 T2  P0 + ρgd  pressure.
(a) (b)   V1 V1P = 283 n1R and V2P = 303 n2R
P1 T1  P0 
{∵T1 = 10 °C & T2 =30°C}
nRT1 T  ρgd 
(c) (d) 1  V
 1 V 283n
P1 T2  P0 
1
= 1
V2 303n 2
TS EAMCET 08.05.2019, Shift-I
Putting the value of n1/n2, we get–
Ans. (b) :
V1 283 293
= × ≈1
V2 303 273
So the mercury pellet remains at the same position.
243. Resistance of the wire is measured as 2Ω and
3Ω at 10oC and 30oC respectively. Temperature
co–efficient of resistance of the material of the
wire is:
According to an ideal gas equation – (a) 0.033oC–1 (b) –0.033oC–1
o –1
PV = nRT (c) 0.011 C (d) 0.055°C–1
PV JEE Main-28.06.2022, Shift-II
= constant Ans. (a) : Given that,
T
Po is the atmospheric pressure at the top R1 = 2Ω T1 = 10o C
So, P1 = Po + ρdg R2 = 3Ω T2 = 30o C
∵ P2 = Po We know that, R = Ro (1 + α ∆T)
R1 1 + α ∆T1
P1V1 P2 V2 =
= R 2 1 + α ∆T2
T1 T2
Putting these value, we get–
( Po + ρdg ) V1 Po V2 2 1 + α × 10
= =
T1 T2 3 1 + α × 30
T  P + ρdg  2 1 + 10α
V2 = 2  o  V1 =
T1  Po  3 1 + 30α
521
 2 (1+ 30 α) = 3 (1+10 α) ρt – ρo  Vo 
2 + 60α = 3 + 30α = –1
ρo V
 t 
30 α = 1
∆ρ  1 
1 = –1 = –0.0145
α= = 0.033o C−1 ρo  1.01470 
30
244. The resistance of a copper conductor at 500C Where negative sign shows that density decreases with
and 750C are respectively 2.4Ω and 2.6Ω. Find rise in temperature.
the temperature coefficient of resistance of ∆ρ
copper. = 0.0145 = 1.45 × 10 –2
ρo
(a) 4 × 10–3 0C–1 (b) 3.8 × 10–3 0C–1
–3 0 –1
(c) 4.8 × 10 C (d) 5 × 10–3 0C–1 ∆ρ
= 1.5 ×10 –2
AP EAMCET-24.09.2020, Shift-II ρo
Ans. (a) : Given that, 246. The value of coefficient of volume expansion of
Resistance of a copper conductor at 50o C = 2.4Ω glycerin is 5 × 10–4 K–1. The fractional change
Resistance of a copper conductor at 75o C = 2.6 Ω in the density of glycerin for a rise of 40°C in
We know that, its temperature is
RT = Ro(1+ αT) (a) 0.015 (b) 0.020
2.4 = Ro ( 1+ α ×50) ....(i) (c) 0.025 (d) 0.010
2.6 = Ro (1+ α ⋅75) ....(ii) AIPMT-2015
From equation (i) and (ii), we get– Ans. (b) : Given that,
2.4 R o (1 + α × 50 ) γ = 5 × 10–4 K–1
=
2.6 R o (1 + α × 75 ) ∆T = 40°C
We know that,
1 + 50α
0.92 = Volume expansion (∆V) = Vγ∆T
1 + 75 α
∆V
0.92 + 69 α = 1+ 50 α or = γ∆T
V
19 α = 0.08
= 5 × 10–4 × 40
α = 0.00421
∆V
α = 4.21 × 10–3 o C–1 ≈ 4 × 10–3 o C–1 = 0.02
V
245. The coefficient of volume expansion of glycerin
is 49 × 10–5 K–1. Calculate the fractional change 247. The coefficients of apparent expansion of a
in its density for a 30ºC rise in its temperature. liquid when determined using two different
(a) 4.9 × 10–2 (b) 3.2 × 10–2 vessels A and B are γ1 and γ2 respectively. If the
–2 coefficient of linear expansion of the vessel A is
(c) 1.5 × 10 (d) 0.8 × 10–2
α, the coefficient of linear expansion of the
AMU-2019
vessel B is
Ans. (c) : Let Vo be the initial volume of glycerin i.e.
α γ1 γ 2 γ −γ
0°C if Vt be its volume at 30°C (a) (b) 1 2
Then, Vt = Vo (1 + γ ∆T) γ1 + γ 2 2α
Vt = Vo (1 + 49 × 10–5 × 30°) γ −γ +α γ −γ
(c) 1 2 (d) 1 2 + α
Vt = Vo (1 + 0.01470) = 1.01470Vo 3 3
Vo 1 EAMCET-2002
=
Vt 1.01470 Ans. (d) : For vessel A,
Let, ρo and ρt be the initial and final densities of (γA)real = γ1 + (aV)A
glycerin. = γ1 + 3α ...(i)
m m For vessel B,
Then initial density (ρo) = , final density (ρt) =
Vo Vt (γB)real = γ2 +3αB …(ii)
Where, m = mass of glycerin From equation (i) and (ii), we get–
 1 1  γ2 +3αB = γ1 + 3α
m –  3α B = γ1 – γ2 + 3α
∆ρ V Vo 
Therefore, =  t γ − γ2
ρo m αB = 1 +α
V 3
o

522
 Ans. (d) : Amount of thermal energy,
(C) Specific Heat Capacity, Latent H = i 2 Rt
Heat and Calorimetry H ∝ i2
2 2
248. Heat energy of 184 kJ is given to ice of mass H1  i1   4  1
= =  =
600 g at –12º C. Specific heat of ice is 2222.3 J H 2  i 2   16  16
kg–1º C–1 and latent heat of ice in 336 kJ/kg–1
H2 = 16H1 = 16 H
(A) Final temperature of system will be 0ºC.
250. Two identical system, with heat capacity at
(B) Final temperature of the system will be greater
constant volume that varies as C v = bT 3
than 0ºC.
(C) The final system will have a mixture of ice and (where b is a constant) are thermally isolated.
water in the ratio of 5:1 Initially, one system is at a temperature 100 K
and the other is at 200 K. The system are then
(D) The final system will have a mixture of ice and
brought to thermal contact and the combined
water in the ratio of 1:5.
system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium.
(E) The final system will have water only. The final temperature (in K) of the combined
Choose the correct answer from the options system will be
given below: (a) 171 (b) 141
(a) A and D only (b) B and D only (c) 150 (d) 180
(c) A and E only (d) A and C only (e) 125
JEE Main-29.01.2023, Shift-II Kerala CEE -2018
Ans. (a) : Given, Heat energy = 184 kJ Ans. (a) : Given,
600 Variation of heat capacity at constant volume Cv = bT3
Mass of ice = 600 g = kg
1000 First temperature = 100 K
Specific heat of ice = 2222.3 Jkg–1C–1 Other or second temperature = 200 K
Latent heat of ice = 336 kJ/kg As we know that,
Heat required to convert ice or –12°C to ice of 0°C, Energy given by a system = Energy taken by another
system
Q = ms∆T
dQ1 = dQ2
600 × 2222.3 × 12
Q= T T
1000 ∫
100
mc v dT = −∫
200
mc v dT
16000.56 T T
= = 16 kJ
∫ bT dT = −∫
3
1000 bT 3dT
100 200
Heat given = 184 kJ
Remaining heat = 184 – 16 = 168 kJ
(T ) = −(T )
4 T
100
4 T
200

168 168 T4 – 1004 = –(T4 – 2004)

Amount of ice melt = = kg
Latent heat 336 2T4 = 17 × 108 = 170.74 ≃ 171 K
= 0.5kg = 500g 251. Initially a beaker has 100g of water at
temperature 90ºC later another 600g of water
Amount of ice = 600 – 500 = 100 g at temperature 20º C was poured into the
Amount of water 500 5 beaker. The temperature T of the water after
= =
Amount of ice 100 1 mixing is
(a) 20º C (b) 30º C
mice 1
= (c) 45º C (d) 55º C
m water 5 (e) 90º C
249. The H amount of thermal energy is developed Kerala CEE - 2017
by a resistor in 10 s when a current of 4A is Ans. (b) : Let final temperature = T
passed through it. If the current is increased to Here heat lost by 100 g at 90°C = heat gained by 600g
16A, the thermal energy developed by the at 20°C
resistor in 10 s will be: Now, by the formula,
H 100 × (90 – T) = 600 × (T – 20)
(a) (b) H
4 90 – T = 6 T – 120
(c) 4H (d) 16H T = 30°C
JEE Main-31.01.2023, Shift-II Hence, the final temperature of the mixture is 30°C.

523
252. A molecule of a gas has six degrees of freedom. Ans. (c) : Given,
Then, the molar specific heat of the gas at m = 2 kg, s = 400 J/kg–°C
constant volume is
∆T = 500°C, L = 3.5 × 105 J/kg
R
(a) (b) R Let m kg of ice can melt.
2
using law of calorimetry,
3R
(c) (d) 2 R Heat lost by copper = Heat gained by ice
2
ms ∆T = m'L
(e) 3 R
Kerala CEE- 2014 2 × 400 × 500 = m' × 3.5 × 105
Ans. (e) : Given number of degree of freedom f = 6 2 × 400 × 500
m' =
(molar) 3.5 × 105
We know that, 8
Specific heat of a gas at constant volume, m ' = kg
7
f
CV = × R 255. The temperature of equal masses of three
2 different liquids A,B and C are 12ºC, 19ºC and
Where, R = Universal Gas constant 28ºC respectively. The temperature when A
f = degree of freedom and B are mixed is 16ºC and when B and C are
6 mixed is 23ºC. The temperature when A and C
Cv = × R
2 are mixed is:
Cv = 3R (a) 18.2ºC (b) 22ºC
253. A lead bullet strikes against a steel plate with a (c) 20.2ºC (d) 24.2ºC
velocity 200 ms–1. If the impact is perfectly (e) 20.8ºC
inelastic and the heat produced is equally
Kerala CEE 2005
shared between the bullet and the target, then
the rise in temperature of the bullet is (specific Ans. (c) : Let m1 = m2 = m3 = m
heat capacity of lead = 125 J kg–1 k–1) Let s1, s2, s3 be the respective specific heats of the three
(a) 80ºC (b) 60ºC liquid A, B and C respectively.
(c) 160ºC (d) 40ºC When A and B are mixed, temperature of mixture =
(e) 120ºC 16°C
Kerala CEE - 2011 As heat gained by A = heat lost by B
Ans. (a) : Given, ∴ ms1 (16 – 12) = ms2 (19 – 16)
Velocity of bullet, (v) = 200 m/s 4s1 = 3s2
Specific heat capacity of lead (s) = 125 J/kg–k
4s
As we know that, s2 = 1 ….(i)
Q = ms ∆T 3
According to question, When B and C are mixed, temperature of mixture =
Half of kinetic energy is getting converted into heat to 23°C
increase temperature of lead bullet, As heat gained by B = heat lost by C
1 1 ∴ ms2 (23 – 19) = ms3 (28 – 23)
× mv 2 = ms ∆T
2 2 4s2 = 5s3 …(ii)
(200)
2 From equation (i) and (ii), we get
= 125×∆T 3 15
4 s1 = s 2 = s3 …(iii)
4 16
∆T = 80°C
When A and C are mixed, let the temperature of
254. A 2 kg copper block is heated to 500ºC and
mixture be T°C,
then it is placed on a large block of ice at 0ºC.
If the specific heat capacity of copper is 400 J Heat gained by A = heat lost by C
kg–1 ºC–1 and latent heat of fusion of water is ∴ ms1 (T – 12) = ms3 (28 – T)
3.5 × 105 J kg–1, the amount of ice that can melt using eqn (iii), we get
is : 15
(a) 7/8 kg (b) 7/5 kg s 3 (T −12) = s3 (28 − T )
16
(c) 8/7 kg (d) 5/7 kg
(e) 7/3 kg 15T – 180 = 448 – 16T
Manipal UGET-2017 628
T= = 20.2°C
Kerala CEE 2006 31

524
256. If a gas has 'n' degrees of freedom, the ratio of As we know that,
the specific heats γ of the gas is ∴ c P − cV = R (Here, R = universal gas constant)
1+ n n m (620 – 420) = R
(a) (b) 1 +
2 2 R
1 2 m= …(i)
(c) 1 + (d) 1 + 200
n n Where, µ = number of molar of gas
UPSEE - 2013 PV = RT (∴ for 1 mole, µ = 1)
Ans. (d) : We know that, the relation between the ratio m
of CP and CV with a degree of freedom f is given by- Pm = ρRT (∴ density, ρ = )
V
C 2
γ = P = 1+ R
CV f 105 × = ρR (273)
200
According to question given degree of freedom = n {STP, P = 1×105 atm, T = 273 K}
C 2
So, γ = P = 1+ ρ = 1.85kgm−3
CV n
259. Electrical energy costs 25 paisa per kilowatt
257. If 60% of the kinetic energy of water falling hour. Assuming that no energy is wasted, the
from 210 m high water fall is converted into cost of heating 4.6 kg of water from 25oC to the
heat. The raise in temperature of water at the boiling point is
bottom of the falls is nearly (specific heat of (a) 25 paisa (b) 50 paisa
water = 4.2 × 103 Jkg–1K–1) (c) 20 paisa (d) 10 paisa
(a) 0.6 oC (b) 0.3 oC
AP EAMCET (22.04.2019) Shift-II
(c) 1.2 K (d) 2.4 K
Ans. (d) : Given,
AP EAMCET (18.09.2020) Shift-I
Electric energy cost(C) = 25 paisa/ KWh
Ans. (b) : Given, h = 210 m
Mass of water, m = 4.6 kg
Specific heat of waters = 4.2 × 103 J kg–1 K–1
Initial temperature of water Ti = 25°C
As we know that,
Final temperature of water Tf = 100°C (Boiling point of
When water falls on the surface of earth, then its
water) as heat used by water to boil,
potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Q = ms (Tf – Ti)
∴ Kinetic energy = Potential energy
So, Q = 4.6 × 4.2 × 103 × (100 – 25)
K.E = mgh …(i)
According to question, Q = 1449 × 103 J (∴ s = 4.2 × 103 J Kg–1 °C–1)
60 ∴Number of units of electric energy,
mc∆T = × mgh Q 1449 ×103
100 N= = (∴ 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J)
0.6gh 0.6×10× 210 1kWh 3.6×106
∆T = =
s 4.2×103 N = 0.40 unit
∆T= 0.3°C Cost of electric energy in Rs = C × N
258. The specific heat capacities of an ideal gas at = 25 × 0.40
the constant pressure and at constant volume = 10 Paisa
are 620 Jkg–1k–1 and 420 Jkg–1K–1 Respectively. Therefore, the cost of heating is 10 Paisa.
The density of the gas at STP is approximately, 260. The specific heat capacities of three liquids A,
(a) 2.88 kgm–3 (b) 4.86 kgm–3 B and C are in the ratio, 1 : 2 : 3 and the
–3
(c) 3.88 kgm (d) 1.86 kgm–3 masses of the liquids are in the ratio 1 : 1 : 1.
AP EAMCET (23.04.2019) Shift-I The temperatures of the liquids A, B and C are
Ans. (d) : Given, 15ºC, 30ºC and 45ºC, respectively. Then
Specific heat capacity of a gas at constant pressure, cp = matched the resultant temperature of the
620 Jkg–1K–1 mixture given in List-II with the corresponding
Specific heat capacity of gas at constant volume, cV = mixture given in List-I.
420 Jkg–1K–1 List-I List-II
∴ Molar specific heat of gas at constant pressure and A. Mixture of liquids A and B i. 25oC
constant volume are given by B. Mixture of liquids B and C ii. 35oC
∴ c p = mc p = m (620) C. Mixture of liquids C and A iii. 37.5oC
c v = mc P = m (420) D. Mixture of liquids A,B and C iv. 39oC

525
 Codes 4
A B C D But, m = πr 3 .ρ {∵ρ density}
3
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 1
(b) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)  3m  3
∴ r =  
(c) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)  4πρ 
(d) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
2
AP EAMCET (22.04.2019) Shift-II  3m  3
2 
Ans. (c) : Let the resultant temperature of mixture A ∴ A = 4πr = 4π  4πρ 
 …(iv)
and B is T1
then, from principle of colorimetry, From eqn (iii) and (iv), we get,
heat lost by B = heat gained by A  2 
∆T eσT 4   3m  3 
(∴ temperature B = 30°C and temp. A = 15°C) =  4π   
∆t mc   4πρ  
So, B loses heat and A gains heat  
MBCB (30 – T1) = MACA (T1 – 15) 1   2 

So, m × 2×(30 – T1) = m × 1×(T1 – 15) ∆T  1  3

  eσT 4   3m  3 
∴ = k   where, k =   4π   
2(30 – T1) = 1 (T1 – 15) ∆t  m   mc   4πρ  
 
T1 = 25°C
Here,  ∆T 
  1 1
m1 = m2 = m3 = 1  ∆t Q  m P  3  8m Q  3 1
 =  
∴ =   m  = (8) = 2
3
and, c1 : c 2 : c 3 = 1 : 2 : 3  ∆T  
 m Q
  Q 

