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Q1: When and where was Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) born?

Answer: Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was born in 571 AD in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. He
was born into a respected Quraish family, which was known for idol worship and did not
believe in one God.

Q2: What did Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) ask the Quraish to do, and how did they
respond?
Answer: Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) asked the Quraish to stop worshipping idols and
to worship the one true God, Allah. He proclaimed that he was the Prophet of Allah. Most
of the Quraish refused to accept Islam, believing that he was opposing their gods and
ancestors. They strongly opposed the new faith.

Q3: What significant event marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar, and why did it
happen?
Answer: The significant event that marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar is the
Hijra, which occurred when Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) emigrated from Makkah to
Yathrib (later renamed Madina) due to increasing hostility from the Quraish. This migration
happened after he received positive signals from Yathrib, and he arrived there on 28th June
622.

Q4: Who were the main groups of people in Madina when Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)
arrived, and what was his approach to ensure peace among them?
Answer: Upon arriving in Madina, there were four main groups:
Muslims from Madina and Makkah,
Hypocrites who pretended to embrace Islam,
Pagans from Aws and Khazraj, and
The Jews.
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) invited the leading personalities from all these communities
to discuss and reach a formal agreement, resulting in the Constitution of Madina. This
document outlined the rights and duties of Muslims and Jews and ensured freedom of
religion and mutual security.

Q5: What was the significance of Prophet Muhammad's (S.A.W) farewell pilgrimage, and
what were some key messages from his last sermon?
Answer: The farewell pilgrimage in 10 A.H. was significant as it was the first and last
pilgrimage made by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). During this event, he delivered his last
sermon in which he emphasized the sanctity (holiness) of life and property, the importance
of returning entrusted goods, the rights and duties of men and women, the equality of all
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humans, and the unity of Muslims. He concluded by affirming that he had conveyed Allah's
message to the people.

Q6: What did Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) say about equality in his last sermon?
Answer: In his last sermon, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) stated that all mankind is from
Adam, who was created from dust. He emphasized that no one has superiority over
another based on race, ethnicity (background), or color. The noblest in Allah's sight are the
most pious (God-fearing). He declared that all claims to superiority based on blood or
wealth were false and should be crushed.

Q7: How did Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) address the issue of Satan in his last sermon?
Answer: Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) warned the people about Satan, stating that
although Satan had lost hope of leading them astray in significant matters, they should be
wary (suspicious) of following him in minor matters. This warning was aimed at
safeguarding their religion by being cautious of Satan's influence.

Q8: What was the purpose of the Constitution of Madina, and what did it achieve?
Answer: The Constitution of Madina was designed to ensure peaceful coexistence
among the different communities in Madina. It outlined the rights and duties of Muslims
and Jews, provided freedom of religion, and prohibited alliances with outside enemies. It
established that any disputes would be referred to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) for
settlement, thereby promoting harmony and security in the city.

The last Hajj sermon of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), delivered during his farewell
pilgrimage in 10 A.H. at the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, encapsulates (summarizes)
essential teachings for the Muslim community. This historic event holds profound (deep)
significance as it was the Prophet's final public address, attended by countless Muslims,
where he imparted (conveyed) critical guidance and values. Its key teachings are,

1. Sanctity of Life and Property: Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) emphasized that the life
and property of every Muslim are sacred. He urged the followers to return goods
entrusted to them to their rightful owners and to avoid harming others, ensuring
mutual respect and safety within the community.

2. Equality and Brotherhood: The Prophet (S.A.W) declared the equality of all
human beings, stating that no Arab has superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a white
person have superiority over a black person, except by piety and good actions. This

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powerful message aimed to abolish racial and ethnic discrimination, promoting unity
and brotherhood among Muslims.

3. Rights of Women: The sermon addressed the rights and responsibilities concerning
women. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) acknowledged that women have rights over
men, just as men have rights over women. This call for mutual respect and fairness in
gender relations was a progressive (broad – minded) teaching for the time.

