CHAPTER-8

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
01 MARK TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. NO QUESTION MARK
1. 0
If two tangents inclined at an angle 60 are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm, then 1
the length of each tangent is
(A) 323 cm (B) 6 cm (C) 3 cm (D) 33 cm
2. In the given figure, AT is a tangent to the circle with centre O such that OT = 4 cm 1
and ∠ OTA = 300. Then AT = ?
(A) 4 cm (B) 2 cm (C) 23 cm (D) 43cm

3. If cos( +  ) = 0, then the value of sin( -  )is (A) sin (B) 1

sin2 (C) cos  (D) cos 2
4. In the given figure, AOB is a diameter of a circle with centre O. The value of 1
tanA tanB is
(A)1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 3

5. 𝑘 1
If cos(810+Ө) = sin( – Ө), then k is equal to:
3
1 1
(A)43 ° (B) 54° (C)27° (D)13 °
2 2
6. If sinӨ – cosӨ = 0, then the value of sin4Ө + cos4Ө is 1
1 1 3
(A) 1 (B) (c) (D)
2 4 4
7. The Value of cos1°cos2°cos3°……….cos180° 1
(A)1 (B)0 (C)-1 (D) None of these
8. If k +1 = sec Ө(1 + sinӨ)(1- sinӨ)
2
1
(A)1 (B) 2 (C)0 (D)-1
9. If sinӨ – cosӨ = 0,then the value of sin Ө + cos Ө is
6 6
1
 2 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 4 4
10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 20°+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 70° 2 1
If = ,then k is equal to
2(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 59°+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 31°) 𝑘
(A)3 (B)1 (C)2 (D) 4
3
11. If cotA= 4 then the value of cosB when right angled at C is 1
3 2 4 5
(a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 3
12. The value of sin 0°. cos 1°. sin 2°. cos 3°… sin 89° cos 90° is 1
(a) 0 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d) 3/√2

13. If x + y =900 , then which relation is correct: 1

(a) sin x = sin y (b) tan x = cot y (c) cos x = cos y (d) sec x = sec y
14. cos 2A = cos A is true when A is equal to: 1
(a) 90° (b) 60° (c) 30° (d) 0°
15. What is the minimum value of tan A, 0 ≤ A ≤ 90° 1
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 12
Correct answer- (b)
16. If in ΔABC, ∠C = 90°, then cos (A + B) = ? 1
1 1
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) √2 (d) 1
17. Assertion(A):- If x = a cos 0 and y = b sin 0, then b2x2 + a2y2 = a²b². 1
Reason(R)- b2x2 + a2y2 = a²b² where x = a and y = 0.
(a)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c)Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d)Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
18. Assertion:- For the value of θ = 600 , for sin 2θ = 1,where 00 < θ < 900. 1
Reason- for any angle (θ), sin2 θ + cos2 θ =1.
(a)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c)Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d)Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
19. Assertion:- The value of cos600 cosec300 – cot600 cot300 is 0. 1
Reason- complementary relations are cosθ=sin (900- θ), cosecθ = sec (900- θ), cotθ = tan
(900- θ).
(a)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c)Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d)Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
20. Assertion : If x sin3θ + y cos3θ = sinθ cosθ and x sinθ = y cosθ, then x2+ y2 = 1 1
Reason : For any value of θ, sin2θ + cos2θ = 1.
(a)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c)Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d)Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
21. In a right-angled ∆ABC, AB=13cm, BC=5 cm and AC =12 cm, what is the value of CosB ?
22. What is the value of θ, for which Sin2θ = 1/2; 0°<θ<90° ?

23. Evaluate in the simplest form: cos60°. cos30°﹣ sin60°. sin 30°
24. If tanA=3/4, then CosA equals to ?
25. In the isosceles triangle ABC, BD is the altitude and ∠ABC = 120°.
What is the value of cosC?
26. If A and B are acute angles and sin A = cos B, then find the value of (A + B) .
27. What is the value of secθ (1 – sinθ) (secθ + tanθ) ?
28. If 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃 where 5𝜃 and 4θ are acute angles, find the value of θ.
29. If 𝑠𝑒𝑐5𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝐴 + 30°) where 5A is an acute angle, then find the value of 1 A.
30. sin2A = 2 sinA is true when A= ?

(a) 450 (b) 00 (c) 300 (d) 600

31. The value of θ, for which tan2θ = √3 is: 1

(a) 15 (b) 45 (c) 30 (d) 90

32. If cosecα = 2 and cosecβ = 2/√3, then the value of sin(α+β) is: 1
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 1

33. What happens to the value of sin when θ increases from 00 to 900 ? 1
(a) Will increase (b) will decrease (c) no change (d) none of these.

