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CIRCLE
 MATHEMATICS CIRCLE

INDEX
KEY CONCEPTS .................................. 3-7
CONCEPT BUIDING-I .............................. 8
CONCEPT BUIDING-II ............................. 9
CONCEPT BUIDING-III .......................... 10
EXERCISE-I ..................................... 11-12
EXERCISE-II ......................................... 13
EXERCISE-III ................................... 14-15
EXERCISE-IV(A) ............................... 16-20
EXERCISE-IV(B) ............................... 21-26
ANSWER KEY .................................. 27-29

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KEY CONCEPTS
STANDARD RESULTS :

1. EQUATION OF A CIRCLE IN VARIOUS FORM:

(a) The circle with centre (h, k) & radius ‘r’ has the equation;
(x  h)2 + (y  k)2 = r2.
(b) The general equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 with centre as:

(g, f) & radius = g2  f 2  c .

Remember that every second degree equation in x & y in which coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2
& there is no xy term always represents a circle.
If g2 + f 2  c > 0  real circle.
g2 + f 2  c = 0  point circle.
g2 +f c<0 
2 imaginary circle.
Note that the general equation of a circle contains three arbitrary constants, g, f & c which corresponds to
the fact that a unique circle passes through three non collinear points.
(c) The equation of circle with (x1 , y1) & (x2 , y2) as its diameter is :
(x  x1) (x  x2) + (y  y1) (y  y2) = 0.
Note that this will be the circle of least radius passing through (x1 , y1) & (x2 , y2).

2. INTERCEPTS MADE BY A CIRCLE ON THE AXES :

2
The intercepts made by the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on the co-ordinate axes are 2 g  c

& 2 f 2  c respectively..

NOTE :
If g2  c > 0  circle cuts the x axis at two distinct points.
If g2 =c  circle touches the x-axis.
If g2 <c  circle lies completely above or below the x-axis.

3. POSITION OF A POINT w.r.t. A CIRCLE :

The point (x1 , y1) is inside, on or outside the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
according as x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c  0 .

Note : The greatest & the least distance of a point A from a circle
with centre C & radius r is AC + r & AC  r respectively.

4. LINE & A CIRCLE :

Let L = 0 be a line & S = 0 be a circle. If r is the radius of the circle & p is the length of the perpendicular
from the centre on the line, then :
(i) p > r  the line does not meet the circle i. e. passes out side the circle.
(ii) p = r  the line touches the circle.
(iii) p < r  the line is a secant of the circle.
(iv) p = 0  the line is a diameter of the circle.

5. PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS OF A CIRCLE :

The parametric equations of (x  h)2 + (y  k)2 = r2 are :
x = h + r cos  ; y = k + r sin  ;   <    where (h, k) is the centre,
r is the radius &  is a parameter.

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Note that equation of a straight line joining two point  &  on the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is

     
x cos + y sin = a cos .
2 2 2

6. TANGENT & NORMAL :

(a) The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 at its point (x1 , y1) is, x x1 + y y1 = a2.
Hence equation of a tangent at (a cos , a sin ) is ;
x cos  + y sin  = a. The point of intersection of the tangents at the points P() and Q() is

   
a cos a sin 2
2 , .
  
cos 2
cos 2

(b) The equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at its point (x1 , y1) is
xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0.

(c) y = mx + c is always a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 if c2 = a2 (1 + m2) and the point of contact

 a 2m a 2 
is   , .
 c c
(d) If a line is normal / orthogonal to a circle then it must pass through the centre of the circle. Using
this fact normal to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at (x1 , y1) is
y1  f
y  y1 = (x  x1).
x1  g

7. A FAMILY OF CIRCLES :
(a) The equation of the family of circles passing through the points of intersection of two circles
S1 = 0 & S2 = 0 is : S1 + K S2 = 0 (K  1).

(b) The equation of the family of circles passing through the point of intersection of a circle S = 0 & a line
L = 0 is given by S + KL = 0.

(c) The equation of a family of circles passing through two given points (x1 , y1) & (x2 , y2) can be written
in the form :

x y 1
(x  x1) (x  x2) + (y  y1) (y  y2) + K x1 y1 1 = 0 where K is a parameter..
x2 y2 1

(d) The equation of a family of circles touching a fixed line y  y1 = m (x  x1) at the fixed point (x1 , y1) is
(x  x1)2 + (y  y1)2 + K [y  y1  m (x  x1)] = 0 , where K is a parameter.
In case the line through (x1 , y1) is parallel to y - axis the equation of the family of circles touching it
at (x1 , y1) becomes (x  x1)2 + (y  y1)2 + K (x  x1) = 0.
Also if line is parallel to x - axis the equation of the family of circles touching it at
(x1 , y1) becomes (x  x1)2 + (y  y1)2 + K (y  y1) = 0.

(e) Equation of circle circumscribing a triangle whose sides are given by L1 = 0 ; L2 = 0 & L3 = 0 is given
by ; L1L2 +  L2L3 +  L3L1 = 0 provided co-efficient of xy = 0 & co-efficient of x2 = co-efficient of y2.

(f) Equation of circle circumscribing a quadrilateral whose side in order are represented by the lines
L 1 = 0, L 2 = 0, L 3 = 0 & L4 = 0 is L 1L3 +   L2L4 = 0 provided co-efficient of
x2 = co-efficient of y2 and co-efficient of xy = 0.

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8. LENGTH OF A TANGENT AND POWER OF A POINT :
The length of a tangent from an external point (x1 , y1) to the circle
2 2
S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is given by L= x1  y1  2 g x1  2 f1 y  c = S1 .
Square of length of the tangent from the point P is also called the power of point w.r.t. a circle.
Power of a point remains constant w.r.t. a circle.
NOTE THAT : power of a point P is positive, negative or zero according as the point ‘P’ is outside, inside
or on the circle respectively.

9. DIRECTOR CIRCLE :
The locus of the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents is called the director circle of the given

circle. The director circle of a circle is the concentric circle having radius equal to 2 times the original
circle.

10. EQUATION OF THE CHORD WITH A GIVEN MIDDLE POINT :

The equation of the chord of the circle S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 in terms of its mid point

x1  g
M (x 1, y1 ) is y  y1 =  (x  x 1). This on simplication can be put in the form
y1  f

xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c

which is designated by T = S1.

NOTE THAT : the shortest chord of a circle passing through a point ‘M’ inside the circle,
is one chord whose middle point is M.

11. CHORD OF CONTACT :

If two tangents PT1 & PT2 are drawn from the point P (x1, y1) to the circle
S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, then the equation of the chord of contact T1T2 is :
xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0.

REMEMBER :
(a) Chord of contact exists only if the point ‘P’ is not inside .

2LR
(b) Length of chord of contact T1 T2 = .
R 2 L2

R L3
(c) Area of the triangle formed by the pair of the tangents & its chord of contact = 2 2
R L
Where R is the radius of the circle & L is the length of the tangent from (x1, y1) on S = 0.

 2R L 
(d) Angle between the pair of tangents from (x1, y1) = tan1  2
 
2
 L R 
where R = radius ; L = length of tangent.
(e) Equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle PT1 T2 is :
(x  x1) (x + g) + (y  y1) (y + f) = 0.
(f) The joint equation of a pair of tangents drawn from the point A (x1 , y1) to the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is : SS1 = T2.
Where S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c ; S1  x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
T  xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c.

