Coordinate Geometry Fastracl« Revision > Cartesian System: The system used for describing the position of a point in a plane with reference to two Fixed mutually perpendicular lines is termed as the cartesian system. Ina cartesian system, (0) Horizontal line XX" is called the Xaxis, while vertical line ¥¥" is called Y-axis. ods rd tg Kas (0,0) (abscissa 0 Positive — Negative | neoave ' (ii) The axes Xx’ and YY" divide the plane into Four parts called quadrants. Ai -The perpendicular stance from the ¥axls measured along the Xanis scaled eoordnate or abscissa (iv) The perpendicular distance From the X-axis measured along the Y-axis Is called ycoordinate or ordinate. () (0, 0) Is the origin. > Distance Formula: The distance between two points A(x, J4) and B(x, J.) in the cartesian plane is given by es AB = Vx — or AB laa) 9a)” ()) The distance ofa point P(x. y) Fromthe orlginis vx2+ y (i Three points are collinear, if sum of two sidesis equal to third side > Section Formula for Internal Division: if P(x, y) divides the line segment joining A(x, ys) and B(x, y2) internally in the ratio m: n, then m+ 1%, 4, AA ge Be gy mn mn ee bem) > Mid-point Formula: IF P(x, y) Is the mid-point of A(x, 4) ‘and Bp, ya). then xaBEand y= Knowledge BOOSTER 1. Ina triangle, sum of lengths of any two sides is greater than the length of third side. 2.A triangle is right-ongled triangle iff sides of triangle satisfy Pythagoras theorem. Or A triangle is right-angled, if sum of squares of any two sides is equal to square of third largest side. Wty 2 3. A triangle is equilateral iff its oll sides are equal in length. 4. A triangle Is isosceles iff its any two sides ore equal in length. 5. A triangle Is right-ongled isosceles iff its two sides ore equal in length and oll its sides satisfy Pythagoras theorem. 6. A quadrilateral is a parallelogram iff its opposite sides ore equal in length but the diagonals ore rot equal. 7. Aquadrilateral is a rectangle iff its opposite sides ‘re equal and diagonals are also equal. 8. A quadrilateral is a rhombus iff its all four sides are equal but the diagonals ore not equal. 9. A quadrilateral iso square iffits all sides are equal and diagonals ore also equal. 10. In porattetogram, rectangle, square and rhombus, diagonals bisect each other LAL if the vertices of a triangle are A(x, yx), Bx. ¥:) ‘and C(xs, ys), then centroid of a MABC is n+y* 4) Ss sOQu Qe. Qa. Q4. Qs. 06. Qi. 8. Q9. quo. x Practice Exercise Multiple choice Questions yw ‘The distance of the point (-6, 8) from X-axis is: [case 2023) a.Gunits b.-6units c Bunits — d. units ‘The distance of the point (6, 8) from origin is [cast 2023} a6 b.-6 ce 10 (x,y) is 5 units from the origin. How many such points lie in the third quadrant? [case sop 2023-24) ao bd c2 d. infinitely many Ifthe distance between A(K, 3) and B(2, 3) is 5,then the value of k is: a5 be <7 aa If the point (x, y) is equidistant from the points (2,1) and (1,2), then: a x+3y=0 baxty=0 c x42ye0 4. 3x+2y=0 The points (-4, 0), (4,0) and (0, 3) are the vertices of a/an: [case 2023] a. right triangle equilateral triangle b. isosceles triangle d. scalene triangle The points (2, 4), (2, 6) and (2+/3,5) are the vertices a. an equilateral triangle b. anisosceles triangle © aright triangle 4. aright angled isosceles triangle The distance between the points (aos 0+ bsin 0,0) and (0, 4 sin 0 —b cos 6) is: a heb barb cae Vorab? The area of the triangle formed by the line % sZt withthe coordinate axes i: (cost 2023] cto 4. 