The Hashemite University

Faculty of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Department

HVAC Project

Group members with ID Numbers:

Sami Arafat Abushanab (2044546)

Hussein Ziad Hussein Jawarneh (1931984)

Aws Hussein Ahmad Dalou' (2030349)
 • Introduction:
An HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system is an integral part of any
building's infrastructure. Its primary purpose is to ensure a comfortable and healthy indoor
environment by regulating temperature, humidity, and air quality.

The heating component of the HVAC system ensures the building remains warm during cold
weather conditions. This can be done through various methods such as furnaces, heat pumps, or
boilers. These heating systems distribute warm air or water through a network of ducts or pipes,
providing warmth to each room and ensuring occupants are comfortable.

Ventilation is another critical function of the HVAC system as it helps remove stale air and
replace it with fresh air from outside. Proper ventilation is crucial for maintaining good indoor
air quality, as it removes pollutants, odors, and excess moisture. Ventilation can be achieved
through natural airflow, mechanical systems (such as fans or blowers), or a combination of both.

The air conditioning aspect of the HVAC system plays a vital role in cooling indoor spaces
during hot and humid weather. It works by removing heat and moisture from the air through a
refrigeration cycle. The cooled and dehumidified air is then circulated back into the building,
providing relief and comfort to occupants.

In addition to these primary functions, HVAC systems may often incorporate additional features.
These can include air filtration systems to remove dust, pollen, and other allergens from the air,
thus improving indoor air quality. Energy-efficient technologies, such as programmable
thermostats and variable speed motors, are often integrated into HVAC systems to optimize
energy consumption and reduce utility costs. Zoning capabilities also allow for customized
temperature control in different areas or rooms within a building, ensuring individual comfort
preferences are met.
• AutoCAD drawing:
• HAP calculations:
• Duct sizer calculations:
1. Heating load calculations:

Assumptions:

• Ti = 25 °C, To = 12 °C
• Windows are double glass, aluminum frame and exposure.
• Doors are 45mm-wood, without storm door
• Walls are Type 1 in the HVAC book.
• Ceiling is type 1 in the HVAC book.
• U value of walls had been taken from table (5-6).
• U value of windows had been taken from table (5-4).
• U value of doors had been taken from table (5-5).
• U value of the ceiling had been taken from table (5-7).
• Number of air change per hour from table (6-1).
• Equation of infiltration is (6-7)
• The space below floor is conditioned.
For the Living room:

Area of the East wall = 4.1*3 = 12.3 m2

Area of the South wall = 4.3*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 11.1 m2

Area of ceiling = 4.1*4.3 = 17.63 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

Area of doors except the entrance door = 2 * 0.9 = 1.8 m2

Q walls = UA(Ti-To) = 1.2*(11.1+12.3)*(25-12) = 365.04 W

Q ceiling = UA(Ti-To) = 0.88*17.63*(25-12) = 201.6872 W

Q window = UA(Ti-To) = 3.2*1.8*(25-12) = 74.88 W

Q door = UA(Ti-To) = 2.7*1.8*(25-12) = 63.18 W

The value of changing per hour for the living room is from table (6-1) = 1 changing/hour

Volume of the living room = 4.3*4.1*3 = 52.89 m3

Vf = volume of the room * changing per hour = 52.89 m3/hour

Q inf = (1250/3600)* Vf *(Ti-To) = (1250/3600)*53.89*(25-12) = 238.74 W

Q total = 238.4+63.18+74.88+201.6872+365.04 = 943.5272 W

For the kitchen:

Area of the East wall = 3*3 = 9 m2

Area of the North wall = 3*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 7.2 m2

Area of ceiling = 3*3 = 9 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

Area of doors except the entrance door = 2 * 0.9 = 1.8 m2

Q walls = UA(Ti-To) = 1.2*(9+7.2)*(25-12) = 252.72 W

Q ceiling = UA(Ti-To) = 0.88*9*(25-12) = 102.96 W

Q window = UA(Ti-To) = 3.2*1.8*(25-12) = 74.88 W

Q door = UA(Ti-To) = 2.7*1.8*(25-12) = 63.18 W

The value of changing per hour for the kitchen from table (6-1) = 1 changing/hour

