Revised

D.A.E - CIT
Curriculum
( 2016)
 DAE in COMPUTER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CIT)
SCHEME OF STUDIES

FIRST YEAR T P C
Gen 111 Islamiat & Pakistan Studies 1 0 1
Eng 112 English 2 0 2
Math 123 Applied Mathematics-I 3 0 3
Phy. 132 Applied Physics 1 3 2
Ch. 132 Applied Chemistry 1 3 2
OHSE 111 Occupational Health, Safety & environment 1 0 1
CIT 112 Computer Application Software 0 6 2
CIT 113 Introduction to Computer Programming 2 3 3
CIT 121 General Engineering Workshop 0 3 1
CIT 134 Electronics-I 3 3 4

Total 14 21 21
SECOND YEAR
Gen 211 Islamiat & Pak Studies 1 0 1
Math 233 Applied Mathematics-II 3 0 3
Mgm 211 Business Communication 1 0 1
CIT 212 Object-Oriented Programming with JAVA 1 3 2
CIT 223 Computer Networks 2 3 3
CIT 235 Micro-Processor Architecture 3 6 5
CIT 244 Electronics-II 3 3 4
CIT 263 Relational Data-Base Management System 2 3 3
Total 16 18 22

THIRD YEAR
Gen 311 Islamiat & Pak Studies 1 0 1
Eng 311 Technical Report Writing 1 0 1
Mgt 331 Management 1 0 1
CIT 303 Web Development with JAVA 1 6 3
CIT 324 Network Administration 2 6 4
CIT 333 Operating System 2 3 3
CIT 344 Graphic Designing 2 6 4
CIT 352 PC System and Peripherals Repair 1 3 2
CIT 362 Project 0 6 2
Total 11 30 21

1
DAE Electronics Technology

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MATHS-233 Applied Mathematics-II

T P C
Total Contact Hrs: 3 0 3
Theory: 96 Hrs.
Practical: 0

Aims & Objectives:

After completing the course the students will be able to:

Solve the problems of calculus and analytical Geometry.

Course Contents:

1. FUNCTIONS & LIMITS. 6 Hours

1.1 Constants and variables
1.2 Functions & their types
1.3 The concept of limit
1.4 Limit of a function
1.5 Fundamental theorems on limit
1.6 Some important limits
1.7 Continuous function
1.8 Problems

2. DIFFERENTIATION. 06 Hours
2.1 Increments
2.2 Geometrical interpret
2.3 Differentiation ab –initio by first principle.
2.4 Geometrical interpretation of differential coeff.
2.5 Differentiation coefficient of Xn and (a+b)n
2.6 Problems.

3. DIFFERENTIATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS 9 Hours

3.1 Explicit Functions
3.2 Implicit Functions
3.3 Parametric Forms
3.4 Problems

4. DIFFERENTIATION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 6 Hours

4.1 Differential Coefficient of Sinx, Cosx, Tanx from first principle.
4.2 Differential Coefficient of Cosecx, Secx, Cotx.
4.3 Differential Coefficient of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
4.4 Problems
5. DIFFERENTIATION OF LOGARITHMIC & EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 15 Hours
5.1 Differentiation of lnx
5.2 Differentiation of Log ax
5.3 Differentiation of ax
5.4 Differentiation of ex
5.5 Problems

63
6. RATE OF CHANGE OF VARIABLES. 6 Hours
6.1 Increasing and decreasing functions
6.2 Maxima and Minima
6.3 Criteria for maximum & minimum values
6.4 Methods of finding maximum & minimum
6.5 Rate measure
6.6 Slope of a line
6.7 Velocity and acceleration
6.8 Problems

7. INTEGRATION (SIMPLE BASIC RULES) 9 Hours

7.1 Concept
7.2 Fundamental Formulae
7.3 Important Rules
7.4 Problems

8. METHODS OF INTEGRATION 9 Hours

8.1 Integration by substitution
8.2 Integration by parts
8.3 Problems

9. DEFINITE INTEGRALS. 6 Hours

9.1 Properties
9.2 Application to area
9.3 Problems.

10. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION. 6 Hours

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Order and Degree
10.3 First Order Differential Equation of 1st Degree
10.4 Solution of Problems
10.5 Problems

11. LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION. 9 Hours

11.1 Laplace Transformations
11.2 Inverse Laplace Transformations
11.3 Problems

12. FOURIER SERIES 9 Hours

12.1 Introduction
12.2 Periodic Functions
12.3 Even and Odd Functions
12.4 Problems
13. STATISTICS 6 Hours
13.1 Concept of mean, median and mode
13.2 Standard Deviation
13.3 Laws of probability
13.4 Problems

64
RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Thomas Finny, Calculus and Analytic Geometry

2. Ghulam Yasin Minhas, Technical Mathematics Vol – I & II, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore

3. Riaz Ali Khan, Polytechnic Mathematic Series Vol I & II, Majeed Sons, Faisalabad.

4. Sana Ullah Bhatti, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Punjab Text Book Board, Lahore.

65
Course Code: Mgm -211 T P C
Course Title: Business Communication 1 0 1

Second course on English language focusing on business communication. It aims to develop

communication skills as applied in business and commerce such as the writing and business
correspondence. It covers oral communication and art of listening, interviewing, and report writing
among others. It is a pure class discussion.

Course Objectives

At the end of the course the students are expected to be able to

 Understand the basic principles of good and effective business writing in commercial and
industrial fields.
 Use the English language effectively for communication in business
 Apply knowledge and skill to write business communication with confidence and ease.
 Write legibly in handwriting and compose communication documents with correct formats.
 Appreciate the usefulness of written language

COURSE OUTLINE

Contents Hours

1. Communication Process. 6
1.1. Purposes of communication
1.2. Communication process
1.3. Distortions in communication
1.4. Consolidation of communication
1.5. Communication flow
1.6. Communication for self development

2. Oral Communication Skills 6

2.1. Significance of Speaking
2.2. Verbal and Non-verbal Messages
2.3. Strategic Steps of Speaking
2.4. Characteristics of Effective Oral Messages
2.5. Communication Trafficking
2.6. Oral Presentation

3. Questioning Skills 3
3.1. Nature and Types of Questions
3.2. Characteristics of a Good Questions
3.3. Questioning Strategy

4. Listening Skills 5
4.1. Principles of Active Listening
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 4.2. Skills of Active Listening
4.3. Barriers to Listening
4.4. Reasons of Poor Listening.
4.5. Giving Feedback.
5. Interviewing Skills 3
5.1. Significance of Interviews
5.2. Characteristics of Interviews
5.3. Activities in an Interviewing Situation
5.4. Types of Interviews.
5.5. Interviewing Strategy.

6. Report Writing 3
6.1. Goals of Report Writing
6.2. Report Format
6.3. Types of Reports
6.4. Report Writing Strategy.

7. Reading Comprehension 2
7.1. Reading Problems
7.2. Four Reading Skills

8. Group Communication 4
8.1. Purposes of Conducting Meetings
8.2. Planning a Meeting
8.3. Types of Meetings
8.4. Selection of a Group for Meeting
8.5. Group Leadership Skills
8.6. Running a Successful Meeting
8.7. Active Participation Techniques
Total Hours: 32

References

 Effective Business Communication and Report Writing, Sh. Ata-ur-Rehman.

 Technical Reporting, Ulman J.N. Could JR..

