Speed of Reactions WS1 Answer

1. Answer
Factors Explanation

A higher temperature increases the speed in which the particles move,

Temperature thereby increasing the rate in which particles collide and thus the rate
of reaction.

Smaller particles have a greater surface area for reaction, increasing the
particle size
frequency of effective collision and thus the rate of reaction.
At higher concentration, there are more reactant particles per unit
Concentration volume. Hence the frequency of effective collisions between particles
increases, leading to a faster rate of reaction.

2. Answer
(a) (i)

Mass

Time (s)

(ii) Initially, the rate of reaction is the fastest and the gradient of the curve is the
steepest. This is due to the high concentration of reactants.
However, as the reaction progresses, the rate of reaction slows down and the gradient
of the curve decreases as the reactants are used up.
The reaction stops when all the zinc carbonate are used up and the gradient becomes 0
from the 5 min mark.

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 (b) (i) Answer

Mass

X
Time (s)

(ii) With powdered zinc carbonate, the surface area increases and the frequency of
effective collision increases, leading to increase in speed of reaction.
(c)

Gas Syringe

Dilute HCl

Zinc carbonate Stopwatch

3. Answer
(a) Answer
Change(s) Answer
1 g of granulated calcium carbonate at room temperature Tick
2 g of granulated calcium carbonate at 100°C
1 g of granulated calcium carbonate at 100°C

(b) Answer

B
C

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 Speed of Reactions WS2 Answer
Paper 1
1. A
(A = Nitric acid is limiting. A decrease in concentration would thus reduce the volume of
gas produced and speed of reaction.
B = wrong as experiment 3 is faster
C = wrong as nitric acid is limiting so volume of gas would also be affected
D = Experiment 2 is slower thus a lower temperature)
2. D (Marble chips + lowest concentration)
3. D (Faster and lower volume. Cannot choose C as the number of moles will be the same as
Y)
4. C (not concentration as acid was in excess)
5. B (Acid is in excess, so A is wrong as half the concentration would only affect speed of
reaction)
6. A (fastest when steepest)
7. B (mass decreases with time and most steep at the start)
Paper 2
1. Answer
(a) The gas (CO2) is slightly soluble OR insoluble in water

(b)
(c) Answer
(i) Answer

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 (ii) All the egg shell (calcium carbonate) had been used up
(iii)Based on student’s graph, acceptable range = 41 – 43
(iv) Based on student’s graph, should be around 9/10 = 0.9
(v) As shown à steeper gradient but same final volume
2. Answer
(a) Copper(II) carbonate used up
(b) At higher concentration, there are more reactant particles per unit volume. Hence the
frequency of effective collisions between particles increases, leading to a faster rate of
reaction.
(c) Answer

Experiment 3

3. Answer
(a) The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move about and thus this increases
the frequency of effective collision between particles, thus a faster reaction.

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 (b) Add fixed mass of magnesium strip to hydrochloric acid of fixed concentration
Collect the volume of hydrogen gas collected using a gas syringe and measure the
volume of hydrogen gas collected at regular time intervals (e.g. 30 s or 10 s)
Record the values collected and plot a graph of volume of hydrogen gas collected
against time.
Repeat the experiment using magnesium powder instead of magnesium strip.
Compare the slopes of the graphs to investigate the rate of reaction.
4. Answer
(a) Experiment 1 has a faster rate of reaction than in experiment 2. OR
Experiment 1 took a faster time to complete the reaction than in experiment 2
(b) Powdered calcium carbonate has a larger surface area to volume ratio or larger total
surface area exposed to collisions. This results in higher frequency of effective
collisions, thus greater speed of reaction
(c) CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) à CaCl2 (aq) +CO2 (g) +H2O (l)
(d) Answer

(e) Answer
(i) Exothermic
(ii) Greater energy is given off when bonds of products are formed than energy taken
in from surroundings in breaking bonds of reactants. Hence, there is a net increase
in temperature.
(iii)Using a pH meter or universal indicator.
5. Answer
(a)

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 (b) Experiments I and II/III and IV.
Calcium carbonate lumps have smaller surface area to volume ratio (or less total
surface area) powdered calcium carbonate.
This decreases the probability/frequency of effective collision and thus decreases
the rate of reaction.

(c) Diagram should include a gas syringe for gas collection.

Gas Syringe

Dilute HCl

Calcium carbonate

Steps:
Collect the gas/record the mass of the reaction mixture at regular intervals as excess
calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid.
Repeat the experiment with hydrochloric acid of a different concentration while
keeping all other variables constant.

6. Answer
(a) All the hydrogen peroxide is used up/decomposed.
(b) Answer
(i) Answer

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 (ii) With a lower concentration, the number of particles decrease in the same unit
volume. This results in lower frequency of effective collision and thus lower
rates of reaction.

7. Answer.
(a) Cracking of petroleum/crude oil or metal and acid reactions
(b) Agree with the student. Ammonia does not conduct electricity in the gaseous state as
there are no free moving ions and electrons. In the aqueous state, the presence of free
moving ions allows ammonia to be able to conduct electricity.
(c) (i) No, it is better to use a lower temperature as the percentage of ammonia produced
decreases with higher temperature.
(ii) As the pressure increases, there are more particles per unit volume and the frequency
of effective collision increases. Thus, a higher rate of reaction.
(d) H2 : NH3 = 3 : 2
Max volume of NH3 = 2/3 x 60 = 40 dm3
(e) Answer

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8. Answer
(a) Carbon dioxide is produced and given off during the reaction.
(b) Rate of reaction decreases as time increases. Reactants are used up as time increases,
thus fewer reactant particles remain. When marble chips are totally used up and reacted,
the reaction stops.
(c) Answer

(d) When the concentration of hydrochloric acid decreases, the amount of particles per unit
volume decreases. This decreases the frequency of effective collision and thus the speed
of reaction.
(e) Mass of CO2 = 256.56 – 255.76 = 0.8 g
No of moles = mass/Mr = 0.8/44 = 0.0182 mol (3.s.f)

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 Speed of Reactions Test Answer
Paper 1
1. B (Acid is used up and concentration decreases to 0)
2. A (mass decreases with time, steepest decline at the start)
3. C (powdered + higher temperature)
4. C (excess acid so the concentration will only affect speed; mass doubled = more gas)
5. B

Paper 2
1. Answer

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