Chapter 3 Number Systems
Chapter 3 Number Systems
NUMBER SYSTEMS
The numbers that are commonly used are the decimal Conversions
numbers which involve ten digits, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8 and 9. If we consider the number 526 in the decimal 1. Decimal to binary:
system, it means 5 102 + 2 101 + 6 100. Likewise,
(a) (253)10 = (11111101)2
85.67 means 8 101 + 5 100 + 6 101 + 7 102. The Working:
role played by “10” in the decimal system is referred to
as the “base” of the system. In this chapter, we see the 2 253
numbers expressed in various other bases.
2 126 – 1
2 63 – 0
Base: It is a number which decides the place value of 2 31 – 1
a symbol or a digit in a number. Alternatively, it 2 15 – 1
is the number of distinct digits/symbols that are 2 7 –1
used in that number system. 2 3 –1
1 –1
Note:
(1) The base of a number system can be any integer Note: The remainders are written from bottom to top.
greater than 1.
(2) Base is also termed as radix or scale of notation. (b) (37.3125)10 = (100101.0101)2
Working:
The following table lists some number systems along with The given decimal number has 2 parts:
their respective base and symbols. (i) Integral part 37,
(ii) Fractional part 0.3125.
Number System Base Digits/Symbols (i) Conversion of integral part:
Binary 2 0, 1 2 37
2 18 –1
Septenary 7 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 2 9 –0
Octal 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 2 4 –1
2 2 –0 (37)10 = (100101)2
Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 1 –0
Duodecimal 12 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B
(ii) Conversion of the fractional part:
Hexadecimal 16 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F Multiply the decimal part with 2 successively
and take the integral part of all the products
starting from the first.
A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E = 14, F = 15 and so on. Binary digits
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Subtraction: 3.04. If (624)7 = 312k then find k.
Subtract 1101 from 11010. Sol: (624)7 = (6) (72) (2) (7) (4) (7)0 = 312.
1. 2 (312)k = 3k2 k 2
00202 Given (312)k = (624)7
11010 3k2 k 2 = 312
1101 3k2 k 310 = 0
result 1 1 0 1 (k 10) (3k 31) = 0
k>0
Explanation: Say N = 11010, k = 10
As 1 cannot be subtracted from 0, we borrow 2 from
the next place. This gives 2 1 = 1, as the right 3.05. Find the hexadecimal equivalent of the number
most digit of the result. The penultimate digit of (234567)8.
N would become 0. A similar calculation gives the
3rd digit of the result from the right as 1 and the 4 th Sol: (234567)8
digit of N from the right becomes 0. = (10 011 100 101 110 111)2
We now borrow a 2 from the 5th digit of N, this = (0001 0011 1001 0111 0111)2
makes the 4th digit of N as 2, thereby resulting in = (1 3 9 7 7)16
2 1 = 1 as the 4th digit of the result. = (13977)16
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Concept Review Questions
Directions for questions 1 to 20: For the Multiple Choice Questions, select the correct alternative from the given
choices. For the Non-Multiple Choice Questions, write your answer in the box provided.
1. To express numbers in the binary system, the digits 11. If (3AB)12 = (x)10, then x = .
we use are _______.
(A) 0, 1, 2 (B) 0, 1, 2, 3 12. If (ACD)16 = (x)10, then x = _______.
(C) 0, 1 (D) any digit from 0 to 9 (A) 2765 (B) 6725 (C) 5672 (D) 7625
2. The number of distinct digits we use to express any 13. Which of the following is/are a perfect square?
(A) (121)10 (B) (171)8
number in the octal system is . (C) (A1)12 (D) All the above
8. If (2346)10 = (x)16, then x = _______. 19. The binary representation of an even number ends
(A) 29A (B) 92A (C) 9A2 (D) A29 with _______.
(A) 1 (B) 0
9. Express (13)10 in the octal system. (C) Either (A) or (B) (D) None of these
(A) 15 (B) 11 (C) 17 (D) 51
20. (247)10 = _______.
10. If (121)8 = (x)2, then x = _______. (A) (11110111)2 (B) (367)8
(A) 101001 (B) 1010011 (C) (187)12 (D) All the above
(C) 1010001 (D) 1011001
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Exercise – 3(a)
Directions for questions 1 to 25: For the Multiple Choice Questions, select the correct alternative from the given
choices. For the Non-Multiple Choice Questions, write your answer in the box provided.
1. The binary equivalent of the decimal number 176 is Directions for questions 14 and 15: These questions
_______. are based on the information given below.
(A) (11010101)2 (B) (101010101)2
(C) (10110000)2 (D) (11011011)2 Kiran wanted to weigh 378 kg of wheat. The weighing
stones available with him are one each of 1 kg, 2 kg, 4
2. The octal equivalent of the decimal number kg, 8 kg,16 kg, 32 kg, … etc.
472 is . 14. How many weights does he use in all if only
one side of the balance is used for weighing?
nn 1
(B)
2 10 24. In which of the following scales is 5016 a perfect cube?
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) 7
nn 1
(C) 25. If the arithmetic mean of (12)6 and (33)7 is (10)n, the
2 10
value of n is .
(D) (n)10
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Exercise – 3(b)
Directions for questions 1 to 30: For the Multiple Choice Questions, select the correct alternative from the given
choices. For the Non-Multiple Choice Questions, write your answer in the box provided.
12. If f (x, y, z) = x2 + y2 + z2, then f ((13)5, (13)8, (13)12) ) = 24. A two-digit number in base 7 is such that the
_______. number is equal to thrice the number formed by
(A) (240)10 (B) (140)10 (C) (401)10 (D) (410)10 reversing its digits. The number is _______.
(A) (51)10 (B) (36)10 (C) (36)7 (D) (15)7
13. The square root of the hexa-decimal number 310 is
_______. 25. (11)2 + (11)3 + (11)4 + … + (11)n = _______.
(A) (3C)16 (B) (2C)16 (C) (1C)16 (D) (C1)16 (A) n2 + 3n (B) n2 + 3n 4
n2 3n n2 3n 4
14. The square of (43)8 is _______. (C) (D)
(A) (2311)8 (B) (2131)8 (C) (1321)8 (D) (1234)8 2 2
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26. If „0‟ is concatenated to the right-most digit of Directions for questions 29 and 30: These questions
a positive integer of base „n‟, the number thus formed are based on the information given below.
is _______.
(A) equal to the original number Rajesh found a decimal number which when represented
(B) (n + 1) times the original number in bases 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ends in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
(C) n times the original number respectively.
(D) 3 times the original number 29. What is the smallest positive integer satisfying this
Difficult / Very Difficult … …… .. . property?
Key
1. C 5. B 9. A 13. D 17. D
2. 8 6. 859 10. C 14. 1.125 18. C
3. 11 7. A 11. 563 15. B 19. B
4. 16 8. B 12. A 16. C 20. D
Exercise – 3(a)
Exercise – 3(b)
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