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Mgm 211 – Business Communication

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Communication Process
1.1. Understand the communication process
1.2. State the benefits of two way communication
1.3. Describe a model of communication process.
1.4. Explain the major communication methods used in organization
1.5. Identify the barriers to communication and methods of overcoming these barriers
1.6. Identify misconceptions about communication

2. Oral Communication Skills

2.1. Understand the process of oral communication
2.2. Identify speaking situations with other peoples.
2.3. Identify the strategy steps of speaking.
2.4. Identify the characteristics of effective speaking.
2.5. State the principles of one-way communication.
2.6. State the principles of two-way communication.
2.7. Identify the elements of oral presentation skills.
2.8. Determine the impact of non-verbal communication on oral communication.

3. Questioning Skills
3.1. Determine the uses of questioning skills and clarify information in the oral communication
process
3.2. Identify different types of questions.
3.3. Determine the purpose of each type of question and its application.
3.4. Identify the hazards to be avoided when asking questions.
3.5. Demonstrate questioning skills.

4. Listening Skills
4.1. Demonstrate the use of active listening skill in the oral communication process
4.2. State the principles of active listening.
4.3. Identify skills of active listening.
4.4. Identify barriers to active listening.
4.5. State the benefits of active listening.
4.6. Demonstrate listening skills.
4.7. Explain the importance of giving and receiving feed back.

5. Interview Skills
5.1. Determine the appropriate interview type for the specific work-related situation and conduct
a work-related interview.
5.2. State the significance of interviews.
5.3. State the characteristics of interviews.
5.4. Explain the activities in an interviewing situation.
5.5. Describe the types of interviews
5.6. Explain the interviewing strategy
5.7. Prepare instrument for a structured interview

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6. Report Writing
6.1. Prepare a report out-line, based on subject matter and audience
6.2. Identify the different types of reports
6.3. Determine when to use an informal or formal report presentation
6.4. Identify the stages of planning a report
6.5. Identify the parts of a report and choose the parts appropriate for each type of report
6.6. Draft a report outline

7. Reading Comprehension
7.1. Demonstrate reading comprehension
7.2. Identify major reading problems
7.3. Identify basic reading skills.
7.4. State methods of previewing written material
7.5. Identify methods of concentration when reading.
7.6. Demonstrate reading comprehension.

8. Group Communication
8.1. Understand the principles of group communications
8.2. State the purpose and characteristics of major types of meeting.
8.3. Explain responsibilities of a meeting/committee.
8.4. Identify problems likely to be faced at meeting and means to overcome these problems.
8.5. Distinguish between content and process at meetings.
8.6. Explain the key characteristics of a good group facilitator.

69
Course Code: CIT 212 T P C
Course Title: Object Oriented Programming with JAVA 1 3 2

This course will give you basic understanding of Java programming language and object oriented
programming principles. It intends to provide students with working skills and knowledge in writing
programs using the java programming language. The course covers how to download and install
Eclipse / NetBeans IDE, Object and classes, implement object oriented principles, generics and
exception handling.

Course Objectives

At the end of the course the students are expected to be able to

 Explain the core part of java programming language
 Explain the Object Oriented Programming principles
 Formulate logically the problems and their solutions
 Apply Java programming language to solve problems

COURSE OUTLINE

Contents Hours

1. Introduction to Java 2
1.1. Java Virtual Machine
1.2. Java Development Kit
1.3. Java Runtime Environment
1.4. Integrated Development Environment

2. Variable and Operators 2

2.1. Understanding Variable
2.2. Variable Types and Scope
2.3. Operators
2.4. Boxing and Unboxing

3. Classes and Objects 6

3.1. What is a Class
3.2. What is an Object
3.3. Methods
3.4. Constructors
3.5. Access Modifier

4. Control Statements 4
4.1. Introduction and Control Statement Types
4.2. Conditional Statements
4.3. Loops
4.4. Break / Continue

70
5. Object Oriented Programming 8
5.1. Inheritance
5.2. Polymorphism
5.3. Encapsulation

6. Interfaces 4
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Defining and Implementing Interfaces
6.3. Advantages of using Interface

7. Generics 4
7.1. What is Generic
7.2. Generic Class
7.3. Generic Method

8. Exception Handling 2
8.1. Exceptions
8.2. Try and Catch
8.3. Finally

Total Hours: 32

References

 Java in a Nutshell (6th Edition) by Benjamin J. Evans and David Flanagan

 O’Reilly Java 8 Pocket Guide by Robert Liguori and Patricia Liguori

71
CIT 212 – Object Oriented Programming with JAVA

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Installation of JDK
2. Installation of NetBean and Eclipse
3. Setup environment variable and Classpath
4. Program to Check Student is Pass or Fail
5. PIN Code Verification
6. Printing of Weekdays based on switch-case
7. Check whether a Character is ‘Alphabet’, ‘Digit’ or a ‘Special Character’
8. Find the largest value in an Array
9. Printing series of natural numbers, even and odd numbers (GUI)
10. Check for Prime Number
11. A number guessing game
12. Basic Calculator
13. Changing Text Case from lower to upper and upper to lower
14. Reverse of a String
15. Creating a Java Class for Student Records to demonstrate classes, objects and Inheritance

72
CIT 212 – Object Oriented Programmingwith JAVA

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Introduction to Java
1.1. Describe Java Virtual Machine
1.2. Describe Java Development Kit
1.3. Install NetBeans / Eclipse
1.4. Setup Environment Variable
1.5. Explain Java Program Structure
1.6. Explain Lifecycle of Java Program

2. Variable and Operators

2.1. Create Instance of a Variable
2.2. Use Preemptive data types
2.3. Apply Arithmetic Operators
2.4. Use Increment and Decrement Operators
2.5. Apply Comparison Operators
2.6. Apply Boolean Operators
2.7. Explain Boxing and Unboxing Conversions

3. Control Statements
3.1. Explain Control Statement Types
3.2. Describe Expression Statements
3.3. Explain Compound Statements
3.4. Apply If/Else statements
3.5. Apply Switch Statement
3.6. Use Loops (DO, WHILE, FOR, FOREACH)
3.7. Apply BREAK / CONTINUE statements

4. Classes and Objects

4.1. Define a Classes
4.2. Create an Object
4.3. Use an Object
4.4. Use Lambda Expression
4.5. Create a Class Property and Method
4.6. Create and Initializing Objects
4.7. Define Constructor
4.8. Use Constructors for classes
4.9. Pass Information to Methods and Constructors
4.10. Return Value from a Method
4.11. Control Access to a Member of a Class

5. Object Oriented Programming

5.1. Explain Subclass and Inheritance
5.2. Extend a Class
5.3. Override Superclass Methods
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 5.4. Invoke an overridden method
5.5. Hide Data and Encapsulation
5.6. Access control and Inheritance
5.7. Use Abstract Classes and Abstract Methods
6. Interfaces
6.1. Defining an Interface
6.2. Extend Interfaces
6.3. Implement an Interface
6.4. Implement multiple interface
6.5. Differentiate between Interface and Abstract Class

7. Generics
7.1. Define the term ‘Generic’
7.2. Describe Generic Types and Parameters
7.3. Describe Generic Classes and Interfaces
7.4. Use Constructors with Generics
7.5. Apply Generic Method

8. Exception Handling
8.1. Explain Exceptions
8.2. Throw Exceptions
8.3. Use Multi Catch Exception
8.4. Use Handling and Catching Exceptions
8.5. Print Information about Exceptions

74
Course Code: CIT -223 T P C
Course Title: Computer Networks 2 3 3

Introductory course on data communication and computer networks. It aims to provide the students
conceptual tools to understand the design and implementation of data communication as applied to computer
networks. It discusses the layered model. It covers communication, media, WAN, LAN, Internetworking,
protocols, network management and troubleshooting. This comes with practical component to complement
classroom discussion.