4. Beware of Satan: The Prophet (S.A.W) cautioned against the influence of Satan,
noting that while Satan had lost hope in leading the believers astray in significant
matters, he could still influence them in minor ones. This warning was to encourage
vigilance (caution) and steadfastness(loyalty) in maintaining religious integrity.

5. Unity and Solidarity (harmony): Emphasizing the concept of the Muslim Ummah,
the Prophet (S.A.W) stated that every Muslim is a brother to every other Muslim, and
they constitute one brotherhood. This teaching promotes solidarity and collective
responsibility within the Muslim community.

6. Meritocracy and Justice: Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) underscored (emphasized)

that superiority is not based on race, wealth, or lineage (ancestry) but on piety and
righteous conduct. He crushed all false claims to greatness founded on blood or
wealth, advocating (supporting) for a just and meritocratic society.

The messages conveyed in this last sermon are timeless, providing a foundation for a fair
and equitable society rooted in honesty, justice, and mutual respect. These teachings
continue to guide Muslims in their personal and communal (public) lives, striving to create a
harmonious and righteous society.

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Q1: How was information about Shah Latif’s early life collected? Why was it collected in
this manner?
Answer: Information about Shah Latif’s early life was collected from oral traditions by
Mirza Kalich Beg, a renowned scholar. This method was necessary because there were no
written records available from that time, so the details were gathered from older
generations who had heard about Shah Latif from their ancestors.

Q2: Why is Shah Latif called the “Saint of Bhit”?

Answer: Shah Latif is called the “Saint of Bhit” because he lived on a mound of sand, for
the rest of his life. In Sindhi language, a mound of sand is called 'Bhit' so his association with
this mound led to his title, Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai.

Q3: Why did Shah Latif not marry again after his wife died?
Answer: Shah Latif did not marry again after his wife, Bibi Saidha Begum, died at an
early age because his heart turned more towards religion and devotion. He felt restless and
found it difficult to live a normal domestic life, focusing instead on his spiritual growth.

Q4: Why did people become Shah Latif’s followers?

Answer: People became Shah Latif’s followers due to his gentle ways, strong spiritual
power, and devotion to God. His increasing spiritual strength attracted many people, who
were deeply impressed by his kindness and mysticism (spirituality).

Q5: What does Shah Latif’s poetry and work tell us about his knowledge and skills?
Answer: Shah Latif’s poetry and work demonstrate his extensive knowledge of Arabic
and Persian, and his deep understanding of the Holy Qur'an and Hadiths. His writings, such
as the “Shah Jo Risalo”, show his proficiency in these languages and his broad literary and
spiritual insights.
Q6: Name the places in the text mentioned in Shah Latif’s poetry. Why do you think these
places have been mentioned by him?
Answer: The places mentioned in Shah Latif’s poetry include Istanbul, Samarqand,
China, Rome, Kabul, Kandahar, Delhi, and the Deccan. These places are likely mentioned to
illustrate the vast reach and cultural interactions of the Sindhi people, particularly the
sailors and their extensive voyages, reflecting his broad worldview.

Q7: Why is Shah Latif’s key message in his verses acceptable to everyone?
Answer: Shah Latif’s key message in his verses, which centers on love and devotion, is
universal and acceptable to everyone because it transcends cultural and religious
boundaries. His message promotes harmony and goodwill among all human beings.
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Q8: Can we put his message into practice in today’s world? If “Yes” how, if “No” why not?
Elaborate.
Answer: Yes, we can put Shah Latif’s message into practice in today’s world by fostering
love, kindness, and understanding among people of different backgrounds and beliefs. By
emphasizing common humanity and spiritual connection, we can address modern conflicts
and divisions, promoting peace and unity globally.

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Q1: Why do you think nobody spoke while eating dinner?

Answer: Nobody spoke while eating dinner because everyone noticed that Jameel was
upset. They likely wanted to give him space and avoid making him more uncomfortable.