Volume of the kitchen = 3*3*3 = 27 m3

Vf = volume of the room * changing per hour = 27 m3/hour

Q inf = (1250/3600)* Vf *(Ti-To) = (1250/3600)*27*(25-12) = 121.875W

Q total = 252.72+102.96+74+63.18+121.875= 615.615W

For the first bedroom:

Area of the North wall = 3.3*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 8.1 m2

Area of ceiling = 3.3*3 = 9.9 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

Area of doors except the entrance door = 2 * 0.9 = 1.8 m2

Q walls = UA(Ti-To) = 1.2*(8.1)*(25-12) = 126.36 W

Q ceiling = UA(Ti-To) = 0.88*9.9*(25-12) = 113.256 W

Q window = UA(Ti-To) = 3.2*1.8*(25-12) = 74.88 W

Q door = UA(Ti-To) = 2.7*1.8*(25-12) = 63.18 W

The value of changing per hour for the first bedroom from table (6-1) = 1 changing/hour

Volume of the first bedroom = 3.3*3*3 = 29.7 m3

Vf = volume of the room * changing per hour = 29.7 m3/hour

Q inf = (1250/3600)* Vf *(Ti-To) = (1250/3600)*29.7*(25-12) = 134.0625 W

Q total = 126.36+113.256+74.88+63.18= 511.7385 W

For the WC:

Area of the West wall = 3*3 = 9 m2

Area of the North wall = 2.8*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 6.6 m2

Area of ceiling = 2.8*3 = 8.4 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

Area of doors except the entrance door = 2 * 0.9 = 1.8 m2

Q walls = UA(Ti-To) = 1.2*(9+6.6)*(25-12) = 243.36 W

Q ceiling = UA(Ti-To) = 0.88*8.4*(25-12) = 96.096 W

Q window = UA(Ti-To) = 3.2*1.8*(25-12) = 74.88 W

Q door = UA(Ti-To) = 2.7*1.8*(25-12) = 63.18 W

The value of changing per hour for the WC is from table (6-1) = 1 changing/hour

Volume of the WC = 2.8*3*3 = 25.2 m3

Vf = volume of the room * changing per hour = 25.2 m3/hour

Q inf = (1250/3600)* Vf *(Ti-To) = (1250/3600)*25.2*(25-12) = 113.75 W

Q total = 243.36+96.096+74.88+63.18+113.75= 591.266 W

For the Second bedroom:

Area of the West wall = 2.95*3 = 8.85 m2

Area of the South wall = 3.3*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 8.1 m2

Area of ceiling = 2.95*3.3 = 9.735 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

Area of doors except the entrance door = 2 * 0.9 = 1.8 m2

Q walls = UA(Ti-To) = 1.2*(8.85+8.1)*(25-12) = 264.42 W.

Q ceiling = UA(Ti-To) = 0.88*9.735*(25-12) = 111.368 W.

Q window = UA(Ti-To) = 3.2*1.8*(25-12) = 74.88 W.

Q door = UA(Ti-To) = 2.7*1.8*(25-12) = 63.18 W.

The value of changing per hour for the second bedroom is from table (6-1) = 1 changing/hour

Volume of the second bedroom = 3.3*2.95*3 = 29.205 m3.

Vf = volume of the room * changing per hour = 29.205 m3/hour.

Q inf = (1250/3600)* Vf *(Ti-To) = (1250/3600)*29.205*(25-12) = 131.83 W.

Q total = 264.42+111.368+74.88+63.18+131.83 = 645.678 W.

For the corridor:

Area of the West wall = 1.15*3 = 3.45 m2

Area of the South wall = 1.5*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 2.1 m2

Area of ceiling = (3.795+6.15)= 9.945 m2

Area of the entrance door = 2 * 1.2 = 2.4 m2

Q walls = UA(Ti-To) = 1.2*(3.45+2.1)*(25-12) = 86.58 W.

Q ceiling = UA(Ti-To) = 0.88*9.945*(25-12) = 113.7708 W.

Q door = UA(Ti-To) = 2.7*2.4*(25-12) = 63.18 W.

The value of changing per hour for the corridor is from table (6-1) = 1.5 changing/hour

Volume of the second bedroom = (1.5*4.1*3)+(1.15*3*3.3) = 29.835 m3.

