musculature

Principal functions Principal insertion points Muscles

Closing the eye Socket frame, eyelids Orbicularis oculi 1
Closing the mouth Lips Orbicularis oris 2
Opening the mouth Skull, lips Mouth muscles 3
Skull
Closing the jaw (chewing) Temporal 4
(temporal cavity, lower jaw)
Skull
Closing the jaw Masseter 5
(cheekbone, lower jaw)
Tilting and rotating the head Sternum, clavicle, skull Sternocleidomastoid 6
Extending the torso and the head Pelvis, spine, rib cage, skull Spinal muscles 7
Flexing the torso Pelvis, rib cage Rectus abdominis 8
Bending and rotating the torso Pelvis, rib cage Obliques 9
Tilting the scapula,
Spine, scapula, skull Trapezius 10
helping to lift the arm
Tilting the scapula,
Scapula, rib cage Serratus anterior 11
helping to lift the arm
Rotating the scapula Scapula, spine Rhomboid 12
Lowering and adducting the arm Rib cage, clavicle, humerus Pectoral 13
Lowering and rotating the arm Scapula, humerus Teres major 14
Lowering and rotating the arm Pelvis, spine, humerus Latissimus dorsi 15
Rotating the arm Scapula, humerus Infraspinatus 16
Rotating the arm Scapula, clavicle, humerus Deltoid 17
Suspending the arm Scapula, humerus Coracobrachialis 18
Extending the forearm Scapula, humerus, ulna Triceps 19
Extending the forearm Humerus, ulna Anconeus 20
Flexing the forearm Scapula, radius Biceps 21
Flexing the forearm Humerus, ulna Brachialis 22
Flexing the forearm Humerus, radius Brachioradialis 23
Humerus, carpals, Extensors: carpi ulnaris, digitorum
Extending the hand and fingers 24
metacarpals, phalanges communis, 1st and 2nd radials
Ulna, radius, first metacarpal,
Extending the thumb Thumb extensors 25
phalanges
Humerus, carpals, metacarpals, Flexors: carpi ulnaris, digitorum
Flexing the hand and fingers 26
phalanges communis, palmaris longus
Rotating the forearm Humerus, radius Pronator teres 27
Closing the angle between First and second metacarpals,
Interosseous 28
thumb and index finger phalange of the index finger
Carpal, metacarpal,
Flexing the thumb Thumb flexors 29
first phalange of the thumb
Carpal, metacarpal,
Flexing the little finger Little finger flexors 30
first phalange of the little finger
Abducting the thigh Pelvis, femur Gluteus medius 31
Extending the thigh Pelvis, femur Gluteus maximus 32
Flexing the thigh, extending the leg Pelvis, femur, patella, tibia Quadriceps 33
Flexing the leg Pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula Hamstrings 34
Adducting the thigh Pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula Gracilis and adductors 35
Flexing the thigh Pelvis, tibia Tensor muscle of the fascia lata 36
Flexing and rotating the thigh
Pelvis, tibia Sartorius 37
and the leg
Extending the foot Tibia, fibula Soleus 38
Extending the foot Femur, heel Inferior gemellus (gastrocnemius) 39
Extending the foot Femur, heel Superior gemellus (gastrocnemius) 40
Flexing the foot Tibia, first metatarsal Anterior tibialis 41
Extending the toes Tibia, fibula, phalanges Extensors (on foot) 42
Extending the foot Fibula, first and last metatarsals Peroneal 43
Tensing the plantar arch Heel, first phalange of the big toe Abductor muscle of the hallux 44