Course Objectives

At the end of the course, the students are expected to be able to

 Understand basic concepts and principles of data communication as applied to computer networking
 Synthesize the different approaches of data communication in networking and assess their effectiveness in
implementation
 Troubleshoot and diagnose network faults and correct them
 Assemble cabling system of a network
 Recognize the inherent problems in networking and appreciate the solutions of the problems

COURSE OUTLINE

Contents Hours

1. Principles of Data Communication and Networking 8

1.1. Development of Communication and Data Communication
1.2. Overview of OSI and TCP/IP model
1.3. Data Transmission
1.3.1. Analog Transmission
1.3.2. Digital Transmission
1.3.3. Signal Impairment
1.4. Transmission Media
1.4.1. Types of Cables and Connectors
1.4.2. Telephony and Wireless Communication

2. Data Link Control 4

2.1. Addressing scheme (Mac addresses)
2.2. Error detection and correction

3. Multiplexing 4
3.1. Frequency-Division Multiplexing
3.2. Time-Division Multiplexing

4. Local Area Network (LAN) 12

4.1. LAN Architecture
4.2. Topologies
4.3. LAN Systems
4.3.1. Ethernet and Fast Ethernet (CSMA/CD)
4.3.2. Token Ring and FDDI

5. Connectivity Devices 4
5.1. Modems
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 5.2. Hubs and Repeaters
5.3. Bridges, Routers and Gateways

6. Internetworking 20
6.1. Principles of Internetworking
6.2. Protocols
6.2.1. OSI Model
6.2.2. TCP/IP Suite
6.3. Internet Protocol (IP) and
6.4. Addressing scheme at NW layer (IP address classes)
6.5. Routing Protocol
6.6. Transport Protocols and Transport Services
6.7. Addressing scheme at Transport layer (Port addresses)
6.8. Application Layer protocols
6.9. Addressing scheme at Application layer (DNS)

7. Network Administration and Management 8

7.1. Types of Servers
7.2. Managing Accounts
7.3. Performance Monitoring

8. Network Troubleshooting 4
8.1. Structured Cabling
8.2. Network Testing Tools
8.3. Fault Diagnosis: Troubleshooting Connectivity and Communication

Total Hours: 64

References

 Networking Essentials, Joe Casad and Dan Newland, Techmedia

 Computer Networks, 2Ed, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall
 Data and Computer Communications, 4Ed., William Stallings, MacMillan
 Local Area Networks, 2Ed, Peter Hodos
 An introduction to Local Area Networks, Greg Nunemacher
 Networking Explained, Gallo
 Networking Essentials, 2Ed, Microsoft Press

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CIT 223 – Computer Networks

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Identifying various hardware components of a network

2. Studying network card

3. Splicing a coaxial cable

4. Terminating twisted pair cable

5. Terminating coaxial cable

6. Using Cable Testers

7. Configuring Mac address on Windows / Linux OS

8. Configuring IP addresses on Windows / Linux OS

9. Design of a Local Area NW of computers

10. Troubleshooting NW connectivity.

11. Installing and configuring a NW printer

12. Using Network Tools and Analyzers

13. Using Network Monitors

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CIT 223 – Computer Networks

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Principles of Data Communication and Networking

1.1. Discuss the development of communication
1.2. State the principles of data communication
1.3. Describe methods of data transmission
1.4. Differentiate analog signal from digital signal
1.5. Explain causes of transmission error
1.6. List transmission media
1.7. Describe each transmission media
1.8. State the advantage and disadvantage of each transmission media

2. Data Link Control

2.1. Protocols at data link layer
2.2. Understand importance of Mac address
2.3. Describe methods of error detection and correction

3. Multiplexing
3.1. Explain the need for multiplexing
3.2. Describe Frequency-division multiplexing
3.3. Describe Synchronous Time-division Multiplexing

4. Local Area Network (LAN)

4.1. Describe LAN architecture
4.2. Identify different topologies of LAN
4.3. Describe different topologies of LAN
4.4. Illustrate different topologies
4.5. State the advantage and disadvantages of each topology
4.6. Describe different LAN systems like Ethernet
4.7. Explain the advantage and disadvantage of different LAN systems
4.8. Describe bridges

5. Connectivity Devices
5.1. Explain the need for connectivity devices
5.2. State the operational principle of Modems
5.3. Describe Modem
5.4. Describe hubs and repeaters
5.5. Describe bridges, routers and gateways
5.6. Illustrate the relationships of this devices in networking

6. Internetworking
6.1. Explain the principles in Internetworking
6.2. Explain the need for protocols in Internetworking
6.3. Describe each layer of OSI model of network
6.4. Differentiate connectionless and connection-oriented internetworking
6.5. Describe the Internet Protocol
6.6. Discuss the development of Internet Protocol
6.7. Describe routing protocols
6.8. Explain transport protocol
6.9. Describe Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
6.10. Explain the advantage of TCP/IP from OSI
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7. Network Administration and Management
7.1. Describe different types of servers
7.2. Create and manage user accounts
7.3. Use software to conduct performance monitoring of network
7.4. Explain the data protection and security
7.5. Describe means to protect data and secure its integrity in network system.

8. Network Troubleshooting
8.1. Describe structured cabling
8.2. Identify network testing tools
8.3. Use network testing tools to diagnose network fault
8.4. Perform network fault diagnoses
8.5. Troubleshoot network connectivity and communication faults

79
Course Code: CIT 235 T P C
Course Title: Microprocessor Architecture 3 6 5

The core course on computer hardware dealing with the main components of personal computers. It
intends to provide students with working knowledge of how the central processing unit (CPU) of
microcomputers, the Intel microprocessor, operates and its instruction set. It discusses organization
of computer, study of Intel 8088/8086 family of microprocessor, its instruction set and
programming, interfacing and support devices. It comes with laboratory component to reinforce the
theoretical classroom discussion.

Course Objectives

At the end of the course the students are expected to be able to

 Understand the concepts and design, organization and operational principles of microprocessor
especially, Intel 8088/86 microprocessor.
 Use the instruction set of Intel 8088/86 to write assembly language program.
 Create hardware interface for Intel 8088/86 microprocessor
 Explain system timing and bus multiplexing
 Write amply documented and readable assembly program
 Appreciate the logic and simplicity of the organization of microprocessors

COURSE OUTLINE

Contents Hours
(Part-A)
1. Fundamental Concepts 5
1.1. Historical background of microprocessor
1.1.1 Evaluation of different processors
1.2. Processor based personal computer
1.3. Bus based microprocessor
1.3.1 Address, Data and Control Buses
1.4. Fundamental Control Bus
1.5. Tristate Devices in Bus-based Systems
1.6. Definition of Terms
1.7. Microcomputer Block Diagram.
1.8. Memory Devices
1.9. I/O ports.
1.10. Basic Operation of microprocessor
1.11. Roles of Addressing and Control Signals

2. Introduction to Intel 8088/86 Microprocessor And Architecture 5

2.1. Define basic terms
2.2. Block Diagram of Intel 8088/86 Microprocessor
2.3 Programming model of 8086/8088
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 2.2.1 Function and working of each part of programming model
2.3 Real mode memory addressing
2.4 Protected mode memory addressing
2.5 Memory Paging