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12. POLE & POLAR :
(i) If through a point P in the plane of the circle , there be drawn any straight line to meet the circle
in Q and R, the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at Q & R is called the POLAR
OF THE POINT P ; also P is called the POLE OF THE POLAR.
(ii) The equation to the polar of a point P (x 1 , y1) w.r.t. the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is given by
xx 1 + yy 1 = a 2 , & if the circle is general then the equation of the polar becomes
xx1 + yy1 + g (x + x1) + f (y + y1) + c = 0. Note that if the point (x1 , y1) be on the circle then the chord
of contact, tangent & polar will be represented by the same equation.

 Aa 2 Ba 2 
(iii) Pole of a given line Ax + By + C = 0 w.r.t. any circle x2 + y2 = a2 is   
 C , C  .
 
(iv) If the polar of a point P pass through a point Q, then the polar of Q passes through P.
(v) Two lines L1 & L2 are conjugate of each other if Pole of L1 lies on L2 & vice versa Similarly two points P
& Q are said to be conjugate of each other if the polar of P passes through Q & vice-versa.

13. COMMON TANGENTS TO TWO CIRCLES :

(i) Where the two circles neither intersect nor touch each other , there are FOUR common tangents,
two of them are transverse & the others are direct common tangents.
(ii) When they intersect there are two common tangents, both of them being direct.
(iii) When they touch each other :
(a) Externally : there are three common tangents, two direct and one is the tangent at the
point of contact .
(b) Internally : only one common tangent possible at their point of contact.
(iv) Length of an external common tangent & internal common tangent to the two circles is given by:

2 2
Lext = d  ( r1  r2 ) & Lint = d 2  (r1  r2 ) 2 .

Where d = distance between the centres of the two circles . r1 & r2 are the radii of the two circles.
(v) The direct common tangents meet at a point which divides the line joining centre of circles
externally in the ratio of their radii.
Transverse common tangents meet at a point which divides the line joining centre of circles
internally in the ratio of their radii.

14. RADICAL AXIS & RADICAL CENTRE :

The radical axis of two circles is the locus of points whose powers w.r.t. the two circles are equal. The
equation of radical axis of the two circles S1 = 0 & S2 = 0 is given ;
S1  S2 = 0 i.e. 2 (g1  g2) x + 2 (f1  f2) y + (c1  c2) = 0.
NOTE THAT :
(a) If two circles intersect, then the radical axis is the common chord of the two circles.
(b) If two circles touch each other then the radical axis is the common tangent of the two circles at
the common point of contact.
(c) Radical axis is always perpendicular to the line joining the centres of the two circles.
(d) Radical axis need not always pass through the mid point of the line joining the centres of the
two circles.
(e) Radical axis bisects a common tangent between the two circles.
(f) The common point of intersection of the radical axes of three circles taken two at a time is
called the radical centre of three circles.
(g) A system of circles , every two which have the same radical axis, is called a coaxal system.
(h) Pairs of circles which do not have radical axis are concentric.

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15. ORTHOGONALITY OF TWO CIRCLES :
Two circles S1= 0 & S2= 0 are said to be orthogonal or said to intersect orthogonally if the tangents at
their point of intersection include a right angle. The condition for two circles to be orthogonal is :
2 g1 g2 + 2 f1 f2 = c1 + c2 .

NOTE :
(a) Locus of the centre of a variable circle orthogonal to two fixed circles is the radical axis between the two
fixed circles .
(b) If two circles are orthogonal, then the polar of a point 'P' on first circle w.r.t. the second circle passes
through the point Q which is the other end of the diameter through P . Hence locus of a point which
moves such that its polars w.r.t. the circles S1 = 0 , S2 = 0 & S3 = 0 are concurrent in a circle which is
orthogonal to all the three circles.

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CONCEPT BUILDING - I
1. Find the equation of the circle whose center is (1, -2) and radius is 4.

2. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the point of intersection of the lines 3x – 2y – 1 = 0 and
4x + y – 27 = 0 and whose center is (2, –3).

3. Find the center and radius of the circle whose equation is x2 + y2 –4x + 6y + 12 = 0.

4. Find the equation of the circle, the coordinates of the end points of whose diameter are (–1, 2) and (4,– 3).

5. Find the equation to the circle touching the y-axis at a distance -3 from the origin and intercepting a length
8 on the x-axis.

6. Find the parametric equations of the circle x2 + y2 –4x – 2y + 1 =0

7. Find the equations of the following curves in cartesian form. Also, find the center and radius of the circle x
= a + c cos, y = b + c sin.

8. Discuss the position of the points (1,2) and (6,0) with respect to the circle x2 + y2 –4x + 2y –11 = 0

9. For what value of c will the line y = 2x + c be a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 5?

10. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 – 30x + 6y + 109 = 0 at (4, –1).

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CONCEPT BUILDING - II
1. Find the equation of tangents to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y + 12 = 0 which are parallel to the line 4x + 3y
+ 5 = 0.

2. Find the equation of the normal to the circle x2 + y2 – 5x + 2y –48 = 0 at the point (5,6).

3. Find the equation of the pair of tangents drawn to the circle x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y = 0 from the point (0,1).

4. Find the length of the tangent drawn from the point (5,1) to the circle x2 + y2 + 6x – 4y – 3 = 0.

5. Find the equation of director circle of the circle (x – 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 2.

6. Find the equation of the chord of contact of the tangents drawn from (1, 2) to the circle
x2 + y2 –2x + 4y + 7 = 0.

7. Tangents are drawn to the circlex2 + y2 = 12 at the points where it is met by the circle x2 + y2 – 5x+3y–2=0;
find the point of intersection of these tangents.

8. Find the equation of the polar of the point (2, –1) with respect to the circle x2 + y2 – 3x + 4y – 8 = 0

9. Find the pole of the line 3x + 5y + 17 = 0 with respect to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 9 = 0.

10. Find the equation of the chord of the circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y – 11 = 0, whose middle point is (1, –1)

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CONCEPT BUILDING - III

1. Examine if the two circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0 and x2 + y2 – 8y – 4, touch each other externally or
internally.

2. Obtain the equation of the circle orthogonal to both the circles x2 + y2 + 3x – 5y + 6 = 0 and 4x2 + 4y2 –28x
+ 29 = 0 and whose center lies on the line 3x + 4y + 1 = 0.

3. Find the co-ordinates of the point from which the lengths of the tangents to the following three circles be
equal.
3x2 + 3y2 + 4x – 3y –1 = 0
2x2 + 2y2 – 3x – 2y –4 = 0
2x2 + 2y2 – x + y – 1 = 0

4. Find the equations of the circles passing through the points of intersection of the circles x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y
– 4 = 0 and x2 + y2 – 10x – 12y + 40 = 0 and whose radius is 4.

5. Find the equations of circles which touches 2x – y + 3 = 0 and pass through the points of intersection of the
line x + 2y –1 = 0 and the circle x2 + y2 – 2x + 1 = 0

6. Find the equation of circle passing through the points A(1, 1) and B(2, 2) and whose radius is 1.

7. Find the equation of the circle passing through the point (2,1) and touching the line x + 2y – 1 = 0 at the
point (3, –1).