Vf = volume of the room * changing per hour = 44.7525 m3/hour.

Q inf = (1250/3600)* Vf *(Ti-To) = (1250/3600)*44.7525*(25-12) ≈ 202 W.

Q total = 86.58+113.7708+63.18= 486.5908 W.

Q (heating)Total = 3794.4147 W ≈ 3.8 KW

2. Cooling load calculations:

Assumptions:

• Solar time is 14:00.

• Month is August.
• Mid construction.
• Walls are dark, group B.
• Roof is light, type 6 in the book and no attic or roof fan.
• Windows are without interior shading, ho = 22.7 and thickness 6mm.
• Lighting is 35 w/ m2, fixture x, fluorescent lamps operating fully 10 hours after 8
AM.
• Inside conditions: 25 °C, with humidity 50%
• Outside conditions: 35 °C, with humidity 50%
• T O,M = 27 °C
• (CLTD) Values of the walls had been taken from table (9-4).
• (CLTD) Values of the ceiling had been taken from table (9-1).
• (LM) Values had been taken from table (9-2).
• (SHG) Values of the glass had been taken from table (9-7).
• (SC) Values of the glass had been taken from table (9-8).
• (CLF) Values of the glass had been taken from table (9-10).
• The equation used in correction is (9-3).
• (CLTD) Values of the glass had been taken from table (9-12).
• The sensible and latent values of the occupants had been taken from table (4-2).
• The (CLF) Values of the occupants had been taken from table (4-3).
• Enthalpies values had been Taken from the psychrometric chart.
For the Living room:

Area of the East wall = 4.1*3 = 12.3 m2

Area of the South wall = 4.3*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 11.1 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

CLTD of the East wall = 13

(CLTD)corr = (CLTD + LM)k+(25.5 - Ti)+(To,m – 29.4)f

(CLTD)Corr = (13+0)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 11.1

Q East Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(12.3)*(11.1) = 163.836 W

CLTD of the South wall = 7

(CLTD)Corr = (7+0.5)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 5.6

Q South Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(11.1)*(5.6) = 74.592

Q tr = A(SHG)(SC)(CLF) = 1.8*350*0.94*0.58 = 343.476 W

CLTD = 7

(CLTD)Corr = (7+0.5)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 5.6

Q conv = UA(CLTD)corr = 3.2*1.8*5.6 = 32.256 W

Q cooling of the living room = Q walls + Q window = (163.836+74.592)+(343.476+32.256) =

614.16 W
For the Kitchen:

Area of the East wall = 3*3 = 9 m2

Area of the North wall = 3*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 7.2 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

CLTD of the East wall = 13

(CLTD)corr = (CLTD + LM)k+(25.5 - Ti)+(To,m – 29.4)f

(CLTD)Corr = (13+0)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 11.1

Q East Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(9)*(11.1) = 119.88 W

CLTD of the North wall = 5

(CLTD)Corr = (7-1.1)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 2

Q North Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(7.2)*(2) = 17.28 W

Q tr = A(SHG)(SC)(CLF) = 1.8*117*0.94*0.75 = 82.485 W

CLTD = 7

(CLTD)Corr = (7-1.1)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 4

Q conv = UA(CLTD)corr = 3.2*1.8*4 = 23.04 W

Q cooling of the kitchen = Q walls + Q window = (119.88+17.28)+(82.485+23.04) = 242.685

W
For the first bedroom:

Area of the North wall = 3*3*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 8.1m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

CLTD of the North wall = 5

(CLTD)Corr = (7-1.1)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 2

Q North Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(8.1)*(2) ≈ 20 W

Q tr = A(SHG)(SC)(CLF) = 1.8*117*0.94*0.75 = 82.485 W

CLTD = 7

(CLTD)Corr = (7-1.1)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 4

Q conv = UA(CLTD)corr = 3.2*1.8*4 = 23.04 W

Q cooling of the First bedroom = Q walls + Q window = (20)+(82.485+23.04) = 125.525 W

For the WC:

Area of the West wall = 3*3 = 9 m2

Area of the North wall = 2.8*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 6.6 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

