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Example 5.2

The document outlines the calculation of the cooling load for a 24-hour department store with specific indoor conditions, occupancy, and equipment heat gain. It details the heat gain through walls, windows, doors, and ceilings, as well as solar heat gain and contributions from lighting, equipment, occupants, and ventilation. The final cooling load is computed to assist in selecting suitable split AC units.

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Jouanna Jabbour
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23 views3 pages

Example 5.2

The document outlines the calculation of the cooling load for a 24-hour department store with specific indoor conditions, occupancy, and equipment heat gain. It details the heat gain through walls, windows, doors, and ceilings, as well as solar heat gain and contributions from lighting, equipment, occupants, and ventilation. The final cooling load is computed to assist in selecting suitable split AC units.

Uploaded by

Jouanna Jabbour
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEN515-HVAC N.

Zakhia – NDU – SOE – ME Department


Example 5.2
Consider a department store as shown. The store opens 24/24 hrs. The roof is exposed to outdoor air.
Calculate the cooling load then select suitable “Split AC units”. The data available from the store are:
• Inside conditions: DBT = 24°C, RH = 50%.
• Occupancy: 20 persons with light work.
4 single glass windows
• Equipment heat gain is assumed 2000 W

2 single Glass windows


• Lightings: unknown
• 6 fixed single glass windows (3.0 x 1.2 m each) with Ceiling elevation: 3m
drapery Venetian Blind.

12 m
N
• 2 solid wooden doors (1.5 x 2.1 m each).
• The roof is exposed to outdoor air.
• Construction type: medium walls & heavy roof. E
Items U-values

Wooden
door
Outer walls 1.6 W/m2.°C
Roof 1.5 W/m2.°C
Glass window 3.2 W/m2.°C
18 m Wooden
Wooden doors 1.8 W/m2.°C door
The outdoor design air condition is taken for the hottest month (August) at 2% occurrences as:
DBT = 30.8°C, HR = 19.6
Solution: The cooling load is 𝑪𝑪. 𝑳𝑳. = 𝑸𝑸̇𝑻𝑻 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑺𝑺 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑶𝑶 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑳𝑳 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑬𝑬 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑽𝑽 (𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝑸𝑸̇𝑰𝑰 )
1. Heat Gain through walls, windows, doors, and ceiling: 𝑸𝑸̇𝑻𝑻 = ∑ 𝑼𝑼. 𝑨𝑨. (𝑻𝑻𝒐𝒐 – 𝑻𝑻𝒊𝒊 )

Items Areas, m2 Net area, m2 Item U, W/m2C A, m2 (To – Ti), °C 𝑸𝑸̇, W


wall E (18 x 3) – (1.5 x 2.1) 50.85 wall E 1.6 50.85 (30.8 – 24) 553.25
W (18 x 3) – 4(3 x 1.2) 39.60 W 1.6 39.60 (30.8 – 24) 430.85
S (12 x 3) – (1.5 x 2.1) 32.85 S 1.6 32.85 (30.8 – 24) 357.41
N (12 x 3) – 2(3 x 1.2) 28.80 N 1.6 28.80 (30.8 – 24) 313.34
window W 4(3 x 1.2) 14.4 window W 3.2 14.40 (30.8 – 24) 313.34
N 2(3 x 1.2) 7.20 N 3.2 7.20 (30.8 – 24) 156.67
Door E 1.5 x 2.1 3.15 Door E 1.6 3.15 (30.8 – 24) 38.56
S 1.5 x 2.1 3.15 S 1.6 3.15 (30.8 – 24) 38.56
Roof 12 x 18 216.0 Roof 1.6 216.0 (30.8 – 24) 2,203.2
𝑸𝑸̇𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 4,405.2
2. Solar heat gain: 𝑄𝑄̇𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = (𝑈𝑈 × 𝐴𝐴 × ∆𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠 )𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 + (𝑈𝑈 × 𝐴𝐴 × ∆𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠 )𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 + ∑[𝐴𝐴 × 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 × 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆]𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
Let’s consider 2 cases: (a) based on the peak load, and (b) based on 5 O’clock PM solar time.
Case (a): based on peak load:
Items U, W/m2°C A, m2 ∆Tsun, °C SHGF SC Q, W
N - Wall 1.6 28.80 3 - - 138.24 Thus, the additional sun effect:
N - Window - 7.20 - 116.2 0.50 418.32 The highest in walls & windows + roof.
Sum of N-wall 556.56
𝑸𝑸̇𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 = 𝑸𝑸̇𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾𝑾 𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓
W - Wall 1.6 39.60 23 - - 1457.28
= 𝟔𝟔, 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝑾
W - Window - 14.40 - 688.6 0.50 4,957.92
Sum of W-wall 6,415.20
S - Wall 1.6 32.85 12 - - 630.72
Sum of S-wall 630.72
E - Wall 1.6 50.85 15 - - 1,220.4
Sum of W-wall 1,220.4
Roof 1.5 216.0 16 - - 5,184.0
Case (b): based on 5 o’clock solar time: (the sum of the highest solar effect in walls, windows & roof)