8. If two circles (x –1)2 + (y – 3)2 = r2 and x2 + y2 – 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 intersect in two distinct point then
(A) 2 < r < 8 (B) 4 < 2 (C) r = 2 (D) r > 2

9. The number of common tangents that can be drawn to the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 3 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2x
+ 2y + 1 = 0 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

10. If P(2, 8) is an interior point of a circle x2 + y2 –2x + 4y – p = 0 which neither touches nor intersects the
axes, then set for p is
(A) p < – 1 (B) P < – 4 (C) p > 96 (D) 

11. If –3l2 – 6l – 1 + 6m2 = 0, find the equation of the circle for which lx + my + 1 = 0 is a tangent.

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EXERCISE - I
1. Determine the nature of the quadrilateral formed by four lines 3x + 4y – 5 = 0; 4x – 3y – 5 = 0;
3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 4x – 3y + 5 = 0. Find the equation of the circle inscribed and circumscribing this
quadrilateral.

2. Suppose the equation of the circle which touches both the coordinate axes and passes through the point
with abscissa – 2 and ordinate 1 has the equation x2 + y2 + Ax + By + C = 0, find all the possible ordered
triplet (A, B, C).

3. A circle S = 0 is drawn with its centre at (–1, 1) so as to touch the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 3 = 0 externally.
Find the intercept made by the circle S = 0 on the coordinate axes.

4. The line lx + my + n = 0 intersects the curve ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 1 at the point P and Q. The circle on PQ as
diameter passes through the origin. Prove that n2(a + b) = l2 + m2.

5. One of the diameters of the circle circumscribing the rectangle ABCD is 4y = x + 7. If A & B are the
points (–3, 4) & (5,4) respectively, then find the area of the rectangle.

6. Find the equation to the circle which is such that the length of the tangents to it from the points (1, 0), (2, 0)
and (3, 2) are 1, 7, 2 respectively..

7. A circle passes through the points (–1, 1), (0, 6) and (5, 5). Find the points on the circle the tangents at which
are parallel to the straight line joining origin to the centre.

8. Find the equations of straight lines which pass through the intersection of the lines x  2y  5 = 0,
7x + y = 50 & divide the circumference of the circle x2 + y2 = 100 into two arcs whose lengths are in the
ratio 2 : 1.

9. In the given figure, the circle x2 + y2 = 25 intersects the x-axis at

the point A and B. The line x = 11 intersects the x-axis at the point
C. Point P moves along the line x = 11 above the x-axis
and AP intersects the circle at Q. Find
(i) The coordinates of the point P if the triangle AQB has the maximum area.
(ii) The coordinates of the point P if Q is the middle point of AP.
(iii) The coordinates of P if the area of the triangle AQB is (1/4)th of the area of the triangle APC.

10. A circle is drawn with its centre on the line x + y = 2 to touch the line 4x – 3y + 4 = 0 and pass through the
point (0, 1). Find its equation.
11. (a) Find the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
(b) If the line x sin  – y + a sec  = 0 touches the circle with radius 'a' and centre at the origin then find the
most general values of '' and sum of the values of '' lying in [0, 100].

12. A point moving around circle (x + 4)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 with centre C broke away from it either at the point A or
point B on the circle and moved along a tangent to the circle passing through the point D (3, – 3). Find the
following.
(i) Equation of the tangents at A and B.
(ii) Coordinates of the points A and B.
(iii) Angle ADB and the maximum and minimum distances of the point D from the circle.
(iv) Area of quadrilateral ADBC and the DAB.
(v) Equation of the circle circumscribing the DAB and also the intercepts made by this circle on the
coordinate axes.

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13. Find the locus of the mid point of the chord of a circle x2 + y2 = 4 such that the segment intercepted by the
chord on the curve x2 – 2x – 2y = 0 subtends a right angle at the origin.

14. Find the equation of a line with gradient 1 such that the two circles x 2 + y 2 = 4 and
x2 + y2 – 10x – 14y + 65 = 0 intercept equal length on it.

15. Find the locus of the middle points of portions of the tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 terminated by the
coordinate axes.

16. Tangents are drawn to the concentric circles x2 + y2 = a2 and x2 + y2 = b2 at right angle to one another. Show
that the locus of their point of intersection is a 3rd concentric circle. Find its radius.

17. Find the equation of the circle passing through the three points (4, 7), (5, 6) and (1, 8). Also find the coordinates
of the point of intersection of the tangents to the circle at the points where it is cut by the straight line
5x + y + 17 = 0.

18. The line 2x – 3y + 1 = 0 is tangent to a circle S = 0 at (1, 1). If the radius of the circle is 13 . Find the
equation of the circle S.

19. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the point (1, 1) & which touches the circle
x2 + y2 + 4x  6y  3 = 0 at the point (2, 3) on it.

20. Let K denotes the square of the diameter of the circle whose diameter is the common chord of the two
circles x2 + y2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 4x + 3y + 2 = 0
and W denotes the sum of the abscissa and ordinates of a point P where all variable chords of the curve
y2 = 8x subtending right angles at the origin, are concurrent.
and H denotes the square of the length of the tangent from the point (3, 0) on the circle
2x2 + 2y2 + 5y –16 = 0. Find the value of KWH.
21. Show that the equation of a straight line meeting the circle x2 + y2 = a2 in two points at equal distances 'd'


from a point (x1 , y1) on its circumference is xx1 + yy1  a2 + d 2 2 = 0. 
22. The radical axis of the circles x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and 2x2 + 2y2 + 3x + 8y + 2c = 0 touches the
circle x² + y² + 2x  2y + 1 = 0. Show that either g = 3/4 or f = 2.

23. Find the equation of the circle through the points of intersection of circles x2 + y2  4x  6y  12 = 0
and x2 + y2 + 6x + 4y  12 = 0 & cutting the circle x2 + y2  2x  4 = 0 orthogonally.

24. The centre of the circle S = 0 lie on the line 2x  2y + 9 = 0 & S = 0 cuts orthogonally the circle
x2 + y2 = 4. Show that circle S = 0 passes through two fixed points & find their coordinates.

25. (a) Find the equation of a circle passing through the origin if the line pair, xy – 3x + 2y – 6 = 0 is orthogonal
to it. If this circle is orthogonal to the circle x2 + y2 – kx + 2ky – 8=0 then find the value of k.
(b) Find the equation of the circle which cuts the circle x2 + y2 – 14x – 8y + 64 = 0 and the coordinate axes
orthogonally.

26. Find the equation of the circle whose radius is 3 and which touches the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0
internally at the point (–1, – 1).

27. Show that the locus of the centres of a circle which cuts two given circles orthogonally is a straight line &
hence deduce the locus of the centers of the circles which cut the circles x2 + y2 + 4x  6y + 9 = 0 &
x2 + y2  5x + 4y + 2 = 0 orthogonally. Interpret the locus.

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EXERCISE - II
1. Find the equation of the circle passing through the point (–6 , 0) if the power of the point (1, 1) w.r.t. the circle
is 5 and it cuts the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 3 = 0 orthogonally.

2. Consider a family of circles passing through two fixed points A (3, 7) & B(6, 5). The the chords in which the
circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 3 = 0 cuts the members of the family are concurrent at a point. Find the
coordinates of this point.

3. Find the equation of circle passing through (1, 1) belonging to the system of coaxal circles that are tangent
at (2, 2) to the locus of the point of intersection of mutually perpendicular tangent to the circle
x2 + y2 = 4.

4. Find the locus of the mid point of all chords of the circle x2 + y2  2x  2y = 0 such that the pair of lines
joining (0, 0) & the point of intersection of the chords with the circles make equal angle with axis of x.

5. The circle C : x2 + y2 + kx + (1 + k)y – (k + 1) = 0 passes through the same two points for every real number
k. Find (i) the coordinates of these two points. (ii) the minimum value of the radius of a circle C.