For (B)  ∆t P
Let resultant temperature of mixture B and C is T2
Then, Heat lost by C = Heat gained by B 262. A liquid of mass 250 g is kept warm in a vessel
3(45 – T2) = 2 (T2 – 30) using an electric heater. The liquid is
T2 = 39°C maintained at 57°C when the power supplied
For (C) by the heater is 30 W and surrounding
Let resultant temperature of mixture C and A is T3 then, temperature is 27°C. As the heater is switched
Heat lost by C = heat gained by A off, it took 10 s time for the temperature of the
Similarly, 3(45 – T3) = (T3 – 15) ⇒ T3 = 37.5°C liquid to fall from 47°C to 46.9°C. The specific
Hence, A → (i), B → (iv), C → (iii), D → (ii) heat capacity of the liquid is
261. Two metallic spheres P and Q are made of (a) 8000 Jkg–1K–1 (b) 9000 Jkg–1K–1
–1 –1
same material have same smoothness but the (c) 6000 Jkg K (d) 12000 Jkg–1K–1
weight of P is 8 times of Q. If the two are AP EAMCET (21.04.2019) Shift-II
heated to same temperature and left to cool, dQ
then the ratio of rate of cooling of Q to that of P Ans. (d) : Power supply by heater, = 30W
is dt
(a) 4 (b) 8 250
Mass of liquid m = = 250×10−3 kg
(c) 2 (d) 1 1000
AP EAMCET (22.04.2019) Shift-I dQ msdT
Ans. (c) : Given, ∵ Rate of heat flow, =
dt dt
Weight of material P is 8 times the weight of material Putting the given values, we get
Q.
So, mp = 8 mQ 250×10−3 ×s ( 47 − 46.9)
30 =
From Stefan's law, 10
The rate of heat radiation from an object is given by Specific heat capacity of the liquid,
∆Q 30×10
= eσAT 4 …(i) s= = 12000 J kg–1K–1
∆t 250×10−3 ×(0.1)
Where, e = emissivity, σ = Stefan's constant
A = area and T = Temperature 263. A hammer of mass 200 kg strikes a steel block
But, ∆Q = mc∆T …(ii) of mass 200g with a velocity 8ms–1. If 23% of
∴ From Equation (i) the energy is utilized to heat the steel block, the
rise in temperature, of the block is (specific
mc∆T
= eσAT 4 heat capacity of steel, = 460 J kg–1 K–1)
∆t
(a) 8 K (b) 16 K
∆T eσAT 4 (c) 12 K (d) 24 K
= …(iii)
∆t mc AP EAMCET (21.04.2019) Shift-I
526
Ans. (b) : Given, 265. One mole of a monoatomic ideal gas undergoes
Mass of hammer (m) = 200 kg the process A → B in the given p-V diagram.
Velocity of hammer (v) = 8 m/s Specific heat capacity in the process is
Mass of steel block (m1) = 200 g = 0.2 kg
Specific heat capacity of steel (s) = 460 Jkg–1K–1
As we know that,
1
Kinetic energy, (K ) = mv 2
2
1
= × 200×82
2
= 6400 J
According to question, 13R 13R
23% of the energy is utilized to heat (a) (b)
3 6
6400× 23 7R 2R
∴ H= = 1472 J (c) (d)
100 3 3
The rise in temperature of steel, AP EAMCET (20.04.2019) Shift-II
H 1472 Ans. (b) : From figure –
∆T = = = 16
ms 460× 0.2
Hence, the rise in temperature is 16 K.
264. A metal rod is subjected to cycles of
magnetisation at the rate of 42 Hz. Density of
the metal is 6 × 103 kg m–3 and its specific heat
capacity is 0.1 × 10–3 cal kg–1° C–1. If the area of
its B-H loop corresponds to energy density of
10–2 Jm–3, then the rise in its temperature in
one minute is
(a) 5°C (b) 10°C
(c) 15°C (d) 20°C
AP EAMCET (20.04.2019) Shift-II AC = 5 V0 – V0 = 4
Ans. (b) : Frequency, n = 42 Hz V0
Specific heat s = 0.1 × 10–3 cal kg–1°C–1 CB = 6 P0 – 3P0 = 3 P0
Area enclosed of B – H loop is called equivalent energy AE = 3 P0, ED = AC = 4V0
loss per unit volume. Given, 1 mole of an ideal monoatomic gas undergoes
the process AB. So, number of mole n = 1
So,
Work done in part A to B (WA → B) = Area under P – V
A = 10–2 J/m3 diagram
So, the energy loss per unit time be, WA → B = Area of ∆ACB + Area of ACDE
m
E = A × volume × n = 10−2 × × 42 1
6×103 = × AC × CB + AE × ED
2
As, the loss of energy in the process of magnetizing is
1
equivalent to the amount of heat generated in the road. = × 4V0 × 3P0 + 3P0 × 4V0
So, If ∆T is the rise in temperature and m of the rod 2
then, using energy conservation, we can write, = 6 P0V0 + 12 P0V0 = 18 P0V0 …(i)
Now internal energy change ∆UA→B = n Cv ∆T
E = ms ∆T
3
m = 1× R (TB − TA )
10−2 × × 42 = m ×(0.1×10−3 × 4.2)∆T 2
6×103
3
10−2 × 42 {∵As the gas is monoatomic that's why C v = R }
∆T = 2
6×103 ×0.1×10−3 × 4.2 At the point B, PBVB = RTB ( ∵ PB = 6P0, VB = 5V0)
1 6P .5V
∆T = °C / sec TB = 0 0
6 R
Now, rise in temperature per unit minutes will be, 30P0 .V0
1 TB =
∆T = ×60 = 10°C R
6 3P0 .V0
Similarly, TA =
∆T = 10°C R
527
 3  30P0 .V0 3P0 .V0  A B C D
So, ∆U A → B = R × −  (a) I II III IV
2  R R  (b) II I IV III
3 P .V (c) III II IV I
∆UA→B = R × 0 0 (30 − 3) (d) II I III IV
2 R
81 AP EAMCET (22.04.2018) Shift-II
= P0 V0 …(ii) Ans. (b) : When ice melts into water – volume decrease
2
Thus, from1st law of thermodynamics – When water changes into steam – volume increase.
Melting point of ice – Decreases with increase in
∆Q A→B = ∆WA→B + ∆U A→B pressure
81 Boiling point of water – Increases with increase of
= 18P0 V0 + P0 V0
2 pressure
117 268. Water of volume 2 litre in a container is heated
DQA→B = P0 V0 (Putting from (i) and (ii)) with a coil of 1 kW at 27°C. The lid of the
2
container is open and energy dissipates at rate
∆Q of 160 J/s. In how much time temperature will
∵ Molar heat capacity C =
n.∆T rise from 27°C to 77°C? [Given specific heat of
117 water is 4.2 kJ/kg]
P0 V0 (a) 8 min 20 s (b) 6 min 2 s
C= 2
 30P0 V0 3P0 V0  (c) 7 min (d) 14 min
1× −  BITSAT-2018
 R R 
Ans. (a) : Given,
117 Volume of water = 2L = 2 × 10–3 m3
P0 V0
C= 2 Mass of water = 2 × 10–3 × 1000 = 2 kg
27P0 V0 Heat gained by the water = Heat supplied by the coil –
R Heat dissipated to environment
13R mc∆θ = Pcoil t – Ploss t
C=
6 2 × 4.2 × 103 × (77 – 27) = 1000t – 160t
266. A wire of 20 Ω is immersed in ice. If 10 A 4.2 ×105
current is passed through this wire for 1 t= = 500sec
840
minute, ice completely melts. The mass of the t = 8 min 20 s
ice is nearly (Lice = 79.7 calg–1) 269. Find the quantity of heat required to convert
(a) 3.5 g (b) 359 g 40 gm of ice at –20°C into water at 20°C. Given
(c) 540 g (d) 3.5 kg Lice = 0.336 × 106 J/kg.
AP EAMCET (23.04.2018) Shift-2 Sp heat of ice = 2100 J/kg-K sp heat of water =
Ans. (b) : R = 20Ω, I = 10A 4200 J/kg-K
Lice = 79.7 cal/g (a) 12480 J (b) 10420 J
Heat gained = Heat generated (c) 16450 J (d) 18480 J
mL = I2RT {∵T = 1min. = 60 second} BITSAT-2005
Ans. (d) : Given,
I 2 RT
m= (∵ 1cal = 4.2J ) Mass of ice m = 40 g = 0.04 kg
L First of all ice melt and goes –20°C to 0°C ice then ice
100× 20× 60 take latent heat for phase change. Then after
m= ≃ 358.48 = 359 g
79.7 × 4.2 temperature move to 20°C.
267. Match the following List-I with List-II Q1 = msice∆t = 0.04 × 2100 × [0 – (–20)] = 1680
List-I List-II Q2 = mLice = 0.04 × 0.336 × 106 = 13440
A When ice melts I Volume increase Q3 = mswater∆t = 0.04 × 4200 × 20 = 3360
into water Total heat required = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
= 1680 + 13440 + 3360 = 18480 J
B When water II Volume decrease
changes into steam 270. One kilogram of ice at 0°C is mixed with one
kilogram of water at 80°C. The final
C Melting point of III Increases with temperature of the mixture is (Take specific
ice increase of heat of water) = 4200 J/kg-°C, Latent heat of
pressure ice = 336 kJ/kg)
D Boiling point of IV Decreases with (a) 0°C (b) 40°C
water increase in (c) 50°C (d) 60°C
pressure BITSAT-2010
528
Ans. (a) : Let the final temperature of the water is x. ∵ Cp = CV + R
The ice required 336000 J to melt + 4200x to rise the 5
temperature So, CP = R+R
2
Qice = 336000 + 4200 x to raise the temperature
7
The heat given by the water in cooling from 80°C to Cp = R ..................(iii)
0°C is. 2
Qw = mass of water × specific heat × fall in temperature 273. If wavelength of light used in Young's double
= 1 × (80° – x) × 4200 slit experiment is 5000 Å, the phase difference
between the waves reaching third bright fringe
Hence, 336000 + 4200 × x = 1 × 4200 × (80 – x)
and central fringe will be
336000 + 4200x = 80 ×4200 – 4200x
(a) zero (b) 2π
x = 0°C
(c) 3π (d) 6π
Hence, final temperature of the mixture is 0°C
CG PET- 2015
271. During vapourisation
(a) change of state from liquid to vapour state Ans. (d) : λ = 5000 A° = 5000×10−10 m
occurs  2π 
(b) temperature remains constant Phase difference =   × Path difference
 λ 
(c) both liquid and vapour states coexist in
equilibrium Path difference = nλ
(d) All of the above Hence for third fringe path difference is 3λ
BITSAT-2017 2π
Phase difference = ×3λ = 6π
Ans. (d) : The change of state from liquid to vapour λ
(gas) is called vapourisation. It is observed that when 274. How will the interference pattern and fringe
liquid is heated, the temperature remains constant until width in Young's double slit experiment get
the entire amount of the liquid is converted into vapour. affected when the distance between the slits S1
The temperature at which the liquid and the vapour and S2 reduced?
states of the substance coexists is called its boiling (a) Fringe width increases
point. (b) Fringe width decreases
272. For a gas if γ=1.4 then atomicity, specific heat (c) Fringe width remains same
capacity at constant pressure and specific heat (d) None of the above
capacity at constant volume of the gas are CG PET- 2015
respectively Ans. (a) : Fringe width in Young's double slit
5 3 experiment is given by
(a) monoatomic, R, R
2 2 D
β= λ …(i)
7 5 d
(b) monoatomic, R, R
2 2 Where,
7 5 D = distance of the screen from the slit
(c) diatomic, R, R d = distance between S1 and S2
2 2
λ = wavelength of light
7 5
(d) triatomic, R, R When d is reduced
2 2
D
CG PET- 2017 β' = λ …(ii)
d'
Ans. (c) : Cp – Cv = R
From equation (i) and (ii), we get –
Cp β d'
γ= = 1.4 = 7 / 5 .........................(i) = <1 [∴ d < d ]
Cv β' d
 Cp  β' > β
Cv  – 1 = R
 Cv  Thus, we can say that fringe width increases.
Cv (7/5 – 1) = R 275. Interference effect is observed in
(a) only transverse wave
2
CV   = R (b) only longitudinal wave
5 (c) Both (a) and (b)
5 (d) None of the above
CV = R .............................. (ii)
2 CG PET- 2014
529
Ans. (c) : Interference effect can be observed in both 277. Why the calorimeter is made by copper?
transverse wave and longitudinal wave. (a) Specific heat of copper is zero
Interference does not indicate whether light is (b) Specific heat of copper is less
transverse or longitudinal. (c) Specific heat of copper is higher
So interference occurs for both types of waves. (d) None of the above
276. The figure shows a system of two concentric CG PET- 2012
spheres of radii r1 and r2 kept at temperature
T1 and T2 respectively. The radial flow of heat Ans. (b) : A calorimeter box is made up of copper
in a substance between the two concentric because,
spheres is proportional to • Cu has low specific heat capacity and thus it reaches
the equilibrium temperature quickly by absorbing a
small amount of heat.
• Cu is highly malleable and hence a very thin box of
small mass can be made. Thus decreasing the heat
capacity of the box. This makes sure the calorimeter
absorbs or liberates a small amount of heat during the
heat exchange.
r1r2 • Cu is a good conductor of heat.
(a) ( r2 − r1 ) (b)
( r2 − r1 ) 278. Work done in converting one gram of ice at
−10ºC into steam at 100ºC is
r  ( r2 − r1 ) (a) 3045 J (b) 6056 J
(c) In  2  (d)
 r1  ( r1r2 ) (c) 721 J (d) 616 J
CG PET- 2013 CG PET- 2007
Ans. (b) : Consider a shell of thickness (dr) and of radii Ans. (a) : Given,
(r) and the temperature of inner and other outer surfaces Mass of ice m = 1 gm
of this shell be t, (T – dt).
Ti = –10°C, Tf = 100°C
Heat energy required to change –10°C ice into 0°C ice
Q1 = mc1 ∆t
Heat energy required to change 0°C ice into 0°C water
Q2 = mLf
Heat energy required to change 0°C water into 100°C
water
Q3 = mCw ∆t'
Heat energy required to change 100°C water into 100°C
dQ steam.
dt Q4 = mLs
KA (T − dT ) − T  −KAdT ∴ Total energy required to convert 1g ice at –10°C into
= = steam at 100°C is.
dr dr
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4
dT = mc1 ∆t + mLf + mcw ∆t' + mLs
= −4πKr 2 (∴ A =4πr2)
dr = m (c1. ∆t + Lf + cw . ∆t' + Ls)
To measure the radial rate of beat flow, integration
= 1(0.5 × 10 + 80 + 1 × 100 + 540) cal
technique is used, since the area of the surface through
which heat will flow is not constant. = (5 + 80 + 100 + 540) × 4.2 Joule
Then, = 3045 J
 dQ  r2 1 T2 279. A solid copper cube of edges 1 cm is suspended
 
 dt  ∫r1 r
dr = −4 πK ∫ dT in an evacuated enclosure. Its temperature is
T1
2
found to fall from 100ºC to 99ºC in 100 s.
dQ  1 1  Another solid copper cube of edges 2 cm, with
 −  = −4 πK (T2 − T1 ) similar surface nature, is suspended in a
dt  r1 r2 
similar manner. The time required for this
dQ (r r ) cube to cool from 100ºC to 99ºC will be
= −4πK(T2 − T1 ) 1 2
dt (r2 − r1 ) approximately
(a) 25 s (b) 50 s
dQ rr
∝ 12 (c) 200 s (d) 400 s
dt (r2 − r1 ) CG PET- 2005
530
Ans. (c) : According to question, K.A ( θ2 − θ1 )
Fall in temperature = 100 – 99 = 1°C m=
x.L
Volume of small copper cube = (1)3 = 1 cm3
0.01×1×(30 − 0)×86400
Let its mass be m. m=
We know that, 5×10−2 ×334 ×103
Rate of heat emission, = 1.552 kg or 1552 g
mc∆θ 281. Two litre of water at initial temperature of
H1 = 27ºC is heated by a heater of power 1kW. If the
t
lid of kettle is opened, then heat is lost at the
mc ×1 mc constant rate of 160 J/s. Find, the time required
H1 = = …(i)
100 100 to raise the temperature of water to 77ºC with
Volume of bigger copper cube = (2) = 8 cm3
2
the lid open (specific heat of water 4.2 kJ/kg)
∴ Mass of bigger copper cube = 8m (a) 5 min 40 s (b) 14 min 20 s
∴ Rate of heat emission (c) 8 min 20 s (d) 16 min 10 s
8mc ×1 8mc Manipal UGET-2014
H2 = = …(ii)
t2 t2 Ans. (c) : Given,
Total surface area of smaller copper cube m = 2 liter,
= 6 × (1)2 Ti = 27ºC
A1 = 6 cm2 Tf = 77ºC
Total the surface area of bigger copper cube power of heater = 1 kW
= 6 × (2)2 = 1000W
A2 = 24 cm2 = 1000J/s
Rate of heat emission H ∝ A lost heat = 160 J/s
Effective rate of heat gain is
H1 6 1
= = Q = 1000 – 160 = 840 J/s
H 2 24 4
Time required to raise the temperature,
Using Eqn (i) and (ii) , we get 840t = mc∆T
mc t 1 840 t = 2 × 4.2 × 1000×(77 – 27)
× 2 =
100 8mc 4 840 t = 84 × 100 × 50
800 840 t = 420000
t2 = = 200s
4 t = 500 sec = 8 min 20 sec.
280. An ice box used for keeping eatables cold has a 282. Ice starts freezing in a lake with water at 0ºC.
total wall area of 1 m2 and a wall thickness of when the atmospheric temperature is –10ºC. If
5.0 cm. The thermal conductivity of the ice box the time taken for 1 cm of ice to be formed is 12
is K=0.01 J /mºC. It is filled with ice at 0ºC min, the time taken for the thickness of the ice
along with eatables on a day when the to change from 1 to 2 cm will be
temperature is 30ºC. The latent heat of fusion (a) 12 min
of ice is 334×103 J /kg. the amount of ice melted
(b) less than 12 min
in one day is (1 day= 86,400s)
(a) 776 g (b) 7760 g (c) more than 12 min but less than 24 min
(c) 11520 g (d) 1552 g (d) more than 24 min
CG PET- 2004 Manipal UGET-2013
Ans. (d) : Given, Ans. (d) : Given, water at 0°C when atmospheric
A = 1m2 temperature at –10°C suppose area of bake = A,
x = 5.0 cm conductivity = K
K = 0.01 J/moC height of ice or thickness = h
θ2 = 30oC and height of ice is formed in time interval dt = dh
θ1 = 0oC Now,
Lice = 334 × 103 J/kg dQ − KAdT  10 
= = − KA  
Quantity of heat transferred through wall will dt dx h
be utilized in melting of ice.
K.A∆θ  10 
Q= dQ = –KA   dt
x h
K.A ( θ2 − θ1 ) Since, Q = mL ⇒ dQ = Ldm = LρAdh
mL =
x {∵m = ρ×V ρA ×dh}

531
 10 Ans. (a) : Given,
So, LρAdh = –KA dt
h mass = density × volume
m1 = 1000 × 0.1 = 0.1× 103 kg
h  − K × 10  t
⇒ ∫0 h dh =   ∫0 dt m2 = 1000 × 0.3 = 0.3× 103 kg
 Lρ  T1 = 80°C
2 T2 = 60°C
h K × 10
⇒ = t Final temperature (T) = ?
2 Lρ
Heat lost at (80ºC) = Heat gain at (60ºC)
⇒ h2∝t ⇒ h = λ t , λ is constant m1Cw∆T1 = m2Cw∆T2
Therefore, m1 Cw (80 –T) = m2 Cw (T – 60)
⇒ 103 × 0.1× (80 –T) = 0.3 × (T – 60) × 103
For h = 1cm, 1cm = λ 12 ..........(i)
100 (80 – T) = 300 (T – 60)
For h = 2cm, 2cm = λ t 2 ............(ii) 26000 = 400 T
Where t2 is time taken to form ice from 1 to 2 cm. T = 65ºC
On dividing eq (i) and (ii), we get Hence, the final temperature is 65ºC.
285. A 210 W heater is used to heat 100 g water. The
1 12 1 12 time required to raise the temperature of this
= ⇒ =
2 t2 4 t2 water from 25 oC to 100 oC is (specific heat
capacity of water = 4200 J/kg-oC)
⇒ t2 = 48 min
(a) 100 s (b) 125 s
∆t = (48–12) min = 36 min
(c) 150 s (d) 200 s
283. A body of specific heat 0.2 kcal/kg ºC is heated TS-EAMCET-03.05.2019, Shift-1
through 100ºC. The percentage increase in its
mass is Ans. (c) : Given that mass, m = 100g = 10–1kg
(a) 9% (b) 9.3 ×10-11% ∆T = T2 – T1 = 100 – 25 = 75ºC
(c) 10% (d) None of these P = 210 watt
JIPMR - 2005 Q
Power of heater =
Manipal UGET-2013 t
Ans. (b) : Given, Q
210 =
Specific heat of the body = 0.2 kcal/kgºC t
temperature = 100ºC Q = 210 t Joule
% change in mass = ? We know that
Since we know, Q = mc∆T
Einstein's formula, E = ∆mc2 .....(i) 210t = 10–1× 4.2 × 103 × 75ºC
Also heat is given by the body
4.2×10 2 × 75
E = mC∆T ….(ii) t= = = 150 second
(C = specific heat) 210
Equating on equation (i) and (ii) Hence, the time required to raise the temperature of
water t = 150 sec
∆ mc2 = mC∆T
286. How much heat energy is supplied when 5 kg of
 ∆m  C∆T 0.2 ×100× 4.2 ×103 water at 20oC is brought to its boiling point?
 = 2 =
 m 
(3×108 )
2
c (Assume, specific heat of water = 4.2 J/goC)
(a) 1680 KJ (b) 1740 KG
 ∆m  20× 4.2×103 (c) 1680 J (d) 1740 J

 m  = 9×1016
TS-EAMCET-14.09.2020, Shift-1
∆m 20× 42 ×102 Ans. (a) : Given,
% increase in mass = ×100 = ×100
m 9×1016 mass of water m = 5 kg
 ∆m  Boiling temp T2 = 100ºC
–11
  % = 9.3 × 10 % Initial temp T1 = 20ºC
 m 
Specific heat (C) = 4.2 × 103 J/kgºC
284. 0.1 m3 of water at 80ºC is mixed with 0.3 m3 of
water at 60ºC. The final temperature of the Q = mC∆T
mixture is = mc (T2 – T1)
(a) 65º C (b) 70º C = 5 × 4.2 × 103×(100 – 20)
(c) 2.4º C (d) 75º C Q = 5 × 4.2 × 103 × 80
Manipal UGET-2009 Required Heat = Q = 1680 KJ
532
287. A solid of 2 kg mass absorbs 50 kJ when its So, P.t = mC∆T
temperature is raised from 20oC to 70oC. The (100 × t) = 10–1 × 1 × 103 × 1ºC
specific heat capacity of this solid in unit of 100t = 0.1 × 103
J/kg oC is
100 t = 100
(a) 500 (b) 1000
t =1 sec
(c) 1500 (d) 750
Hence, the time taken by the element to cool down is
TS-EAMCET-10.09.2020, Shift-2 one second.
Ans. (a) : Given,
Mass of solid, (m) = 2kg
290. An electric hea00ter with constant heat supply
Heat absorb (Q) = 50 kJ rate is used to convert a certain amount of
Final temp (Tf) = 70ºC liquid ammonia to saturated vapour at high
Initial temp (Ti) = 20ºC pressure. The heater takes 14 minutes to bring
Specific heat C = ? the liquid at 15 oC to the boiling point of 50 oC
We know that, and 92 minutes to convert the liquid at the
Q = m.C.∆.T boiling point wholly to vapour. If the specific
50 × 103 = 2 × C×(70 – 20) heat capacity of liquid ammonia is 4.9 kJ/kg K,
3 the latent heat of vaporisation of ammonia in
50×10 kJ/kg is
Specific heat C = = = 500J / kgº C
2×50 (a) 557 (b) 981
288. Latent heat of vaporisation of water is 22.6×105 (c) 1127 (d) 2250
J/kg. The amount of heat needed to convert 100 TS-EAMCET-05.05.2018, Shift-1
kg of water at 100°C into vapour at 100°C is
Ans. (c) : Let mass of liquid ammonia taken is m and
(a) 11.3×105 J (b) 11.3×106 J .
6 7
(c) 22.6×10 J (d) 22.6×10 J rate of the supplied heat is Q .
TS-EAMCET-09.09.2020, Shift-1 Then according to question
Ans. (d) : Given, ∆T = 50 – 15 = 35°C
Latent heat of vaporisation of water (L) Specific heat capacity of liquid ammonia = 4.9 kJ/kgK.
= 22.6 × 105 J/Kg .
Q × 14 = m × 4.9 × (50 – 15)
Q = ?, m = 100kg
.
The amount of heat to convert water to vapor 100ºC 14 Q = m × 4.9 × 35 ….. (i)
(both)
Let latent heat of vaporization of ammonia be L.
Q = mL
Then according to question :-
= 100 × 22.6 × 105 .
= 22.6 × 107 J Q × 92 = m × L …… (ii)
289. A heating element of mass 100 g and having On dividing equation (i) and (ii) we get-
specific heat of 1 J/(goC) is exposed to 14 4.9 × 35
surrounding air at 27oC. The element attains a =
92 L
steady state temperature of 127oC, while
92 × 4.9 × 35
absorbing 100W of electric power. If the power L=
is switched Off, then approximate time taken 14
by the element to cool down to 126oC will be L = 1127kJ/kgK
(neglect radiation) 291. A glass beaker contains 200 g of carbonated
(a) 0.1 s (b) 1.0 s water initially at 20oC. How much ice should be
(c) 5.0 s (d) 10.0 s added to obtain the final temperature of 0oC
TS-EAMCET-11.09.2020, Shift-1 with all ice melted, if the initial temperature of
Ans. (b) : Given, ice is –10oC. Neglect heat capacity of glass.
mass = 100 g = 10–1kg [Take, Cwater = 4190 J/kgoC,
Specific heat (C) = 1 J /gºC Cice = 2100 J/kg o C, L f = 3.34 ×105 J/kg]
3
= 1 × 10 J/kg ºC (a) 47 g (b) 76 g
Power P = 100W (c) 200 g (d) 22 g
∆T = (127 – 126) = 1ºC TS-EAMCET-05.05.2018, Shift-2
Q Ans. (a) : Given,
Power P =
t Initial temperature = 20º (water)
Q = P.t Final temperature = 0ºC
∵ Q = mC∆T Initial temperature of ice = –10ºC

