V c'. XII. Nov. 22,73.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

401
LONDON, SATURDAT. AOVEUBBR 55, 137i placed at the service of others. The same may be said
of nearly all the learned works which have from time to
time been issued from the well-known house in Parlia-
CONTENTS.—X" 308. ment Street. The death of Mr. Nichols, who was in his
NOTES:—The late John Cough Nichols, Esq., F.S.A.—Field 67th year, took place at his seat at Holmwood, near
Lore, IIL—Holms and Ings, 401.—Ultra Centenarianism, Dorking, on Thursday, the 13th, and will be a source of
No. IV., 403 — Esquire — " Lockerbie Lick" — A Silver deep regret to all who knew him, and cause a void which
Offertory, 405—Coronals in Churches—George Buchanan— will not readily be filled up in that field of literature
Burial of Hamilton ot Bothwellhaugh—Bells at Southfieet, which he had made so peculiarly his own."
Kent, 406. He who did so much in the Gentleman's Maga-
QUERIES :—MS. Chronicles of South Park Abbey, Lincoln- zine, the Register, and elsewhere, to preserve the
shire—Areopagitica—Centaury—The "Black Brunswicker" memory of departed worth, ought himself to be
—Dwelling Houses of Ancient Borne—Heraldic, 407 Sir honourably remembered; and we trust that some
James Lowther, 1792 — Portrait of James II. — Author
Wanted — Scarborough Warning — "Catasow" Beads — Sir one well fitted for the task will do justice to the
William Lovel, 1455—Goffe Family—A Rendezvous of the learned labours and honest independence of JOHN
Jacobites of '15 and '45, 40S—Richard Verstegan, 409. GOUGH NICHOLS.
REPLIES:—Lally-Tolendal, 409 —Italian Works of Art at

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Paris, in 1S15—Publishing the Banns of Marriage, 411—
Treasure Trove, 412 — " Slum" — Changes of Opinion in FIELD-LOEE, III.—HOLMS AND INGS.
Authors, 413—Kilmaurs—Guernsey lilies—An Inquiry into The green banks and islands of our northern
the Meaning of Demoniacks in theN. T.—"Pastoral Annals" rivers and lakes, named consistently holms and
—Caspar Hauser—Russell of Strensham; Worcester, 414—The
Letter " H "—Winchester Bolls—" Bleeth "—Special Forms ings, testify that our forefathers, looking abroad
of Prayer—Welsh Language, 415 — Sir Thomas (Edward?) over the land, found these spots, unlike those named
Ptulison—On the Elective and Deposing Power of Parlia- carr, mire, and moss, fertile, or fit for clewing for
ment—Whiffler—Penance in the Church of England—In- pasturage. No doubt, from our own fathers'
spiration of the Heathen Writers, 416—Gilles de Laval, accounts of aguish complaints, even these were
Seigneur de Retz—The Earliest Mention of Shakspeare, 417—
Bedford House : The Column in Covent Garden—Sinologue watery enough till a late period ; while the Old
—Sir John Mason—" Fatherland"—" Had I not found"— Norse word " trod," by which foot-paths are here
Earldom of Hereford—Nobility Granted for so Many Years, always designated, seems to convey the simple fact
413—" Slx-and-Thirties," 419. that the first paths were formed by the stalwart
Notes on Books, &c. settlers treading down, not removing, the obstacles
they met with.
Holm is an island, and eng a meadow still in
the Scandinavian countries as of old with us.
THE LATE JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, ESQ., F.S.A. Rampsholm* and Lingholm in Windermere, and
Willow Holme in Carlisle, were probably each
All who know how frequent and valuable were named from its product; the last having, like
the communications to these columns for which many other holmes, " lost its insular character,"
we were indebted to the lamented gentleman since the abundant surface-waters were removed by
whose name heads this paragraph, mast have read drainage. These names of fields are found in all
with deep regret, in the Horning Post of Saturday the northern counties, the former much more gener-
the 15th, the following announcement:— ally ; and it seems to prevail in places in the south,
DEATH or MB. JOHN GODGH NICHOLS, F.S.A.—Anti- where, perhaps, its significance may be lost sight of
quarian literature lias just sustained a severe loss in the
death of this accomplished gentleman, the third in a race —as where it is written " The Honime." Some-
of English printers whose names have for upwards of a times an external circumstance has given a dis-
century been closely identified with everything bearing tinction to one in a series of fields of the same
on English typography, genealogy, &c, and of which his character as Stony Holme; sometimes an ancient
grandfather, the author of The Literary Anecdotes, and proprietor's name may be associated for ages after
the historian of Leicestershire, was the first. Of these
Sir. J. Gough NichoU was undoubtedly the most eminent. he is forgotten, as Ambrose (popularly called
Besides editing the Gentleman's Magazine for many Amorous) Holm.