6. Find the equation of a circle which is co-axial with circles 2x 2 + 2y 2  2x + 6y  3 = 0 &

x2 + y2 + 4x + 2y + 1 = 0. It is given that the centre of the circle to be determined lies on the radical axis of
these two circles.

7. Show that the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents from which to the circle x2 + y2  a2 = 0 include
a constant angle  is (x2 + y2  2a2)2 tan2 = 4a2(x2 + y2  a2).

8. A circle is described to pass through the origin and to touch the lines x = 1, x + y = 2. Prove that the radius

 
of the circle is a root of the equation 3  2 2 t2  2 2 t + 2 = 0.

9. Find the condition such that the four points in which the circle x 2 + y2 + ax + by + c = 0 and
x 2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0 are intercepted by the straight lines Ax + By + C = 0 &
Ax + By + C = 0 respectively, lie on another circle.

10. The circle x2 + y2  4x  4y + 4 = 0 is inscribed in a triangle which has two of its sides along the coordinate
axes. The locus of the circumcentre of the triangle is x + y  xy + K x 2  y 2 = 0. Find K.

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EXERCISE - III
1. From (3 , 4) chords are drawn to the circle x² + y²  4x = 0. The locus of the mid points of the chords
is :
(A) x² + y²  5x  4y + 6 = 0 (B) x² + y² + 5x  4y + 6 = 0
(C) x² + y²  5x + 4y + 6 = 0 (D) x² + y²  5x  4y  6 = 0

2. The lines y  y1 = m (x  x1) ± a 1 m2 are tangents to the same circle. The radius of the circle is:
(A) a/2 (B) a (C) 2a (D) none

3. The angle between the two tangents from the origin to the circle (x –7)2 +(y + 1)2 = 25 equals

(A) (B) (C) (D) none

4 3 2

4. A circle is drawn touching the xaxis and centre at the point which is the reflection of (a, b) in the line
y x = 0. The equation of the circle is
(A) x2 + y2 2bx 2ay + a2 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 2bx 2ay + b2 = 0
(C) x + y 2ax 2by + b = 0
2 2 2 (D) x2 + y2 2ax 2by + a2 = 0

5. The distance between the chords of contact of tangents to the circle; x2+ y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 from the
origin and the point (g , f) is :

g2 f2 c g2 f2 c g2 f2 c
(A) 2
g f 2
(B) (C) 2 2 (D)
2 2 g f 2 g2 f2

6. The locus of the centres of the circles which cut the circles x 2 + y2 + 4x  6y + 9 = 0 and
x2 + y2  5x + 4y  2 =0 orthogonally is :
(A) 9x + 10y  7 = 0 (B) x  y + 2 = 0 (C) 9x  10y + 11 = 0 (D) 9x + 10y + 7 = 0

7. The locus of the centre of the circles such that the point (2, 3) is the mid point of the chord 5x + 2y = 16 is
(A) 2x  5y + 11 = 0 (B) 2x + 5y  11 = 0 (C) 2x + 5y + 11 = 0 (D) none

8. A pair of tangents are drawn to a unit circle with centre at the origin and these tangents intersect at A
enclosing an angle of 60°. The area enclosed by these tangents and the arc of the circle is
2 3
(A) (B) 3 (C) (D) 3 1
3 6 3 3 6 6

9. If a circle of constant radius 3k passes through the origin ‘O’ and meets co ordinate axes at A and B then
the locus of the centroid of the triangle OAB is
(A) x2 + y2 = (2k)2 (B) x2 + y2 = (3k)2 (C) x2 + y2 = (4k)2 (D) x2 + y2 = (6k)2

10. A line meets the co ordinate axes in A & B. A circle is circumscribed about the triangle OAB. If d1 & d2 are
the distances of the tangent to the circle at the origin O from the points A and B respectively, the diameter
of the circle is :

2g2 d1 2d2 d1d2

(A) 2 2 (B) (C) d1 + d2 (D) d d
g f 2 1 2

11. Which of the following lines have the intercepts of equal lengths on the circle, x2 + y2  2x + 4y = 0?
(A) 3x  y = 0 (B) x + 3y = 0 (C) x + 3y + 10 = 0 (D) 3x  y  10 = 0

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12. 2 2 2 2
Consider the circles S1 : x + y = 4 and S2 : x + y – 2x – 4y + 4 = 0 which of the following statements are
correct?
(A) Number of common tangents to these circles is 2.
(B) If the power of a variable point p w.r.t. these two circles is same then P moves on the line x + 2y – 4=0.
(C) Sum of the y intercepts of both the circles is 6.
(D) The circles S1 and S2 are orthogonal.

13. The locus of the centre of circle which touches externally the circle x2 + y2 –6x –6y + 14 = 0 and also
touches the y -axis is y2 – ax – by + c= 0 then
(A) a= 6 (B) a =1 0 (C) b= 6 (D) c=1

14. A(1, 0) and B(0, 1) and two fixed points on the circle x2 + y2 = 1. C is a variable point on this circle. As C
moves, the locus of the orthocentre of the triangle ABC is a circle
(A) having radius 1 (B) touching x axis
(C) touching y axis (D) touching x+y=1

15. Which of following statements is(are) true:

(A )If ,  are the angles between the two tangents drawn from (0, 0) and (8, 6) to the circle x2 + y2 – 14x +

2y + 25 = 0 then  –  =
4

1
(B) Length of tangent from origin to the circle 4x2 + 4y2 + 8x + 8y + 1 = 0 is
2

1
(C) The point (, 1 + ) lies inside the circle x2 + y2 = 1 if  = –
2
(D) The circles x2 + y2 – 6x – 2y + 9 = 0 and x2 + y2 = 18 are such they intersect

16. A straight line with slope 2 and y intercept 5 touches the circle: x2 + y2 + 16x + 12y + c = 0 at a point. Then
the abscissa of Q is

17. A foot of the normal from the point (4, 3) to a circle is (2, 1) and a diameter of the circle has the equation 2x
– y – 2 = 0. Then the radius of the circle is

18. The number of common tangent(s) to the circles x2 + y2 + 2x + 8y – 23 = 0 and x2 + y2 – 4x – 10y + 19=0
is

19. The abscissa of the smallest circle touching the circles x² + y² – 2y– 3 = 0 and x² + y² – 8x –18y + 93=0 is

20. Two congruent circles with centres at (2, 3) and (5, 6) which intersect at right angles has radius equal to

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EXERCISE - IV (A)
1. The circle passing through (1, – 2) and touching the axis of x at (3, 0) also passes through the point
[IIT JEE Main 2013]
(A) (–2, 5) (B) (–5, 2) (C) (2, –5) (D) (5, –2)

2. Let C be the circle with centre at (1, 1) and radius = 1. If T is the circle centred at (0, y), passing through origin
and touching the circle C externally, then the radius of T is equal to [IIT JEE Main 2014]

1 3 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 2 2

3. The number of common tangents to the circles x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0,

is [IIT JEE Main 2015]
(A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

4. Locus of the image of the point (2, 3) in the line (2x – 3y + 4) + k (x – 2y + 3) = 0, k  R, is a :

(A) Circle of radius 3 (B) straight line parallel to x-axis

(C) straight line parallel to y-axis (D) circle of radius 2 [IIT JEE Main 2015]

5. The centres of those circles which touch the circle, x2 – y2 – 8x – 8y – 4 = 0, externally and also touch the
x-axis, lie on [IIT JEE Main 2016]
(A) a circle (B) a hyperbola
(C) an ellipse which is not a circle (D) a parabola