533
Heat loss by carbonated water = Heat gained by ice (a) 140ºC (b) 106ºC
mw Cw (20 – 0) = miLf + miCi (0 – (–10)) (c) 90ºC (d) 100ºC
(200 × 10–3) × 4190 × 20 = mi [3.34 × 105 + 2100 × 10] JCECE-2014
mass of ice, mi = 47 × 10–3kg = 47 g Ans. (c) : Given,
292. How much thermal energy is required to Speed of bullet = 180 m/s
change a 40 g ice cube from solid at –10o C to 2
steam at 110o C? Heat produced = Q
3
[Assume, latent heat of fusion for water = 80
o Specific heat of lead = 120 J/kgºC
kcal/kg, specific heat of water = 1 kcal/kg C,
specific heat of ice = 0.5 kcal/kgoC, specific heat Now,
of steam = 0.48 kcal/kgoC, latent heat of 2
(mC∆T ) = Q (Q in the form of KE.)
vaporisation of water = 540 kcal/kgoC] 3
(a) 29.192 kcal (b) 40.288 kcal 2
(c) 35.188 kcal (d) 30.188 kcal mC∆T= ×KE of bullet
3
TS-EAMCET-09.09.2020, Shift-2
2 mv 2
Ans. (a) : mC∆T = .
3 2
2
ice at −10º C mC∆T ice at  mLf H 2 O  v
  →    →  C∆T =
m = 40g  0º C  at0º C 3
2
↓ mc∆T v (180) 2
∆T = = = 90º C
3C 3×120
steam  mC∆T steam  mLv water(H 2 O)
  ←   ←   295. The ratio of two specific heats of gas Cp/Cv for
at (110º C) at(100º C) at100º C 
  argon is 1.6 and for hydrogen is 1.4. If
Now thermal energy require– adiabatic elasticity of argon at pressure p is E,
Q = (mCice∆T) + (mLf) + (mCw∆T) + (mLv) + mCs∆T then at what pressure the adiabatic elasticity of
Q = m[Ci∆T + Lf + Cw∆T + Lv + Cs∆T] hydrogen will also be equal to E?
–3
= 40 × 10 [0.5 (0 – (–10)) + 80 + 1 ×(100 – 0) (a) p (b) 1.4 p
+ 540 + 0.48 × (110 – 100)] 7 8
–3
(c) p (d) p
= 40 × 10 [0.5 ×10+80+100+540+0.48×10] kcal 8 7
= 40 × 10–3 [5 + 80 + 100 + 540 + 4.8] kcal JCECE-2012
= 29.192 kcal Ans. (d) : Given,
293. Two liquids A and B are at 32ºC and 24ºC.  Cp 
When mixed in equal masses, the temperature   = 1.6 = γ argon
 C v 
of mixture is found to be 28ºC. Their specific argon

heats are in the ratio  Cp 

(a) 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3   = 1.4 = γ H2
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 4 : 3  C v Hydrogen
JCECE-2017 Adiabatic Elasticity of argon at pressure P = E
Ans. (c) : Given, Adiabatic elastic = γ.P
liquid A – at 32º C (mixed in equal masses ∴ γargon. P = γ H2 . PH2
liquid B – at 24º C mix. temp. 28ºC)
Let, specific heat of liquid B = CB γ .P 1. 6P 8P
PH2 = argon = =
specific heat of liquid A = CA γ H2 1.4 7
Heat loss by liquid A = Heat gain by liquid B 8P
mCA (32 – 28) = mCB (28 – 24) Thus, at pressure , the adiabatic elasticity of
7
CA 4 1
= = Hydrogen will be equal to E.
CB 4 1 296. The molar heat capacity in a process of a
CA : CB = 1 : 1 diatomic gas, if it does a work of Q/4 when heat
Thus, specific heat ratio is 1 : 1. Q is supplied to it, is
294. A lead bullet of unknown mass is fired with a 2 10
speed of 180 ms–1 into a tree in which it stops. (a) R (b) R
5 3
Assuming that in this process two-third of
5 6
heat produced goes into the bullet and one- (c) R (d) R
third into wood. The temperature of the bullet 3 5
rises by JCECE-2011
534
Ans. (b) : Given, Ans. (a) : Given,
Q Mass of water at 30ºC , mw = 80g
Work = Ice at 0ºC, mi = ?
4
∆Q = mwC∆T
Where, Q = supplied heat
= 80 × 1 × (30 – 0)
From the first law of thermodynamic,
= 2400 cal
dQ = dU + dW
Heat is gained by ice = 80 × mi
dU = dQ – dW 2400 = 80mi
Q 2400
=Q– mi =
4 80
3Q = 30g
=
4 Hence, mass of ice is 30g.
Now, 298. A hot liquid is filled in a container and kept in
a room of temperature of 25°C. The liquid
nR∆T
∆U = ….(i) emits heat at the rate of 200 Js–1 when its
γ −1 temperature is 75°C. When the temperature of
n = no of moles of gas the liquid becomes 40°C, the rate of heat loss in
R= universal gas constant J s–1 is
(a) 160 (b) 140
γ = ratio of specific heat (c) 80 (d) 60
7 COMEDK 2017
For diatomic gas: γ=
5 Ans. (d) : Given,
3 Room temperature = 25ºC
∴ du = ∆U = Q Heat emitted = 200 J/sec
4
Final temperature of liquid = 40ºC
From eq. (i), we get,
From the Newton's law of cooling,
3Q nR∆T mc(75 − 25)
= = 200J / sec …..(i)
4 7 dt
−1
5 mc(40 − 25)
and = x J / sec ….(ii)
3 nR∆T dt
Q=
4 2 From equation (i),
5 mc
×50 = 200
3Q 5nR∆T dt
= mc
4 2 =4
dt
3Q 5nR∆T
= mc
2 1 Putting the value of in equation (ii), we get
dt
3Q
n∆T =  mc 
10R  (40 − 25) = x J / sec
 dt 
∵ Heat Q = nC∆T 4 × 15 = x
x = 60 J/sec
Q = C. (n∆T)
= 60 Js–1
 3Q  Hence, the rate of heat transfer is 60 J/sec.
Q = C. 
10R 
299. Two rigid boxes containing different ideal gases
10R are placed on a table. Box A contains one mole
C = (If R = R ) of nitrogen at temperature T0, while box B
3 contains one mole of helium at temperature
10R 7
Hence, molar heat capacity C =
3  3  T0 . The boxes are then put into thermal
 
297. 80 g of water at 30°C is poured on a large block contact with each other and heat flows between
of ice at 0°C. The mass of ice that melts is them until the gases reach a common final
(a) 30 g (b) 80 g temperature (ignore the heat capacity of
(c) 150 g (d) 1600 g boxes). Then, final temperature of the gases, Tf
COMEDK 2018 in terms of T0 is
535
 3 7 (a) BC (b) CD
(a) Tf = T0 (b) Tf = T0
7 3 (c) ED (d) EF
3 5 AIIMS-26.05.2018(E)
(c) Tf = T0 (d) Tf = T0
2 2 Ans. (b) :
AIIMS-2008
Ans. (c) : Given,
Heat loss by Helium (He) = Heat gained by Nitrogen
(N2)
n (Cv)He (T1 – Tf) = n (Cv)N (Tf –T2)
3 7  5
R  To − Tf  = R [Tf − To ]
2  3  2
3 7 3 5 5 AB = solid state
× To − Tf = Tf − To CD = liquid state
2 3 2 2 2
7 5 5 3 DE = Steam gas state
To + To = Tf + Tf 302. Steam is passed into 22 g of water at 20ºC. The
2 2 2 2
12To = 8Tf mass of water that will be present when the
water acquires a temperature of 90ºC is
3T
Tf = o (Latent heat of steam is 540 cal/gm)
2 (a) 24.8 gm (b) 24 gm
300. Assertion: Melting of solid causes no change in (c) 36.6 cm (d) 30 gm
internal energy:
AIIMS-2016
Reason: Latent heat is the heat required to
melt a unit mass of solid. Ans. (a) : Let the mass of steam condensed in water be
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and 'm'.
the Reason is a correct explanation of the In this process, the heat released by steam is sum of heat
Assertion. released while condensing from steam to ice and heat
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but released while temperature is dropped from 100oC to
Reason is not a correct explanation of the 9oC.
Assertion. So, steam → water (100°C) + water (90°)
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is Q = mL + mC∆T
incorrect.
Q = m×540 + m×1(100–90)
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are
incorrect. Q = 540m + 10m
(e) If the Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is Q = 550 m …. (i)
correct. Now, heat absorbed by 22g of water to increase its
AIIMS-1998 temperature from 20oC to 90oC is,
Ans. (e) : Melting is associated with increasing of Q = mwC∆T
internal energy without change in temperature . In view Q = 22×1×(90–20)
of the reason being correct the amount of heat absorbed Q = 1540 cal ….(ii)
or given out during change of state is expressed as Q = From equation (i) and (ii), we get
mL, 1540 = 550m
Where, m = mass of substance
1540
L = latent heat of the substance m=
Hence, the assertion is incorrect and reason is correct. 550
301. A solid substance is at 30ºC. To this substance m = 2.8g
heat energy is supplied at a constant rate. Then So, total mass,
temperature versus time graph is as shown in M = 22+2.8
the figure. The substance is in liquid state for M = 24.8g
the portion (of the graph) 303. When a solid is converted into a gas, directly by
heating then this process is known as:
(a) Sublimation (b) Vaporization
(c) Condensation (d) Boiling
AIIMS-1999
Ans. (a) : When a solid is converted into a gas directly
by heating then this process is known as sublimation.

536
304. A quantity of heat required to change the unit Ans. (d): The amount of heat required to increase the
mass of a solid substance to its liquid state, internal energy is,
while the temperature remains constant, is dU = Cv dT
known as
5 
(a) latent heat of vaporization =  R  dT ……(i)
(b) latent heat of fusion 2 
(c) heat of condensation  5 
(d) specific heat ∵ diatomic gas, C v = R 
AIIMS-1998
 2 
dQ = dU + dW
Ans. (b) : A quantity of heat required to change the unit
mass of a solid substance to its liquid state, while the dU = dQ – dW
temperature remains constant, is known as latent heat of Q
= Q−
fusion. 3
During the fusion of solid into liquid, some energy is 2Q
used up to transformation the state of matter from solid =
to liquid. Since it does not increase the kinetic energy of 3
particles, there is no increase in the temperature of dQ = CdT
material. So phase transformation takes place at dQ
constant temperature. C=
dT
305. Heat is applied to a rigid diatomic gas at From equation (i), we get
constant pressure. The ratio ∆Q : ∆U : ∆W is 2
(a) 7 : 5 : 2 (b) 5 : 2 : 7 dT = dU
5R
(c) 5 : 7 : 2 (d) 2 : 5 : 7
MHT-CET 2020 dQ Q × 5R × 3
∴ C= =
Ans. (a): From first law of thermodynamic, 2 2 × 2Q
dU
∆Q = ∆U + ∆W 5R
∆Q = ∆U + mR∆T 15QR 15R
C= =
For ideal gas and diatomic 4Q 4
∆U = mCv∆T 2
307. The value of ‘γ’ for a gas is given as γ = 1 + ,
5  5  f
= mR∆T  C v = R 
2  2  where ‘f’ is the number of degrees of freedom
5 of a molecule of a gas. What is the ratio of
∆U = ∆W ....(i) ‘γmonoatomic/γdiatomic’ ?
2
Diatomic gas consists of rigid gas molecules
{∵ ∆W = P∆V = mR∆T}
25 3
Heat supplied at constant pressure, (a) (b)
∆Q = mCp ∆T 21 10
∆Q = mCp ∆T 21 10
(c) (d)
25 3
7  7 
= mR∆T ∴ C p = R  MHT-CET 2020
2  2 
2
7 Ans. (a): Given, γ = 1 +
∆Q = ∆W ....(ii) f
2
For monoatomic,
From equation (i) and (ii),
∆Q : ∆U : ∆W = 7 : 5: 2 f=3 [∵ f = Degree of freedom]
Q 2 5
306. One mole of a diatomic gas does a work , γ monoatomic = 1 + =
3 3 3
when the amount of heat supplied is ‘Q’. In this For diatomic, f = 5
process, the molar heat capacity of the gas is 2 2 7
3R 7R γ diatomic = 1 + = 1+ =
(a) (b) f 5 5
4 4
The ratio of
9R 15R
(c) (d) γ monoatomic 5 / 3 5 × 5 25
4 4 = = =
γ diatomic 7 / 5 7 × 3 21
MHT-CET 2020
537
308. Three black discs ‘x’, ‘y’, ‘z’ have radii 1m, 2m 4
 λ×3
and 3m respectively. The wavelengths E2 = E ×  
corresponding to maximum intensity are 200,  2λ 
300 and 400 nm respectively. The relation 3
4

between emissive powers ‘Ex’, ‘Ey’ and ‘Ez’ is E2 =   E

2
(a) E x > E y > E z (b) E x < E y < E z
81
(c) E x = E y = E z (d) E x > E y > E z E2 = E
16
MHT-CET 2020
310. For a rigid diatomic molecule, universal gas
Ans. (a): According to Wien's displacement law, constant R = nCp where ‘Cp’ is the molar
λm.T = constant specific heat at constant pressure and ‘n’ is a
1 number. Hence n is equal to
T∝
λ (a) 0.2257 (b) 0.4
By Stefan's law, E = σAT 4 (c) 0.2857 (d) 0.3557
MHT-CET 2017
Then E ∝ T4
Ans. (c): For diatomic,
1
∴ E∝ 4 C 7
λ γ= p =
Cv 5
1 1 1
∴ Ex : Ey : Ez = 4 : 4 : 4 5
λx λy λz C v = Cp
7
1 1 1
= : : C p – C v=R
( 200 ) ( 300 ) ( 400 )
4 4 4
5
Cp – C p = R
∴ Ex > Ey > Ez 7
309. A black body radiates maximum energy at 7C p − 5C p
wavelength ‘λ’ and its emissive power is ‘E’. =R
7
Now, due to change in temperature of that
2
body, it radiates maximum energy at Cp = R
2λ 7
wavelength . At that temperature, emissive 2
3 C p = nC p
power is 7
81E 91E 2
(a) (b) n=
16 16 7
54E 27E n = 0.2857
(c) (d)
16 16 R
MHT-CET 2020 311. For a gas C = 0.4, where ‘R’ is the universal
v
2λ gas constant and ‘Cv’ is molar specific heat at
Ans. (a): Given, λ1 = λ, λ 2 = , E1 = E
3 constant volume. The gas made up of molecules
λm .T = Constant which are
λ 1 . T 1 = λ2 T 2 (a) rigid diatomic (b) monoatomic
(c) non-rigid diatomic (d) polyatomic
T1 λ 2
= ……(i) MHT-CET 2015
T2 λ1 Ans. (a): Given that
E = σ AT4 R
E ∝ T4 = 0.4
C
v
4
E1  T1  We know that Cp – Cv = R
= 
E 2  T2  Cp − C v R
=
From eq. (i), we get Cv Cv
4
E1  λ 2  Cp − C v
=  = 0.4
E 2  λ1  Cv
λ 
4
Cp
E 2 = E1 ×  1  − 1 = 0.4
Cv
 λ2 
538
 Cp 314. Graph of specific heat at constant volume for a
Cv
= 1.4 (∴ C p / Cv = γ ) monatomic gas is
γ = 1.4
Hence, the gas is rigid diatomic in nature.
(For rigid, only translation motion + Rotational motion)
312. In terms of mechanical unit, Cp – Cv ... where,
Cp and Cv are principal specific heats.
R
(a) R (b)
M
R R
(c) (d)
J MJ
MHT-CET 2005
Ans. (b) : We know that,
∆Q
Heat capacity, C= VITEEE-2017
m∆T
  Ans. (c): For monoatomic gas –
∆Q  ∆Q  3
Molar specific heat capacity(C) = =  Cv = R
n∆T  m 2
 ∆T 
M 
 ∆Q 
C = M 
 m∆T 
Molar heat capacity(C) = M× specific heat capacity
We know that,
Cp – Cv = R
MCp – MCv = R
M(Cp – Cv) = R
R
Cp − Cv =
M 315. One mole of gas of specific heat ratio 1.5 being
313. The molar specific heats of an ideal gas at initially at temperature 290 K is adiabatically
constant pressure and volume are denoted by compressed to increase its pressure 8 times.
Cp The temperature of the gas after compression
CP and Cv, respectively. If γ = and R is the
Cv will be
universal gas constant, then Cv is equal to (a) 580 K (b) 870 K
R ( γ − 1) (c) 290 2 K (d) 1160 K
(a) (b)
( )
γ − 1 R SCRA-2015
1+ γ Ans. (a) : Given that
(c) γR (d)
1− γ T1 = 290 K
VITEEE-2018 γ = 1.5
Ans. (a): We know that Mayor's formula P2 = 8P1
Cp – Cv = R
We know that,
Cp = Cv + R
γ−1
We know
T2  P2  γ
Cp C +R = 
=γ= v T1  P1 
Cv Cv
0.5
R  8P1  1.5
γ=1+ T2 = 290  
Cv  P1 
R
= γ −1 1

Cv = 290 × 83
R = 290 × 2
Cv =
( γ −1) T2 = 580 K

539
316. An amount of 100 g of copper with specific hat 318. Let Cv be the molar the capacity of an ideal gas
0.1 cal g–1 °C at 200 °C is dipped into 100 cc of at constant volume. What is the molar heat
water at 24 °C. What is the final temperature capacity of this gas, if the gas undergoes the
of the system? process Te–av = To, where α and To are
(a) 30 °C (b) 40 °C constants?
(c) 50 °C (d) 60 °C (a) Cv+aRV–1 (b) Cv+R(aV)–1
–2
SCRA-2012 (c) Cv+aRV (d) Cv+2aRV–1
Ans. (b): Given that, m = 100g C = 0.1 cal/g–1°C where V is the volume.
Specific heat given = specific heat taken SCRA-2009
m C1(∆T)1 = m C2(∆T)2 Ans. (b) : Te = To
– aV

100 × 0.1×( 200 – T) = 100 × 1×( T – 24) T = To eaV …………(i)

20 – 0.1 T = T – 24 We know that –
44 = T + 0.1 T dW = PdV ……….…(ii)
1.1 T = 44 Now,
T = 40oC PV=RT ………….(iii)
317. Consider n moles of an ideal gas at And,
temperature T Kelvin. If it expands T=ToeaV ………….(iv)
dT d ( To e )
isothermally from volume V1 to volume V2, the aV

heat added to the gas is: =

dV dV
V  V 
(a) nRT ln  1  (b) nRT ln  2  dT = To aeaV dV
 V2   V1 
dT
 V2  dV =
(c) nRT   (d) None of the above To aeaV
V
 1 From equation (iv)
SCRA-2011 dT
dV =
Ans. (b): T
.aeaV
eaV
dT
dV =
Ta
 P R 
∵ = from......(iii) 
 T V 
V1 V2 P dT
dW =
Ta
Work done,
RdT
V2
dW =
W= ∫V1
PdV ....(i) aV
From ideal gas equation Now,
PV = nRT = Constant = C dQ = dU + dW
At T = constant RdT
CdT = CV dT +
PV = C aV
C R
P= C = Cv +
V aV
From equation (ii), C = C v + R(aV) –1
V2 C
W=∫ dV = C [lnV ]V2
V
V1 V 1
319. The S.I. unit of specific heat capacity is :
(a) J K–1 (b) J kg–1
W = C [ lnV2 − ln V1 ] –1 –1
(c) J mol K (d) J kg–1 K–1
 V  Karnataka CET-2017
W = C ln  2  Ans. (d): The SI unit of specific heat capacity is Joule
  V1   per kilogram per kelvin (J kg–1 K–1). For example, the
V  heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water
W = nRT ln  2  by 1 K is 4184 Joules. So the specific heat capacity of
 V1  water is 4184 J.kg–1 K–1.
540
320. A piece of blue glass heated to a high (a) 540 cal/g (b) 536 cal/g
temperature and a piece of red glass at room (c) 270 cal/g (d) 480 cal/g
temperature, are taken inside a dimly lit room, J&K CET- 2005
then :
Ans. (a): According to question,
(a) the blue piece will look blue and red will look
Heat required to raise the temperature of water by t oC
as usual
is –
(b) red look brighter red and blue look ordinary
blue Q = Mw × Cw × ∆t
(c) blue shines like brighter red compared to the Where, Cw = specific heat of water
red piece Mw = mass of water
(d) both the pieces will look equally red Heat required to condense steam –
Karnataka CET-2005 M2 × L + ms × cs∆t = Mw × Cw × ∆t
Ans. (c): When a piece of the blue glass is heated at 2×L+2×1× (100 – 54.3) = 40×1(54.3 – 25)
high temperatures, it absorbs all the radiation of a 2L + 91.4 = 1172
higher wavelength except blue. It will emit all the L = 540.3 cal g–1
radiation of higher wavelength. Hence it looks brighter 324. An engineer claims to have made an engine
as compared to the red piece. delivering 10 K/W power with fuel
321. One kilogram of ice at 0o C is mixed with one consumption of 1 g/sec. The calorific value of
kilogram of water at 80o C . The final the fuel is 2 Kcal/g. The claim of the engineer
temperature of the mixture is (take: specific (a) is valid
heat of water = 4200 J kg–1 K–1, latent heat of (b) is invalid
ice = 336 kJ kg–1). (c) depends on engine design
(a) 40°C (b) 60°C (d) depends on the load
°
(c) 0 C (d) 50°C J&K CET- 2000
Karnataka CET-2002 Ans. (b): Given,
Ans. (c): Given, Power of engine (P) = 10 kW
Mass of ice at 0oC = 1 kg Fuel consumption = 1 g/sec
Mass of water at 80oC = 1 kg Calorific value of the fuel = 2 Kcal/g
Specific heat of water = 4200 J kg–1 K–1 We know that,
Latent heat of ice = 336 kJ kg–1 The efficiency of engine
Heat due to cooling of water from 80oC to 0oC, output power
= ms∆t η= × 100%
Input power
= 1×4200 × (80–0)
= 336000 J 10 kW
η=
= 336 kJ 2 × 103 × 4.2J / s
Heat required for the melting of ice from 80oC to 0oC, 10 kW
H2=mL = 1×336 kJ η= >1
8.4 kW
So, H1 = H2,
Then ice cold net be melt from 0oC, so the final Engine efficiency is greater than 1, so the claim of the
temperature is 0oC. engineer is invalid.
322. Water is used as a coolant in automobile 325. Consider boiling water converting into steam.
radiators owing to its high Under this condition, the specific heat of water
(a) viscosity is
(b) surface tension (a) less than zero
(c) latent heat (b) zero
(d) specific heat capacity (c) slightly greater than zero
UPCPMT 2012 (d) infinite
J&K CET- 2011 J&K-CET-2015
Ans. (d): Water has high specific heat capacity, so it Ans. (d): Boiling water converting into steam that
can absorb a large amount of heat for every degree rise means the temperature will remain constant, so the
in temperature. Hence, water is used as coolant in process is an isothermal
automobiles radiators. ∆T = 0oC
323. 2 g of steam condenses when passed through 40 As specific heat,
g of water initially at 25°C. The condensation Q Q Q
of steam raises the temperature of water to s= = = =∞
54.3°. What is the latent heat of steam? m∆T m × 0 0

