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Class X E Book Maths Chapter 17 Co Ordinate Geometry

The document discusses coordinate geometry and defining points in a plane using x and y coordinates. It defines the x-axis, y-axis, and quadrants of a plane. It provides formulas for calculating the distance between two points and finding the ratio in which a point divides a line segment between two other points. Several examples are given to demonstrate using these concepts and formulas to solve geometry problems involving finding coordinates, determining if points form shapes, and determining values to satisfy collinear points.

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203 views9 pages

Class X E Book Maths Chapter 17 Co Ordinate Geometry

The document discusses coordinate geometry and defining points in a plane using x and y coordinates. It defines the x-axis, y-axis, and quadrants of a plane. It provides formulas for calculating the distance between two points and finding the ratio in which a point divides a line segment between two other points. Several examples are given to demonstrate using these concepts and formulas to solve geometry problems involving finding coordinates, determining if points form shapes, and determining values to satisfy collinear points.

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Yashvsyash
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Chapter 17 Co-ordinate Geometry


We are already familiar with plotting a point on a plane graph paper. For this we take two perpendicular lines XoX and YoY intersecting at O. XOX is called x-axis or abscissa and YoY is called y-axis or ordinate. Point in a plane

Let us take a point P in a plane. Let XOX and YOY be pendicualr to each other at O. are drawn. If OM = x and ON = y then x-coordinate of P is x and y-coordinate of P is y. Here we write x-coordinate first. Hence (x, y) and (y, x) are different point whenever . The two lines XOX and YOY divides the plane into four parts called quadrants. XOY, YOX, XOY and YOX are respectively the first second, third and and fourth quadrants. We take the direction from O to X and O to Y as positive and the direction from O to X and O to Y as negative. Distance between two points Let P (x1, y1) and Q (x2, y2) be the two points. We have to find PQ.

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OM = x1, PM = y1 = RN ON = x2, QN = y2 PR = MN = ON OM = x2 x1 QR = QN RN = y2 y1 By Pythagoras theorem PQ2 = PR2 + QR2 = (x2 - x1)2 + (y2 y1)2

If x1 = 0, y1 = 0, x2 = x and y2 = y Then Section Formula Let P (x, y) divided a line AB such that AP : PB = m1 : m2. Let coordinates of A are (x1, y1) and B are (x2, y2).

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It is obvious that

Taking,

Similarity Note (i) if P is mid point of AB, then AP : PB = 1 : 1

(ii) If m1 : m2 = k, then coordinates of P are

Example 1. Show that the points A (5, 6), B (1, 5), C (2, 1) and D (6, 2) are the vertices of a square. Solution: - Using Distance Formula

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Diagonal AC = diagonal BD A, B, C and D are vertices of a square Example 2. Determine the ratio in which the point P (m, 6) divides the join of A(-4, 3) and B(2, 8). Also find the value of m. Solution:-

Let AP : PB = K : 1

Co-ordinates of P are Burt co-ordinates of P are given (m, 6)

Example 3. The coordinates of the mid-point of the line joining the points (2p + 2, 3) and

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(4, 2q + 1) are (2p, 2q). Find the value of p and q. Solution:-

Let the given points be A (2p + 2, 3), B(4, 2q + 1) and C (2p, 2a)

Co-ordinates of C are

Example 4. Find the ratio in which the line-segment joining the points (6, 4) and (1, -7) is divided by x-axis. Solution:-

Let the two points A (6, 4) and B (1, -7), be divided by x-axis at C (x, 0) Let AC : CB = K : 1

Co-ordinates of C are As C lies on x-axis

Example 5. Prove that coordinates of the centroid of a triangle ABC, with vertices (x1

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y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are given by Solution:Let the vertices of triangles be A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3)

Let D be the mid-point of BC.

Co-ordinates of D are Let centroid of triangle ABC be G.

Co-ordinates of G are

Example 6. Find the value of m for which the points with co-ordinates (3, 5), (m, 6) and (1/2, 15/2) are collinear. Solution :- Let the three points be A (3, 5) B (m, 6) and (1/2, 15,2) As points A, B and care collinear

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Exercise - 32 1. A(3, 2) and B(-2, 1) are two vertices of a triangle ABC, whose centroid has coordinates (5/3, -1/3). Find the coordinates of the third vertex C of the triangle. 2. Show that the points A(2, -2), B(14, 10), C(11, 13) and D(-1, 1) are the vertices of a rectangle. 3. Determine the ratio in which the points (6, a) divides the join of A(-3, -1) and B(-8, 9). Also find the value of a. 4. Find the point on the x-axis which is equidistant from the points (-2, 5) and (2, -3). 5. The co-ordinates of the mid-point of the line joining the points (3p, 4) and (-2, 2q) are (5, p). Find the values of p and q. 6. Two vertices of a triangle are (1, 2) and (3, 5). If the centroid of the triangle is at the origin, find the coordinates of the third vertex. 7. If a is the length of one of the sides of an equilateral triangle ABC, base BC lies on x-axis and vertex B is at the origin, find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle ABC. 8. The coordinates of the mid-point of the line joining the points (2p+1, 4) and (5, q 1) are (2p, q). Find the value of p and q. 9. The coordinates of two vertices A and B of a triangle ABC are (1, 4) and (5, 3) respectively. If the coordinates of the centroid of triangle ABC are (3, 3), find the coordinates of the third vertex C. 10. Find the value of k for which the points with coordinates (3, 2), (4, K) and (5, 3) are collinear. 11. Find the value of k for which the points with coordinates (2, 5), (k, 11/2) and (4, 6) are collinear. Answers 1. (4, -4) 5. 4, 2 3. 3 : 2, 5 6. (-4, -7) 4. (-2, 0) 7.

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8. 3, 3

9. (3, 2)

10. 5/2

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