20b a. ab za a The centre of a circle is (2a, a — 7). If the circle passes through the point (1, -9) and has diameter 102 units, then the value of ais: bi da3 ag a8 qu uz, us. qu. Qus. Qi. qu. Que. Qu. ff A@3,V5),B(0,0) and C(3,k) are the three vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC, then the value of kis: [c05e 2021 Termt] a2 b-3 oa av ABCD is a rectangle whose three vertices are (4, 3), (4, 1) and (0, 1). The length of its diagonal a. 2B units b. VBunits 1 nits g —Zunits “Ss & If the vertices of a parallelogram PQRS taken in order are P(3, 4), Q(-2, 3) and R(-3, -2), then the coordinates of its fourth vertex $ are: [case sop 2022.23} b.(2,-3) 4. (1,2) a. &2,-1) © 2-0 If the segment joining the points (a, ) and (c, d) subtends a right angle at the origin, then: a. oc-bd=0 b. ac+bd=0 © ob+cd=0 4. ab-cd=0 Points A(-1, y) and B(5,7) lie on acircle with centre 0(2,-3y). The values of yare: —_(CASE2021 Term] aia o27 7 Hf P(-1, 1) is the mid-point of the line segment. joining A(-3, b) and B(1, b + 4),then b = al b-1 2 40 In what ratio does the paint P(3, 4) divides the line segment joining the points A(1, 2) and B(6, 7)? ad:2 b.2:3 ca aaa ‘The coordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle formed by the points 0(0, 0), 0) and B(0, ) are: ») b (2.8 a. (ab) (3 Z| ¢ (34) 4. (60) Ifthe point P(6, 2) divides the line segment joining ‘A(6, 5) and B(4, y) in the ratio 3 : 1, then the value of yis: [case 2020) a4 b3 e2 dtQ20. Qazi. gz. Q23. Qa. Qe. IFA(4,—2), B(7,-2) and C(7, 9) are the vertices of a ABC, then ABC is: [¢8S€ 2023 Term] a. equilateral triangle b. isosceles triangle © right angled triangle d. Isoscetes right angled triangle The ratio in which the X-axis divides the line segment joining the points (~2, 3) and (6,—7) [case 2023] alsa bay? 7:3 da:2 Point P divides the line segment joining 3) and S(9, 8) in ratio k :1.If Plies on the line [CBSE Sop 2021 Term} cw dv 228 The points A, B and C are collinear and At the coordinates of A, B and C are (5, ) (1, 3) and. (6,4) respectively, then the values of a and b are: bw BC.IF a. 2and-1 b, land -2 © land 2 4 -land-2 The base BC of an equilateral AABC lies on the Y-axis. The coordinates of C are (0, —3). If the origin is the mid-point of the base BC. What are the coordinates of A and B? [CBSE 2021 Term-t} a. A(v3.0).8(0.3) b. A(+3V3.0).8(2.0) c A(¢3V3.0).8(0.3) — ¢, A(-~V3.0).8(3.0) The equation of the perpendicular bisector of line segment joining points A(4, 5) and B(~2, 3) is: [cese sop 2022 Term} b. 3x42y-7=0 6 ax+y-7-0 a 2x-y+7=0 © 3x-y-760 “Y Assertion & Reason type Questions W Directions (Q. Nos. 26-30): In the following questions, a staternent of Assertion (A) Is followed by a stotement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option: Q26. a Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A) b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reas on (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) c Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) Is false 4. Assertion (A) Is false and Reason (R) is true Assertion (A): The distance between the points (cos 0, sin 0) and (sin 0,— cos 0) is 2 units. Reason (R): The distance between two points Abra ys) and Blix, ya) i given by Al Cay 27. Q28. Q29. Q30. Assertion (A): The point P(—4, 6) divides the join of ‘A(-6, 10) and B(3,—8) in the ratio 2: 7. Reason (R): If the point C(x, y) divides the join of Alxy,¥4) and B(x,,y2) in the ratio mt: n, then my, + men _ mg tox men and y= Assertion (A): If the coordinates of the mid-points of the sides AB and AC of AABC are D(3, 5) and E(-3, -3) respectively, then BC = 20 units. Reason (R): The line joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and equal to half of it. [case sop 2022-23} Assertion (A): The coordinates of the points which divide the line segment joining A(2, -8) and 23 B(-3,-7) into three equal parts are (F y ) and (3) Reason (R): The points which divide AB in the ratio 1:3 .and 3:1 are called points of trisection of AB. Assertion (A): The coordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are (0,6), (8, 12) and (8, 0), w=) Reason (R): Coordinates of the centroid of triangle whose vertices are (x,y). (Xi¥a) and (xs, ys), are [ees mene) 3 3 “AY Fill in the Blanks Type Questions Qa. Q32. 33, 934. 35. The angle subtended by joi 8(0, 2) to the origin point i: Ifthe point P(k— 1,2) is equidistant from the points A(3,K) and B(k, 5), the value of k is/2P€ warn The coordinates of a point on X-axis which is equidistant from the points (~3, 4) and (7,6), are ig points A(3, 0) and Suppose AB is a line segment and points P and Q are nearer to A and B on a line segment AB such that AP = PQ= QA.then P divides the line segment, in the ratio. The point which lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points A(-2, -5) and B(2, 5) iTrue/False type Questions y Q36. The distance between points P(a sin 4, 0) and Q(0,~a 00s 4) is a. Q37. The ratio in which the Line segment joining the points (~3, 10) and (6,8) is divided by (1, 6) is 2/7. INCERT EXERCISE] Q38. If the vertices of a triangle are A(x;, ¥:)+ BOtz ¥:) and C(xs, ys), then the centroid of a AABC is Xa+Hg+Hs Va +2 +¥s 3 8 l Q39. tf three points are collinear, then area of triangle is not zero. If point P divides the line joining A and B in the ratio 4 : 1, then point P is the mid-point of AB. Q 40. Solu ions 1. (9) We know that, the perpendicular distance from Xaxis measured along the Y-axis is called ycoordinate The distance of the point (-6, 8) from X-axis = Numerical value of y-coardinate = 8 units 2. (¢) Given, (6.8) = (x.y) and origin = (0.0) = (x2 ya) Distance of the point (-6. 8) fram the origin = bg +2 -wP = (046)? +(0-8)? V36+64 « VI00 = 10 3. (d) Given: (x. y) = (x, i) and origin = (0. 0) = (xa. yz) Also (xy) is 5 unit fram the arigin Voq- x)? +2 “WP =5 = (o-x?+(0-y) = x? + Ev) () In third quadrant. the coordinates of the point = (-x-y) which satisfy eq, (0). So. there are infinitely many points Ue in the third quadrant which satisfy eq, (1) 4, (0) The distance between A and Bis (k—2) +(3 3 vlk-2) Squaring on both sides. we have (k~ 2) k-2=45 = k=245 > k=Tor-3 5. (a) Let the points be P(x y). A(2.1) and 8(1.— 2) Since, P is equidistant from A and B. AP =BP = Ap? = Bp Sx 2P Hye be WP ey +2? > Pde rhsy?-2ytlex? 2+ T4y? Hay 44 = ~4x—2y=— 2x4 Ay 2x+6y=0 = x+3y=0 6. (b) Let ABC be the triangle whose vertices are A (-4,0). B (4.0) and C (0. 3). TiP nan isosceles triangle, ony two sides ore equal AB=y(4+4)? +(0-O) = y(8)?+0=8 Here B= (0-4)? + (3-0)? =vi6+9 = V25=5 and ACe Y(0+4)? + (3-0)? = V16+9 = V25 @5 We have. 8C = AC = 5 Hence, aABC is an isosceles triangle 7. (a) Let ABC be the triangle whose vertices are A(2. 4), 8(2. 6) and c(2+ 3.5) TiP In an equilateral triangle, all sides are equal. ac=f(2+V3- 27 +567 MBP HOP ove =2 ac= far a-2P 6-4 =V0BP +0? =a =2 We have, AB = BC = AC=2 Here. A and Hence, AABC is an equilateral triangle.