541
326. The heat capacity per mole of water is (R is 328. Copper and silicon are cooled from 300 K to
universal gas constant) 60K. The specific resistance
9 (a) decreases in copper but increases in silicon
(a) 9 R (b) R (b) increases in copper but decreases in silicon
2 (c) increases in both
(c) 6 R (d) 5 R (d) decreases in both
(e) 3 R CG PET- 2017
KERALA CEE - 2010 Ans. (a) : We know that
Ans. (a): We know that, l
R =ρ
Heat capacity per mole of water at any temperature is – A
C = dU/dT Copper is a metal and silicon is a semiconductor when
Amount of energy stored by each atom in one mole of both are cooled from 300 K to 60 K. Then the
water. resistance of copper decreases but the resistance of
silicon increase.
We treat water like a solid.
For water (solid) each atom average energy is 3KbT. 329. The molar specific heat of oxygen at constant
pressure Cp = 7.03 cal/mol ºC and R = 8.31
Water has three atom, two hydrogen and one oxygen
J/mol ºC. The amount of heat taken by 5 moles
Hence, total energy of one mole water is – of oxygen when heated at constant volume
dU = 3 × 3 KbT × NA from 10ºC to 20ºC will be approximately.
 R  (a) 25 cal (b) 50 cal
dU = 9RT  Kb =  (c) 253 cal (d) 500 cal
 NA 
Manipal UGET-2016
Now, heat capacity per mole of water is – Ans. (c): Given,
∆Q dU 9RT The molar specific heat of oxygen at constant
C= = =
∆T T T pressure CP = 7.03 cal/mol oC
C = 9R R = 8.31 J/mol °C
327. The molar heat capacity of rock salt at low No. of moles (n) = 5 moles
temperature varies with temperature according T 2 = 20oC , T1 = 10oC
to Debye's T3 law We know that,
T 3
Cp – Cv = R 
Thus C = k 3 wherek = 1940 Jmol -1 K -1 ∆Q = nCv∆T  
θ Cv = Cp – R 
θ = 281K  8.31 
= 5 7.03 − × ( 20 − 10 )
Calculate how much heat is required to raise  4.2 
the temperature of 2 moles of rock salt from 10 = 253 cal
K to 50 K
330. If liquefied oxygen at 1 atmospheric pressure is
(a) 800 J (b) 373 J heated from 50 K to 300 K by supplying heat at
(c) 273 J (d) None of these constant rate. The graph of temperature vs
Manipal UGET-2011 time will be
Ans. (c) : Given that,
Mole (n) = 2, K = 1940° Jmol–1K–1,
θ = 281 K, T1 = 10K, T2 = 50 K
Now,
dQ = nCdT
T3
dQ = nk dT
θ3
nk T2 3
θ3 ∫T1
Q= T dT

nk  T24 − T14 
=  
θ3  4  AIIMS-2012
2 × 1946 × ( 50 − 10
4 4
) Ans. (c) : We know that,
Q = Q = mc∆T
( 281)
3
×4 Q = mc(T – T0) ............(i)
= 272.79 J = 273 J Q = Kt whereas K is heating rate

542
The boiling point of oxygen is 90K. (a) 0.01 (b) 0.3
∴ Therefore, from 50 to boiling temperature, T (c) 0.09 (d) 0.1
increases linearly. WB JEE 2020
At vaporization, equation is Q = mL
Ans. (d) : Heat lost by boiling water = Heat gain by
So, temperature remains constant till vaporization is
cold water
complete.
After that, again equation (i) is followed and 100 × 1 × 80 = (300 + w)×1 × 10
temperature increases linearly w = 500 gram
331. A block of ice at temperature –20°C is slowly Where w is the water equivalent of calorimeter.
heated and converted to steam at 100°C. Which When the block is added
of the following diagram most appropriate? Total mass of water = 100 + 500 + 300
(a) (b) = 900 gram.
Heat lost by mixture = Heat gained by metallic block
∴ 900 × 1×(20 – 19) = 1000 × S×(19 – 10)
900 × 1 = 1000 × S × 9
S = 0.1
(c) (d) 334. The water equivalent of a calorimeter is 10 g
and it contains 50 g of water at 15°C. Some
amount of ice, initially at – 10°C is dropped in
it and half of the ice melts till equilibrium is
reached. What was the initial amount of ice
that was dropped (when specific heat of ice =
AMU-2008 0.5 cal gm–1 °C–1, specific heat of water = 1.0
Ans. (a) : When heat is supplied the temperature of ice calgm–1°C–1 and latent heat of melting of ice =
increase from − 20oC to 0oC. It is represented by a 80 cal gm–1)?
straight line inclined to heat axis at 0oC. The heat is used (a) 10 g (b) 18 g
in converting ice into the water at 0oC. It is represented (c) 20 g (d) 30 g
by horizontal straight portion after that, heat is supplied
to increase the temperature of water from 0oC to 100oC. It WB JEE 2018
is represented by a straight line to heat axis. At 100oC,Ans. (c) : Given that,
the heat is used in converting water into stream at 100oC. Water equivalent of a calorimeter = 10 g
It is represented by horizontal straight line. Let the mass of ice = m
332. 300 gm of water at 25°C is added to 100 gm of According to calorimetry principle,
ice at 0°C. The final temperature of the
mixture is mL
m × s1 × ∆t1 = m× s2 × ∆t2 +
(a) 12.5°C (b) 0°C 2
(c) 25°C (d) 50°C mL
WB JEE 2021 ( m1 + m 2 ) s1 (t1 − t) = + ms 2 (t − t 2 )
2
Ans. (b) : The heat required for 100 g of ice at 0°C m
Heat required, Q = mLf (10 + 50) × 1× (15 − 0) = × 80 + m × 0.5[0 − (−10)]
2
= 100 × 80 × 4.2
= 33, 600 J …..(i) 60 × 15
m= = 20g
The heat released by 300 g of water at 25°C to change 45
its temperature to 0°C is – 335. For air at room temperature, the atmospheric
Q = mc∆t pressure is 1.0 × 105 Nm–2 and density of air is
= 300 × 4.2 × 25 1.2 kgm–3. For a tube of length 1.0 m, closed at
= 31500 J …(ii) one end, the lowest frequency generated is 84
Since the energy in equation (ii) is less than of equation Hz. The value of γ (ratio of two specific heats)
(i) therefore the final temperature will be 0°C.
for air is
333. When 100 g of boiling water at 100°C is added (a) 2.1 (b) 1.5
into a calorimeter containing 300 g of cold
water at 10°C, temperature of the mixture (c) 1.8 (d) 1.4
becomes 20°C. Then, a metallic block of mass 1 WB JEE 2016
kg at 10°C is dipped into the mixture in the Ans. (d) : Given that,
calorimeter. After reaching thermal Atmosphere pressure (P) = 1 × 105 Nm–2
equilibrium, the final temperature becomes
19°C. What is the specific heat of the metal in ρair = 1.2 kgm–3
CGS unit? frequency (f) = 84 HZ

543
We know that, Ans. (c) Given that,
V mass of water (mw) = 19g
f=
4l mass of ice (mi) = 5g
According to Laplace correction- formula Specific heat of ice (Ci) = 0.5 cal g–1°C–1
Lf = 80 cal g–1
γP
V= Let final temperature of mixture = t
ρ
Now,
∵ V = 4fl Heat lost by water = Q1
γP Q1 = mw × Cw × ∆t
∴ = 4Fl
ρ Q1 = 19 × 1 × (30 – t)
Q1 = 570 – 19t
(4Fl ) 2 × ρ
γ= Heat taken by Ice = Q2
P
Q2 = m.ci ∆t + m.Lf + m.cw.t {∵ t = ∆t = t–0}
(84 × 4)2 ×1.2 = 5 × (.5) × 20 + 5 × 80 + 5 × 1 × t
γ= {l = 1m}
1× 105 Hence,
γ = 1.354 ≈ 1.4 According to principle of calorimetry
336. The specific heat C of a solid at low Q1 = Q2
temperature shows temperature dependence 5 × (.5) × 20 + 5 × 80 + 5t = 570 – 19t
according the relation C = DT3, where D is a
24t = 570 – 450
constant and T is the temperature is Kelvin. A
piece of this solid of mass m kg is taken and its t = 5 °C
temperature is raised from 20 K to 30 K. The 338. An experiment takes 10 minutes to raise
amount of heat required in the process in temperature of water from 0°C to 100°C and
energy units is another 55 minutes to convert it totally into
(a) 5 × 104 Dm (b) (33/4) × 104 Dm steam by a stabilized heater. The latent heat of
4
(c) (65/4) × 10 Dm (d) (5/4) × 104 Dm vaporization comes out to be
WB JEE 2013 (a) 530 cal/g (b) 540 cal/g
Ans. (c) : We know that, (c) 550 cal/g (d) 560 cal/g
dQ = mCdT WB JEE 2008
Q= ∫ dQ = ∫ mCdT Ans. (c) : Given that,
t =10 min, T = 0°C→100°C water
= ∫ mDT dT {∵given C = DT }
3 3
t = 55 min water → steam,
30K We know that,
∫ T dT
3
= mD Q = P.t
20K
m.s.∆t = P. t
30K
 T4  m.s (100 – 0) = P×(10)
= mD  
 4  20K ms (100) = P×(10) .....(i)
Again,
 304 204 
= mD  −  Q = (P)(t)
 4 4 
 mLv = (P)(55) .....(ii)
 810000 −160000  On dividing Eq. (i) and (ii) use get,
Q = mD  
 4  =
s(100) 10
= (∵ s = 1cal/g)
650000 Lv 55
= mD ×
4 Lv = 550 cal/g
65 339. When 500 kg of water is heated from 20°C to
Q = × 10 mD4

4 100°C, then the increase in mass of the water

337. 19 g of water at 30°C and 5 g of ice at -20°C are will be
mixed together in a calorimeter. What is the (a) 3.2 × 10–9 kg (b) 1.87 × 10–9 kg
–9
final temperature of the mixture? Given (c) 0.96 × 10 kg (d) 2.8 × 10–9 kg
specific heat of ice = 0.5 cal g–1 °C and latent UP CPMT-2013
heat of fusion of ice = 80 cal g–1.
Ans. (b) : Given that,
(a) 0°C (b) –5°C
(c) 5°C (d) 10°C m = 500 kg
WB JEE 2009 ∆T = (100 – 20) oC = 80 °C

544
We know that, Q
Specific heat capacity (c) =
E = m.s.∆T m∆T
= 500 × 4.2 × 103 × 80 2 × 105
= 40 × 4.2 × 106 =
0.5 × (100 − 0) C
Now, E = mc2
= 4 × 103 J/kg °C
E 40 × 4.2 × 106 = 4kJ/kg °C
m= =
c2 (3 × 108 ) 2 343. 50 g of ice at 0ºC is mixed with 50 g of water at
m = 1.87 × 10–9 kg 80ºC. If the latent heat of ice is 80 cal/g and
340. An electric fan is switched on in a closed room. specific heat of water is 1 cal/g ºC, then the
The air in the room is final temperature of mixture is
(a) cooled (a) 0ºC (b) 40ºC
(b) heated (c) 60ºC (d) 4ºC
(c) maintains its temperature TS EAMCET 28.09.2020, Shift-I
(d) heated or cooled depending on the Ans. (a) : Given that,
atmospheric pressure mass of ice at 0°C = 50 gm
UP CPMT-2006 mass of water at 80°C = 50gm
Latent heat of ice = 80 cal/gm
Ans. (b) : When electric fan is switched on in a closed
room then electrical energy converts in mechanical Specific heat of ice = 1 cal/gm
energy and because of that mechanical energy According to question,
converted into heat energy. So, air will be heated due to Heat required for melt 50g of ice
motion of the fan and speed of air molecules will Q1 = mLf
increase. = 50×80
We feel cold due to evaporation of our sweat. = 4000 cal
341. Two metal rods, rod-1 and rod-2 of equal Heat given out by water in cooling from- 80°C to 0°C is
length are welded together end-to- end. Under –
steady state conditions, when the free end of Q2 = ms∆t
the rod-1 is kept at 100ºC and the free end of = 50×1×80
the rod-2 is kept at 0º C, the temperature at the = 4000
welded junction is approximately Heat given by water is just sufficient to melt the whole
[ Thermal conductivity of rod-1=92Js-1 m-1K-1 ice. So the final temperature is 0°C.
and of rod-2=16Js-1 m-1K-1] 344. A cylinder consists of a gas mixture of Helium
(a) 85º C (b) 75º C and Oxygen. If the mass of Helium is 4 gm and
(c) 50º C (d) 95º C the mass of oxygen is 32 gm, then the ratio of
TS EAMCET(Medical)-2017 specific heat of the mixture ( Cp C v )
Ans. (a): We know that, (a) 2 / 3 (b) 3/ 2
KA∆T (c) 1 2 (d) 1 3
H=
L TS EAMCET 06.08.2021, Shift-II
According to question, Ans. (b) : We know that,
K1 ( T 1 – T ) = K2 ( T – T 2 ) n1C p 1 + n 2 C p 2
92 ( 100 – T) = 16 ( T – 0) γ mixture = …..(i)
o n1C v 1 + n 2 C v 2
Hence, T = 85 C
342. If the thermal energy of 2×105J is used to boil n = moles of Helium = 4 = 1
1
the water of 0.5 kg at 00C, then the specific heat 4
capacity of water is nearly equal to 32
n 2 moles of Oxygen = =1
(a) 4 J/kg °C (b) 40 J/kg °C 32
(c) 4 kJ/kg °C (d) 40 kJ/kg °C Helium is a monoatomic gas while oxygen is diatomic
TS EAMCET 31.07.2022, Shift-II gas.
Ans. (c) : Given that, 7R 5
5
Cp of O 2 = , Cp of He = R
Q = 2 × 10 J, m = 0.5 kg 2 2
We know that, 5R 3R
C v of O 2 = , C v of He =
Q = mc∆T 2 2

545
From equation (1) 3 3
(a) (b)
5R 7R 12R 5 7
1× + 1×
2 2 ⇒ 2 5 5
γ= (c) (d)
3R 5R 8R 7 9
1× + 1×
2 2 2 MP PMT-2009
3 Ans. (c) : Total heat energy supplied to raise
γ mixture =
2 temperature of a diatomic gas at constant pressure
345. 500 g of water is heated from 30ºC to 90ºC. = nCp∆T
What is the change in its internal energy? Total rise in internal energy = nCv∆T
(Specific heat of water is 4184 J kg-1K-1) Thus fraction of heat energy utilized in increasing the
(a) 1.25 × 105 J (b) 2.0 × 105 J nCv ∆T
(c) 1.3 × 10 J 4
(d) 2.0 × 104 J energy =
nCp ∆T
TS EAMCET 04.08.2021, Shift-II
Ans. (a) :Given, f
C
m = 500 gm = 0.5 kg v
= 2
C f
∆T = 90 – 30 = 60°C p
+1
2
C = 4184 J kg–1K–1
Where f is the number of degrees of freedom of the
∆Q
Specific heat (C) = gas.
m∆T
For diatomic gas, f = 5
∆U = ∆Q = mC∆T
5
= 0.5 × 4184 × 60 Thus, fraction =
7
= 30 × 4184
349. If the heat capacity of a body is inifinite, then
= 125520 = 1.25 × 105 J the body
346. The specific heat capacity of body depends on (a) gives out heat
(a) the heat given (b) taken in heat
(b) the temperature raised (c) shows no change in temperature
(c) mass of the body (d) All of these
(d) the material of the body
Assam CEE-2020
SRMJEEE - 2015
MP PMT-2013
Q SRM JEE-2018
Ans. (d) : Specific heat capacity S =
m∆T Ans. (c): If the heat capacity of a body is infinite then
if Q = 1 cal, ∆T = 1º C, m = 1kg the body shows no change in temperature because
i.e. the specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass infinite thermal conductivity corresponds to infinite heat
required to raise the temperature by one degree celsius. transfer rate that is no matters how thick is body.
The specific heat capacity of different materials is The temperature at the centre of body would reach to
different. surrounding temperature with in no time.
347. The mechanical equivalent of heat: 350. According to the theory of specific heats of
(a) has the same dimension as that of heat solids, at extremely low temperature, the
(b) has the same dimension as that of work specific heat S of a solid varies with absolute
(c) has the same dimension as that of energy temperature T as S=CT3 where C is a constant
(d) is dimensionless depending on the material of the solid. The
MP PET-2012 heat energy required to raise the temperature
of 0.1 kg of the solid from 0 K to 4 K is
Ans. (d) : The mechanical equivalent of heat (J)
(a) 4.2 Joule (b) 6.4 C Joule
Amount of work(W)
= (c) 8.4 C Joule (d) 12.6 C Joule
Unit of heat(Q) Assam CEE-2019
Putting these values we get Dimension/formula of Ans. (b) : Given, S = CT 3
Mechanical equivalent of heat (J) = [M0L0T0]
So, Mechanical equivalent of heat (J) is dimensionless. ∆Q = ∫ mSdT
4
348. A diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure.
What fraction of the heat energy is used to = ∫ mCT 3 dT
0
increase the internal energy.
546
 4 353. A lead bullet penetrates into a solid object and
 T4  melts. Assuming that 50% of its kinetic energy
∆Q = mC  
 4 0 was used to heat it, the initial speed of the
bullet is (the initial temperature of the bullet is
mC 25°C and its melting point is 300°C). Latent
= [256 − 0] (∵ m = 0.1)
4 heat of fusion of lead = 2.5 × 104 J/kg and
(0.1) specific heat capacity of lead = 125 J/kg-K
= (256) C Joule (a) 100 m/s (b) ≈ 490 m/s
4
= 6.4 C Joule. (c) 520 m/s (d) 360 m/s
JIPMER-2016
351. A gas with the ratio of specific heat γ expands
Ans. (b) : Given, Specific heat capacity of lead = 125
from an initial pressure of p1 and volume V1 to J/kg K
pressure p2 and volume V2, adiabatically. The Latent heat fusion of lead = 2.5 × 104 J/kg
work done is given by 1
p V − p2V 2 p V + p2V 2 Kinetic energy of bullet = mv 2
(a) 1 1 (b) 1 1 2
γ −1 γ −1 Heat required melting 50% of KE
p1V1 × p 2 V 2 50 1
(c) (d) None of above Q= × mv 2
γ −1 100 2
Assam CEE-2018 1
Q = mv 2
Ans. (a) : We know, work done in adiabatic process. 4
1 Heat required to melt = heat required to rise the
Wadia = (p1V1 − p 2 V2 ) temperature + heat required to melt = mS ∆t + mLf
γ −1
1
mv 2 = m × 125 ( 300 − 25 ) + m × 2.5 × 104
4
352. A gas in a closed container undergoes the cycle
1 2
ABCA as shown in the figure. The net heat v = 34375 + 25000
absorbed by the gas after it has completed 10 4
cycles is– v2
= 59375
4
v 2 = 4 × 59375
v = 237500
v = 487.34 m / sec
v ≃ 490 m / sec
354. A lead ball at 30°C is dropped from a height of
6.2 km. The ball is heated due to the air
resistance and it completely melts just before
reaching the ground. The molten substance
(a) –1.5 kJ (b) +1.5 kJ falls slowly on the ground. If the specific heat of
(c) +2.25 kJ (d) –2.25 kJ lead = 126 Jkg–1 oC–1 and melting point of
130°C and suppose that any mechanical energy
AP EAMCET-08.07.2022, Shift-I lost is used to heat the ball, then the latent heat
Ans. (a) : From first law of thermodynamics, of fusion of lead is
Q = ∆U + W ( For cyclic process, ∆U = 0) (a) 2.4 × 104 J kg–1 (b) 3.6 × 104 J kg–1
2 –1
For 1 cycle, Q = W (c) 7.6 × 10 J kg (d) 4.2 × 103 J kg–1
JIPMEER-2015
W = − (Area under the curve)
Ans. (d) : Let, m mass of ball
The direction is in Anti-clockwise that's why the
−negative sign is added.
1 
Q = −  × 20 ×15  J
 2 
Q = −150J
For 10 cycle, Q = −150J × 10
= − 1500J
Q = –1.5 kJ