CLTD of the West wall = 8

(CLTD)corr = (CLTD + LM)k+(25.5 - Ti)+(To,m – 29.4)f

(CLTD)Corr = (8+0)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 6.1

Q West Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(9)*(6.1) = 65.88 W

CLTD of the North wall = 5

(CLTD)Corr = (7-1.1)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 2

Q North Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(7.2)*(2) = 17.28 W

Q tr = A(SHG)(SC)(CLF) = 1.8*117*0.94*0.75 = 82.485 W

CLTD = 7

(CLTD)Corr = (7-1.1)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 4

Q conv = UA(CLTD)corr = 3.2*1.8*4 = 23.04 W

Q cooling of the WC = Q walls + Q window = (65.88+17.28)+(82.485+23.04) = 294.2W

For the second bedroom:

Area of the South wall = 3.3*3 – (1.2*1.5) = 8.1 m2

Area of the West wall = 2.95 * 3= 8.85 m2

Area of windows = 1.2 * 1.5 = 1.8 m2

CLTD of the South wall = 7

(CLTD)corr = (CLTD + LM)k+(25.5 - Ti)+(To,m – 29.4)f

(CLTD)Corr = (7+0.5)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 5.6

Q South Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(8.1)*(5.6) = 54.432 W

CLTD of the West wall = 8

(CLTD)Corr = (8-0)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 6.1

Q West Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(8.85)*(6.1) = 67.782 W

Q tr = A(SHG)(SC)(CLF) = 1.8*350*0.94*0.58 = 343.476 W

CLTD = 7

(CLTD)Corr = (7+0.5)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 5.6

Q conv = UA(CLTD)corr = 3.2*1.8*4 = 32.256 W

Q cooling of the second bedroom = Q walls + Q window = (54.432+67.782)+(343.476+32.256)

= 497.946 W
For the corridor:

Area of the West wall = 3*1.15 = 3.45 m2

Area of the south wall =1.5*1.3– (1.2*2) = 2.1 m2

CLTD of the West wall = 8

(CLTD)corr = (CLTD + LM)k+(25.5 - Ti)+(To,m – 29.4)f

(CLTD)Corr = (8+0)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 6.1

Q West Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(3.45)*(6.1) = 25.254 W

CLTD of the South wall = 7

(CLTD)Corr = (7+0.5)*1+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 5.6

Q South Wall = UA(CLTD)corr = 1.2*(2.1)*(5.6) = 14.112 W

Q cooling of the corridor = 25.254+14.112 ≈ 40 W

For the ceiling of the apartment:

Area of the ceiling = 9.1 * 7.1 = 64.61 m2

(CLTD) = 24
(CLTD)corr = (CLTD + LM)k+(25.5 - Ti)+(To,m – 29.4)f

(CLTD)Corr = (24-0.5)*0.5+(25.5 – 25) + (27 – 29.4)*1 = 9.85

Q = UA(CLTD)Corr = 0.88*64.61*9.85 ≈ 560 W.

For the lighting of the apartment:

Q = P*Fu*Fb*(CLF) = 35*(64.61)*1*1.2*0.78 = 2116.6236 W

For the Occupants of the apartment:

Q = n(sensible*(CLF)occ * latent) = 3(70*0.8+45) = 303 W

For the infiltration of the apartment:

Volume of the apartment = 9.1 *7.1 *3 = 193.83 m3
Changing per hour for each room : (1)+(1)+(1)+(1)+(1)+(1.5) = 6.5
hi = 50.5, ho = 80.5, v0 = 0.87 and Vf = 6.5*193.83 = 1259.895 m3/h = 0.34997 m3/s
Q = Vf*(ho- hi)/ v0 = (0.34997*(80.5-50.5)/0.87)*1000 = 12067.93 W

Q (Cooling)Total With infiltration ≈ 4794.07 W ≈ 4.794 KW

Q (Cooling)Total Without infiltration ≈ 16862 W ≈ 16.862 KW

• Conclusion:
In conclusion, HVAC systems are crucial for maintaining a comfortable and healthy
indoor environment. By regulating temperature, humidity, and air quality, these systems
provide optimal comfort and ensure the well-being of occupants. With their heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning functions, HVAC systems play a vital role in modern
buildings, enhancing indoor comfort and overall quality of life.