6. If one of the diameters of the circle, given by the equation, x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0, is a chord of a circle
S, whose centre is at (–3, 2), then the radius of S is : [IIT JEE Main 2016]

(A) 5 2 (B) 5 3 (C) 5 (D) 10

7. Let P be the point on the parabola, y2 = 8x which is at a minimum distance from the centre C of the circle,
x2 + (y + 6)2 = 1. Then the equation of the circle, passing through C and having its centre at P is
[IIT JEE Main 2016]
(A) x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y + 12 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – x + 4y – 12 = 0

x
(C) x2 + y2 – + 2y – 24 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 4x + 9y + 18 = 0
4

8. The radius of a circle, having minimum area, which touches the curve y = 4 – x2 and the lines, y = |x| is
[JEE Main 2017]


(A) 4 2 – 1  
(B) 4 2  1  
(C) 2 2  1  
(D) 2 2 – 1 

9. The sum of the squares of the lengths of the chords intercepted on the circle, x 2  y 2  16 , by the lines,

x + y =n, n  N , where N is the set of all natural numbers, is : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 320 (B) 105 (C) 160 (D) 210

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10. The tangent and the normal lines at the point ( 3,1) to the circle x 2  y 2  4 and the x-axis form a triangle.

The area of this triangle (in square units) is : [JEE Main 2019]

4 1 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

11. If a tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  1 intersects the coordinate axes at distinct points P and Q, then the locus
of the midpoint of PQ is: [JEE Main 2019]
(A) x 2  y 2  4x 2 y 2  0 (B) x 2  y 2  2xy  0

(C) x 2  y 2  16x 2 y 2  0 (D) x 2  y 2  2x 2 y 2  0

12. The common tangent to the circles x 2  y 2  4 and x 2  y 2  6x  8y  24  0 also passes through the
point:
(A) (4,–2) (B) (–6,4) (C) (6, -2) (D) (–4,6)

If the circles x 2  y 2  5Kx  2y  K  0 and 2  x  y   2Kx  3y  1  0,(K  R ) , intersect at the points P

2 2
13.

and Q, then the line 4 x + 5 y – K = 0 passes through P and Q, for : [JEE Main 2019]
(A) infinitely many values of K (B) no value of K.
(C) exactly two values of K (D) exactly one value of K

14. The line x = y touches a circle at the point (1,1). If the circle also passes through the point (1,–3), then its
radius is [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 3 (B) 2 2 (C) 2 (D) 3 2

15. If the line ax + y = c, touches both the curves x 2  y 2  1 and y 2  4 2x , then |c| is equal to

1 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) 2 [JEE Main 2019]
2 2

16. The locus of the centres of the circles, which touch the circle, x 2  y 2  1 externally, also touch the y–axis
and lie in the first quadrant, is [JEE Main 2019]

(A) x  1  4y,y  0 (B) y  1  2x,x  0

(C) y  1  4x,x  0 (D) x  1  2y,y  0

17. If the angle of intersection at a point where the two circles with radii 5 cm and 12 cm intersect is 90°, then the
length (in cm) of their common chord is [JEE Main 2019]

13 120 60 13
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 13 13 2

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18. A circle touching the x-axis at (3,0) and making an intercept of length 8 on the y-axis passes through the
point [JEE Main 2019]
(A) (3, 10) (B) (3, 5) (C) (2, 3) (D) (1, 5)

19. Three circles of radii a,b,c (a< b < c) touch each other externallty. If they have x-axis as a common tangent,
then [JEE Main 2019]

1 1 1 1 1 1
(A)   (B)  
a b c b a c

(C) a, b, c are in A.P. (D) a, b, c are in A.P..

20. If the circles x 2  y 2  16x  20y  164  r 2 and (x  4)2  (y  7)2  36 intersect at two distinct points, then
[JEE Main 2019]
(A) r > 11 (B) 0 < r < 1 (C) r = 11 (D) 1 < r < 11

21. If a circle C passing through the point (4,0) touches the circle x 2  y 2  4x  6y  12 externally at the point
(1,-1), then the radius of C is [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 2 5 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 57

22. If the area of an equilateral triangle insecribed in the circle, x 2  y 2  10x  12y  c  0 is 27 3 sq. units
then c is equal to [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 13 (B) 20 (C) – 25 (D) 25

23. A square is inscribed in the circle x 2  y 2  6x  8y  103  0 with its sides parallel to the coordinate axes,
Then the distance of the vertex of this square which is nearest to the origin is [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 6 (B) 137 (C) 41 (D) 13

24. Two circles with equal radii are intersecting at the points (0, 1) and (0, –1). The tangent at the point (0,1) to
one of the circles passes through the centre of the other circle. Then the distance between the centres of
these circles is [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 2 (D) 2

25. A circle cuts a chord of length 4a on the x-axis and passes through a point on the y-axis, distant 2b from the
origin Then the locus of the centre of this circle, is [JEE Main 2019]
(A) a hyperbola (B) an ellipse (C) a straight line (D) a parabola

26. If a circle of radius R passes through the origin O and intersects the coordinate axes at A and B, then the
locus of the foot of perpendicular from O on AB is [JEE Main 2019]

   
2 3
(A) x 2  y 2  4R 2 x 2 y 2 (B) x 2  y 2  4R 2 x 2 y 2

  (D)  x  y   x  y   R xy
2 2 2 2
(C) x 2  y 2  4Rx 2 y 2

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27. Let C1 and C2 be the centres of the circles x 2  y 2  2x  2y  2  0 and x 2  y 2  6x  6y  14  0 respec-

tively. If P and Q are the points of intersection of these circles then, the area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral
PC1QC2 is [JEE Main 2019]
(A) 8 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 4

28. If a variable line, 3x  4y    0 is such that the two circles x 2  y 2  2x  2y  1  0 and

x 2  y 2  18x  2y  78  0 are on its opposite sides, then the set of all values of  is the interval
(A) (2,17) (B) [13,23] (C) [12,21] (D) (23,31) [JEE Main 2019]

29. Let the latus ractum of the parabola y = 4x be the common chord to the circles C1 and C2 each of them

having radius 2 5 . Then, the distance between the centres of the circles C1 and C2 is :

(A) 8 5 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 4 5 [JEE Main 2020]

30. The circle passing through the intersection of the circles, x 2  y 2  6 x  0 and x 2  y 2  4 y  0 , having its
centre on the line, 2x – 3y + 12 = 0, also passes through the point: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) (–1,3) (B) (–3,6) (C) (–3,1) (D) (1,–3)

31. If the length of the chord of the circle, x 2  y 2  r 2 (r  0) along the line, y – 2 x = 3 is r, then r 2 is equal to:

9 24 12
(A) (B) 12 (C) (D) [JEE Main 2020]
5 5 5

32. Let the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle, x 2  y 2  8x  4y  16  0 touch it at the points A and B.