547
 L = Latent heat of fusion of lead We know that,
Heat, Q1 = mC∆T mass 4 × 10−2
No. of mole, n = = ]
= m × 126 × (130–30) molecular mass 28
Heat, Q2 = m × L From equation (i) –
Qnet = Q1 + Q2 4
Qnet = m [126× 100 + L] Q= × 29.05 × 50kJ
100 × 28
Mechanical energy loss converted into heat
Q = 2.07 kJ ≃ 2 kJ
mgh = m [126× 100 + L]
357. If R be the universal gas constant then the
m× 10 × 6.2 × 103 = m [ 126 × 100 + L] amount of heat required to raise the
62000 = L+12600 temperature of 2 moles of monoatomic gas
L = 4.94×104 J/kg under isobaric condition from 0°C to 100 °C
355. Heat required to melt 1 g of ice is 80 cal. A man will be.
melts 60 g of ice by chewing in one minute. His (a) 150 R (b) 250 R
power is –––– (c) 300 R (d) 500 R
(a) 4800 W (b) 336 W AP EAMCET-06.09.2021, Shift-II
(c) 1.33 W (d) 0.75 W Ans. (d) : Given data
AP EAMCET-06.09.2021, Shift-I No of moles of monoatomic gas = 2 moles
Ans. (b) : Let, Q = Heat require to melt 60g ice Temperature T1 = 0o and T2 = 100oC
∴ For 1 g → 80 cal T1= (0+273)K, T2 = (100+273)K
60 g → Q cal And,
Q = 60 × 80 cal 5R
CP = (monoatomic gas)
2
We know that,
From isobaric process,
1 cal = 4.2 J
5R
Heat, Q = 60 × 80 × 4.2 J Q = nCP∆T = 2× ×(373–273)
2
Q (kJ) 60 × 80 × 4.2
Power P = = = 336 W Q = 500R
t (sec) 60
358. Match the following?
356. What amount of heat is to be supplied to 4 × Column I Column II
10-2 kg of Nitrogen at room temperature, to rise (i) Conversion of liquid (A) Regulation
its temperature by 50°C, at a constant into solid is
pressure? (R = 8.3 kJ. mol-1. K-1 and molecular
(ii) Conversion of liquid (B) Sublimation
weight of nitrogen is 28) into vapor is
(a) 2 kJ (b) 3 kJ
(iii) Conversion of solid (C) Fusion
(c) 4 kJ (d) 5 kJ into vapor directly is
AP EAMCET-06.09.2021, Shift-II
(iv) Melting of ice caused (D) Vaporization
Ans. (a) : Given, mass of nitrogen (m) = 4 × 10–2 kg by pressure is
We know that (a) (i–C), (ii–D), (iii–B), (iv–A)
Q = nCpT …..(i) (b) (i–A), (ii–C), (iii–D), (iv–B)
and Cp – Cv = R (c) (i–D), (ii–B), (iii–A), (iv–C)
Then, (d) (i–D), (ii–B), (iii–A), (iv–C)
Cp – Cv = R AP EAMCET-23.08.2021, Shift-II
CV R  CP  Ans. (a) :
1– = ∵γ =  Conversion of liquid into solid is – Fusion
CP CP  C V 
Conversion of liquid into vapour – Vaporization
1 R Conversion of solid into vapour – Sublimation
1– =
γ CP directly is

{ }
Melting of ice caused by pressure is – Regulation.
5 8.3 14 7
1– = 7 N isdiatomic, So, γ = 359. 50 g of copper is heated to increase its
7 Cp 5 temperature by 10°C. If the same quantity of
2 8.3 heat is given to 10 g of water, the rise in
= temperature is _______(specific heat of Cu=
7 Cp 420 J kg–1 °C–1 and specific heat of water is
CP = 29.05 kJ mol–1 K–1 4200 J kg–1 °C–1)

548
 (a) 6°C (b) 10°C Ans. (a) : We know that,
(c) 5°C (d) 15°C 1
AP EAMCET-23.08.2021, Shift-II Rate of cooling ∝
specific heat (C)
Ans. (c) : Given, mass of copper, mcu = 50 g and mass ∵ Specific heat of oil (Coil) < Specific heat of water
of water mw = 10 g. (Cwater)
Increase in temperature of copper = 10 °C (Rate of cooling)oil > (Rate of cooling)water
Specific heat of copper (Ccu) = 420 J/kg °C
And specific heat of water (Cw) = 4200 J/kg °C
We know that,
Heat absorbed by Copper = heat absorbed by water
And
Heat absorbed= mass ×specific heat × temperature
mcu × Ccu × ∆T = mw × Cw × ∆T So, we can say that at a particular time after starting
50 × 420 ×10°C = 10 × 4200 × ∆T cooling, temperature of oil will be less than that of
∆T = 5°C water. From figure, it is clear that graph B represents
the cooling curve of oil and A represents the cooling
360. Two taps supply water to a container, one at curve of water.
the temperature of 20ºC at the rate of 2
362. A 2kg copper block is heated to 500oC and then
kg/minute and another at 80ºC at the rate of 1 it is placed on a large block of ice at 0oC. If the
kg/minute. If the container gets water from the specific heat capacity of copper is 400 J/kgoC
two taps simultaneously for 10 minutes, then and latent heat of fusion of water is
the temperature of water in the container is 3.5×105J/kg. The amount of ice that can melt
(a) 35ºC (b) 30ºC is–
(c) 50ºC (d) 40ºC (a) 7/8 kg (b) 7/5 kg
(e) 45ºC (c) 8/7 kg (d) 5/7 kg
Kerala CEE 2020 BCECE-2011
Ans. (d) : According to principal of calorimeter, Ans. (c) : Given that,
Heat gain = Heat lost Mass of copper, mCu = 2 kg
m1C(T1 – T) =m2C (T – T2) ∆T = 500oC – 0oC = 500oC
Where, m1 = Rate of water flow from tap 1 Specific heat of copper, SCu = 400 J/kg oC
m2 = Rate of water flow from tap 2 Latent heat of water, L = 3.5 × 105 J/kg
T1 = Temperature of water from tap 1 By principle of calorimeter,
T2 = Temperature of water from tap 2 Heat lost by copper = Heat gained by ice
2C (20 –T) = C (T – 80) mCu.SCu(∆T) = mice L
40 + 80 = 3T 2 × 400 × 500 = mice × 3.5 × 105
T = 40oC 2 × 400 × 500
mice =
361. Water and turpentine oil (specific heat less 3.5 ×105
than that of water) are both heated to same 8
= kg
temperature. Equal amounts of both are then 7
placed in identical calorimeters and then left in363. A lead bullet penetrates into a solid object and
air melts. Assuming that 40% of its kinetic energy
is used to heat it, the initial speed of bullet is:
(Given, initial temperature of the bullet =
127oC, melting point of the bullet = 327oC,
Latent heat of fusion of lead = 2.5×104 Jkg–1,
specific heat capacity of lead = 125 J/kg K)
(a) 125 ms−1 (b) 500 ms−1
(c) 250 ms−1 (d) 600 ms−1
JEE Main-27.06.2022, Shift-II
(a) A and B will represent cooling curves of
water and oil respectively Ans. (b) : Given,
(b) B and A will represent cooling curves of Heat change, ∆Q = 40% of K.E.
water and oil respectively KE × 40 KE × 4
= =
(c) their cooling curves will be identical 100 10
(d) None of the above 2
∆Q = KE ...( i )
BCECE-2012 5
549
 Ti = 127 + 273 = 400 K Ans. (c) : Given,
Tf = 327 + 273 = 600 K Mass of steam, m = 1kg
∆T = Tf − Ti = 600 K − 400 K = 200 K
Heat is required to take the bullet from 127oC to 327oC
Heat, Q1 = mc∆T = m × 125 × 200 = m × 2.5 × 104
Heat is required to melt the bullet,
Q2 = m × Latent heat = m × 2.5 × 104
∵ ∆Q = Q1 + Q 2 = m × 2.5 × 104 + m × 2.5 ×10 4
2
From equation (i), ∆Q = × KE
5
2 1 Temperature of steam chamber = 150°C
m ( 2.5 ×104 + 2.5 × 104 ) = × mv 2
5 2 Steam condense in copper coil at temperature = 90°C
1 2 Latent heat of steam = 540 cal g–1
2 × 2.5 × 10 = v
4

5 Specific heat of the steam = 1 cal g–1 °C–1

5 × 104 × 5 = v 2 Now,
v2 = 250000
v = 500 m/s
364. A calorimeter contains 0.5 kg of water at 30oC.
When 0.3 kg of water at 60oC is added to it, the We know that,
resulting temperature is found to be 40oC. The Heat loss by steam = Heat gain by water
water equivalent of the calorimeter is (msteamC∆T)1 + mL + (mC∆T)2 = mwater × C × ∆Twater
(a) 0.25 kg (b) 0.1 kg 1 × 1 × (150 – 100) + 1 × 540 + 1 × 1 × (100 – 90)
(c) 0.2 kg (d) 0.25 kg
= 20 × 1 × ∆Twater
AP EAMCET (17.09.2020) Shift-I
50 + 540 + 10 = 20 × ∆Twater
Ans. (b): Given that,
Temperature of cold water, T1 = 30oC 600
(∆T) water =
Mass of cold water ,m1 = 0.5kg = 500 g 20
Temperature of hot water, T2 = 60oC (∆T)water = 30°C
Mass of hot water, m2 = 0.3kg = 300 g 366. An ideal gas with specific heat ratio (γ = 5/3) is
Resulting temperature of mixture , T3 = 40oC originally of pressure P0 and volume V0. If it
So, According to the principle of calorimeter,
expands adiabatically to final volume Vl, what
Heat lost by warm water = heat gained by cold water +
is the work done (W) by the gas in this process?
heat gained by the colorimeter.
Hence, Q2 = Q1 + Q3  1

3P0 V0   V0  2 
m2.s.∆T = m1.s.∆T + W.s.∆T (a) W = 1−  
{specific heat, s = 1 for water} 2   V1  
 
m2 (T2 –T3) = m1 (T3 – T1) + W (T3 – T1)
300 (60o–40o) = 500 (40o–30o)+W (40o–30o)  1

2P0 V0   V0  2 
300×20 = 500×10+10W (b) W = 1−  
3   V1  
6000 = 5000 + 10W  
10W = 6000–5000
 2

10W = 1000 2P0 V0   V0  3 
(c) W = 1−  
W = 100 g 3   V1  
100  
W= = 0.1kg
1000  2

3P0 V0   V0  3 
365. 1 kg of stream at 150oC is passed from a steam (d) W = 1−  
chamber is to a copper coil immersed in 20 L of 2   V1  
 
water. The steam condenses in the coil and is
returned to the steam chamber as water at SCRA-2011
90oC. Latent heat of steam is 540 calg–1, specific Ans. (d) : Given,
heat of the steam is 1 cal g–1 °C–1. Then, the rise Specific heat ratio (γ) = 5/3
in temperature of water is
Original pressure = Po
(a) 75 oC (b) 60 oC
o
(c) 30 C (d) 20 oC Original volume = Vo
AP EAMCET (17.09.2020) Shift-I Process expands adiabatically

550
We know that, P1V1 − P2 V2
∆ Q = mCvdT +
n −1
3 PV −P V
= m × R ( T2 − T1 ) + 1 1 2 2
2 n −1
Ideal gas equation,
PV = mRT P2V2–P1V1 = mR(T2–T1)
3 PV −P V
∴ ∆ Q = ( P2 V2 − P1V1 ) + 1 1 2 2
2 2
For adiabatic process, 3P2 V2 − 3P1V1 + P1V1 − P2 V2
∆Q=
PVγ = constant 2
P oV oγ = P 1V 1γ 2 ( P2 V2 − P1V1 )
∆Q =
P Vγ 2
P1 = 0 γ 0 …. (i)
V1 ∆ Q = P2 V2 − P1V1 ......(i)
Work done under adiabatic process Now , the process is polytropic
P V −PV PV3 = Constant
W= o o 1 1 ….(ii) ∴ P1V13 = P2 V23
γ −1
3
From the value of equation (i) substitute in equation (ii), V 
we get, ∴ P2 = P1  1  ______(ii)
γ
 V2 
V 
P0 V0 − P0  0  .V1
 V1  Using eqn (ii) in eqn(i), we get
W=
γ −1
3
  V  γ −1  V 
P0 V0 1 −  0   ∆ Q = P1  1  .V2 − P1V1
  V1    V2 
W=
γ −1  V  2 
∆ Q = P1V1  1  − 1
  V 5 / 3−1   V2  
P0 V0 1 −  0  
  V1   368. Two identical blocks of ice move in opposite
W=
(5 / 3 − 1) directions with equal speed and collide with
each other. What will be the minimum speed
3   V 2 / 3 
W = P0 V0 1 −  0   required to make both the blocks melt
2   V1   completely, if the initial temperatures of the
blocks were – 8°C each?
367. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas expands (Specific heat of ice is 2100 Jkg–1 K–1 and latent
along the polytrope PV3 = constant from V1 to heat of fusion of ice is 3.36 × 105 Jkg–1)
V2 at a constant pressure P1. The temperature
(a) 840 ms–1 (b) 420 ms–1
during the process is such that molar specific –1
(c) 8.4 ms (d) 84 ms–1
3R
heat Cv = . The total heat absorbed during WB JEE 2019
2
Ans. (a) : Given,
the process can be expressed as
Velocity of ice block1 = Velocity of ice block2
 V2   V2  Initial Temperature = –80 C
(a) P1V1  12 + 1 (b) P1V1  12 − 1
 V2   V2  Specific heat of ice = 2100 J kg-1K-1
Latent heat of Fusion of ice = 3.36 × 105JKg-1
 V3  V 
(c) P1V1  12 − 1 (d) P1V2  1 − 1 We know that,
 V2   V2  Total kinetic Energy = Heat Loss
WB JEE 2022 1
2 × mu 2 = 2mC∆T + 2mL
Ans. (b) : Mass of ideal gas = 1 mole 2
3 u 2 = 2C∆T + 2L
Molar specific heat (Cv) = R
2 u = 2C∆T + 2L
We know that,
From 1st Law of thermodynamics ∴ u = 2 × 2100 × 8 + 2 × 3.36 ×105
∆Q = ∆U + ∆W ∴ u = 840ms −1

551
369. What will be the molar specific heat at constant (a) 12.0 (b) 10.5
volume of an ideal gas consisting of rigid (c) 1.02 (d) 1.24
diatomic molecules?
TS EAMCET (Engg.)-2016
3 5
(a) R (b) R Ans. (d) : Given data-
2 2 Latent heat in fusion of ice (L) = 3.36×105 J kg–1
(c) R (d) 3R
WB JEE 2019 Mass of given sample (m) = 4.8 kg
Ans. (b) : As we know that molar specific heat at Thickness of slab (x) = 0.1m
fR Area of slab = 0.36m2
constant volume C v = (Where f is the degree of Time, t = 1 hour = 60 × 60 sec
2
freedom). Temperature difference (∆θ) = 100°C
Now, for diatomic molecules , f = 5 Using Fourier law of conduction,
5 Q KA∆θ
∴ Cv = R =
2 t l
Degree of Freedom - Degrees of freedom (DoF) is the 4.8 × 3.36 × 105 K × 3600 × 10 –4 × 100
number of independent variables that define the =
possible positions or motions of a mechanical system in 60 × 60 10 ×10 –2
space. For a diatomic gas, there are five degrees of {∵ Heat, Q = mL}
freedom, three translational and two rotational.
K × 36
du d 5  0.00448×105 =
Cv = =  RT  10 –1
dT dT  2 
448 = 360K
5R
Cv = 448
2 K= = 1.24 Js –1 m –1K –1
370. 1 gm. of water (≡1 cm3) when boiled at 1 360
atmospheric pressures requires 169 J of energy K = 1.24 J s –1m –1K –1
to get converted into steam. Which of the
following gives the volume of the converted 372. 1 g of water at 100°C is completely converted
steam if latent heat of vaporization of water is into steam at 100°C. 1g of steam occupies a
540 cal/g?
volume of 1650 cc. (Neglect the volume of 1 g of
(a) 1560 cm3 (b) 1671 cm3
(c) 1571 cm 3
(d) 1600 cm3 water at 100°C). At the pressure of 105 N/m2,
WB JEE-2007 latent heat of steam is 540 call/g (1 calorie = 4.2
joules).The increase in the increase in the
Ans. (b) : Given,
internal energy (in joule) is.
Energy (∆U) = 169J
From 1st Law of thermodynamics, (a) 2310 (b) 2103
∆Q = ∆U + ∆W (c) 1650 (d) 2150
TS EAMCET (Engg.)-2015
∵ ∆U = 0 for constant temperature process, because
Ans. (b) : Given,
internal energy is a function of temperature only for
ideal gas. Mass of water = 1g
∆Q = ∆W Temperature of water = 100ºC
∆Q = P∆V Mass of steam = 1g
169 = 1.013 × 10 × (V2 − V1 ) × 10
5 −6 Temperature of steam = 100ºC
Steam occupies = 1650 cm3
169 = 1.013 × 10−1 × (V2 − 1)
Latent heat of steam = 540 cal/g
169 Applying first law of thermodynamics,
V2 − 1 =
1.013 × 10−1 dQ = dU + dW
V2 − 1 = 1668.31 dU = dQ – dW
V2 = 1669.31cm3 ∵ dQ = mL
V2 ≃ 1671cm3 dQ = 1 × 540 × 4.2 J
371. A slab of stone area 3600 cm2 and thickness 10 = 2268 J
cm is exposed on the lower surface to steam at ∴ dU = 2268 – PdV
100oC. A block of ice at 0oC rest on upper surface
of the slab. In one hour 4.8 kg of ice is melted. = 2268 – 105 × 1650 × 10–6
The thermal conductivity of the stone in Js–1 m– = 2268 – 165
1 –1
K is (Latent heat of ice = 3.36×105 J/kg) dU = 2103 J
552
373. A thermos flask contains 250 g of coffee at 3R 8P0 V0
90°C. To this 20 g of milk at 5°C is added. After ∆U = n × ×
equilibrium is established, the temperature of 2 nR
∆U = 12 P0V0
the liquid is (Assume no heat loss to the
thermos bottle. Take specific heat of coffee and ( 3P0 – P0 ) 4V0 × 2P0
∆W = (3V0 + V0) × = = 4P0 V0
milk as 1.00 cal/g°C] 2 2
(a) 3.23°C (b) 3.15°C ∴ ∆Q = ∆U + ∆W
(c) 83.7°C (d) 37.8°C ∆Q = 12P0V0 + 4P0V0
TS EAMCET (Engg.)-2015
∆Q = 16P0 V0
Ans. (c) : Given,
Temperature of milk =5ºC 375. 176 grams of CO2 can change its temperature
Temperature of coffee =90ºC from 0ºC to 30ºC by absorbing 3600 joules of
Mass of milk = 20g thermal energy. Molar specific heat of CO2 in j.
Mass of coffee = 250g mol–1K–1 is
We know that, (a) 30 (b) 40
Heat loss by coffee = Heat gained by milk (c) 50 (d) 60
QCoffee = QMilk TS EAMCET 19.07.2022, Shift-II
mc × sc × (∆Tc) = mm sm (∆Tm) Ans. (a) : Given, Mass of CO2 = 176 grams
0.25×1×(Tc–T) = 0.02×1×(T–5) Change in temp. ∆t = 30°C – 0° = 30°C
1 Q = 3600 Joules
×1×(90 – T) = 0.02 (T– 5) We know,
4
90 –T = 0.08T– 0.4 Heat, Q = mC ∆t
1.08T = 90.4 3600 = 176 C × 30
90.4 3600 3600
T= = 83.70°C Specific heat, C = =
1.08 176 × 30 5280
∵ Molecular weight of CO2 = 1 mole of CO2=44 g
374. A quantity of monoatomic gas undergoes a
process in which pressure is changed linearly Then, molar specific heat of CO2 = nC
with volume. The pressure and volume are 3600
= 44× = 30J / mol K
changed from initial value (P0 V0) to final value 5280
(3P0 3V0) The heat absorbed by the gas during
376. A solution consists of ether and 5.0 g of water
the process is
at 0º C. If the ether evaporates completely to
(a) 8 P0V0 (b) 12 P0V0 freeze the water, then the mass of the ether in
(c) 16 P0V0 (d) 20 P0V0 the solution is
TS EAMCET 19.07.2022, Shift-I (a) 5 g (b) 4 g
Ans. (c) : Given, (c) 4.5 g (d) 6 g
Initial value of pressure and volume = (P0 V0) TS EAMCET 19.07.2022, Shift-II
Final value of pressure and volume = (3P0 3V0) Ans. (c) : Given data-
If temperatures of state A and state B of the gas are T1 mass of water (mw) = 5g
and T2 then, For water, latent heat = 80 cal/g
P0V0 = nRT1 Latent heat of ether = 90 cal/g
PV mass of ether (me) = ?
T1 = 0 0
nR ∵ Heat loss by water = Heat gain by ether
and, 3 P0×3V0 = nRT2 mw × Lw = me × Le
9P V 5×80 = me × 90
T2 = 0 0
nR 5 × 80 40
me = = = 4.4 ≈ 4.5g
9P V P V 90 9
∴ T2 – T1 = 0 0 – 0 0
nR nR 377. Find the difference in temperature between the
8P0 V0 water at the top and the bottom of 20 m high
T2 – T1 = waterfall assuming 10% of the energy of fall is
nR
∆U = Amount of heat absorbed by n mole gas at spent in heating the water
constant volume [Use specific heat capacity of water = 4000 J
kg–1K–1 and g = 10 m/s2]
∆U = nCv (T2– T1)
(a) 0.002°C (b) 0.004°C
 3R  (c) 0.005°C (d) 0.006°C
∵ for monoatomicgas,C v = 
 2  TS EAMCET 20.07.2022, Shift-I

553
Ans. (c) : Given, 379. Which of the following statements is NOT
Height of water fall = 20m. true?
Specific heat = 4000 Jkg–1k–1 (a) Specific heat capacity is dependent on nature
of substance but independent of its quantity
g = 10 m/s2
(b) Specific heat capacity depends on
We know that, temperature
Kinetic energy of falling water = Potential energy of (c) Specific heat capacity of water doesn't vary
water at the top (mgh) with temperature
According to question, 10% energy of fall is spent in (d) The SI unit of specific heat capacity is
heating the water, JK −1kg −1
mgh × 10% = mc∆t TS EAMCET 20.07.2022, Shift-II
10 Ans. (c) : Specific heat, the quantity of heat required to
gh × = c∆t
100 raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one
degree celsius.
gh
= c∆t Specific heat capacity is dependent on nature of
10 substance but independent of its quantity. Heat capacity
10 × 20 depends on temperature. The SI unit of specific heat
= 4000 × ∆t capacity is JK–1kg–1.
10
380. Statement I : A device in which heat
20 measurement can be made is called
Change in temperature, ∆t = = 0.005  C
4000 calorimeter.
378. The time required to raise the temperature of 3 Statement II : Skating is possible on snow
litre of water from 0°C to 80°C by a heater due to the formation of water below the skates.
operated under 200 V having resistance of 50 Water is formed due to the increase of
Ω is temperature and ice melts.
[specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg–1K– Statement III : Two bodies at different
temperature are mixed in a calorimeter. Total
] [density of water = 1000 kg/m3] internal energy of the two bodies remains
(a) 12 min (b) 18 min conserved.
(c) 21 min (d) 24 min Which of the following is correct ?
TS EAMCET 20.07.2022, Shift-II (a) Statements I, II and III are true
Ans. (c) : Given data, (b) Statements I is true, but Statements II and III
V = 3 litre = 3×10–3m3 are false
∆t = 80°C – 0°C = 80°C (c) Both Statements I and II are true, but
Statements III is false
Voltage (V) = 200V
(d) Both Statements I, III are true, but Statements
R = 50 Ω II is false
s = 4200 Jkg–1K–1 TS EAMCET 20.07.2022, Shift-II
ρ = 1000kg/m3 Ans. (d) : Statement I - True-
The heat required to raise the temperature of a body is A device in which heat measurement can be
given by, made is called calorimeter. The types of calorimeters
Q = ms∆t are differential scanning calorimeters, titration
∵ m = ρV = 1000×3×10–3 = 3kg calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters and
accelerated rate calorimeters.
Q = 3×4200×80
Statement-II - False
We know that,
Explain- While skating, a person pressure the snow
 V downward with his weight, i.e. increase pressure on
Power, P = VI ∵ I = R  snow below the skates. We are applying pressure on the
ice with skating blades, the ice will turn to water
200
P = 200 × wherever we are applying pressure and this water
50 formed will act as lubricant of smooth movement of the
P = 800 blades. So statement II is false.
Energy is given as Q = E Statement-III - True
E=P×t Since, E = P×T Explanation- When two bodies at different
3×4200×80 = 800×t temperatures are mixed, then the body at higher
temperature releases heat while the body at lower
3 × 4200 × 80 temperature absorbs it. So that heat loss is equal to the
t= minute
800 × 60 heat gained. Thus calorimeter represents the law of
Time, t = 21 minute conservation of heat energy.