3- Hardware specifications of 8086/8088 06

3.1 Functional Pin Definitions for the 8088/86
3.2 Clock generator (8284A)
3.3 Power and Clocking Requirements of 8088/86
3.4 Bus buffering and latching
3.4.1 Bus Multiplexing and De-Multiplexing.
3.4.2 Buffered system
3.5 Bus Timing
3.5.1 Read Timing and Write Timing
3.6 READY and WAIT state
3.7 Minimum Mode and Maximum Mode

4. Addressing Modes 10
4.1 Data Addressing Modes
4.2 Register Addressing Modes
4.3 Immediate Addressing Modes
4.4 Direct Addressing Modes
4.5 Base-Plus-Index Addressing
4.6 Register Relative Addressing
4.7 Base Relative-Plus-Index Addressing
4.8 Program Memory addressing Modes

4.9 Stack Memory-Addressing Modes

5. Instruction set of 8086/88 22

5.1 Move instruction

5.2 Push/ POP instruction
5.3 Load effective address LEA
5.4 String data transfer
5.4 Arithmetic Group
5.5 BCD and ASCII arithmetic’s.
5.6 Logical Group
5.7 Programming control instructions
5.8 Controlling the flow of program
5.9 Procedure
5.10 CALL, RETURN
(Part-B)

6. Intel 8088/86 System Timing and Bus Multiplexing 12

6.1 Definition of terms
6.2 8088/86 Machine Cycles
6.3 Timing Diagram for Common 8088/86 Instructions.
6.4 Purpose and implementation of the 8088/86 Wait, Halt and Hold states.

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7- Interfacing to Intel 8088/86 20
7.1 Define and explain the different terms of interfacing
7.2 Absolute Address and Linear Address Decoding
7.3 8- bit memory interface
7.4 16-bit memory interface
7.5 Basic I/O interface
7.6 Priority Interrupt control unit in 8086/88 based system
7.7 Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)
7.8 Programmable interval timer (8254)
7.8 Direct Memory Access (DMA)

8- INTERUPTS 08
8.1 Basic interrupt processing
8.2 Purpose of Interrupts.
8.4 Interrupt Instructions (BOUND, INTO, INT.INT-3, IRET)
8.4 Operation of Interrupt Flag
8.5 Programmable interrupt controller

9- 8-Bit Support Devices 08

9.1 8088/86 Support device
9.2 General Purpose Support device
9.3 Programmable Support Device
9.4 Operation and Programming of Intel 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface.
9.5 Function of Intel 8-bit Support Devices
Total Hours: 96

References
 The 8086/8088 microprocessor Barry B.Brey
 The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, John Uffenbach
 MCS-88/86 User’s Manual, Intel Corporation
 Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8088/86/8080A, Ramesh,
S. Gaonkar, MacMillan
 Intel Microprocessors: Hardware, Software, and Applications, Roy W. Goody, McGraw Hill

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CIT 235 – Microprocessor Architecture

LIST OF PRACTICAL

1. Introduction to Flowcharting
2. Algorithm Design Using Flowcharts
3. Applications of ASCII Code.
4. Introduction what is Assembly Language?
 Advantages of Assembly Language
 Basic Features of PC Hardware
 Binary Number System
 Hexadecimal Number System
 Binary Arithmetic
5. Familiarize environment setup
 Local Environment Setup
 Installing NASM/MASAM
6. Entry and Disassembly of Simple Programs.
 Using Arithmetic Instructions e.g. ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, etc
 Using Logical instruction Instructions e.g. OR, AND NOT, etc.
7. Using Trainer and Instructions of Assembly language Control Traffic Light
8. Program BCD to Binary Conversion
9. Familiarize with the 8088/86 System Timing.
10. Interface Isolated Output Ports
 Interfacing Keyboard, Mouse, Printer and scanner.
9- Using Microprocessor Trainer and Assembly Language Instructions develop following sensors
 Temperature
 Smoke
10- Use 8255A Programmable Peripheral Interface
11- Use 8155 Static RAM with I/O Ports and Timer.
12- Use 8755 EPROM with I/O Ports

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 Learning objectives
1- Fundamental Concepts
1.1- Describe Historical background of microprocessor
1.1.1 Describe the Evaluation of different processors
1.1.2 Compression between different processors
1.2 Describe Processor based personal computer
1.3 Describe Bus based microprocessor
1.3.1 Describe and defined Address, Data and Control Buses
1.3.2 Describe the functionality of Address, Data and Control Buses
1.4 Describe fundamental Control Bus
1.5 Describe and define the use of Tristate Devices in Bus-based Systems
1.6 Define the different basic terms as such
1.6.1 ALU, Microprocessor, Microcomputer
1.6.2 Storage , Input and Output Ports , Input /output Devices
1.6.3 Software Programs, Hardware,
1.6.4 Address decoding and microcontrollers,
1.6.5 Number system, Types of different number systems
1.6.6 Conversion of binary, octal and hexadecimal numbers, Data Formats.
1.7 Sketch and explain the Microcomputer Block Diagram.
1.8 Describe the basic purpose and types of memory devices
1.9 Describe the basic purpose and types of I/O ports
1.10 Describe Basic Operation of microprocessor
1.10.1 How instruction fetch and execute
1.10.2 Define and describe memory read cycle
1.10.3 Define and describe memory write cycle
1.10.4 Define and describe I/O read cycle
1.10.5 Define and describe I/O write cycle
1.11 Describe Roles of Addressing and Control Signals

2. Introduction to Intel 8088/86 Microprocessor And Architecture

2.1 Define and describe the basic terms
2.1.1 Register Array
2.1.2 General purpose registers
2.1.3 Temporary registers
2.1.4 Internal data bus
2.1.5 External data bus
2.1.6 Instruction decoder
2.1.7 Accumulator
2.1.8 Condition flags
2.1.9 Addressing Registers
2.1.10 programing counters
2.2 Sketch and Label Block Diagram of Intel 8088/86 Microprocessor
2.2.1 Explain Functions of each block of 8086/88 Microprocessor
2.3 sketch and label Programming model of 8086/8088
2.2.1 Explain Function and working of each part of programming model
2.4 Explain Real mode memory addressing
2.5 Explain protected mode memory addressing
2.6 Explain Memory Paging

84
3- Hardware specifications of 8086/8088
3.1 Functional Pin Definitions for the 8088/86
3.1.1 Draw the pin diagram of 8086/8088
3.1.2 Explain the function of each pin
3.1.3 Define and explain Minimum mode operation of 8086/88
3.1.4 Define and explain Minimum mode operation of 8086/88
3.2 Clock generator (8284A)
3.2.1 Sketch the pin diagram of Clock generator (8284A)
3.2.2 Explain the function of Clock generator (8284A)
3.3 Describe the Power and Clocking Requirements of 8088/86
3.4 Describe Bus buffering and latching in 8086/88
3.4.1 Why we need bus buffering and latching in microprocessor
3.4.2 Explain 8086/88 data bus multiplexing
3.4.3 Explain and show how data bus demultiplexed to create (16-bit) address and(
8-bit) data bus
3.4.4 Explain how control signals MEMR,MEMW and I/ OW can be produced
from the 8086/88
IO/M, RD and, WR/ control signals
3.5 Explain Bus Timing
3.5.1 Explain why we need to know the different Bus Timings for 8086/88
3.5.2 Sketch and explain the read timing diagram for 8086/8088
3.5.3 Sketch and explain the write timing diagram for 8086/8088
3.6 Explain READY and WAIT state
3.7 Minimum Mode and Maximum Mode
3.7.1 Operation of each mode

4. Addressing Modes
.
4.1 Describe Data Addressing Modes

4.1.1 Use the data-addressing modes to form assembly language statements.

4.1.2 Explain the operation of data addressing mode
4.2 Register Addressing Modes

4.2.1 Use the Register addressing modes to form assembly language statements.
4.2.2 Explain the operation of Register addressing mode