Then (AB)2 is equal to: [JEE Main 2020]

52 56 64 32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 5 5

33. If a line, y = m x + c is a tangent to the circle, (x  3)2  y 2  1 and it is perpendicular to a line L1 , where L1

 1 1 
is the tangent to the circle, x 2  y 2  1 at the point  ,  ; then: [JEE Main 2020]
 2 2

(A) c 2  7c  6  0 (B) c 2  7c  6  0 (C) c2 + 6c + 7 = 0 (D) c2 – 6c + 7 = 0

34. A circle touches the y-axis at the point (0,4) and passes through the point (2,0). Which of the following lines
is not a tangent to this circle? [JEE Main 2020]
(A) 4x – 3y + 17 = 0 (B) 3x – 4y – 24 = 0 (C) 3x + 4y – 6 = 0 (D) 4x + 3y – 8 = 0

35. The number of integral values of k for which the line, 3x+4y=k intersects the circle, x 2  y 2  2x  4y  4  0
at two distinct points is _____. [JEE Main 2020]

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36. The diameter of the circle, whose centre lies on the line x + y = 2 in the first quadrant and which touches both
the lines x = 3 and y = 2, is ____. [JEE Main 2020]

37. Let PQ be a diameter of the circle x 2  y 2  9 . If  and  are the lengths of the perpendiculars from P and

Q on the straight line, x + y = 2 respectively, then the maximum value of  is____. [JEE Main 2020]

38. If the curves, x 2  6x  y 2  8  0 and x 2  8y  y 2  16  k  0(k  0) touch each other at a point, then the
largest value of k is [JEE Main 2020]

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EXERCISE - IV (B)
1. (a) If two distinct chords, drawn from the point (p, q) on the circle x2 + y2 = px + qy (where pq  q) are
bisected by the x  axis, then :
(A) p2 = q2 (B) p2 = 8q2 (C) p2 < 8q2 (D) p2 > 8q2
(b) Let L1 be a straight line through the origin and L2 be the straight line x + y = 1 . If the intercepts made
by the circle x2 + y2  x + 3y = 0 on L1 & L2 are equal, then which of the following equations can
represent L1 ?
(A) x + y = 0 (B) x  y = 0 (C) x + 7y = 0 (D) x  7y = 0
(c) Let T1 , T2 be two tangents drawn from ( 2, 0) onto the circle C : x2 + y2 = 1 . Determine the circles
touching C and having T1 , T2 as their pair of tangents. Further, find the equations of all possible common
tangents to these circles, when taken two at a time. [JEE '99, 2 + 3 + 10 (out of 200)]

2. (a) The triangle PQR is inscribed in the circle, x2 + y2 = 25. If Q and R have co-ordinates (3, 4) &
( 4, 3) respectively, then  QPR is equal to :
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6
(b) If the circles, x2 + y2 + 2x + 2ky + 6 = 0 & x2 + y2 + 2ky + k = 0 intersect orthogonally, then 'k' is :
3 3 3 3
(A) 2 or  (B)  2 or  (C) 2 or (D)  2 or
2 2 2 2
[JEE '2000 (Screening) 1 + 1]

3. (a) Extremities of a diagonal of a rectangle are (0, 0) & (4, 3). Find the equation of the tangents to the
circumcircle of a rectangle which are parallel to this diagonal.
(b) Find the point on the straight line, y = 2 x + 11 which is nearest to the circle,
16 (x2 + y2) + 32 x  8 y  50 = 0.
(c) A circle of radius 2 units rolls on the outerside of the circle, x2 + y2 + 4 x = 0 , touching it externally. Find
the locus of the centre of this outer circle. Also find the equations of the common tangents of the two
circles when the line joining the centres of the two circles is inclined at an angle of 60º with x-axis.
[REE '2000 (Mains) 3 + 3 + 5]
4. (a) Let PQ and RS be tangents at the extremities of the diameter PR of a circle of radius r. If PS and RQ
intersect at a point X on the circumference of the circle then 2r equals

(A) PQ  RS (B)
PQ  RS
(C)
2PQ  RS
(D)
 PQ 2   RS 2
2 PQ  RS 2
[JEE '2001 (Screening) 1 out of 35]
(b) Let 2x2 + y2 – 3xy = 0 be the equation of a pair of tangents drawn from the origin 'O' to a circle of radius
3 with centre in the first quadrant. If A is one of the points of contact, find the length of OA.
[JEE '2001 (Mains) 5 out of 100]

5. (a) Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points of intersection of circles
x 2 + y 2 – 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 and intersects the circle
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 4 = 0 orthogonally. [REE '2001 (Mains) 3 out of 100]
(b) Tangents TP and TQ are drawn from a point T to the circle x2 + y2 = a2. If the point T lies on the line
px + qy = r, find the locus of centre of the circumcircle of triangle TPQ.
[REE '2001 (Mains) 5 out of 100]
6. (a) If the tangent at the point P on the circle x 2 + y2 + 6x + 6y = 2 meets the straight line
5x – 2y + 6 = 0 at a point Q on the y-axis, then the length of PQ is
(A) 4 (B) 2 5 (C) 5 (D) 3 5

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(b) If a > 2b > 0 then the positive value of m for which y = mx – b 1 m 2 is a common tangent to
x2 + y2 = b2 and (x – a)2 + y2 = b2 is [JEE'2002 (Scr)3 + 3 out of 270]
2b 2
a  4b 2 2b b
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2
a  4b 2
2b a  2b a  2b

7. The radius of the circle, having centre at (2, 1), whose one of the chord is a diameter of the circle
x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 6 = 0
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 3 [JEE '2004 (Scr)]

8. Line 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to a circle at (1, -1). This circle is orthogonal to a circle which is drawn
having diameter as a line segment with end points (0, –1) and (– 2, 3). Find equation of circle.
[JEE '2004, 4 out of 60]

9. A circle is given by x2 + (y – 1)2 = 1, another circle C touches it externally and also the x-axis, then the locus
of its centre is [JEE '2005 (Scr)]
(A) {(x, y) : x2 = 4y}  {(x, y) : y  0} (B) {(x, y) : x2 + (y – 1)2 = 4}  {x, y) : y  0}
(C) {(x, y) : x2 = y}  {(0, y) : y  0} (D) {(x, y) : x2 = 4y}  {(0, y) : y  0}

10. (a) Let ABCD be a quadrilateral with area 18, with side AB parallel to the side CD and AB = 2CD. Let AD be
perpendicular to AB and CD. If a circle is drawn inside the quadrilateral ABCD touching all the sides, then
its radius is
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 3/2 (D) 1
(b) Tangents are drawn from the point (17, 7) to the circle x2 + y2 = 169. [JEE 2007, 3+3]
Statement-1 : The tangents are mutually perpendicular.
because
Statement-2 : The locus of the points from which mutually perpendicular tangents can be drawn to the
given circle is x2 + y2 = 338.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false. (D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true

11. (a) Consider the two curves C1 : y2 = 4x ; C2 : x2 + y2 – 6x + 1 = 0. Then,

(A) C1 and C2 touch each other only at one point
(B) C1 and C2 touch each other exactly at two points
(C) C1 & C2 intersect (but do not touch) at exactly two points
(D) C1 and C2 neither intersect nor touch each other
(b) Consider, L1 : 2x + 3y + P – 3 = 0 ; L2 : 2x + 3y + P + 3 = 0,
where p is a real number, and C : x2 + y2 + 6x – 10y + 30 = 0.
Statement-1 : If line L1 is a diameter of circle C, then line L2 is not always a diameter of circle C.
because
Statement-2 : If line L1 is a diameter of circle C, then line L2 is not a chord of circle C.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False (D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2
is True

(c) Comprehension (3 questions together) :

A circle C of radius 1 is inscribed in an equilateral triangle PQR. The points of contact of C with the sides
PQ, QR, RP are D, E, F respectively. The line PQ is given by the equation 3 x + y – 6 = 0 and the point
3 3 3
D is  ,  . Further, it is given that the origin and the centre of C are on the same side of the line PQ.