554
381. A metallic bullet of mass 1 g is shot at speed of 208
100 ms–1 into a wooden wall. The metal has m=
3.4 ×105
specific heat of 200 J/(kg-°C). Assuming all the
internal energy generated by the impact 2.08 × 102
=
remains with the bullet, the temperature 3.4 × 105
change of the bullet is = 0.61 × 10–3
(a) 25° C (b) 40° C = 61×10–2×10–3
(c) 200° C (d) 20° C m = 61×10–5 kg/sec
TS EAMCET 08.05.2019, Shift-I
383. A diatomic gas (γ = 1.4) does 400 J of work
Ans. (a) : Given, when it is expanded isobarically. The heat
m = 1g = 10–3 kg given to the gas in the process is _____ J.
v = 100 m/s JEE Main-27.06.2022, Shift-II
Specific heat, s = 200J/kg°C
Ans. (1400) : Given data-
According to law of conservation of energy,
γ = 1.4
Change in kinetic energy = change in internal energy
W = 400 J
1
mv2 = ms∆t fR
2 ∵ Cv =
1 2
× 10−3 ×100 ×100 = 10−3 × 200 × ∆t We know that.
2
1 100 × 100 PV = nRT [ for isobaric, P = constant ]
∆t = ×
2 200 So,
Work done, W = P .∆V
∆t = 25 C
W = nR∆T
382. An ice cube of dimensions 60 cm × 50 cm × 20
[∵Where n is the number of moles]
cm is placed in an insulation box of wall
thickness 1 cm. The box keeping the ice cube at 400 = nR∆T
0°C of temperature is brought to a room of 400
temperature 40°C. The rate melting of ice is ∆T =
nR
approximately: (latent heat of fusion of ice is
3.4 × 105 J kg–1 and thermal conducting of The degree of freedom for a diatomic gas is 5. The
insulation wall is 0.05 Wm–1 °C–1) value of specific heat constant for diatomic gas at
(a) 61 × 10–3 kg s–1 (b) 61 × 10–5 kg s–1 constant volume
(c) 208 kg s –1
(d) 30 × 10–5 kg s–1 fR 5R
Cv = = [∵ Degree of freedom (f) = 5]
JEE Main-26.07.2022, Shift-II 2 2
Ans. (b) : Given data- ∵ Cp – C v = R
Dimensions of cube = 60 cm × 50 cm × 20 cm ∴ Cp = R + Cv
So, Area of cube (A) = 2 (0.6×0.5+0.5×0.2+0.2×0.6)
5R
= 2 (0.3+0.1+0.12) =R+
2
= 2(0.52)
A = 1.04 m2 7R
Cp =
l = 1 cm = 1×10–2 m 2
Thermal conducting of insulation will (K)=0.05Wm–1 The heat given to the gas in the process,
°C–1. Q = nCP∆T
∆T = 40°C – 0°C = 40°C 7R 400
Q= n ×
We know that, 2 nR
l 1× 10 –2 Q = 1400 J
Thermal Resistance, Rth = = = 0.192
KA 0.05 ×1.04 384. A geyser heats water flowing at a rate of 2.0 kg
Rate of change of heat transfer, per minute from 30ºC to 70ºC. If geyser
dQ ∆T ∆T 40 operates on a gas burner, the rate of
= = = = 208 J / s combustion of fuel will be –––––– g min–1
dt  l  R th 0.192
  [Heat of combustion = 8 ×103 Jg–1,
 KA 
Specific heat of water = 4.2 Jg–1 ºC–1]
Heat, Q = mL  Latent heat, L = 3.4 ×105 Jkg –1  JEE Main-26.06.2022, Shift-II

555
Ans. (42) : Given, Ans. (c) : Given,
Mass, m = 2000 g Mass of iron nail, m = 100g = 0.1 kg
∆T = 70°C – 30°C = 40°C Mass of hammer, M = 1.5 kg
Specific heat, S = 4.2 Jg–1°C–1 Velocity, v = 60 m/s
Heat of Combustion (L) = 8×103 Jg–1 Specific heat, C = 0.42 Jg–1 °C–1
We know that, According to question,
Heat required by water/min = mS∆T 1
Heat energy = × kinetic energy
= 2000×4.2×40 4
= 336000 J/min 1 1
mc∆T = × Mv 2
dm 4 2
Rate of combustion = ×L
dt 1 1
0.1×420×∆T = × × 1.5 × ( 60 )
2

dm 4 2
336000 J/min = × 8 × 103 Jg –1
dt 675
Change in temp. ∆T = = 16.07  C
dm 336000 42
= g / min 387. A steam engine intakes 50 g of steam at 100°C
dt 8 ×103
per minute and cools it down to 20°C. If latent
dm heat of vaporization of steam is 540 cal g–1, then
= 42 g / min
dt the heat rejected by the steam engine per
Q minute is ______ × 103 cal. (specific heat C =
385. A monatomic gas performs a work of where 1cal g–1 °C–1)
4
Q is the heat supplied to it. The molar heat JEE Main-25.06.2022, Shift-I
capacity of the gas will be_____R during this Ans. (31) : Given data-
transformation. C = 1 cal g–1 °C–1, T1 = 100°C
Where R is the gas constant. T2 = 20°C, L = 540 cal/g, m = 50 g
JEE Main-24.06.2022, Shift-II As we know that,
Ans. (2) : Given, Total heat rejected = Sensible heat + Latent heat
Q QR = mC∆T + mL
Work done = QR = 50 × 1 × (100 – 20) + 50 × 540
4
QR = 4000+27000
Let, amount of heat = Q
QR = 31000
We know that,
QR = 31×103 cal
According to first law of thermodynamic,
388. A copper block of mass 5.0 kg is heated to a
∆Q = ∆W + ∆U
temperature of 500°C and is placed on a large
Q 3Q ice block. What is the maximum amount of ice
∵ ∆U = Q – =
4 4 that can melt?
For monoatomic gas, [Specific heat of copper : 0.39 J g–1 °C–1 and
3 latent heat of fusion of water : 335 J g–1]
∆U = nRT (a) 1.5 kg (b) 5.8 kg
2
(c) 2.9 kg (d) 3.8 kg
3Q 3 JEE Main-25.06.2022, Shift-II
= nRT
4 2 Ans. (c) : Given,
Q = 2 nRT Mass of copper block (m) = 5 kg = 5000g
Again Q = nCpdT Temperature in rise of the copper (∆T) = 500°C
(Where, Cp is molar heat capacity at constant pressure) Specific heat of copper (C) = 0.39 J g–1 °C–1
∴ 2nRT = nCpdT Latent heat of fusion of water (L) = 335J g–1
Cp = 2R Mass of ice, M = ?
386. A 100 g of iron nail is hit by a 1.5kg hammer Heat gained by ice = Heat lost by copper
striking at a velocity of 60 ms -1 What will be ML = mC ∆T
the rise in the temperature of the nail if one mC ∆T
fourth of energy of the hammer goes into M=
heating the nail? L
[specific heat capacity of iron=0.42jg-1ºC-1] 5000 × 0.39 × 500
=
(a) 675ºC (b) 1600ºC 335
(c) 16.07ºC (d) 6.75 ºC = 2910.45g
JEE Main-24.06.2022, Shift-II = 2.9kg

556
389. A block of ice of mass 120 g at temperature 0°C (a) 80 cal g–1 (b) 540 cal g–1
is put in 300 gm of water at 25°C. The xg of ice (c) 60 cal g–1 (d) 90 cal g–1
melts as the temperature of the water reaches
0°C. The value of x is AP EAMCET-25.04.2018, Shift-II
[Use: Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 Ans. (d) : Applying the law of calorimetry,
Jkg–1K–1, Latent heat of ice = 3.5 × 105 Jkg–1] Heat lost by water + Heat lost by flask = Heat gain by
JEE Main-25.07.2022, Shift-II ice
Ans. (90) Given that, 200× 1 ×(70 – 40) + 1×c × (70 – 40)=50 × L + 50 × 1×
Specific heat capacity of water (Cw) = 4200 Jkg–1 K–1
Lice = 3.5 × 105 J/kg (40 – 0)
Mass of block of ice = 120 gram = 120 × 10–3 kg 200 × 30 + c × 30 = 50L + 50 × 40
Mass of water (Mw) = 300gm = 300 × 10–3 kg 5L – 3c = 400 .........(i)
Mass of ice, Mice = x g When further 80 gram ice has been added
Tw = 25ºC 250 × 1× (40 – 10) + 1× c × (40 – 10) = 80L+80 × 1 ×
Tice = 0ºC (10 – 0)
∵ Heat absorbed = Heat gain 8L – 3c = 670 .....(ii)
Mw × Cw × ∆T = Mice × Lice On solving equation (i) and (ii), Equation(ii) Subtracted
300 × 10–3 × 4200 × 25 = x × 3.5 × 105 by Equation (i)
31500 = x × 3.5 × 102 8L – 3c – 5L + 3c = 670 – 400
31500 3L = 270
x=
3.5 ×102 270
x = 90 g L =
3
390. A cylinder containing one gram molecule of the
gas was compressed adiabatically until its L = 90 cal/gram
temperature rose from 27oC to 97oC. The heat 392. A 15 kW drilling machine is used to drill a bore
produced in the gas will be (Given γ = 1.5) in a small alumininium block of mass 10 kg.
(a) 112 cal (b) 167 cal Assuming 50% power is used up in heating the
(c) 220 cal (d) 276 cal machine itself or lost to the surroundings, then
Assam CEE-2020 the rise in temperature of the block in 2
Ans. (d) : Given that, minutes is
Ti= 27ºC
(Specific heat capacity of alumimium = 0.91 Jg–
Tf = 97ºC 1
°C–1)
γ = 1.5
n =1 (a) 108 °C (b) 88.9 °C
R = 8.31 J/mol K (c) 108.8 °C (d) 98.9 °C
For compressed adiabatically process AP EAMCET (Medical)-24.04.2019, Shift-I
nR(Tf – Ti ) Ans. (d) : Given that,
Work done (W) =
1– γ P = 15 KW = 15 × 103 W
1× 8.31 × (97º C – 27º C) m = 10 kg t = 2 min = 120second
=
1 – 1.5 Specific heat (c) = 0.91 Jg–1 ºC–1
1× 8.31 × 70 Total Energy of the drilling machine = P × t
=
–0.5 = 15 × 103 × 120
W = – 11.63 × 102 J = 1800 × 103
11.63 × 10 2
= 18 × 105 J
∴ Heat produced (Q) =
4.18 Given that only 50% of the power is useful
Q = 278.32 cal
50 90 × 105
Q ≈ 276 cal ∆Q = × 18 × 105 = = 9 × 105 Joule
100 10
391. Ice at 0 °C is added to 200 g of water initially at
70 °C in a flask. When 50 g of ice has been Heat change, ∆Q = mc ∆T
added to it and is melted completely then the ∆Q
temperature of flask and contents becomes 40 ⇒ ∆T =
°C. When a further 80 g of ice is added and mc
melted completely, the temperature of whole 9 × 105
system becomes 10 °C. Neglecting the heat lost ∆T = 3
10 × 10 × 0.91
to the surroundings, the latent heat of fusion of
ice is _______ ∆T = 98.9 ºC

557
393. The work-done on the system in changing the Ans. (a) : According to the equipartition of energy
state of a gas adiabatically from equilibrium molecules of a solid Vibrate in three dimensions
state A to equilibrium state B is 32.4 J. If the E s = 3 KB T
gas is taken from state A to B through another So, the total energy in one mole of solids given as
process in which the net heat absorbed by the
U = 3 NA KB T = 3 RT
system is 13.5 cal, then the net work-done by
the system in the later case is Molar specific heat of the solid,
(1 cal = 4.2 J) U 3RT
C= =
(a) 32.4 J (b) 56 J T T
(c) 14.3 J (d) 24.3 J C = 3R
AP EAMCET-23.04.2019, Shift-II 396. The slopes of the isothermal and adiabatic P –
Ans. (d) : Given that, V graphs of a gas are by S1 and SA respectively.
∆W = – 32.4 Joule (work on the system) 3
If the heat capacity ratio of the gas is , then
∆Q = 0 (adiabatic process) 2
Form the first law of thermodynamic– S1
=
∆ Q = ∆U + ∆W SA
∴ ∆U = ∆Q – ∆W 3 2
(a) (b)
= 0 – (_– 32.4) 2 3
∆U = 32.4 Joule 1 1
From state A to B then net heat absorbed by the system, (c) (d)
2 3
∆Q = 13.5 × 4.2 AP EAMCET-05.07.2022, Shift-I
∆Q = 56.7 Joule Ans. (b) : Given,
Heat absorbed (∆Q) = ∆U + ∆W Isothermal = S1
∴ ∆W = ∆Q – ∆U Adiabatic = SA
= 56.7 – 32.4 We know that
∆W = 24.3 Joule Adiabatic curve = γ × Isothermal curve
394. A gas at 370C is compressed adiabatically to SA = γ × S 1
half of its volume, then the final temperature of
S1 1
the gas is– =
(Ratio of specific heat capacities of the gas is 1.5) SA γ
(a) 165.30C (b) 438.30C Given,
0
(c) 400 C (d) 00C Heat Capacity ratio
AP EAMCET-07.07.2022, Shift-II CP 3
=γ=
Ans. (a) : Given that, CV 2
T1 = 37 ºC V1 = V, V2 = V/2
1 2
T2 = ? γ = 1.5 =
In an adiabatic process γ 3
1 1 S1 2
V2  T1  γ –1 V / 2  310 1.5–1 So, =
=  ⇒ = SA 3

V1  T2  V  T2  397. Time taken to uniformly heat up certain
1  310 
2
amount of water from 0 °C to 100 °C is 30 min.
=  It takes 160 min to convert the whole amount
2  T2  of water at 100 °C to steam at same rate of
1 310 heating. Then the latent heat of steam is ____
= ⇒ T2 = 310 2 = 438.41 K (a) 533.3 cal.g–1 (b) 645.7 cal.g–1
2 T2 –1
(c) 713 cal.g (d) 710 cal.g–1
T2 = 165.41°C ≈ 165. 3°C
AP EAMCET-25.09.2020, Shift-II
395. According to the law of equipartition of energy,
Ans. (a) : Let m be the mass of water
the molar specific heat of solids at low
temperatures is equal to At 30 min quantity of heat absorbed by water
(R=Universal gas constant) Q = mC ∆T
(a) 3R (b) R = m × 1 × (100)
R R = 100 m cal.
(c) (d) 100 m
2 3 ∴ 1 min = Cal
AP EAMCET-11.07.2022, Shift-II 30

558
Quantity of heat absorbed by water in 160 min Ans. (c) : Boiling water into steam isothermal process,
100m ×160 ∆T = 0
=
30 Heat, Q = mc∆T
Quantity of heat required to convert water in to steam Q
c=
(Q) = mL m∆T
100m × 160 Q
mL = c=
30 0
c=∞
1600
So, L = = 533.33cal / gram 401. A beaker is filled completely with water at 4 oC.
3
Identify the incorrect statement:
398. Five moles of hydrogen initially at STP is (a) Water overflows when heated above 4 oC
compressed adiabatically so that its (b) Water overflows when cooled below 4 oC
temperature becomes 673K. The increase in (c) Water overflows either when heated above 4
internal energy of the gas, in kilo joule is (R = o
C or cooled below 4 oC
8.3 J/mol K; γ = 1.4 for diatomic gas) (d) Water will not overflow when cooled below 4
o
(a) 80.5 (b) 21.55 C
(c) 41.50 (d) 65.55 AP EAMCET-25.08.2021, Shift-I
AP EAMCET -2014 Ans. (d) : A beaker is filled completely with water of 4
ºC water will not over flow when cooled below 4ºC.
Ans. (c) : Given that,
Maximum density of water at 4°C. So if the water is
T1= 273K (at STP) heated above 4°C or cooled below 4°C density
T2 = 673 K decreases that is volume increases. So, it expands
No. of moles, n = 5 overflows in both the cases.
Change in internal energy,
nR ( T2 – T1 )
dU = n CV dT =
γ –1
( 673 – 273)
= 5 × 8.31 = 41.55 kJ
1.4 – 1 402. When heat is supplied at equal rate to three
399. A very small hole in an electric furnace is used substances A, B, C and their temperatures are
for heating metals. The hole nearly acts as a plotted against time, the following graph is
black body. The area of the hole is 200 mm2. To obtained. Which material among A, B and C
o
keep a metal at 727 C, heat energy flowing has the least heat capacity?
(a) A (b) B
through this hole per sec, in joules is (σ = 5.67 ×
–8 –2 –4 (c) C (d) Can't be determined
10 Wm K )
AP EAMCET-03.09.2021, Shift-I
(a) 22.68 (b) 2.268
Ans. (a) :
(c) 1.134 (d) 11.34
AP EAMCET -2014
Ans. (d) : Given that,
2
A = 200 mm = 0.0002 m2
∈ = 1, σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W m–2 K–4
T = 727 + 273 = 1000 K
Substance having more heat capacity takes longer time
Heat radiated per second
to get heated to a higher temperature and longer time to
E = σ A∈ T4 get cooled if we draw a line parallel to the time axis tC >
∴ E = 5.67 × 10–8 × 0.0002 × 1(1000)4 tB > tA or cC > cB > cA
E = 11.34 J/sec 403. The internal energy of an ideal gas is given by
400. Boiling water is changing into steam. The U = 1.5 PV. It expands from 10 cm3 to 20 cm3
against a constant pressure of 2 × 105 Pa. Heat
specific heat of boiling water is–– absorbed by the gas in the process is
(a) Zero (b) One (a) 2 J (b) 5 J
(c) Infinity (d) Less than one (c) 3 J (d) 7 J
AP EAMCET-20.08.2021, Shift-I AP EAMCET-24.04.2017, Shift-II
559
Ans. (b) : Given that, Ans. (b) : Given that,
3
U = 1.5 PV M = 42 gram = 42 × 10– kg
5 3
P = 2 × 10 Pa h = 1.8 km = 1.8 × 10 m
V1 = 10 cm3 , V2 = 20 cm3 Lice = 3.36 × 105 J/kg
3
∆V = (V2 – V1) = (20 – 10) = 10 cm Potential energy at a given height
∆V = 10–5m3 PE = Mgh
∆U = 1.5 × 2 × 105 × 10–5 Latent heat = mL
∆U = 3.0 According to question
Applying first law of thermodynamic, Mgh = m.L
∆Q = ∆U + ∆W Mgh = m.L
∆Q = ∆W + 3.0 Mgh
∆Q = P∆V + 3.0 m=
L
∆Q = 2 × 105 × 10–5 + 3.0
42 ×10 –3 × 10 × 1.8 × 103
∆Q = 2 + 3 =
∆Q = 5 Joule 3.36 × 105
m = 2.25 gram
404. A pellet of mass ‘m’ and specific heat capacity
Mass of hail stone on reaching ground
‘c’ fired from an air gun hits a steel plate with
speed ‘v’. During the impact, 50% of the = M–m
pellet’s kinetic energy is converted to thermal = 42 – 2.25
energy in it. The rise in the temperature of the = 42 – 2.25
pellet is = 39.75 gram
v2 v2 406. One end of a uniform metal rod of length 100
(a) (b)
2c 4c cm is placed in ice and the other end is placed
2 2 in boiling water. A point of the rod which is at
mv mv
(c) (d) a distance of 60 cm from the ice end is
2c 4c maintained at a consant temperature of 325
AP EAMCET-25.04.2017, Shift-I °C. If 2 g of water is converted into steam per
Ans. (b) : second the mass of ice melted per second in
steady state is (Latent heat of steam = 6.75
times latent heat of fusion of ice)
(a) 13 g (b) 4 g
(c) 6.75 g (d) 8 g
AP EAMCET-25.04.2017, Shift-II
Ans. (a) : Given data,
Length of metal rod = 100 cm
We know that,
Lb = 6.75 Lf
Heat, Q = mC ∆T
Mw = 2g
Let, m is the mass and v is velocity
According to Fourier law
1
Then K.E = mv 2 • KA(∆T)
2 Q =
According to question, ∆x
50% of the pellet's kinetic energy is converted to ∵ • m.L
Q =
thermal energy t
50 1 • m 
× mv 2 = mC∆T Q1 =  1  × L f
100 2  t 
2
v At first end–
Change in temperature, ∆T =
4c KA(325 – 0)  m1 
=  × Lf .....(i)
405. A hail stone of mass 42 g falls from a height 1.8 0.6  t 
km and if its entire potential energy is
At the second end–
converted into latent heat, the mass of the hail
stone on reaching the ground is (g = 10 ms , Q• =  m w  L
−2