Walls & roof Windows


Direction U A ∆Ts Q, W Direction A W/m2 SC Q, W
North wall 1.6 28.80 2 92.16 North 7.20 116.2 0.50 418.32
West wall 1.6 39.60 17 1077.12 West 14.40 688.6 0.50 4,957.9
East wall 1.6 50.85 8 650.88 Total 5,376.24
South wall 1.6 32.85 11 578.2
Sum 2,400.0
∴ 𝑸𝑸̇𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 = 2,400.0 + 3888.0 + 5,376.24 = 11,663.0 W
Roof 1.5 216.0 12 3888.0

3. Heat from lightings: 𝑄𝑄̇𝐿𝐿 = (𝑊𝑊 ⁄𝑚𝑚2 ) × 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 × 𝐷𝐷. 𝐹𝐹. = 18 × (12 × 18) × 1.0 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝑾
4. Heat from equipment: It is given → 𝑸𝑸̇𝒆𝒆 = 2000 W (given)

𝑄𝑄̇
5. Heat of occupants: 𝑄𝑄̇𝑂𝑂 = 𝑛𝑛 x � � x 𝐷𝐷. 𝐹𝐹. where 𝐷𝐷. 𝐹𝐹. = 0.80 (see table)
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

𝑄𝑄̇
𝑄𝑄̇𝑠𝑠 = 𝑛𝑛 × � � × 𝐷𝐷. 𝐹𝐹. = 20 × 75 × 0.80 = 1200.0 𝑊𝑊
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝑄𝑄̇𝑠𝑠 = 𝑄𝑄̇𝑠𝑠 + 𝑄𝑄̇𝐿𝐿 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝑾
𝑄𝑄̇
𝑄𝑄̇𝐿𝐿 = 𝑛𝑛 × � � × 𝐷𝐷. 𝐹𝐹. = 20 × 55 × 0.80 = 880.0 𝑊𝑊
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

𝐿𝐿
6. Heat of ventilation: 𝑄𝑄̇𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 1.2 × 𝑛𝑛 × � �𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝� × (ℎ𝑜𝑜 − ℎ𝑖𝑖 )
𝑠𝑠

At 𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜 = 30.8℃ & 𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜 = 0.0196 𝑘𝑘𝑔𝑔𝑣𝑣 /𝑘𝑘𝑔𝑔𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 → ℎ𝑜𝑜 = 81.1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 & 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 = 0.888 𝑚𝑚3 /𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
At 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 = 24℃ & 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 50% → ℎ𝑖𝑖 = 47.8 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 & 𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 = 0.0093 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑣𝑣 /𝑘𝑘𝑔𝑔𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐿𝐿⁄𝑠𝑠
𝑄𝑄̇s = 1.23 × 𝑛𝑛 × � � (𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜 − 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 ) = 1.23 × 20 × 3.5 × (30.8 − 24) = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟓 𝑾𝑾
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝐿𝐿⁄𝑠𝑠
𝑄𝑄̇L = 3010 × 𝑛𝑛 × � � (𝑤𝑤𝑜𝑜 − 𝑤𝑤𝑖𝑖 ) = 3010 × 20 × 3.5 × (0.0196 − 0.0093) = 𝟐𝟐, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝑾
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

𝑄𝑄̇𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 𝑄𝑄̇s + 𝑄𝑄̇L = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝑾


𝐿𝐿⁄𝑠𝑠 1 1
We may also need 𝑚𝑚̇𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 𝑛𝑛 × � �× = 20 × 3.5 × = 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝑳𝑳/𝒔𝒔
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑣𝑣0 0.888

7. Heat of infiltration: 𝑄𝑄̇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.333 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 × 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 (𝑇𝑇0 − 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖 )

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 0.47 & 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 12 × 18 × 3 = 648 𝑚𝑚3


𝑄𝑄̇𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 0.333 × 0.47 × 648 × (30.8 – 24) = 690.0 𝑊𝑊
As an exercise, redo 𝑄𝑄̇𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 based on the recommended method. What do you conclude?

Since 𝑸𝑸̇𝑽𝑽 > 𝑸𝑸̇𝑰𝑰 → Therefore, 𝑸𝑸̇𝑽𝑽 will be considered in computing the cooling load → 𝑸𝑸̇𝑽𝑽 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝑾
The total cooling load based on the Peak load method becomes:
𝑄𝑄̇𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡,𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 4,405.2 + 6,415.0 + 3888.0 + 2000 + 1200 + 585.5 = 18,493.7 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵ℎ
𝑄𝑄̇𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡,𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 880.0 + 2,170.0 = 3050.7
𝑸𝑸̇𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 = 𝑸𝑸̇𝑻𝑻 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑺𝑺 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑶𝑶 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑳𝑳 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑬𝑬 + 𝑸𝑸̇𝑽𝑽
= 4,405.2 + 11,600.0 + 3888.0 + 2000.0 + 2080.0 + 2756.0
= 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐, 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝟒𝟒 𝑾𝑾 = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗, 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟎 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩
Selection of the split unit(s):
I propose to install 6 split units (2 units on north side and 4 units on west side). Hence, the cooling capacity
91,200.0
of a single unit is: = 15,200.0 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵ℎ
6

Note: practice recommends that if you choose to install the splits aside from the windows, then add 10% of
the sensible heat gain.

4 Glass Windows

12 m N 2 Glass
Windows

Door Door

Suppose an AHU is installed. Can you provide the specs of the cooling coils and AHU? RSHR? GSHR?

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