years, he edited the Collectanea Topograpkica and the Eng, or ing, as we write it, seems to belong to
Topographer and Genealogist; and in 1862 commenced
the Herald, and Genealogist, which is still in course of the purely Danish districts, and is so often found
publication; and in all these did good service to the in conjunction with the termination by, in in-
cause of historical truth by his unsparing exposure of all habited places, that there would perhaps be little
false claims to titles and pseudo-genealogies. In addition danger of mistake in admitting it also, as a minor
to numerous papers in the various antiquarian journals, test-word of Danish occupation. As names of
he was the author of many separate works. He was one
of the founders of the Camden Society, and of the hundred fields do not appear in maps, and need only be
and odd volumes illustrative of our national history issued written in parochial records, however, it may not
by that Society, several were edited by him, while nearly be known how extensively it prevails, and that it
all the others contain acknowledgments from their re- is used exactly as in Denmark ; where Marryat
spective editors of their indebtedness to Mr. Nichols,
whose extensive knowledge was always most freely * Eamps, wild onions or chives.—Cumb.
 402 NOTES AND QUERIES. [4» s. xn. Nov. 22,73.
has said that he " was at first puzzled at hearing word in use, where it is understood, as in Green
of' England's Holm,' England's this, and that; till Ing, Bull Ing, Johnny In^s, and Open Ings—know
he found that England was simple parlance for how easily the junction might take place in those
meadow land." field-names left to us, and with the addition of a
The fields with us so named mostly retain their syllable—ham, by, or ton, to indicate habitation—
meadowy character, lying low and too near the how additions might yet be made to that very
rivers to be safely ploughed ; though holms often numerous class of unquestioned Saxon settlements.
intervene, or wythes, pronounced wyse land,* or Eookings and Felling—the one probably having
some border of a different name, not so liable to be been a misty meadow, Mid the other a green oasis
flooded by back-water as the low level ings. in the fell, sometimes called High Felling, seem in
This has'the association to northern rustic ears great danger of being so annexed, and with others,
of rich deep verdure, as in Banish poetry. to have passed the first stage of the process. Also
" Holmes " and Ings are delightful to read of in this unfortunate word may so easily suffer the loss
advertisements, and convey to us far more than of the g, as perhaps in Hollins, formerly spelt Hol-
grand descriptions, of early sheltered spring fresh- lings, a very common name in the Lake district,
ness, with pasturing herds ; of hay crops of fatten- now supposed to mean hollies, which used to grow
ing luxuriance, and of deep rich fog or after grass in wild in exposed places ; while such names as Hol-
autumn. The sense of narrowness or constraint ling and Holling Foot are mostly found in the
which we are told is radically allied to the word, and depths of the valleys and by a river-side; or in other

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which modern Danes call the German sense (adj ective) cases en may be taken for a plural, or ing for the
as in Schiller, " Die enge Bruit," seems to have died sign of a participle, or it may be disguised by pro-
out here, as well as in Denmark, from the noun. I nunciation, as ink, so that except for the excellent
know a tract called " Open Ings," of mixed pro- practice of advertising fields of late by name, by
prietorship, such as in the South are called " Lot- the old possessors, who, knowing their meaning,
meadows," besides several peoples' own ings in the have prevented any translation, as has doubtless
same parish ; and I think Arthur Young mentions often been the case where estates were managed by
ings as a name formerly prevailing in some other legal or ecclesiastic agents, we should not have had
counties. In many parishes in Southern Cumber- so many Ings remaining, nor would our local papers
land, and all over Westmoreland, there are fields be so picturesque. To us who recognize the in-
so named, as " Sandale Ings," a series of meadows fluence of the ancient crops upon the nomenclature
by Sandale Beck, in Ravenstonedale. Near Kendal of the land, as far as opportunities go, it seems as
there is a chapelry and village of Ings, including if this word had been far too hardly dealt with.