Lice = 3.36 × 105 J kg−1) 2  t  b

 
(a) 40.75 g (b) 39.75 g
KA(325 – 100)  2 
(c) 38.75 g (d) 37.75 g =   × L b ......(ii)
AP EAMCET-25.04.2017, Shift-I 0.4 1

560
 From equation (ii) ÷ (i)– Then
KA × 225 M × s × 10 + M × 2s × 20 + ............... + M × 10s × 100
TR =
0.4 2 × Lb M × s + M × 2s + ...... + M × 10s
=
KA × 325 (m1 ) × Lf 10Ms[12 + 22 + 32 + .........102 ]
TR =
0.6 Ms[1 + 2 + 3 + .......10]
135 2 × 6.75 L f Formula for numerator– {[12 + 22 + 32 + ……102]
=
130 m1 × Lf n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
Total sum, Sn =
2 × 6.75 × 130 6
m1 =
135 10(10 + 1)(20+ 1)
=
6
m1 = 13 gram
10 × 11× 21
407. The specific heat (c) of a metal at very low = = 385
6
temperatures (T) is given by c = aT +bT3 where Formula for denominator, [ 1 + 2 + 3 +……….10]
a =0.01 J kg K–2 and b = 16 × 10–4 J kg K–4. The
n(n + 1) 10(10 + 1)
amount of heat energy required to increase the Total sum, Sn = = = 55
temperature of 2 kg of the metal from 1 K to 3 2 2
K is ___________ mJ. 10Ms × 385
TR = = 70°C
(a) 144 (b) 72 Ms × 55
(c) 288 (d) 216 409. Specific beat of Aluminum metal is 24.4 J/mole-
AP EAMCET-28.04.2017, Shift-I K. Express the specific heat in J/Kg-K.
Ans. (a) : Given , m = 2 kg , T1 = 1K, T2 = 3K (a) 500 (b) 600
(c) 900 (d) 1200
Specific heat, c = aT + bT3
AMU-2007
Where, a = 0.01 J kg K–2
Ans. (c) : Given that,
b = 16 × 10–4 J kg K–4
Specific heat of aluminium metal = 24.4 J/mole-K
∵ Heat change, dQ = mc dT Atomic weight of Aluminium = 27
Q T2 = 3 K 3 Now,
∫0
dQ = ∫
T1 =1K
mc dT = m ∫ (aT + bT3 )dT
1 Specific heat in J/kg-K
3 24.4
 aT bT  2 4 = × 1000
[ Q]0
Q
= m +  27
 2 4 1 = 904J/kg-K ≈ 900 J/kg-K.
 a(9 − 1) b(81 − 1)  410. Which of the following statements is true for
Q = m +  the specific heat of solids at constant volume
 2 4 
(Cv)?
 0.01× 8 16 × 10−4 × 80  (a) It is independent of temperature
= 2 + 
 2 4  (b) It increases with rise in temperature and its
value is different for different solids at high
= 2 × (0.04 +0.032) = 0.144 J = 144 mJ temperatures
408. If equal masses of 10 liquids of specific heats s, (c) It increases with rise in temperature and its
2s, 3s, ...... 10s at temperatures 10°C, 20°C, value becomes 3R for different solids at large
30°C, ...... 100°C respectively are mixed, the temperatures
resultant temperature of the mixture is ______ (d) Its value becomes zero for different solids at
large temperatures
(a) 60 °C (b) 50 °C
° AMU-2014
(c) 70 C (d) 80 °C
Ans. (c) : Specific heat of solid at constant volume (Cv)
AP EAMCET-26.04.2017, Shift-II increases with rise in temperature.
Ans. (c) : Let, θ Temperature of mixture– We know that,
M S θ + ............... + M n Sn θn R  4 
θ m, = 1 1 1 Cv =  γ = Polyatomic gas 
M1S1 + ....... + M n Sn γ −1  3 
According to question, we get that– R
Cv =
M M M ……….. M 4
−1
1s 2s 3s ………..10s 3
10°C 20°C 30°C 100°C Cv = 3R

561
411. 1.00 kg of liquid water at 100oC is converted to H1
steam at 100oC at standard atmospheric (a) H2 = 2H1 (b) H 2 =
2
pressure (1.00 atm=1.01×105 Pa). The volume
H1
changes from inital value of 1.00 × 10-3 m3 as a (c) H 2 = (d) H2 = 4H1
liquid to 1.671 m3 as steam. If 2260 KJ/kg is the 4
heat for vapourisation, the change in internal AIPMT-2001
energy in the above process is Ans. (a) : Given that,
(a) 1.09 MJ (b) 3.27 MJ l1 = l
(c) 2.09 MJ (d) 1.09 MJ r1 = r
AMU-2003 l2 = 2l
Ans. (c) : Given that, r2 = 2r
m = 1 kg We know that,
Vi = 10−3m3 K ⋅ A ⋅ (dT)
Rate of heat flow (H) =
Vf = 1.671 m3 dx
P = 1.00 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa K.πr 2 (T1 − T2 )
≈ 1.01 × 102 k Pa H l
Heat of vaporization i.e. latent heat (Lv) = 2260 KJ/kg ∴ =
H ' K.π(2r)2 (T1 − T2 )
Applying first law thermodynamics,
2l
∆Q = ∆U + W
H r × 2l
2
And, Work done, W = P ⋅ ∆V =
H ' l × 4r 2
= P(Vf − Vi) = 102(1.671 – 10–3)
= 102 × 0.670 H2 = 2H1
W = 167.0 KJ 414. The wavelength corresponding to maximum
And, Heat Q = mLv intensity of radiation emitted by a source at
temperature 2000 K is λ, then what is the
= 1 × 2260
wavelength corresponding to maximum
Q = 2260 kJ intensity of radiation at temperature 3000 K?
Hence,
2 16
Applying first law of thermodynamics, (a) λ (b) λ
3 81
∆U = Q − W
= 2260 – 167.0 81 4
(c) λ (d) λ
∆U = 2.09 MJ 16 3
(Uf >>> Ui , Uf − Ui = Uf) AIPMT-2001
412. A beaker full of hot water is kept in a room. If Ans. (a) : Given that,
it cools from 80°C to 75°C in t1 minutes, from λ1 = λ, λ2 = ?
75°C to 70°C in t2 minutes and from 70°C to T1 = 2000K, T2 = 3000K
65°C to in t3 minutes, then We know that,
(a) t1 = t2 = t3 (b) t1 < t2 = t3 1
λ∝ (Wien's displacement law)
(c) t1 < t2 < t3 (d) t1 > t2 > t3 T
AIPMT-1995 λ1 T2
Ans. (c) : Given, ⇒ =
λ 2 T1
80°C to 75°C – t1
λ 3000
75°C to 70°C – t2 =
λ 2 2000
70°C to 65°C – t3
According to Newton's law of cooling. 2
λ2 = λ
The rate of cooling is proportional to temperature 3
difference of the body and its surrounding. Rate of 415. Which one of the following processes depends
cooling is decreases when the temperature of the body on gravity ?
approach the room temperature. (a) Conduction (b) Convection
Hence, t3 > t2 > t1 (c) Radiation (d) None of these
413. Rate of heat flow through a cylindrical rod is AIPMT-2000
H1. Temperatures of ends of rod are T1 and T2. Ans. (b) : Convection is method in which particle move
If all the dimensions of rod become double and up and down depending on their weight and gravity.
temperature difference remains same and rate As a result in convection heat transfer, the presence of
of heat flow becomes H2. Then, gravitational field is required.
562
416. Consider two rods of same length and different 4πr 2 t 4 r 2 σ(t + 273) 4
specific heats (s1,s2), thermal conductivities (a) (b)
R2 4πR 2
(K1,K2) and areas of cross-section (A1,A2) and
both having temperatures (T1,T2) at their ends. 16π r σt
2 2 4
r σ(t + 273) 4
2

If their rate of loss of heat due to conduction (c) (d)

R2 R2
are equal, then AIPMT-2007
K1A1 K 2 A 2
(a) K1A1 = K2A2 (b) = Ans. (d) : Power radiant per unit area received by the
s1 s2 surface at a distant R from center of the sun is given
K 2 A1 K1A 2 by:
(c) K2A1 = K1A2 (d) = P
s2 s1 S=
AIPMT-2002 4πR 2
Ans. (a) : Given that, We know that,
l1 = l2 = l P = σe4πr2 (t + 273)4 (Boltzmann law)
We know that, Hence,
K ⋅ A(∆T) σe4πr 2 (t + 273) 4
Rate of heat loss (Q) = S=
l 4πR 2
Hence, Q1 = Q2 For black body,
K1 ⋅ A1∆T K 2 ⋅ A 2 (∆T) r 2 σ(t + 273) 4
= (l1 = l2 = l) ∴ S =
l1 l2 R2
K1 ⋅ A1 = K2 ⋅ A2 420. A black body at 1227°C emits radiations with
417. Wien’s displacement law expresses relation maximum intensity at a wavelength of 5000 Å.
between If the temperature of the body is increased by
(a) wavelength corresponding to maximum 1000°C, the maximum intensity will be
energy and absolute temperature observed at
(b) radiated energy and wavelength (a) 4000 Å (b) 5000 Å
(c) emissive power and temperature (c) 6000 Å (d) 3000 Å
(d) colour of light and temperature AIPMT-2006
AIPMT-2002
Ans. (d) : Given that,
Ans. (a) : According to Wien's displacement law, the
T1 = 1227°C = (1227 + 273) = 1500 K
product of absolute temperature (T) and the wavelength
(λ) at which the emissive power is maximum is constant λ1 = 5000 Å
i.e. T2 = 1227°C + 1000°C
λmax ⋅ T = constant = 2227°C = (2227 + 273)
Therefore, it expresses relation between wavelength T2 = 2500 K
corresponding to maximum energy and temperature. λ2 = ?
418. A black body is at 727°C. It emits energy at a We know that,
rate which is proportional to 1
(a) (727)2 (b) (1000)4 λ∝ (Wien's law)
2 T
(c) (1000) (d) (727)4
AIPMT-2007 λ1 T2
=
Ans. (b) : According to Stefan-boltzmann law of λ 2 T1
thermal radiation– 5000 2500
E ∝ T4 =
λ2 1500
E = σT4 (σ = Stefan's constant)
15 × 5000
E ∝ T4 λ2 =
25
E ∝ (727 + 273)4
E ∝ (1000)4 λ2 = 3000Å
Note-Stefan's constant, σ = 5.67 × 10–8 W/m2K4 421. Which of the following circular rods, (given
radius r and length l) each made of the same
419. Assuming the sun to have a spherical outer
surface of radius r, radiating like a black body material and whose ends are maintained at the
at temperature t°C, the power received by a same temperature will conduct most heat ?
unit surface, (normal to the incident rays) at a (a) r = 2r0; l = 2l0 (b) r = 2r0;l = l0
distance from the centre of the sun is where, σ (c) r = r0; l = l0 (d) r = r0;l = 2l0
is the Stefan’s constant. AIPMT-2005
563
Ans. (b) : As we know that, 424. A cylindrical metallic rod in thermal contact
dQ KA∆T with two reservoirs of heat at its two ends
Rate of heat transfer, = [K∆T = C] conducts an amount of heat Q in time t. The
dt l
metallic rod is melted and the material is
dQ A
∝ formed into a rod of half the radius of the
dt l original rod. What is the amount of heat
According to option checking, conducted by the new rod when placed in
For option (a), thermal contact with the two reservoirs in
dQ π(2r0 )2 4πr02 2πr02 time t?
=C =C =C (∵C is constant)
dt 2l0 2l0 l0 (a) Q/4 (b) Q/16
For option (b), (c) 2Q (d) Q/2
dQ π(2r0 )2 4πr02 AIPMT-2010
=C =C
dt l0 l0 Ans. (b) :
For option (c),
dQ π(r ) 2
=C 0
dt l0
For option (d),
dQ πr 2
=C 0
dt 2l0
Therefore, option (b) will conduct most heat.
422. We consider the radiation emitted by the
human body. Which of the following
statements is true? Q kA∆T
H = ,H =
(a) The radiation is emitted during the summers t l
and absorbed during the winters Q1 k(πr )∆T 2

(b) The radiation emitted lies in the ultraviolet = …(i)

t l
region and hence is not visible
Q 2 k  π(r / 2) ∆T 
2
(c) The radiation emitted is in the infrared region
= …(ii)
(d) The radiation is emitted only during the day t l'
AIPMT-2003 Volume of first cylinder = Volume of 2nd cylinder
Ans. (c) : The radiation emitted by the human body lies 2
r
in the infrared region. πr2l = π   l'
 2 
Everybody at all time, at all temperature emit radiation
(except at T= 0) πr
2
2
423. If the radius of a star is R and it acts as a black πr l = l'
4
body, what would be the temperature of the
4l = l′ .....(iii)
star, in which the rate of energy production is
Q? From equation (ii) and (iii)
(σ stands for Stefan’s constant.)   r 2 
(a) Q/4πR2 σ (b) (Q/4πR2 σ)–1/2 k  π  ∆T 

Q2   2 
(c) (4πR2 Q/σ)1/4 (d) (Q/4πR2 σ)1/4 =  .....(iv)
t 4l
AIPMT-2012
From equation (i) and (iv)
Ans. (d) : Given that,
Radius of star = R Q1 / t k (πr 2 )∆T  /l
= 
Use of Stefan's law, the rate of energy production, Q2 / t   r 2 
Q = EA k  π  ∆T  /4l

Q = σT44πR2   2  
Q Q1 16
T4 = =
4πR σ2
Q2 1
1/ 4
 Q  Q1
T =  Q2 =
 4πR 2 σ  16

564
425. A black body at 227°C radiates heat at the rate As we know that the rate of flow of heat is proportional
of 7 cal cm−2 s−1. At a temperature of 727°C, the to temperature difference.
rate of heat radiated in the same units will be
dθ
(a) 60 (b) 50 ∝ (T2 − T1 )
(c) 112 (d) 80 dt
AIPMT-2009 So, dθ
= k(T2 − T1 )
Ans. (c) : Given that dt
Temperature, T1 = 227°C = 273 + 227 = 500 K dθ1
Heat Rate = 7 cal cm−2 s−1 = k(110 −100)
dt
Temperature, T2 = 727°C = 1000 K
dθ1
E = σA∈T4 (∵Stefan's law) = k.10 …(i)
4
dt
E 2  T2  dθ 2
=  = k (210 − 200)
E1  T1  Similarly,
dt
1000 
4
= k.10 … (ii)
=  
 500  From equation (i) and (ii) Rate Flow is equal, in of both
R2 equations-
= (2)4 dθ dθ
7 Therefore, 1 = 2 = 4.0 J/sec
R2 = 16 × 7 dt dt
= 112 cal cm−2 s−1 428. A black body is at a temperature of 5760 K.
426. A piece of iron is heated in a flame. If first The energy of radiation emitted by the body at
becomes dull red then becomes reddish yellow wavelength 250 nm is U1 , at wavelength 500
and finally turns to white hot. The correct nm is U2 and that at 1000 nm is U3 .
explanation for the above observation is
possible by using Wien's constant, b = 2.88 × 106 nmK. Which of
(a) Stefan's law the following is correct?
(b) Wien's displacement law (a) U3 = 0 (b) U1 > U2
(c) Kirchhoff's law (c) U2 > U1 (d) U1 = 0
(d) Newton's law of cooling NEET-2016
NEET-2013
Ans. (c) : Given that,
Ans. (b) : A piece of iron is heated in a flame. If first
becomes dull red then becomes reddish yellow and Temperature of black body = 5760 K
finally turns to white hot. These explanation for the Wavelength of Radiation U1 = 250 nm
above observation is possible by using Wien's Wavelength of Radiation U2 = 500 nm
displacement law. Wavelength of Radiation, U3 = 1000 nm
Wien's displacement law,
According to Wien's Displacement law–
λm.T = b
λmT = b
1
λm ∝ b
T λm =
Therefore, with temperature (T) increases T
wavelength(λ) decreases. 2.86×106
=
427. The two ends of a metal rod are maintained at 5760
temperatures 100°C and 110°C. The rate of
λm = 500 nm
heat flow in the rod is found to be 4.0 J/s. If the
ends are maintained at temperatures 200°C U1 < U2 > U3
and 210°C, the rate of heat flow will be
(a) 44.0J/s (b) 16.8J/s
(c) 8.0J/s (d) 4.0 J/s
AIPMT-2015
Ans. (d) : Given that,
Temperature of metal rod end = 100°C and 110°C
Heat rate in rod = 4.0 J/sec
Change in temperature, ∆T2 = (210 – 200)
= 10°C
565
429. A deep rectangular pond of surface area A, 430. When 1 kg of ice at 0°C melts to water at 0°C,
containing water (density =ρ, specific heat the resulting change in its entropy, taking
capacity = s), is located in a region where the latent heat of ice to be 80 cal/°C, is
outside air temperature is a steady value at the (a) 8 × 104 cal/K (b) 80 cal/K
−26°C. The thickness of the frozen ice layer in
(c) 293 cal/K (d) 273 cal/K
this pond, at a certain instant is x. Taking the
thermal conductivity of ice as K, and its AIPMT-2011
specific latent heat of fusion as L, the rate of Ans. (c) : Given that
increase of the thickness of ice layer, at this mass of ice = 1 kg = 1000 g
instant would be given by Temperature, T = 0 °C, T = 273 K
(a) 26K/ρr(L – 4s) (b) 26K/ (ρx2 – L) Latent heat of ice = 80 cal/°C
(c) 26K/ (ρxL) (d) 26K/ρr(L + 4s) Heat required in the process, Q = mL
NEET Odisha-2019 ∆Q = 1000 × 80
Ans. (c) : = 80000 cal
∆Q 80000
Entropy, S = =
T 273
= 293.040 cal/K
S = 293 cal/K
431. A piece of ice falls from a height h so that it
melts completely. Only one-quarter of the heat
produced is absorbed by the ice and all energy
Given that, of ice gets converted into heat during its fall.
Outside temperature, T = –26°C The value of h is [Latent heat of ice is 3.4 × 105
Latent heat of fusion = L J/kg and g =10N/kg]
Thermal conductivity = K (a) 544 km (b) 136 km
Let, certain instant = x (c) 68 km (d) 34 km
Density = ρ NEET-2016
Heat capacity = s Ans. (b) : Given that
We know that, Latent heat of Ice, L = 3.4 × 105 J/kg
dQ KA∆T Gravitation acceleration, g = 10 m/s2
Rate of flow Rate = =
dt x Gravitational potential energy = mgh
KA [0 − (−26)] P.E. = mgh
=
x According to question-
dQ 26KA 1
= mgh = mL
dt x 4
26KAdt 4L
dQ = ..............(i) h=
x g
26KAdt 4×3.4×105
Hence, Amount of heat Rejected, dQ = by =
x 10
water = 13.6 × 104
Heat Rejected for formation of ice, Q = mL
= 136 × 103
 ∵Mass = Density × volume  h = 136 km
Q = (ρvL)  Volume = Area × length 
432. 1g of water, of volume 1cm3 at 100°C is
Q = (ρ.A.dx)L converted into steam at same temperature
From Equation (i) & and (ii), we get under normal atmospheric pressure = ( ≃ 1 ×
26KA.(dt) 105 Pa). The volume of steam formed equals
= (ρA dx)L
x 1671 cm3. If the specific latent heat of
dx 26KA vaporisation of water is 2256 J/g, the change in
= internal energy is
dt x ρA.L
(a) 2423 J (b) 2089 J
dx 26K (c) 167 J (d) 2256 J
=
dt ρLx NEET Odisha-2019
566
Ans. (b) : Given that, Ans. (d) : Given that,
Mass of water = 1 gm Specific heat at constant pressure
Volume = 1 cm3 CP = 450 J/K
Temperature = 100°C Specific heat of H at constant volume
Atmospheric pressure = 1 × 105 Pa CV = 300 J/K
Volume of steam = 1671 cm3 Atmosphere pressure = 1.013 × 105 N/m2
Latent heat of steam = 2256 J/gm Volume of x gm of H2 at STP is 1000 cm3
According to first law of thermodynamics, 1000
Internal energy, ∆U = ∆Q – ∆W Therefore, volume of one mole gas = × 2.016 cm3
x
∵ ∆W = P∆V PV
= 105 (1671 – 1) × 10–6 CP – CV = R =
T
= 1670 × 10–1
1.013×105 ×1000× 2.016×10−3
∆W = 167 Joule 450 – 300 = R =
Heat, ∆Q = m (LH) x × 273
= 1 × 2256 1.013×105 × 2.016
150 =
= 2256 Joule x × 273
Change in internal energy, ∆U = 2256 – 167 2.042×105
= 2089 Joule x=
150× 273
433. 60 g of ice at 0oC is mixed with 60 g of steam at x = 4.98 ≈ 5
100 °C. At thermal aquarium, the mixture
contains (Latent heats of steam and ice are 540 435. A lead bullet of unknown mass is fired with a
cal g–1 and 80 cal g–1 respectively, specific heat speed of 180ms-1 into a tree in which it stops.
of water = 1 cal g–1 °C–1) Assuming that in this process two-third of heat
o
produced goes into the bullet and one-third
(a) 80 g of water and 40 g of steam at 100 C into wood. The temperature of the bullet rises
(b) 120 g of water at 90o C by (Specific heat of lead = 0.120Jg-1 0C-1)
(c) 120 g of water at 100 C (a) 1400C (b) 1060C
0
(c) 90 C (d) 1000C
(d) 40 g of steam and 80 g of water at 0 oC
AP EMCET(Medical)-2010
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2016
Ans. (c) : Given that,
Ans. (a) : Given that,
Speed of bullet, v = 180 m/sec
Mass of ice, mice = 60 g
Mass of steam at 100°C = 60 g Specific heat of lead, s = 0.120 J/g °C
Latent heat of steam, Ls = 540 cal/g = 120 J/kg
Latent heat of ice, Lf = 80 cal/g According to question,
Specific heat of water, S = 1 cal/g °C 2
heat produced by bullet,
x gm of steam be condensed to waters. 3
Heat lost by steam = Heat gained by ice 2 1
ms∆Τ = ⋅ mv 2
x. Ls = mice × Lf + mice S.∆t 3 2
x × 540 = 60 × 80 + 60 × 1 × 100 v2
x × 540 = 4800 + 6000 ∆T =
3×120
x × 540 = 10800
x = 20 180 ×180
=
Uncondensed steam = 60 – 20 = 40 gm 3× 120
Mass of water at 100°C = 60 + 20 = 80 gm = 90°C
Therefore, 80 gm water and 40 gm steam at 100°C 436. A lead bullet, of initial temperature 27°C and
434. Specific heat of one mole of Hydrogen at speed v km/h penetrates into a solid object and
constant pressure and at constant volume are melts. If 50% of the kinetic energy is used to
450 JK -1 and 300 JK–1 respectively. Then what heat it, the value of v in km/h is (for lead
is the density of the gas at S.T.P.? (Patm = melting point = 600 K, latent heat of fusion =
1.013×105 Nm–2) 2.5×104 J kg–1; specific heat = 125 J kg–1 K–1)
3 3
(a) 2.47 kg/m (b) 3.0kg/m (a) 3600 (b) 1800
(c) 3.58 kg/m3 (d) None of these (c) 1200 (d) 1000
AP EAMCET (Medical)-2015 AP EMCET(Medical)-2008
567
Ans. (b) : Given that, Final pressure of X = 2 2 P × 2–1.5
Initial temperature = 27°C Final pressure of Y = P
Speed = v km/h.
Final pressure of Z = 2P × 0.5
Melting point of lead = 600 K
=P
Latent heat of fusion = 2.5 × 104 J/kg
Thus ratio of final pressure is 1 : 1 : 1
Specific heat = 125 J/kg.K
Heat energy required to just melt the bullet 438. 50 g of copper is heated to increase its
temperature by 10ºC. If the same quantity of
Q = Q1 + Q 2
heat is given to 10g of water, the rise in its
Q1 = mS∆t temperature is:
= m × 125 × (327 – 27) (a) 5ºC (b) 6ºC
= m×125 × 300 (c) 7ºC (d) 8ºC
= 3.75 × 104 m AP EAMCET(Medical)-2000
Q2 = mL
Ans. (a) : Given that,
= 2.5 × 104 m Mass of copper, m1 = 50 gm
Q = Q1 + Q 2 Heating temperature of copper = 10°C
= 3.75 × 104 m +2.5 × 104 m Mass of water, m2 = 10 gm
Q = (6.25 × 104) m Given Heat, Q = mS∆T
1
If v be the speed of bullet, then 50% of mv2 should be Heat lost = Heat gained
2 m1S1 ∆T1 = m2S2 ∆T2
equal to
50 × 0.1 × 10 = 10 × ∆T2
∵ 50% K.E = Q As we know that specific heat copper = 0.1 cal/gm°C
50 1 Specific heat of water = 1 cal/gm°C
× mv2 = 6.25 × 104 m
100 2 50 × 1 = 10∆T2
1 ∆T2 = 5°C
mv2 = 6.25 × 104 m
4 439. The material that has the largest specific heat is :
2
v = 6.25 × 4 × 10 4 (a) mercury (b) water
2 4
v = 25 × 10 m/s (c) iron (d) diamond
18 AP EAMCET(Medical)-1998
v = 500 ×
5 Ans. (b) : Water has the highest specific heat capacity
v = 1800 km/h because, water has high specific heat due to hydrogen
bonds among molecules.
437. Three samples of the same gas, X, Y and Z, for
3 kJ
which the ratio of specific heat γ= , have • Specific heat of the water = 4.18 kgK
2
initially the same volume. The volumes of each kJ
sample is doubled, by adiabatic process in the • Specific heat of the mercury = 0.14 kgK
case of X, by isobaric process in the case of Y
and by isothermal process in the case of Z. If • Specific heat of the iron = 0.45 kJ
the initial pressures of the samples X, Y and Z kgK
are in the ratio 2 2 :1: 2 , then the ratio of kJ
• Specific heat of the diamond = 0.50
their final pressures is: kgK
(a) 2:1:1 (b) 1:1:1
440. 20 g of ice and 20 g of hot water are mixed,
(c) 1:2:1 (d) 1:1:2
when the ice is melted the temperature of the
AP EAMCET(Medical)-2004 mixture was found to be 0°C. The temperature
Ans. (b) : Given that, of hot water taken should (L = 80 cal/g):
3 (a) 40° (b) 72
Specific heat, γ =
2 (c) 80° (d) 96°C
Initial volume of each sample = V AP EAMCET(Medical)-1999
Final volume of sample = 2V Ans. (c) : Given that,
For Adiabatic process = PVγ–1 Mass of ice, m1 = 20 gm
Initial pressure, of X = 2 2 P Mass of hot water, m2 = 20 gm
Initial pressure of Y = P Melted temperature = 0°C
Initial pressure of Z = 2P Latent heat of ice, L = 80 cal/gm