 2 2
[JEE 2008, 3+3 + 4 + 4 + 4]

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(i) The equation of circle C is
1
(A) (x – 2 3 )2 + (y – 1)2 = 1 (B) (x – 2 3 )2 + (y + 2 )2 = 1

(C) (x – 3 )2 + (y + 1)2 = 1 (D) (x – 3 )2 + (y – 1)2 = 1

(ii) Points E and F are given by

 3 3  3 1

(A) 
 2
,  ,
2  3 ,0  
(B) 
 2
,  ,
2  3 ,0 
 3 3  3 1 3 3  3 1
     ,   
(C)  2 , 2,  2 , 2 (D)  2 2 ,  2 , 2
       
(iii) Equations of the sides RP, RQ are
2 2 1
(A) y = x + 1, y = – x–1 (B) y = x, y = 0
3 3 3
3 3
(C) y = x + 1, y = – x–1 (D) y = 3 x, y = 0
2 2
12. Tangents drawn from the point P(1, 8) to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y – 11 = 0 touch the circle at the points A
and B. The equation of the circumcircle of the triangle PAB is [IIT 2009]
(A) x + y + 4x – 6x + 19 = 0
2 2
(B) x + y – 4x – 10y + 19 = 0
2 2

(C) x2 + y2 – 2x + 6y – 29 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y + 19 = 0

13. The centres of two circles C1 and C2 each of unit radius are at a distance of 6 units from each other. Let P be
the mid point of the line segment joining the centres of C1 and C2 and C be a circle touching circles C1 and C2
externally. If a common tangent to C1 and C passing through P is also a common tangent to C2 and C, then
the radius of the circle C is. [IIT 2009]

14. The circle passing through the point (–1, 0) and touching the y-axis at (0, 2) also passes through the point

 3   5   3 5
(A)  – , 0  (B)  – , 2  (C)  – ,  (D) (–4, 0) [IIT 2011]
 2   2   2 2

15. The straight line 2x – 3y = 1 divides the circular region x2 + y2  6 into two parts. If

 3   5 3   1 1   1 1 
S =  2, ,  , ,  , – ,  ,  , [IIT 2011]
 4   4 4   4 4   8 4 

then the number of point(s) in S lying inside the smaller part is

16. The locus of the mid-point of the chord of contact of tangents drawn from points lying on the straight line
4x – 5y = 20 to the circle x2 + y2 = 9 is [IIT 2012]
(A) 20(x2 + y2) – 36x + 45y = 0 (B) 20(x2 + y2) + 36x – 45y = 0
(C) 36(x2 + y2) – 20x + 45y = 0 (D) 36(x2 + y2) + 20x – 45y = 0

Paragraph for Question Nos. 17 to 18

A tangent PT is drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = 4 at the point P ( 3 , 1) . A straight line L, perpendicular to PT

is a tangent to the circle (x – 3)2 + y2 = 1. [IIT 2012]

17. A common tangent of the two circles is

(A) x = 4 (B) y = 2 (C) x + 3y=–1 (D) x + 2 2 y  6

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18. A possible equation of L is

(A) x – 3y=+1 (B) x + 3y=1 (C) x – 3y=–1 (D) x + 3y=5

19 Circle(s) touching x-axis at a distance 3 from the origin and having an intercept of length 2 7 on y-axis is
(are) [IIT JEE Advance 2013]
(A) x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y + 9 = 0 (B) x2 + y2 – 6x + 7y + 9 = 0
(C) x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 9 = 0 (D) x2 + y2 – 6x – 7y + 9 = 0

20. A circle S passes through the point (0, 1) and is orthogonal to the circles (x – 1)2 + y2 = 16 and x2 + y2 = 1.
Then [IIT JEE Advance 2014]
(A) radius of S is 8 (B) radius of S is 7
(C) centre of S is (– 7, 1) (D) centre of S is (– 8, 1)

21. The circle C1 : x2 + y2 = 3, with centre at O, intersects the parabola x2 = 2y at the point P in the first quadrant.
Let the tangent to the circle C1 at P touches other two circles C2 and C3 at R2 and R3, respectively. Suppose

C2 and C3 have equal radii 2 3 and centres Q2 and Q3, respectively. If Q2 and Q3 lie on the y-axis, then
(A) Q2Q3 = 12 [JEE Advance 2016]

(B) R2R3 = 4 6

(C) area of the triangle OR2R3 is 6 2

(D) area of the triangle PQ2Q3 is 4 2

22. Let RS be the diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 1, where S is the point (1, 0). Let P be a variable point (other
than R and S) on the circle and tangents to the circle at S and P meet at the point Q. The normal to the circle
at P intersects a line drawn through Q parallel to RS at point E. Then the locus of E passes through the
point(s). [JEE Advance 2016]

1 1   1 1 1 1   1 1
(A)  3 , 
 (B)  ,  (C)  3 ,– 
 (D)  ,– 
 3 4 2  3  4 2

23. Let , ,  . Consider the system of linear equations [JEE Advance 2016]
x + 2y = 
3x – 2y = 
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(A) If  = –3, then the system has infinitely many solutions for all values of  and .
(B) If  –3, then the system has a unique solution for all values of  and .
(C) If  +  = 0, then the system has infinitely many solutions for  = –3
(D) If  +  0, then the system has no solution for  = –3

24. For how many values of p, the circle x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – p = 0 and the coordinate axes have exactly three
common points? [JEE Advance 2017]
Comprehension (Q.25 to Q.26) :
Let S be the circle in the xy-plane defined by the equation x2 + y2 = 4.

25. Let E1E2 and F1F2 be the chords of S passing through the point P0 (1, 1) and parallel to the x-axis and the y-
axis, respectively. Let G1G2 be the chord of S passing through P0 and having slope –1. Let the tangents to S
at E1 and E2 meet at E3, the tangents to S at F1 and F2 meet at F3, and the tangents to S at G1 and G2 meet
at G3. Then, the points E3 F3, and G3 lie on the curve [JEE Advanced 2018]
(A) x + y = 4 (B) (x – 4)2 + (y – 4)2 = 16
(C) (x – 4) (y – 4) = 4 (D) xy = 4

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26. Let P be a point on the circle S with both coordinates being positive. Let the tangent to S at P intersect the
coordinate axes at the points M and N. Then, the mid-point of the line segment MN must lie on the curve
[JEE Advanced 2018]
(A) (x + y)2 = 3xy (B) x2/3 + y2/3 = 24/3 (C) x2 + y2 = 2xy (D) x2 + y2 = x2y2

27. Let T be the line passing through the points P(–2, 7) and Q(2, –5). Let F1 be the set of all pairs of circles
(S1, S2) such that T is tangent to S1 at P and tangent to S2 at Q, and also such that S1 and S2 touch each
other at a point, say, M. Let E1 be the set representing the locus of M as the pair (S1, S2) varies in F1. Let the
set of all straight line segments joining a pair of distinct points of E1 and passing through the point R(1, 1) be
F2. Let E2 be the set of the mid-points of the line segments in the set F2. Then, which of the following
statement(s) is (are) TRUE? [JEE Advanced 2018]

4 7
(A) The point (–2, 7) lies in E1 (B) The point  ,  does NOT lie in E2
5 5

1   3
(C) The point  , 1 lies in E2 (D) The point  0,  does NOT lie in E1
2   2

28. A line y = mx + 1 intersects the circle (x – 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 at the points P and Q. If the midpoint of the line

3
segment PQ has x-coordinate – , then which one of the following options is correct?[JEE Advanced 2019]
5

