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Circuits1 Chapter2 Lecture2

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16 views21 pages

Circuits1 Chapter2 Lecture2

Uploaded by

Abdulaziz Al-Lahham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electrical Circuits (I) – 0903211

EE Department
The University of Jordan

Instructor: Dr. Yazid Khattabi

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


1
Chapter 2: Basic Laws
Lecture#2
Reference:

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


2
Network Topology
Branch: represents a single element such as a voltage
source or a resistor (two-terminal element.)
Note: a branch can represent elements in series.

 The CKT has 5 branches (or 4 branches ).

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


3
Network Topology
Node: the point of connection between two or more
branches.
 Note: usually indicated by a dot in a CKT.

 The CKT has 3 nodes.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


4
Network Topology
Path: a set of nodes and element passed.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


5
Network Topology
Loop: is ant closed path in a CKT (path from a node
and back to the same node).

 The CKT has 6 loops.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


6
Network Topology
Elements in Series: exclusively share a single node
and consequently carry the same current.

Elements in Parallel: are connected to the same


two nodes and consequently have the same voltage
across them.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


8
Network Topology
EX: determine which elements in series and
which in parallel:

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


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Network Topology

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


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Network Topology

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


11
Kirchhoff’s Laws
 Ohm’s law by itself is not sufficient to analyze circuits.
However, when it is coupled with Kirchhoff’s two laws, we
have a sufficient, powerful set of tools for analyzing a large
variety of electric circuits.

 Kirchhoff’s laws were first introduced in 1847 by the German


physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887).

 These laws are formally known as:


 Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
 Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


12
Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
 KCL: the algebraic sum of currents entering (leaving) a node
(or a closed boundary) is zero.
 Mathematically; for any node:

where 𝑁 is the number of branches connected to the node and


𝑖𝑛 is the 𝑛th current entering (or leaving) the node.

 Note: Kirchhoff’s first law is based on the law of conservation of


charge, which requires that the algebraic sum of charges within a
system cannot change.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


13
Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
 Example on KCL:

 Sum of currents entering = 0

 Sum of currents leaving = 0

 sum of currents entering = sum of currents leaving.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


14
Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
 Example on KCL:

 Sum of currents entering = 0

 Or check Sum of currents leaving = 0

 Or we can write:

Which means:
sum of currents entering = sum of currents leaving.
Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan
15
Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
 Example on KCL:

 Sum of currents entering = 0

 Or check Sum of currents leaving = 0

 Or we can write:

Which means:
sum of currents entering = sum of currents leaving.
Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan
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Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).

 Ref: Hayt, William Hart, Jack Ellsworth Kemmerly, and Steven M.


Durbin. Engineering circuit analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.
Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan
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Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
 Application of KCL: combining current sources in parallel.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


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Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


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Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).

HW: also find the


power absorbed
by each element.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


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Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL).
• Note: In the last two examples are CKTs
are called single-node CKT, in which all
elements are in parallel and connected
between two nodes.
• For such CKTs it is better to apply KCL.

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


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Thank You

Dr. Yazid Khattabi. Electrical Circuits (I). The University of Jordan


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