568
We know that, Ans. (a) : When an ice cube melts and becomes water,
mL = ms (∆t) the state changes from solid to liquid state. As we know
20 × 80 = 20×1× (t1 – t2) that the randomness or disorder of molecules is higher
80 = (t1 – 0) in liquid state than solid state. Therefore, entropy of the
t1 = 80° system increases and the internal energy also increases.
441. Boiling water at 100° C and cold water at t°C 444. Boiling point of a liquid can be defined as that
are mixed in the ratio 1:3 and the resultant temperature at which .......... the liquid becomes
maximum temperature was 37°C. Assuming no equal to atmospheric pressure
heat losses the value if t is: (a) due point
(a) 4°C (b) 9°C (b) surface vapour pressure
(c) 12°C (d) 16°C (c) internal energy of liquid
AP EAMCET(Medical)-1999 (d) None of the above
Ans. (d) : Given that EAMCET-1993
Temperature of boiling water = 100°C Ans. (b) : Boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at
Temperature of cold water = 0°C which the vapour pressure of the liquid becomes equal
Resultant maximum temperature = 37°C to the atmospheric pressure of the liquids environment.
Given, heat = Taken heat At this temperature, the liquid is converted into a
ms (100 – 37) = 3ms (37 – t) vapour.
63 = 111 –3t 445. An iron ball of mass 0.2 kg is heated to 100ºC
⇒ 3t = 48 and put into a block of ice at 0ºC. 25 g of ice
⇒ t = 16°C melts, then specific heat of iron (in cal kg–1ºC–1)
442. Assume that heat capacity of H2O to be 4.2 × is [Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 cal g–1]
103 Jkg–1K–1 and the latent heat of vaporization (a) 1 (b) 0.1
of H2O to be 22.5 × 105 Jkg–1. The amount of (c) 0.8 (d) 0.08
heat in joule required to heat 1 kg of water EAMCET-1995
from 50ºC to 100ºC and then to convert into
Ans. (b) : Given,
steam at 100ºC is
(a) 12.3 × 105 J (b) 24.6 × 105 J Mass of ice block, mice = 25g = 25 × 10−3 kg
(c) 20.0 × 10 J5
(d) 18.6 × 105 J Mass of Iron ball, miron = 0.2 kg
EAMCET-1992 Temperature of Iron ball = 100oC
Ans. (b) : Given, Temperature of Ice block = 0oC
Mass of water, m = 1kg Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 cal/g
Heat capacity of H2O = 4.2 × 103 J/kg K We know that,
Latent heat of vaporization of H2O = 22.5 × 105 J/kg 1 gram calorie = 4.184 Joules
Temperature difference ∆T = 100oC − 50oC ∴ Latent heat of fusion of ice = 80 × 4.184 J/g
= 50oC = 334.72 J/g
Now, the amount of heat required = sensible heat + = 334.72×103J/kg
Latent heat Now, balancing the heat,
= mC∆T + mL Heat release = Heat gain
= 1 × 4.2 × 103 × 50 + 1 × 22.5 × 105 mironC ∆t = mice × L
= 24.6 × 105 J 0.2 × C × 100 = 25 × 10−3 × 334.72 × 103
443. When an ice cube melts and becomes water, the C = 418.4 J/kg oC
ice water system undergoes C = 0.1 cal/g oC
(a) the entropy of the system increases and the
446. A piece of lead falls from a height of 100 m on a
internal energy increases
fixed non-conducting slab which brings it to
(b) the entropy of the system decreases and the
rest. The temperature of the piece immediately
internal energy decreases
after collision increases by (specific heat of lead
(c) the entropy of the system decreases and the
is 30.6 cal kg–1ºC–1 and g = 9.8 ms–1)
internal energy increases
(d) the entropy of the system increases and the (a) 0 K (b) 27ºC
internal energy decreases (c) 7.63ºC (d) 4.2 K
EAMCET-1992 EAMCET-1996

569
Ans. (c) : Given, Now, applying principle of calorimetry on various
option.
Heat gain = Heat release
For option (a),
m1C × (T1 − 300) = m2 × C × (10 − T1)
30 × C (T1 − 300) = 100 × C (10 − T1)
3T1 − 900 = 100 − 10T1
13T1 = 1000
Specific heat of lead C = 30.6 cal kg−1 oC−1 = 128.03 1000
T1 =
J/kg 13
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 ms−1 T1 = 76.92 oC
height (h) = 100 m Similarly,
We know that, For option (b)
Potential Energy = Sensible heat 30 × C × (T2 − 300) = 15 × C × (0o − T2)
mgh = m × C × ∆T 2(T2 − 300) = −T2
3T2 = 300
g×h
∆T = T2 = 100oC
C For option (c)
9.8 × 100 m1 × C × (T3 − 300) = m3 × C × (0o − T3)
=
128.03 30 × C × (T3 − 300) = 3 × C × (0°C − T3)
∆T = 7.654 oC 10T3 − 3000 = −3T3
447. An amount of water of mass 20 g at 0ºC is 13T3 = 3000
mixed with 40 g of water at 10ºC. Final T3 = 230.76 oC
temperature of mixture is For option (d)
(a) 20ºC (b) 6.67ºC m1 × C × (T4 − 300 oC) = m4 × Ccu × (0oC − T4)
(c) 5ºC (d) 0ºC 0.1
EAMCET-1996 30 × 1 × (T4 − 300) = 180 × × ( 0°C − T4 )
10
Ans. (b) : Given, mass of Water (m1) = 20g 300 × 1 × (T4 − 300) = 18 (0 − T4)
Temperature (T1) = 0oC 50T4 − 15000 = −3T4
Mass of mixed water (m2) = 40 g T4 = 283.01 oC
Temperature (T2) = 10oC ∴ From all the value of Temperature
Let suppose that the final temperature = Tf T1, T2, T3 & T4
We know that, ⇒ T4 > T3 > T2 > T1
Heat gain = Heat release ∴It means that greatest cooling effect is in temperature
m1C(Tf − ToC) = m2C (T2 − Tf) T 1.
20 × C (Tf − 0oC) = 40 × C × (10oC − Tf) 449. A lead bullet of mass 21g travelling at a speed
Tf − 0o = 20oC − 2Tf of 100 m/s comes to rest in a wooden block. If
3Tf = 20oC no heat is taken away by the wood, the rise in
temperature of the bullet in the wood nearly is
20o C
Tf = [specific heat of lead = 30 cal/kg ºC]
3 (a) 25ºC (b) 28ºC
Tf = 6.67 oC (c) 33ºC (d) 39ºC
448. 30 g of water at 300ºC is in a breaker. Which of EAMCET-1998
the following, when added to water, will have Ans. (d) : Given, mass of bullet = 21 gm
greater cooling effect? (specific heat of copper speed of bullet = 100 m/s
= 0.1 cal/gºC) specific heat of lead bullet = 30 cal/kg oC
(a) 100 g of water at 10ºC We know that,
(b) 15 g of water at 0ºC Kinetic Energy = specific heat
(c) 3 g of ice at 0ºC 1
(d) 18 g of copper at 0ºC mv 2 = mc∆T
2
APEAMCET (Medical)-1997
EAMCET-1997 1
× 1002 = 30 × 4.184 × ∆T
Ans. (a) : Given, 2
Mass of water = 30 g 1002
∆T =
Temperature (T) = 300oC 2 × 30 × 4.184
Specific heat of copper = 0.1 cal/g oC ∆T = 39.83 oC

570
450. The relation between melting point of ice and Ans. (c) : When the body will be in black colors all the
pressure is shown by ice line, which will be light gets absorbed because black is the good absorber
(a) with a positive slope where white light emits or reflect all the light coming
(b) with a negative slope towards it. Therefore man with a dark skin will
experience more heat and less cold in comparison to
(c) parallel to pressure axis white skin people
(d) parallel to temperature axis
453.
EAMCET-1999
Ans. (b) :

The graph given above indicates change in

temperature (θ) when heat (Q) was given to a
substance. Which among the following parts of
the graph correctly depict the latent heat of the
substance?
(a) AB and BC (b) BC and DE
(c) CD and DE (d) DE and AB
As shown in the figure as the melting point decreases NDA (I) 2012
with increase in pressure, this is negative slope when Ans. (b) : Latent heat:- The amount of heat required to
the relation between the melting point of ice and change the phase of a substance without changing the
pressure. temperature is called the latent heat of that substance.
451. A lead bullet of mass 10 g travelling at 300 m/s As shown in the figure
strikes against a block of wood and comes to
rest. Assuming 50% of heat is absorbed by the
bullet, the increase in its temperature is
(specific heat of lead = 150 J/kg ºC)
(a) 100ºC (b) 125ºC
(c) 150ºC (d) 200ºC
EAMCET-2001
Ans. (c) : Given, Part BC and DE doest not have change in temperature
mass of lead bullet = 10 g therefore it shows latent heat.
speed of lead bullet = 300 m/s 454. The amount of heat required to change a liquid
50% of heat is absorbed by the bullet to gaseous state without any change in
Kinetic Energy temperature is known as
Remaining 50% Heat = (a) specific heat capacity
2 (b) mechanical equivalent of heat
Kineticenergy (c) latent heat of vaporization
= specific heat (d) quenching
2
NDA (I) 2017
1
mv 2 Ans. (c) : When a substance changes from a liquid to a
2 = mc∆T vapor, the heat involved is known as the latent heat of
2 vaporization. Similarly, when a substance changes from
v2 solid to liquid, the heat involved is known as the latent
= c∆T heat of fusion.
4
455. Which of the following statements about
3002 specific heat of a body is/are correct?
∆T =
4 ×150 1. It depends upon mass and shape of the body
∆T = 150oC 2. It is independent of mass and shape of the
452. A man with a dark skin, in comparison with a body
man with a white skin, will experience 3. It depends only upon the temperature of the
body
(a) less heat and less cold
Select the correct answer using the code given
(b) less heat and more cold below:
(c) more heat and less cold (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3
(d) more heat and more cold (c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 only
NDA (I) 2010 NDA (I) 2018
571
Ans. (b) : Specific heat (c) of a body is the amount of Ans. (d) : Length of rod AB = 30 cm
heat required for a unit mass of body to raise the Area of cross – section = 1cm2
temperature by 1 degree celsius. Length of rod BC = 20 cm
∴ Q = mC∆T Temperature at End A = 20oC
Q Temperature at End B = 40oC
C= Lalent heat of Ice = 80 cal g−1
m.∆T
Specific heat capacity is a material property so it is We know that,
independent of mass and shape of the body and Total Heat Q = QAC + QBC
dependent of temperature of the body. Also specific ∆T ∆T
= AC + BC
heat is an intensive property. So it depends on L AC L BC
temperature and independent of mass. KA KA
456. Which of the following statements about latent 20 40
heat for a given substance is/are correct? = +
10 × 10−2 20 ×10−2
1. It is fixed at a given temperature
336 × 10−4 336 × 10−4
2. It depends upon the temperature and
20 20
volume = +
3. It is independent of temperature and 2.9761 2.9761
volume 40
=
4. It depends on the temperature but 2.9761
independent of volume Q = 13.44 Calorie
Select the correct answer using the code given Q
∴ Rate of melting ice =
below: Latent Heat
(a) 2 (b) 1 and 3 13.44 / 420
(c) 4 only (d) 1 and 4 = g /s
80
NDA (I) 2018 = 40 mg/s
Ans. (b) : Latent heat is define as the amount of heat
458. A steam at 100oC is passed into 1 kg of water
required to change the phase of a substance without contained in a calorimeter of water equivalent
changing the temperature is called the latent heat of that 0.2 kg at 9oC till the temperature of the
substance. calorimeter and water in it is increased to 90oC.
The change in phase occurs at constant temperature for The mass of steam condensed in kg is nearly
example ice at 0oC change into water at 0oC, here the (specific heat of water = 1 cal/goC, latent heat of
temperature is constants but the volume of the object vaporisation = 540 cal/g)
while changing the state is fixed or independent. (a) 0.81 (b) 0.18
Latent heat, Q = mL (c) 0.27 (d) 0.54
457. In the figure shown, AB is a rod of length 30 AP EAMCET -2014
cm, area of cross-section 1 cm2 and thermal Ans. (b) : Given,
conductivity 336 SI units. The ends A and B Initial temperature of calorimeter and water (T1) = 9oC
are at constant temperatures 20°C and 40°C Final temperature of calorimeter and water (T2) = 90oC
respectively. A point C of the rod is connectedLatent heat of vaporisation (Lv) = 540 cal/g
to ice at 0°C in a thermally insulated box D Mass of water = 1 kg = 1000g
through a highly conducting wire of negligible Water equivalent of calorimeter = 200 g
heat capacity. The rate at which ice melts in the
We know that,
box is (Lice = 80 cal g–1) ms × Lv = (mwsw + mcsc)∆T
ms × 540 = (1000 × 1 + 200 × 1) × (90 − 9)
1200 × 81
ms =
540
ms = 180 g
ms 0.18 kg
459. The power of a black body at temperature
200K is 544 W. Its surface area is
(a) 84 mgs–1 (b) 84 gs–1 (σ = 5.67 × 10–8 Wm–2 K–4)
(a) 6 × 10–2 m2 (b) 6 m2
–2 2
(c) 20 mgs–1 (d) 40 mgs–1 (c) 6 × 10 m (d) 6 × 102 m2
AP EAMCET-24.04.2018, Shift-II AP EAMCET(Medical)-2007
572
Ans. (b) : Given, Temperature of black body = 200 K 5
(a) 3 (b)
Power (P) = 544 W 2
For black body ∈ = 1 5 7
(c) (d)
We know that, 3 2
Power (P) = σT4A∈ AP EAMCET (Medical)-07.10.2020, Shift-I
Ans. (b) : By the graph V – T, It is a straight line
P = 5.67 × 10−8 × 2004 × A×1 passing through origin.
544 = 5.67 × 10−8 × 2004 × A
544
A=
5.67 × 10−8 × ( 200 )
4

A = 6m2
460. Two beakers A and B are filled to the brim
with water at 4°C. When A is heated and B is
cooled, the water V ∝ T ( at constant pressure)
(a) level in B decreases Heat absorbed (∆Q) = nC p ∆T
(b) will overflow in A only Internal Energy (∆U) = nCv∆T
(c) will overflow in both A and B We know that first law of thermodynamics –
(d) level in a decreases ∆Q = ∆U + ∆W
COMEDK 2016 ∆W = ∆Q – ∆U
Ans. (c) : Density of water is maximum at 4°C. In both ∆W = nC p ∆T – nC v ∆T
heating and cooling of water from this temperature ∆W = n∆T (Cp – Cv)
level of water rises due to decrease in density, i.e.,
∆Q nC p ∆T
water will overflow in both A and B. ∴ =
∆W n ∆T ( C p – C v )
461. Heat given to a body which raises its
temperature by 1ºC is known as ∆Q Cp
=
(a) water equivalent ∆W C p – C v
(b) thermal capacity
∆Q 1
(c) specific heat =
∆W  C v 
(d) temperature gradient  1 – 
NDA (II) 2014  Cp 
Ans. (b) : Thermal Capacity–It is the amount of heat For helium gas, Cv/Cp = 3/5
required to raise the temperature of the body through ∆Q 1
=
1°C is called thermal capacity. ∆W 1 − 3 / 5
Q ∆Q 5
C= =
∆T ∆W 2
Specific Heat–It is the amount of heat required to raise 463. Heat given to a body which raises its
the temperature of 1g of substance through 1°C is know temperature by 1ºC is known as
as specific heat. (a) water equivalent
(b) thermal capacity
Q
C= (c) specific heat
m∆T (d) temperature gradient
462. Volume 'V' versus temperature 'T' graph of NDA (II) 2014
two moles of helium gas is as shown in figure. Ans. (b) : Thermal Capacity–It is the amount of heat
The ratio of heat absorbed and the work done required to raise the temperature of the body through
by the gas is process 1-2 is _______ 1°C is called thermal capacity.
Q
C=
∆T
Specific Heat–It is the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of 1g of substance through 1°C is know
as specific heat.
Q
C=
m∆T
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