4.3 Explain the operation of Immediate Addressing Modes

4.4 Explain the operation of Direct Addressing Modes
4.5 Explain the operation of Base-Plus-Index Addressing
4.6 Explain the operation of Register Relative Addressing
4.7 Explain the operation of Base Relative-Plus-Index Addressing
4.8 Explain the operation of Program Memory addressing Modes

4.9 Explain the operation of Stack Memory-Addressing Modes

4.9.1 Describe the sequence of events that place data onto the stack or remove
data from the stack.
4.9.2 Detail the difference between addressing memory data using real mode and
Protected mode operation

85
 5. Instruction set of 8086/88
5.1 Define and explain the format of Move instruction
5.3 Define and explain Push/ POP instruction
5.4 Define and explain Load effective address LEA
5.5 Define and explain String data transfer
5.6 Define and explain Arithmetic Group
5.6.1 Addition, Subtraction, Comparison, Multiplication, Division
5.7 Describe BCD and ASCII arithmetic’s.
5.8 Define and explain Arithmetic Group Logical Group
5.8.1 AND, OR TEST, Bit TEST, NOT and NEG
5.9 Define and explain Arithmetic Group Shift and Rotate instructions
5.10 Define and explain Arithmetic Group Programming control instructions
5.10.1 JUMP (Conditional and Unconditional)
5.11 Define and explain Arithmetic Group Controlling the flow of program
5.11.1 While Loop, DO-While Loop
5.12 Define and explain Arithmetic Group Procedure
5.12.1 CALL, RETURN

6. Intel 8088/86 System Timing and Bus Multiplexing

6.1 Definition of the following terms
6.1.1 T-State, Machine Cycle and Instruction Cycle Bus Cycle
6.1.2 Opcode fetch, Memory read cycle, Memory write cycle, I/O Read cycle, and I/O
Write cycle
6.2 Describe 8088/86 Machine Cycles
6.2.1 Explain how 8086 instruction decode
6.2.1 Explain how machine cycle encode for the required instruction cycle
6.3 Interpret Timing Diagram for Common 8088/86 Instructions.
6.4 describe the purpose and implementation of the 8088/86 Wait, Halt and Hold states.

7. Interfacing to Intel 8088/86

7.1 Define and explain the different terms of interfacing
7.1.1 Isolated I/O and Memory Mapped I/O
7.1.2 Unconditional I/O, Unconditional and Polled I/O
7.1.3 Describe Interrupt Service Routine and Interrupt Vector
7.1.4 Describe Service Request Flag
7.1.5 Describe Strobed Port
7.2 Explain Absolute Address and Linear Address Decoding
7.3 Describe 8- bit memory interface
7.4 Describe 16-bit memory interface
7.5 Describe Basic I/O interface
7.6 Describe Priority Interrupt control unit in 8086/88 based system
7.7 Explain Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)
7.8 Explain Programmable interval timer (8254)

8- INTERRUPTS
8.1 Define and describe Basic interrupt processing
8.2 Describe Purpose of Interrupts.
8.4 Define and explain Interrupt Instructions (BOUND, INTO, INT.INT-3, IRET)
8.5 Define and explain the Operation of Interrupt Flag
8.6 Describe Programmable interrupt controller
86
9- 8-Bit Support Devices

9.1 Describe 8088/86 Support device

9.2 Describe General Purpose Support device
9.3 Describe Programmable Support Device
9.4 Explain the Operation and Programming of Intel 8255 Programmable Peripheral
Interface.
9.5 Explain the Function of Intel 8-bit Support Devices

87
Course Code: CIT- 244 T P C
Course Title: Electronics – II 3 3 4

A major course in Computer Information Technology dealing with the electronics devices and
circuits. It intends to complement the student’s foundation knowledge of electronics. It covers
diodes, transistors, amplification, power electronics and troubleshooting of analogue electronic
devices. It intends to provide students with knowledge and skills to analyze digital circuits. It
contains discussion on binary numbers, Boolean algebra, different digital IC families, flip-flop and
latches, clock and triggers, registers, counters, and arithmetic circuits. This has laboratory
component to strengthen the classroom theory.
This comes with a laboratory course.

Course Objectives

At the end of the course the students are expected to be able to

 Understand basic concepts, principles and application of analogue electronics
 Apply operational principles of transistors for amplification.
 Use knowledge of electronics to maintain electronic devices
 Relate analogue electronics to digital electronics
 Observe and measure accurately using electrical and electronics instruments
 Demonstrate motivation in applying knowledge and skills in analogue electronics in daily life
 Understand the mathematical and logical foundations of digital circuit operational principles.
 Relate binary mathematics and boolean logic with digital circuit constructs
 Understand the construction, operation and use of different digital circuits (IC’s)
 Apply digital circuit principles in building clocked and trigger circuits
 Calibrate, manipulate and use measuring instruments accurately and with ease
 Appreciate the relationship between the concepts of binary numbers, Boolean algebra and digital
circuits

COURSE OUTLINE

Contents Hours
COURSE CONTENTS.
(Part-A)

1. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA. (06 Hours)

1.1 Boolean Expressions.
1.1.1 Boolean Expressions and Truth Tables.
1.1.2 Minterm Expressions, Sum of Products
1.1.3 Maxterm Expressions, Product of Sums.
1.1.4 Un-simplified Boolean Expression and Schematic Circuits
1.2 Logic Simplifications.
1.2.1 Boolean Simplification.
1.2.2 DeMorgan’s Theorems.
1.2.3 Karnaugh Mapping

88
2. BINARY ARITHMETIC CIRCUITS. (07 Hours)
2.1 Binary Addition
2.1.1 Half Adder Design
2.1.2 Full Adder Design
2.1.3 N bit Binary Adder Circuit
2.2 Binary Arithmetic functions with complements
2.2.1 2’s and 1’s Complement Notation, Addition and Subtraction.
2.2.2 Binary Subtractor Circuit
2.2.3 Binary Adder/ Subtractor Circuit.

3. COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN. (12 Hours)

3.1 Paradigm for Combinational Logic Problems.
3.1.1 Word Problem.
3.1.2 Construct Truth Table
3.1.3 Create a Logic Equation from a Truth Table
3.1.4 Simplify the logic Equation
3.1.5 Development of Combinational Logic Circuit
3.2 Specific Application MSI Gates
3.2.1 Level of Integration (SSI, MSI, LSI)
3.2.2 Display Drivers
3.2.3 Code Converters
3.2.3.1 BCD to Decimal
3.2.3.2 Decimal to BCD
3.2.3.3 Binary to Hexadecimal
3.2.3.4 BCD to seven segment decoder.
3.2.4 Decoding Circuits
3.2.5 Multiplexing Circuits
3.2.6 Demultiplexing Circuits

4. SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS. (10 Hours)

4.1 Introduction to Sequential Logic.
4.1.1 Latches
4.1.2 RS Flip Flop
4.1.3 Clocked RS Flip Flop
4.2 JK Flip Flop
4.2.1 Operation of JK Flip Flop
4.2.2 Asynchronous Inputs
4.2.3 Synchronous Inputs
4.3 Triggers
4.3.1 Positive-Edge Trigger
4.3.2 Negative-Edge Trigger
4.3.3 Positive-Level Trigger (Latch)
4.3.4 Negative-Level Trigger (Latch)
4.4 Other Flip Flops
4.4.1 Master Slave Flip Flop
4.4.2 D type Flip Flop
4.4.3 T type Flip Flop
4.5 Multivibrators.
4.5.1 555 Timer
4.5.2 555 Timer as Monostable Multivibrator (One Shot)
4.5.3 555 Timer as Astable Multivibrator (Free Running)
89
5. SHIFT REGISTERS AND COUNTERS. (8 Hours)
5.1 Shift Register
5.1.1 Function of Shift register
5.1.2 Types of Shift register
5.1.3 Integrated Shift register
5.2 Asynchronous Counters.
5.2.1 Discrete Ripple Counter
5.2.2 Discrete Modulus- N Ripple Counter
5.2.3 Integrated Ripple Counter (7493)
5.3 Synchronous Counter.
5.3.1 Discrete Up Counter.
5.3.2 Discrete Down Counter.
5.3.3 Discrete Modulus-Synchronous Counter.