Q2: Why was jameel upset?

Answer: Jameel was upset because, despite his good grades, he was worried about the
future. He felt the pressure of supporting his family and was concerned about the lack of a
nearby college, which made it seem impossible for him to continue his studies and achieve
his dream of becoming a doctor.

Q3: Why do you think Sara tried to hide her feelings?

Answer: Sara tried to hide her feelings because she did not want her father to see her
disappointment when he said she should stay and help her mother. She respected her
father's wishes but was clearly affected by the decision.

Q4: Both Sara and Jameel had to pass every test in the first go. Why was so?
Answer: Both Sara and Jameel had to pass every test in the first go because they could
not afford to fail and retake any exams. Failing would mean additional costs and time,
which they could not bear financially.

Q5: How did Sara and Jameel, and their family, manage the expenses for their studies?
Answer: Sara and Jameel, along with their family, managed the expenses for their
studies by giving tuitions to children in the neighborhood and making significant sacrifices.
Their parents, especially their father and brother Khalid, sold a big piece of fertile land to
pay for their college fees, bearing many hardships to support their education.

Q6: How did life change for Jameel’s family and the villagers?
Answer: Life changed for Jameel's family and the villagers as Jameel and Sara fulfilled
their dreams of becoming doctors. They built a hospital in their village, which significantly
improved healthcare access for the villagers. The family's sacrifices paid off, and the
siblings' hard work brought better health and education to their community.

Q7: How was Sara educating the village women?

Answer: Sara educated the village women by hosting seminars that guided them on
improving their personal and family health and hygiene. She shared knowledge on essential
health practices, helping women to better care for themselves and their families.

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Q8: What lessons do we get from the story?

Answer: The lessons from the story include the importance of perseverance and hard
work in achieving one's dreams, the value of education for both males and females, and the
significance of family support and sacrifice. It also highlights that with determination and
help from others, seemingly impossible challenges can be overcome.

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Q1: What was the main task assigned to the students for their summer vacation project?
Answer: The students were assigned to work in groups of four to find information about
Quaid-e-Azam and Allama Iqbal, two visionary leaders of the Pakistan Movement. They
were required to develop a booklet, a newspaper edition, or any other form of visual
presentation based on the collected information.

Q2: What unique achievement is attributed to Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah?

Answer: Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah's unique achievement is the creation of
Pakistan. He led the Muslims of the sub-continent to achieve an independent state where
they could live according to the teachings of their faith and culture, a feat (achievement)
unparalleled in recent history.

Q3: How did Jinnah's personality and leadership affect his popularity among different
communities in British India?
Answer: Jinnah was respected not only among Muslims but also among people of other
faiths, including Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, and Parsis. His tolerance and acceptance of all
faiths earned him the title 'the best Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity' from Hindu leaders
like Gokhale and Sarojini Naidu.

Q4: What was Quaid’s vision for Pakistan?

Answer: Quaid-e-Azam envisioned Pakistan as a 'nation state' ensuring equal rights for
all citizens, regardless of their faith. He wanted a country where justice, merit, and unity
prevailed, making Pakistan an exemplary state.

Q5: What were some of Allama Iqbal’s achievements in his academic and professional
career?
Answer: Allama Iqbal began his career as a Professor of Arabic after completing his M.A.
in 1899. He later went to London to study law and became a barrister. He continued his
quest for knowledge and earned a Ph.D. in Persian philosophy from Munich University in
1908.