both sides of a branch of the Kent river. In Burn When we find a northern word for some plant the
and Nicolson's History it is said that " a field near first member of a compound name, as haver, hether,
Appleby, in Mr. Machell's time, was called ' Doug- hcer, or line—ii the next syllable is holm, or thwaite,
las Ing,' from a battle once fought there with a or rigg, its significance is acknowledged as the
Scottish marauding party, headed by a Douglas"; field, or hill, or cleared place, where of old grew the
and the' editor of the Penriih Herald says that oats, or heath, the hemp or flax ; but if it is haver-
" the field is still known by that name, that it is ing, hether-ing, or hcer or hard-ing, however con-
in the parish of Hoff, and near the old bridge." sistent and expressive, it is added to another
" The great fair at Wakefield is annually held on category.
the Ings," according to Brockett. Ingmire Hall is In the same way holm is sometimes mistaken
a gentleman's seat in Westmoreland, as is Ingwell for ham, and sometimes represented by some, as in
in Cumberland. Ingmire is a field-name near Pen- Branksome. Many persons pronounce Langholm
rith, and Broad Ing and Pye Ing are farms or in Cumberland and Langhara in London alike. I
estates in the same district; and Inghill, Ingshole, was lately puzzled by reading of Linehams in a sale
and many such compound names of places are of property in Westmoreland till I saw the name
found in Westmoreland. written by some better informed person, Lineholmes
This word has, in all probability, been much —the holmes where the flax was cultivated. Line-
wasted, chiefly from its facility of being joined to wath, two Linethwaites, Linefoot, Lindale, and
any descriptive word with which it may be asso- Linacre are all probably from the same old Norse
ciated, and where the proper accent is lost, and and Danish word, liin; as Biggrigg, Biglands, and
its meaning forgotten ; being classed among the Biggarth, are from the Scandinavian term for
evidences of Saxon family settlements; even in barley, yet extant here in " bigg-meal," unrivalled
counties where the names are chiefly Scandinavian. in efficacy as a rustic poultice, and in the " Bigg
Mr. Taylor does admit that " in a few cases, used Market" at Newcastle. Of course I do not speak
as a prefix, it denotes a meadow, as Ingham, In- of places by the river Lyne, nor of any which
grove."t We, who continually see and hear the can possibly owe their name to Celtic linn, a water-
fall, but of districts where it is on record that
* Willowy plots once. " tithe was paid on flax, hemp," &c. It is only
t Ifamei and Placet, by Isaac Taylor.

1 1 1 ' ! ~>
 4-a XIL SOT. 28,.78.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 403
once written line in Burn and Nicolson. Flax is get into their hundreds always are. People were in the
a word not used in rural Cumberland, except as habit of betting that he was only seventy-five years old,
green turf sods, "flacks," the privilege of cutting such a fine, fresh, youthful character was he. A Chicago
newspaper says: 'His habits" through life were those of
which was accorded with " vdnter-rake " in some temperance and vactility.' If this is a typographical
old parishes. M. error, what shall we read for vactility t And if it isn't,
Cumberland. what in the name of Noah Webster is vactility 1 We ask
because we want to live 107 years, be the same more or
less."—Nero York Tribune.
ULTRA-CENTENARIANISM.—No. IV.
THE MAISUR CENTENARIAN—MB. PLANE, 107—COJITE
But this old gentleman's •vactility (whatever that
DE WALDKCK, 107—SIB A. G. TULLOCH'S REPORT—PARISH may be) is exceeded by that of Comte Max de
REOISTERS—MRS. BROOKMAN, 101—MR. MADDISON, 115. Waldeck, who, according to your correspondent
(4th S. xii. 63, 221, 261.) Hermanville, is believed to be now in his 108th
year :—
The last batch of Centenarian communications " I have not yet seen MR. THOHS'S book, but he can
which you have forwarded to me is of a very- have an occasion to satisfy his doubts on this subject as
miscellaneous character. Three of them relate to to one gentleman, Count Max de Waldeck, the celebrated
centenarians resident out of England, and into Central American traveller, who is now living in Paris,
and who was born, it is said, March 16, 1766. Many of

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whose cases it is quite impossible for me to make
those who know him well assert that this can be proved
any inquiries. But it may be as well to put them beyond dispute. His address is 74 or 73, Rue des Martyrs,
on record in your columns for the use of future Paris. He preserves all his faculties, except that his
writers upon the subject. hearing is somewhat impaired. His pictures (' Loisira
The first is an extract from the Englishman, a d'un Centenaire') were much admired at the Paris Ex-
position a year ago. HEBHANVILLK.