6. FAMILIES AND SPECIFICATIONS (05 Hours)

6.1 Introduction of different Logic Families

6.1.1 RTL
6.1.2 DTL
6.1.3 ECL
6.1.4 TTL
6.1.5 IIL
6.1.6 MOS
6.1.7 CMOS
6.1.8 Interfacing Different Logic Families.
6.2 Specification Sheets
6.2.1 Electronic Sites
6.2.2 Voltage Levels
6.2.3 Current Levels
6.2.4 Fan-out, Fan-in
6.2.5 Switching Characteristics- Propagation Delay, Noise Margin, Power
dissipation.
(Part-B)
7. Interfacing with Analog World (07 Hours)
7.1 Digital to Analog Conversion.
7.1.1 Introduction and needs
7.1.2 Binary weighted DAC
7.1.3 Ladder type DAC
7.2 Analog to Digital Conversion.
7.2.1 Introduction and needs ADC
7.2.2 Simultaneous ADC
7.2.3 Counter Type ADC
7.2.4 Dual Slope ADC
7.2.5 Successive Approximation ADC
8. Memory (06 Hours)
8.1 Memory Technology
8.2 General Memory Operation.
8.3 Memory Considerations
8.4 Types of Memories
8.4.1 ROM
90
 8.4.2 RAM
8.4.3 SRAM
8.4.4 DRAM
8.4.5 PLDs.
8.4.6 Magnetic and Optical Memories

9. BIPOLAR JUNCTION & FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS (16 Hours)

9.1 Transistor types and BJT construction
9.2 Basic Transistor operation, Forward, Reverse Bias. Transistor current.
9.3 Transistor Parameters and Ratings
9.4 Transistor as a voltage amplifier.
9.5 Transistor amplifier configuration, comparison and uses.
9.6 Transistor, modes of operation.
9.7 Transistor as a switch.
9.8 Transistor Clipper
9.9 Field Effect Transistor and its Biasing:
9.9.1 Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET).
9.9.2 JFET Characteristics and parameter.
9.9.3 JFET Biasing.
9.9.4 Metal oxide Semiconductor FET (MOSFET) types.
9.9.5 MOSFET Biasing.

10. SPECIAL DEVICES. (18 Hours)

10.1 Zener Diodes.
10.1.1 Zener Diode as voltage Regulator, percentage of regulation.
10.1.2 Zanier limiting.
10.2 Optical Diodes
10.2.1 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
10.2.2 Liquid crystal Diode (LCD)
10.2.3 Photo diode.
10.3 Other Diodes.
10.3.1 Tunnel Diode, Negative resistance region.
10.3.2 Tunnel Diode Oscillator.
10.3.3 LASER Diode.
10.4 Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)
10.5 Simple SCR Applications.
10.6 Diac and Triac
10.7 Unijunction Transistor (UJT)
10.8 Photo diode & Photo transistor
10.9 Light Activated SCR (LASCR)
10.10 Opto-coupler.

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. TL Floyd “Electronics Devices” 8th ed. Prentice Hall, ISBN 0131140809
2. Floyd "Digital Fundamentals"

91
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.

1. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA.
1.1 Use Boolean Expressions.
1.1.1 Use Boolean Expressions and Truth Tables.
1.1.2 Use Minterm Expressions, Sum of Products
1.1.3 Use Maxterm Expressions, Product of Sums.
1.1.4 Describe Un-simplified Boolean Expression & develop Schematic Circuits
1.2 Apply Logic Simplifications.
1.2.1 Use Boolean Simplification.
1.2.2 Use DeMorgan’s Theorems.
1.2.3 Use Karnaugh Mapping

2. BINARY ARITHMETIC CIRCUITS.

2.1 Apply Binary Addition Concepts.
2.1.1 Discuss Half Adder Circuit.
2.1.2 Discuss Full Adder Circuit.
2.1.3 Discuss N bit Binary Adder Circuit
2.2 Understand Binary Arithmetic functions with complements
2.2.1 Apply 2’s and 1’s Complement Notation in Addition and Subtraction.
2.2.2 Discuss Binary Subtractor Circuit
2.2.3 Discuss Binary Adder/ Subtractor Circuit.

3. COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN.

3.1 Discuss Paradigm for Combinational Logic Problems.
3.1.1 Describe Word Problem.
3.1.2 Construct Truth Table
3.1.3 Create a Logic Equation from a Truth Table
3.1.4 Simplify the logic Equation
3.1.5 Develop Combinational Logic Circuits
3.2 Understand specific Application MSI Gates
3.2.1 Differentiate Level of Integration (SSI, MSI, LSI)
3.2.2 Discuss Display Drivers
3.2.3 Discuss Code Converters
3.2.3.1 Describe BCD to Decimal Converter.
3.2.3.2 Describe Decimal to BCD Converter.
3.2.3.3 Describe Binary to Hexadecimal Converter.
3.2.3.4 Describe BCD to seven segment Decoder.
3.2.4 Describe Decoding Circuits
3.2.5 Describe Multiplexing Circuits
3.2.6 Describe Demultiplexing Circuits

4. SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS.
4.1 Understand Sequential Logic.
4.1.1 Describe Latches
4.1.2 Describe RS Flip Flop
4.1.3 Describe Clocked RS Flip Flop
4.2 Understand JK Flip Flop
4.2.1 Describe Operation of JK Flip Flop
4.2.2 Describe Asynchronous Inputs
92
 4.2.3 Describe Synchronous Inputs
4.3 Understand Triggers
4.3.1 Describe Positive-Edge Trigger
4.3.2 Describe Negative-Edge Trigger
4.3.3 Describe Positive-Level Trigger (Latch)
4.3.4 Describe Negative-Level Trigger (Latch)
4.4 Discuss Flip Flops
4.4.1 Describe Master Slave Flip Flop
4.4.2 Describe D type Flip Flop
4.4.3 Describe T type Flip Flop
4.5 Multivibrators.
4.5.1 555 Timer
4.5.2 555 Timer as Monostable Multivibrator (One Shot)
4.5.3 555 Timer as Astable Multivibrator (Free Running)

5. SHIFT REGISTERS AND COUNTERS.

5.1 Shift Register
5.1.1 Function of Shift register
5.1.2 Types of Shift register
5.1.3 Integrated Shift register
5.2 Asynchronous Counters.
5.2.1 Discrete Ripple Counter
5.2.2 Discrete Modulus- N Ripple Counter
5.2.3 Integrated Ripple Counter (7493)
5.3 Synchronous Counter.
5.3.1 Discrete Up Counter.
5.3.2 Discrete Down Counter.
5.3.3 Discrete Modulus-Synchronous Counter.