Q6: Describe the political contribution of Allama Iqbal to the cause of the Muslims of
South Asia.
Answer: Allama Iqbal was actively involved in politics, elected to the Punjab Legislative
Council, and later became the President of the Punjab branch of the All India Muslim
League. His biggest political contribution was his Allahabad address in 1930, where he
proposed the creation of a separate Muslim state, laying the groundwork (foundation) for
the eventual creation of Pakistan.
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Q7: How did Allama Iqbal's ideas help create Pakistan, even though he died before it was
formed?
Answer: Allama Iqbal played a major role by planting the idea of a separate state for
Muslims in the minds of the people. His vision was a guiding force for Quaid-e-Azam and
the Muslim League, who continued to work towards the creation of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam
acknowledged Iqbal's influence by referring to him as a friend, guide, and philosopher.

Q8: What did Quaid-e-Azam say about Allama Iqbal's support for the Muslim League on
his death?
Answer: Quaid-e-Azam, praised Iqbal's role in a message on his death. He said, “To me
he was a friend, guide and philosopher, and during the darkest moments through which the
Muslim League had to go, he stood like a rock”.

Q9: In his Allahabad address, what did Iqbal advice people about Islam?
Answer: In his Allahabad address, Iqbal advised people that during difficult times in
history, it is Islam that has saved Muslims, not the other way around. He emphasized that
by putting their faith in Islam, Muslims would become strong and united once again,
preventing their complete destruction.

Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah was one of the most influential personalities in South
Asia. His message of 'Unity, Faith, and Discipline' remains a guiding principle for the nation.
He was a top barrister in Bombay, showcasing his strong legal acumen (insight). His most
notable achievement is the creation of Pakistan. Unlike other leaders who fought for
independence, Jinnah successfully led the Muslims of the subcontinent to establish a new
country where they could practice their faith freely. Jinnah was respected not only by
Muslims but also by Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, and Parsis. Leaders like Gokhale and Sarojini
Naidu admired his efforts for Hindu-Muslim unity.
Jinnah initially supported Hindu-Muslim unity and was an active member of the Indian
National Congress. Realizing the Congress's leaning towards Hindu dominance, he joined
the Muslim League and became its president. Jinnah advocated for a separate homeland
for Muslims, ultimately leading to the creation of Pakistan despite strong opposition from
both the British rulers and the Hindu majority. Jinnah envisioned Pakistan as a state
ensuring equal rights for all citizens, free from religious discrimination. He wanted Pakistan
to be a nation where justice and meritocracy prevailed, aiming for unity and progress.
Jinnah's vision remains a foundational aspiration for Pakistan, emphasizing the need for
continuous efforts to achieve his ideals of peace, prosperity, and equality.

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Allama Iqbal was a renowned poet, philosopher, and academic. He began his career as a
Professor of Arabic after completing his M.A. in 1899. He studied law in London and earned
a Ph.D. in Persian philosophy from Munich University in 1908, illustrating his diverse
intellectual pursuits. Known as the "Poet of the East," Iqbal's literary works inspired many,
highlighting his deep connection to Islamic philosophy and culture.
Iqbal was elected to the Punjab Legislative Council in 1926 and was actively involved in the
Muslim League. In 1930, he delivered a landmark speech at the Allahabad meeting of the
All-India Muslim League, advocating for a separate Muslim state. This address laid the
groundwork for the Pakistan Resolution in 1940. His vision for a separate Muslim state
significantly influenced the creation of Pakistan, even though he passed away nine years
before its establishment. Iqbal believed in the power of Islam to unite Muslims and urged
them to remain true to their faith. He emphasized that Islam had historically been the
source of strength and unity for Muslims. He was a guiding philosopher for the Pakistan
Movement, with Quaid-e-Azam recognizing him as a friend and mentor who provided firm
support during challenging times. Iqbal's ideas and vision continue to inspire the Muslim
community, emphasizing the importance of faith, unity, and striving towards a prosperous
and just society.

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1. What are the most common diseases caused by mosquito bites?

Answer: In our lives, we encounter various types of diseases, each caused by different
factors. Some of the most common diseases transmitted by mosquito bites are malaria,
dengue, and chikungunya.