(A) 2 m < 4 (B) 4 m < 6 (C) 6 m < 8 (D) –3 m < –1

29. Let the point B be the reflection of the point A(2, 3) with respect to the line 8x – 6y – 23 = 0. Let  A and B

be circles of radii 2 and 1 with centres A and B respectively. Let T be a common tangent to the circles  A and

B such that both the circles are on the same side of T. If C is the point of intersection of T and the line
passing through A and B, then the length of the line segment AC is_____. [JEE Advanced 2019]

Answer the following by approporiately matching the lists based on the information given in the
paragraph (Q.30 to Q.31) [JEE Advanced 2019]
Let the circles C1 : x2 + y2 = 9 and C2 : (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 16, intersect at the points
X and Y. Suppose that another circle C3 : (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 satisfies the following conditions :
(i) Centre of C3 is collinear with the centres of C1 and C2.
(ii) C1 and C2 both lie inside C3 and
(iii) C3 touches C1 at M and C2 at N.
Let the line through X and Y intersect C3 at Z and W, and let a common tangent of C1 and C3 be a tangent to
the parabola x2 = 8y.
There are some expressions given in the List-I whose values are given in List-II below:
List-I List-II
(I) 2h + k (P) 6
Length of ZW
(II) Length of XY (Q) 6

Area of triangle MZN 5

(III) Area of triangle ZMW (R)
4
21
(IV)  (S)
5
(T) 2 6
10
(U)
3

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30. Which of the following is the only INCORRECT combination?
(A) (IV), (S) (B) (III), (R) (C) (I), (P) (D) (IV), (U)

31. Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination?

(A) (II), (Q) (B) (I), (U) (C) (II), (T) (D) (I), (S)

32. The probability that a missile hits a target successfully is 0.75 . In order to destroy the target completely, at
least three successful hits are required. Then the minimum number of missiles that have to be fired so that
the probability of completely destroying the target is NOT less than 0.95, is [JEE Advanced 2020]

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ANSWER KEY
CONCEPT BUILDING-I

1. x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y – 11 = 0 2. (x 2)2 (y 3)2 ( 109)2

3. Centre = (2, - 3) and Radius = 1 4. x2 + y2 – 3x + y – 10 = 0
5. x2 + y2 ± 10x + 6y + 9 = 0 6. x = 2 + 2 cos, y = 1 + 2sin
7. (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = c2, Center = (ab)
8. (1,2) lies inside the circle, (6,0) lies outside the circle.
9. c=±5 10. 11x – 2y – 46 = 0

CONCEPT BUILDING-II
1. 4x + 3y + 19 = 0 and 4x + 3y – 31 = 0 2. 14x – 5y – 40 = 0
3. x + 2y – 2 = 0 and 2x –y + 1 = 0 4. 7
5. x2 + y2 – 4x + 2y + 1 = 0 6. 2y + 5 = 0

18
7. P 6, 8. x + 2y – 26 = 0
5

9. α = 1, β = 2 10. 4x + 3y – 1 = 0

CONCEPT BUILDING-III
1. Two circles touch each other internally. 2. 4 x2 y2 2y 29 0

16 31
3. , 4. 2x2 + 2y2 – 18x – 22y + 69 = 0 and x2 + y2 – 2y – 15 = 0
21 63

5. x2 + y2 + 4y – 1 = 0; x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 3 = 0
6. x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y + 4 = 0 7. 3x2 + 3y2 – 23x – 4y + 35 = 0
8. A 9. C 10. D 11. (x – 3)2 + y2 =6

EXERCISE–I

1. Square of side 2; x2 + y2 = 1; x2 + y2 = 2
2. x2 + y2 + 10x – 10y + 25 = 0 or x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y + 1 = 0, (10, – 10, 25) (2, – 2, 1)
3. zero, zero 5. 32 sq. unit
6. 2(x2 + y2) + 6x – 17y – 6 = 0] 7. (5, 1) & (–1, 5)
8. 4x  3y  25 = 0 OR 3x + 4y  25 = 0 9. (i) (11, 16), (ii) (11, 8), (iii) (11, 12)
10. x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 or x2 + y2 – 42x + 38y – 39 = 0

3 3 2
11. (a) (g  f 2  c) ; (b)  = n; 5050
4

12. (i) 3x – 4y = 21; 4x + 3y = 3; (ii) A(0, 1) and B (–1, – 6); (iii) 90°, 5  
2  1 units
(iv) 25 sq. units, 12.5 sq. units; (v) x2 + y2 + x + 5y – 6, x intercept 5; y intercept 7

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13. x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 0 14. 2x – 2y – 3 = 0 15. a2(x2 + y2) = 4x2y2

16. x2 + y2 = a2 + b2; r = a 2  b2 17. (– 4, 2), x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y – 15 = 0

18. x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y=0 or x2 + y2 + 2x – 8y + 4=0 19. x2 + y2 + x  6y + 3 = 0
20. 64 23. x2 + y2 + 16x + 14y – 12 = 0
24. ( 4, 4) ; (– 1/2, 1/2) 25. (a) x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y = 0; k = 1; (b) x2 + y2 = 64
26. 5x2 + 5y2 – 8x – 14y – 32 = 0 27. 9x  10y + 7 = 0; radical axis

EXERCISE–II

 23 
1. x2 + y2 + 6x – 3y = 0 2.  2, 
 3 

3. x2 + y2  3x  3y + 4 = 0 4. x+y=2

1
5. (1, 0) & (1/2,1/2); r = 6. 4x2 + 4y2 + 6x + 10y – 1 = 0
2 2

a  a  b  b c  c
9. A B C =0 10. K=1
A B C

EXERCISE–III
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A
8. B 9. A 10. C 11. ABCD 12. ABD 13. BC 14. ABC
15. BC 16. –6 17. 1.41 18. 3 19. 2 20. 3

EXERCISE–IV (A)
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. A
8. A 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B
15. D 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. C
22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. C
29. B 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. 9
36. 3 37. 7 38. 36

EXERCISE–IV (B)
2
 4 1
1. (a) D (b) B, C (c) c1 : (x  4)2 + y2 = 9 ; c2 :  x   + y2 =
 3  9
common tangent between c & c1 : T1 = 0 ; T2 = 0 and x  1 = 0 ;
common tangent between c & c2 : T1 = 0 ; T2 = 0 and x + 1 = 0 ;
5  4
common tangent between c1 & c2 : T1 = 0 ; T2 = 0 and y = ± x  
39  5
where T1 : x  3 y + 2 = 0 and T2 : x + 3y+2=0
2. (a) C (b) A

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3. (a) 6 x  8 y + 25 = 0 & 6 x  8 y  25 = 0; (b) (–9/2 , 2)

(c) x2 + y2 + 4x – 12 = 0, T1: 3x  y  2 3  4  0 , T2: 3x  y  2 3  4  0 (D.C.T.)

T3: x  3 y  2  0 , T4: x  3 y  6  0 (T.C.T.)

4. (a) A; (b) OA = 3(3 + 10 ) 5. (a) x2 + y2 + 14x – 6y + 6 = 0; (b) 2px + 2qy = r

6. (a) C; (b) A 7. C 8. 2x2 + 2y2 – 10x – 5y + 1 = 0
9. D 10. (a) B; (b) A 11. (a) B; (b) C; (c) (i) D, (ii) A, (iii) D
12. B 13. 8 14. D 15. 2 16. A 17. D 18. A
19. AC 20. BC 21. ABC 22. AC 23. BCD 24. 2 25. A
26. D 27. BD 28. A 29. 10.00 30. A 31. A 32. 6

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