6. FAMILIES AND SPECIFICATIONS

6.1 Understand Logic Families
6.1.1 Discuss RTL
6.1.2 Discuss DTL
6.1.3 Discuss ECL
6.1.4 Discuss TTL
6.1.5 Discuss IIL
6.1.6 Discuss MOS
6.1.7 Discuss CMOS
6.1.8 Describe Interfacing Different Logic Families.
6.2 Understand Specification Sheets
6.2.1 List Electronic Sites
6.2.2 Discuss Voltage Levels
6.2.3 Discuss Current Levels
6.2.4 Discuss Fan-out, Fan-in
6.2.5 Understand Switching Characteristics- Propagation Delay, Noise Margin,
Power dissipation.
7. INTERFACING WITH ANALOG WORLD
7.1 Understand Digital to Analog Conversion.
7.1.1 Discuss needs and applications of DACs
7.1.2 Describe Binary weighted DAC
7.1.3 Describe Ladder type DAC
93
 7.2 Analog to Digital Conversion.
7.2.1 Discuss needs and applications of ADCs
7.2.2 Describe the construction and working of Simultaneous ADC
7.2.3 Describe the construction and working of Counter type ADC
7.2.4 Describe the construction and working of Dual slop ADC
7.2.5 Describe the construction and working of Successive Approximation ADC

8. MEMORY
8.1 Discuss Memory Technologies.
8.2 Discuss General Memory Operation.
8.3 Describe Memory Considerations
8.4 List Types of Memories
8.4.1 Describe ROM
8.4.2 Describe RAM
8.4.3 Describe SRAM
8.4.4 Describe DRAM
8.4.5 Describe PLDs.
8.4.6 Describe Magnetic and Optical Memories
8.5 Discuss applications in Digital systems.

9. BIPOLAR JUNCTION (BJTs) & FIELD EFFECT (FET).

9.1 Understand bipolar junction, its biasing and basic BJT circuits.
9.1.1 Draw and label physical structure and symbols for NPN and PNP transistors.
9.1.2 Show the four operation mode of BJT and application of each mode (cut off
active, active and inverse).
9.1.3 Explain the working of basic BJT voltage amplifier w.r.t. bias of junctions, flow
of charge carriers and transistor currents.
9.1.4 Define cut off and breakdown voltages of transistor.
9.1.5 Drive the expression for IC versus IB for CE configuration in the active region.
9.1.6 Sketch the input and output static characteristics curves for common base (CB)
amplifier.
9.1.7 Repeat 3.1.8 for CE amplifier.
9.1.8 Repeat 3.1.8 for CC amplifier.
9.1.9 List the types of transistor structures.
9.1.10 Enlist the advantages of I.C. over conventional circuit
9.1.11 Identify the high frequency limitations of BJT.
9.2 Discuss the operation of Transistor as a switch.
9.3 Discuss the operation of Transistor Clipper.
9.4 Understand Field Effect Transistors.
9.4.1 Explain the principle of the n-channel JFET using illustrations.
9.4.2 Sketch the construction of n-channel JFET & its symbol.
9.4.3 Sketch & label a family of drain characteristics of a n-channel JFET.
9.4.4 Define the terms I Dss and Vp.
9.4.5 Explain the effect of change in VGS the JFET characteristics.
9.4.6 Explain above from1.4.1 to. 1.4.3 for p-channel JFET.
9.4.7 Define the major data-sheet parameter of a JFET.
9.4.8 Explain the principle of n-channel enhancement MOSFET.
9.4.9 Sketch & label the family of drain characteristics of n-channel enhancement
MOSFET
9.4.10 Repeat 4.4.9 for n-channel depletion-enhancement MOSFET.
94
 9.4.11 Sketch symbols for p & n-channel JFET, n-channel enhancement MOSFET,
p- and n- channel depletion- enhancement MOSFET.
9.4.12 List three advantages of n-channel over p-channel MOSFET.
9.4.13 List the applications of MOSFET.
9.4.14 Sketch the cross section of complementary MOSFET (CMOS).
9.4.15 List the applications of CMOS.
9.5 Understand FET Biasing
9.5.1 Explain to FET biasing.
9.5.2 Draw DC load line and locate bias point on the family of drain characteristic
curves of JFET.
9.5.3 Draw a self-bias arrangement p-channel & n-channel JFET.
9.5.4 Set the Q-point for a self-biased JFET.
9.5.5 Explain the Q-point stability of a JFET.

10. SPECIAL DEVICES.

10.1 Understand the characteristics and applications of diode used for a special purposes
Zener Diode.
10.1.1 Explain the construction of Zener and draw its symbol
10.1.2 Draw the V-I characteristic of a Zener diode.
10.1.3 Identify the characteristic features of Zener diode.
10.1.4 Explain the working of Zener diode as voltage regulator.
10.1.5 List the applications of Zener diode.

10.2 Understand the characteristics of Optical Diodes (LED, LCD and Photodiode)
10.2.1 Define the term optical devices.
10.2.2 List the name of opto electronic devices.
10.2.3 Explain the electroluminescence process in LED.
10.2.4 List the applications of LEDs.
10.2.5 Describe the term Liquid crystal.
10.2.6 Explain the working principle of both types of LCD.
10.2.7 Compare LCD with LED.
10.2.8 List the applications of LCDs.
10.2.9 Explain the operation of a photo diode.
10.2.10 List the applications of photodiodes.
10.2.11 Draw a circuit of photoelectric relay using a photodiode.
10.2.12 Define the term of Tunnel diode.
10.2.12.1 Discusses negative resistance in Tunnel diode.
10.2.12.2 Explain working of Tunnel diode Oscillator.
10.2.13 Describe construction of LASER Diode.
10.2.13.1 Discuss working principle of LASER Diode.
10.2.13.2 List uses of LASER Diode.

10.3 Understand thyristors UJT with their applications.

10.3.1 Explain the term thyristor
10.3.2 Name the important thyristor family devices
10.3.3 Discuss an SCR.
10.3.4 Draw and label the schematic symbol for an SCR
10.3.5 Explain the turn-on process of SCR using transistor equivalent circuit.
10.3.6 Sketch and label the V-I characteristics for an SCR.
10.3.7 Interpret the SCR data sheet parameters.
95
 10.3.8 Explain the phase-control of an SCR.
10.3.9 Draw basic circuits for SCR used in the areas of
a) Power control
b) Switching and
c) Protection
10.3.10 Explain briefly the circuits drawn under 2.3.9.
10.3.11 Compare a Diac with SCR in terms of
a) Basic structure
b) Symbol
c) Operation
10.3.12 Compare a Triac with an SCR in terms of
a) Basic structure
b) Symbol operation
10.3.13 Sketch and label the transistor equivalent circuit for a Triac
10.3.14 Explain the phase-shift control of Triac with a Diac as a switching device as
used in light for UJT.

10.4 Understand Uni-junction Transistor characteristics.

10.4.1 Sketch the structure of a unijunction transistor (UJT).
10.4.2 Sketch the equivalent circuit and symbol for UJT.
10.4.3 Explain the working of UJT circuit of 2.4.2.
10.4.4 Draw the V-I characteristic curve for UJT.
10.4.5 Draw a circuit for UJT relaxation oscillator.
10.4.6 List the three factors controlling the period of oscillation frequency of a
relaxation oscillator.