Calcutta paper, of the 29th July last, and is printed
" Paris, 30th August, 1873."
exactly as forwarded by C. W. S., with the excep-
tion of a few lines, which, for reasons which the I venture, as this is a case which it is asserted
reader will easily understand, are put in italics :— can be fully established, to add a somewhat fuller
account of this remarkable old gentleman from a
" THE MAISCR CENTEHARIA^.—Colonel Boddam of
Bangalore has been kind enough to furnish us with some recent newspaper cutting sent to me, unfortunately
interesting particulars regarding the ancient Moonshee without the name or date of the paper from which
whose petition we published the other day, which go far it had been taken:—
to prove that the statements in the petition are substan- " Old Parr and Old Jenkins, though the first lived to
tially correct. The Colonel states that the man must the age of 152 and the' second to that of 169 years, seem
be of' very great age.' He was Moonshee of the Colonel's likely to meet with a formidable rival in the person of
regiment, the 15th M. N. I., thirty years ago, ' and that Count de Waldeck, although he, as yet, is but 107. They
he was a very old man, garrulous about Hyder and did nothing in their uneventful lives except grow old,
Tippoo, and the Mahratta wars, and Sir H. Monro, but the Count remains young. I t is said that his claims
under whom he had served.' ' To my great astonish- to be the oldest young man alive are without a flaw.
ment,' adds the Colonel,' he called on me a few days ago. The legal document establishing his etat civil shows him'
I recognized him perfectly. He is infirm, but has his to have been born at Prague'on the 16th of March, 1766.
memory good, and also hears well; his sight is much im- He is a naturalized Frenchman, and, though a contexn-
paired. I questioned him as to his great a^'e; he could porary of Louis XV., has seen all the French Republics,
give no positive proof, all his papers and property having Consulates, and Empires. He travelled for forty yeara
been burnt a year ago.' Colonel Boddam suggests that in Nubia, Abyssinia, Mozambique, Mexico, and Brazil,
there may be some record of this veteran in the office of and has been all round the world. As a captain in the
the Secretary to Government, Military Department, Fort 4th Hussars at Austerlitz, he received a ball that has
St. George. General Browne, a former Secretary, was never been extracted, and which he still feels. He is a
in the loth Regiment, and the old Moonshee tried hard, painter, and exhibited a picture called 'Loisirs d'un
with General Browne's aid, to get a pension in those Centenaire' in the last Salon. At 84 years old he mar-
days. He failed, but more than twenty years ago the ried an Englishwoman of 40, and he has a son aged 22.
officers of the Regiment subscribed and gave him a In 1793 he was manager of the Old Porte-Saint-Martin
handsome sum to help him in his old age. This money Theatre at Paris, and has just been appointed director of
appears to have gone, and he is now dependent on a a new theatre, which will not be finished till he is 109.
relative, a private in the 36th Regiment at Bangalore. He clearly sees no reason why a busy life should be
The Colonel concludes: ' I thought he was dead long inconsistent with growing old and keeping young."
ago. He is well known to several other officers now in
the service as being of very great age. It is a real case The following note touches on a point of great
of extremely long life, and so far interesting to those who importance. I have failed in procuring a copy of
go into the question like the late Sir C. Lewis and Mr. the Report to which your correspondent S. refers,
Thorns.'—Madras Mail."
and hope he will be gcod enough to say where and
The next extract, from the New York Tribune how the Report may be obtained:—
(date not given), records the death of an American " The late Sir A. G. Tulloch's Report to the War Office
centenarian of 107. I have ventured here also to on the Pension Establishment, would afford valuable
put a few significant words in italics:— information on this subject, as showing how often two
lives have been blended into one."
" A fine old gentleman, named Plane, died at Belve-
dere a few days since, at the highly respectable age of If the writer of the following paper refers to
107 years. He was ' hale and hearty'—those men who any of my observations, he will, I trust, forgive