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Display Decoder

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25 views7 pages

Display Decoder

Uploaded by

hemantha dalugama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Display Decoder

Display Decoder

A Display Decoder is a combinational


circuit which decodes and n-bit input value into a number of output lines to
drive a display

A Digital Decoder IC, is a device which converts one digital format


into another and one of the most commonly used devices for doing
this is called the Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) to 7-Segment Display
Decoder.
7-segment LED (Light Emitting Diode) or LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) type displays, provide a very convenient way of displaying
information or digital data in the form of numbers, letters or even
alpha-numerical characters.
Typically 7-segment displays consist of seven individual coloured
LED’s (called the segments), within one single display package. In
order to produce the required numbers or HEX characters
from 0 to 9 and A to F respectively, on the display the correct
combination of LED segments need to be illuminated and BCD to 7-
segment Display Decoders such as the 74LS47 do just that.
A standard 7-segment LED display generally has eight (8) input
connections, one for each LED segment and one that acts as a
common terminal or connection for all the internal display
segments. Some single displays have also have an additional input
pin to display a decimal point in their lower right or left hand corner.
In electronics there are two important types of 7-segment LED
digital display.
 1. The Common Cathode Display (CCD) – In the common
cathode display, all the cathode connections of the LED’s are
joined together to logic “0” or ground. The individual segments
are illuminated by application of a “HIGH”, logic “1” signal to the
individual Anode terminals.
 2. The Common Anode Display (CAD) – In the common
anode display, all the anode connections of the LED’s are joined
together to logic “1” and the individual segments are
illuminated by connecting the individual Cathode terminals to a
“LOW”, logic “0” signal.

Common Cathode and Common Anode Format

Electrical connection of the individual diodes for a common cathode


display and a common anode display and by illuminating each light
emitting diode individually, they can be made to display a variety of
numbers or characters.

7-Segment Display Decoder Format


So in order to display the number “3” for example,
segments a, b, c, d and g would need to be illuminated. If we
wanted to display a different number or letter then a different set of
segments would need to be illuminated. Then for a 7-segment
display, we can produce a truth table giving the segments that need
to be illuminated in order to produce the required character as
shown below.

Truth Table for a 7-segment display

Individual Segments Individual Segments

Display Display

a b c d e f g a b c d e f g

× × × × × × 0 × × × × × × × 8

× × 1 × × × × × × 9

× × × × × 2 × × × × × × A

× × × × × 3 × × × × × b

× × × × 4 × × × × C

× × × × × 5 × × × × × d
× × × × × × 6 × × × × × E

× × × 7 × × × × F

7-Segment Display Elements for all Numbers.


It can be seen that to display any single digit number from 0 to 9 in
binary or letters from A to F in hexadecimal, we would require seven
separate segment connections plus one additional connection for
the LED’s “common” connection. Also as the segments are basically
a standard light emitting diode, the driving circuit would need to
produce up to 20mA of current to illuminate each individual
segment and to display the number “8”, all seven segments would
need to be lit resulting a total current of nearly 140mA, (8 x 20mA).
Obviously, the use of so many connections and power consumption
is impractical for some electronic or microprocessor based circuits
and so in order to reduce the number of signal lines required to
drive just one single display, display decoders such as the BCD to 7-
Segment Display Decoder and Driver IC’s are used instead.

Binary Coded Decimal


Binary Coded Decimal (BCD or “8421” BCD) numbers are made
up using just 4 data bits (a nibble or half a byte) similar to the
Hexadecimal numbers we saw in the binary tutorial, but unlike
hexadecimal numbers that range in full from 0 through to F, BCD
numbers only range from 0 to 9, with the binary number patterns
of 1010 through to 1111 (A to F) being invalid inputs for this type of
display and so are not used as shown below.
Binary Pattern Binary Pattern

Decimal BCD Decimal BCD

8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 8

1 0 0 0 1 1 9 1 0 0 1 9

2 0 0 1 0 2 10 1 0 1 0 Invalid

3 0 0 1 1 3 11 1 0 1 1 Invalid

4 0 1 0 0 4 12 1 1 0 0 Invalid

5 0 1 0 1 5 13 1 1 0 1 Invalid

6 0 1 1 0 6 14 1 1 1 0 Invalid

7 0 1 1 1 7 15 1 1 1 1 Invalid

BCD to 7-Segment Display Decoders


A binary coded decimal (BCD) to 7-segment display decoder such as
the TTL 74LS47 or 74LS48, have 4 BCD inputs and 7 output lines,
one for each LED segment. This allows a smaller 4-bit binary number
(half a byte) to be used to display all the denary numbers
from 0 to 9 and by adding two displays together, a full range of
numbers from 00 to 99 can be displayed with just a single byte of
eight data bits.

BCD to 7-Segment Display Decoder

The use of packed BCD allows two BCD digits to be stored within a
single byte (8-bits) of data, allowing a single data byte to hold a BCD
number in the range of 00 to 99.
An example of the 4-bit BCD input ( 0100 ) representing the number
“4” is given below.

Display Decoder Example No1


In practice current limiting resistors of about 150Ω to 220Ω would be
connected in series between the decoder/driver chip and each LED
display segment to limit the maximum current flow. There are
different display decoders and drivers available for the different
types of available displays, either LED or LCD. For example, the
74LS48 for common-cathode LED types, the 74LS47 for common-
anode LED types, or the CMOS CD4543 for liquid crystal display
(LCD) types.
Liquid crystal displays (LCD´s) have one major advantage over
similar LED types in that they consume much less power and
nowadays, both LCD and LED displays are combined together to
form larger Dot-Matrix Alphanumeric type displays which can show
letters and characters as well as numbers in standard Red or Tri-
colour outputs.

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