10.5 Understand properties of Photo-sensitive BJT&LASCR.

10.5.1 Compare a photo-transistor with a conventional BJT.
10.5.2 List the factors controlling collector current of a photo transistor.
10.5.3 Draw the circuit for forward and reverse acting light operated relay using a
phototransistor.
10.5.4 Sketch the circuit of a photo Darlington pair
10.5.5 List the requirements to turn-on and turn-off of light activated SCR (LASCR).
10.5.6 List the types of input devices normally used in a opt coupler
10.5.7 List five types of output devices used in opto-coupler.
10.5.8 List the applications of opto-coupler.

96
Total Contact Hours: Practical: 96 Hours.

LIST OF PRACTICAL

1. Assemble Half Adder and verify its operation.

2. Assemble Full Adder and verify its operation.
3. Assemble Binary Subtractor Circuit and verify its operation.
4. Assemble Binary Adder/ Subtractor Circuit and verify its operation.
5. Verify the operation of BCD to Decimal Converter.
6. Verify the operation of Decimal to BCD Converter.
7. Construct an RS Flip Flop using NAND gates.
8. Demonstrate the logical properties of clocked JK master/slave flip-flop.
9. Demonstrate the logical properties of D Type Flip Flop.
10. Demonstrate the logical properties of T Type Flip Flop.
11. Assemble a Monostable Multivibrator with the help of 555 Timer.
12. Assemble a Astable Multivibrator with the help of 555 Timer.
13. Construct a 4 bit shift register and study its operation.
14. Construct an 8 bit binary counter and study its operation.
15. Interfacing TTL with CMOS and CMOS with TTL ICs.
16. Construct a Binary weighted DAC and study its operation.
17. Construct a Ladder ADC and study its operation.
18. Plot the input & output characteristics of a transistor in common base configuration.
19. Plot the input & output characteristics of a transistor in common emitter configuration.
20. Plot the input and output characteristics of transistor in common collector configuration.
21. Assemble a BJT Switch circuit and check it’s in put and out put.
22. Plot the transfer characteristics curve of transistor in CE configuration.
23. Assemble a transistor voltage amplifier and find its voltage gain.
24. Consult data sheet for a FET to study its parameters and ratings.
25. Demonstrate MOSFET as a switch and study its performance.
26. Draw the forward and reveres characteristics of a Zener diode.
27. Use a Zener diode as voltage regulator with diode rectifier.
28. Assemble a Zener diode Limiter circuit and observe it’s in put and out put waveforms.
29. Assemble a seven segment display with the help of LEDs.
30. Assemble a circuit of photoelectric relay using a photodiode.
31. Assemble a UJT relaxation oscillator and observe its waveform.
32. Assemble a light dimmer with the help of Diac and Triac.

97
Course Code: CIT- 263 T P C
Course Title: Relational Data Base Management System 2 3 3

Databases are part of our everyday life. Whether we are accessing our bank accounts, paying bills,
searching the Web or calling a call centre, our requests are most likely posted to a database
management system. The aim of the course is a paradigm shift from "computation" to "information"
and covers some of the core concepts on data structuring and querying. It covers fundamentals of
database architecture, database management systems, and database systems, Principles and
methodologies of database design, and techniques for database application development.

Course Objectives

At the end of the course, the students are expected to be able to

 Design and Implement a Relational database for real life problems
 Write Complex Queries and Use SQL
 Suggest a Centralized / Distributed system according to organizational needs
 Design and implement solutions for the small business organizations

COURSE OUTLINE

Contents Hours

1. Introduction 6
Introducing the Database Management System
Field Definitions and Naming Conventions
Components of DB Applications
DB Tools; Microsoft Access, MySQL
2. Database System 4
Legacy DB Systems
File Processing Systems
Hierarchical Model
Network Model
3. Database Models 4
Semantic Data Model
Relational Model
Database Models and the Internet
4. Relational Database Management Systems 6
A logical view of Data; Entities and Attributes
Tables and their Characteristics, Keys
Integrity rules
Entity and referential integrity
Relational Database operators
5. Normalization of Database Tables 6

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 Need for Normalization
Conversion to First Normal Form
Conversion to Second Normal Form
Conversion to Third Normal Form
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

6. Relational Algebra and SQL 16

Unary and Binary operations
Cartesian Product
Set Operations
SQL Operators
Relational Algebra and SQL
Introduction to DDL and DML
Data Control Language
Aggregate Function in SQL, Grouping Data
7. Database Life Cycle (DBLC) 4
Database Initial Study
Database Design
Database Design Strategies
Centralized versus Decentralized Design
8. Entity Relationship (E-R) Modeling 12
Basic Modeling Concepts
Degrees of Data Abstraction
Association and Cardinality
Relationship Participation
Composite Entities, Entity Super types and subtypes
Enhanced Entity Relationship Diagram
Transform ER/EER to Relational Model
9. Transaction Management 6
What is a Transaction?
Evaluating Transaction Results
Transaction Management with SQL
Transaction Log, Transaction Types

Total Hours: 64

References

 Fundamentals of Database Systems

Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant Navathe
5th Edition 2009 ISBN: 9788131716250
 Database Management Systems
C. J. Dates
8th Edition, 2001 ISBN 0-901-543432-8
 Database System Concept
Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel
ISBN: 9788131509708
 Introduction to PL\SQL by Oracle Press

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 LIST OF Practicals

Sr. Lab- Topics/ Practical

01. Introduction to Microsoft Access
Installation and basic usage
02. Introduction to MySQL database management system
Installation and basic usage
03. Create Database
Create Table, Data types,
DML (insert, delete, update) operations
Concept of primary key
04. More than One table
Concept of join and foreign key, Referential Integrity
Cascade update and Cascade delete operations
Master-Details tables and DML
05. Concept of QBE (Query by Example) grid in MS Access
Writing Queries using QBE
Aggregate functions
Datasheet, SQL and design view
06. Simple Select Statement
Select and Project operations
Where clause
07. Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Concatenation)
Null value in Expressions
Between, In , Like operators
Column Alias
Sorting (order by clause)
Single Row Functions
08. Group functions
Group By, Having Clause
Joins & Types
09. Database Concepts
DDL and DML
Transactions
10. Database Connectivity with mySQL
11. Database Connectivity(Login Problem)
Save, Retrieve, Update using PHP & MySQL
Data movement between page navigation
12. User Level Security and Access Rights
Relational Modeling using Erwin

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CIT-263 – Relational Data Base Management System

Instructional / LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing this course the student must demonstrate the knowledge and ability to:

1. Understand the needs of a DBMS software

2. Describe the components of a database and its naming conventions.
3. Clear overview of different existing DMS tools like MS Access and MySQL
4. Understand, appreciate and effectively explain the underlying concepts of legacy and latest
database technologies.
5. Understand different models of DBMS, like hierarchical and network.
6. Understand the pros and cons of semantic and relational data models.
7. Understand and apply integrity rules on a data base
8. Understand the difference between entity integrity and reverential integrity.
9. Declare and enforce integrity constraints on a database using a state-of-the-art RDBMS
10. Have clear understanding of relational database operators.
11. Understand the need for normalization.
12. Understand the steps required to normalize a database.
13. Should be able to practically bring a database from 1st normal form to BCNF
14. Normalize a database
15. Understand the set operations and SQL operators
16. Understand of Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Definition Language (DDL), and
Data Control Language (DCL)
17. Populate and query a database using SQL DML/DDL commands.
18. Understand all the steps required to design a basic database to meet the need of an
organization.
19. Design and implement a database schema for a given problem-domain
20. Understand the importance of database modeling using ER-model and enhanced ER-model
21. Understand the difference between entities, super-types, and subtypes.
22. Should be able to transform ER / EER to relational model
23. Differentiate between transaction processing system and functional area information system
24. Understand the difference between transaction log and transaction types

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