2. Which specific part of the body becomes highly infected in Cerebral Malaria? What
are the potential consequences?
Answer: In Cerebral Malaria, the brain becomes highly infected due to the blockage of
blood flow caused by clotted, infected red blood cells. This condition can lead to severe
neurological complications, including seizures, altered mental status, and coma. If not
treated promptly, Cerebral Malaria can be life-threatening.

3. What can lead to severe liver infection when one has malaria?
Answer: Severe liver infection in malaria can occur when the infected red blood cells
become stickier than usual, leading to clotting and potential blockage of blood flow to the
liver.

4. How is the immune system affected through dengue?

Answer: Dengue affects the immune system by attacking white blood cells and
antibodies, causing a decrease in their numbers and functionality, which can result in
complications like shock and fluid leakage.

5. How often can one get infected with chikungunya? Why?

Answer: Chikungunya typically infects a person once, as recovery usually results in
lifelong immunity. This is because once the body has encountered the virus, it develops
immunity against future infections.

6. Which two of the three diseases have similar symptoms? What are these?
Answer: Chikungunya and dengue have similar symptoms and disease processes. Both
involve fever, joint pain, and skin rashes, making it difficult to distinguish between the two
without specific diagnostic tests.

7. How often does one have fever and chills when one has malaria?
Answer: When one has malaria, fever and chills occur every two days, corresponding
with the cycles of parasite replication and bursting of infected red blood cells.

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8. How do all these diseases affect our life?

Answer: These diseases affect our life by impacting health and productivity. Recovery
can be prolonged, affecting work and daily activities due to weakness and other symptoms.
9. How can we protect ourselves from these three diseases?
Answer: To protect ourselves from malaria, dengue, and chikungunya, we should wear
protective clothing, use mosquito repellents, maintain hygienic surroundings, and eliminate
stagnant water where mosquitoes breed.

10.What should we do if we want to recover quickly from these diseases?

Answer: To recover quickly from these diseases, seeking immediate medical help upon
observing symptoms is crucial. Early diagnosis and proper treatment significantly improve
recovery outcomes.
Short Notes
Malaria:
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is
transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. There are several species
of Plasmodium, each causing varying severity of symptoms. The parasite enters the
bloodstream through the mosquito's saliva and infects red blood cells, leading to cycles of
fever, chills, and sweating. Severe cases can result in complications such as cerebral
malaria, where the brain is affected due to blocked blood flow. Symptoms include high
fever, headache, nausea, and sometimes organ dysfunction like kidney problems.
Prevention involves mosquito control measures such as bed nets treated with insecticide
and anti-malarial medications for travelers to endemic areas. Prompt diagnosis and
treatment with anti-malarial drugs are essential to prevent progression to severe disease
and death.

Dengue:
Dengue fever is caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3,
and DEN-4), which are transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus infects white
blood cells and other immune system components, leading to a range of symptoms from
mild fever and body aches to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.
Severe cases can lead to plasma leakage, bleeding, and organ impairment, potentially
resulting in death if not managed promptly. Symptoms include sudden high fever, severe
headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, and skin rash. There is no specific
treatment for dengue; supportive care to manage symptoms and close monitoring for signs
of severe disease are crucial. Prevention focuses on vector control measures such as
eliminating mosquito breeding sites and using insect repellents and protective clothing.

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Chikungunya:
Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes. The
virus causes symptoms such as fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, nausea, and rash.
Joint pain can be severe and debilitating (unbearable), lasting for weeks to months, and in
some cases, it can become chronic (long – lasting). Unlike dengue, chikungunya rarely
causes death, but it can severely affect quality of life during the acute phase. There is no
specific treatment for chikungunya; management focuses on relieving symptoms with pain
relievers, fluids, and rest. Prevention includes mosquito control measures similar to those
for dengue, such as eliminating breeding sites and using repellents and protective clothing.
Once infected, individuals typically develop lifelong immunity against the virus.

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8 (Part 1)

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8 (Part 2)
Ghazi’s Diary

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