34. If tanx = √3 then what is the value of 1/4 cot x/2? 1

(a) 1/2 (b) √3/4 (c) √3/2 (d) 1/4

35. If sin2A = 1/2 cot 2 450 , where A is an acute angle, then the value of A is: 1

(a) 45 (b) 30 (c) 15 (d) 60

36. In the right triangle PQR, PR=5cm, PQ=4cm, RQ=3cm then the value of secR 1
is:

(a) 3/5 (b) 4/3 (c) 5/3 (d) 3/4

37. If sinA + sin2 𝐴 = 1, then the value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 + cos 4 𝐴 is: 1

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

38. In a right triangle PQR, right-angled at Q, if cotR = 1 then the value of 1
2cosecRsecR is:

(a) 4 (b) 2√2 (c) 2 (d) 1

39. In triangle XYZ right angled at Y, XY = √3 cm and XZ = 2 cm then the ratio 1
between angle XZY and ZXY is:
 (a) 2: 1 (b) 1: 2 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 3: 4
40. PQR is an isosceles right triangle, right-angled at Q then the value of 1
2cosecRsecR is:
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 4
41. In right-angled ∆ABC, AB=13cm, BC=5cm and AC =12cm, what is the value 1
of Cos B
A. 5/12
B. 5/13
C. 12/13
13/12
42. If tan A=3/4, then Cos A equals to - 1
A. 4/5
B. 3/5
C. 4/3
D. 3/4
43. The value of θ, for which Sin2θ=1/2; 00<θ<900 is – 1

A. 150
B. 300
C. 450
D. 600
44. Evaluate in the simplest form: cos600. cos300 - sin600. sin300 1
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
-1
45. If Cos y = 0 then what is the value of 1 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑦 1
2 2
a) 0
b) ½
1
c)
√2
1
d)
2√2

46. P and Q are the acute angles such that P>Q. 1

Which of the following is definitely true?
a) Sin P < Sin Q
b) Tan P > Tan Q
c) Cos P > Cos Q
Cos P > Sin Q
47. In a right-angle triangle PQR right angle at Q 1
Which of these is always zero
a) Cos P – Sec R
b) Tan P – Cot R
 c) Sin P – Cosec R
d) Can’t be calculated without knowing the value of P

48. In a class 10 section, teacher asked the student that after solving the equation 1
Sin2 600 – 2 Tan 450 – Cos2 300
What type of number we will get
a) Natural no
b) Whole no
c) Integer no
Irrational no
49. If Cos (A+B) = 0 then Sin (A-B) can be reduced to 1
a) Cos B
b) Cos 2B
c) Sin A
Sin 2A
50. If Sin A + Sin2 A = 1 then the value of Cos2 A + Cos4 A is equal to 1
a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
2
51. The value of θ, for which tan2θ = √3 is: 1

(a) 15 (b) 45 (c) 30 (d) 90

52. If cosecα = 2 and cosecβ = 2/√3, then the value of sin(α+β) is: 1
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 1

53. What happens to the value of sin when θ increases from 00 to 900 ? 1
(a) Will increase (b) will decrease (c) no change (d) none of these.

54. If tanx = √3 then what is the value of 1/4 cot x/2? 1

(a) 1/2 (b) √3/4 (c) √3/2 (d) 1/4

55. If sin2A = 1/2 cot 2 450 , where A is an acute angle, then the value of A is: 1

(a) 45 (b) 30 (c) 15 (d) 60

56. In the right triangle PQR, PR=5cm, PQ=4cm, RQ=3cm then the value of secR 1
is:

(a) 3/5 (b) 4/3 (c) 5/3 (d) 3/4

57. If sinA + sin2 𝐴 = 1, then the value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 + cos 4 𝐴 is: 1

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

58. In a right triangle PQR, right-angled at Q, if cotR = 1 then the value of 1
2cosecRsecR is:

(a) 4 (b) 2√2 (c) 2 (d) 1

59. In triangle XYZ right angled at Y, XY = √3 cm and XZ = 2 cm then the ratio 1
between angle XZY and ZXY is:

(a) 2: 1 (b) 1: 2 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 3: 4

60. PQR is an isosceles right triangle, right-angled at Q then the value of 1
2cosecRsecR is:
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 4
61. C 1
12 cm 5 cm

A B
13 cm
12
If sin x = 13, then x=
(a)A (b) B (c) C (d) NONE
62. D If AD = 14 cm, AC=10 cm then the 1
Θ value of tanθ is:
E C (a) 1 (b) 1/√2 (c) 0 (d) 5/3

10 cm 6 cm
A B
63. If sinx=√3/2 and cosy=0, then the value of (y-x) in degrees will be : 1
(a)45 (b) 30 (c) 0 (d) 60
64. A 30° B 1

C
A bridge needs to be constructed on a river. If AC is the bridge and AB = 100√3 m, how
many pillars need to be built in the river if there is a pillar at every 10 m?
(a)100 (b) 10 (c) 9 (d) 11
65. Consider the triangle shown below. 1

What is the value of sin ϴ?

(a)15/17 b) 8/15 c) 8/17 d) 17/8
66. Which of these is equivalent to sin 30° cosec 60° 1
a) tan 30° b) sec 60° c) tan 60° d) sin 45°

67. The two legs AB and BC of right triangle ABC are in a ratio 1:3. What will be the value of 1
cos C?
(a)1/√10 b) 3/√10 c) ⅓ d) ½
68. The value of 2 tan 30°/(1 + tan230°) is 1
(a) ½ b) √3/2 c) 2/√3 d) 1
69. Which of these is equivalent to 1

a) 2 tan3x cosec x b) 2 tan3x sec3 x

c) 2 tan3x cosec3 x d) 2 cot3x cosec x
70. The value of cos 0°. cos 1°. cos 2°. cos 3°… cos 89° cos 90° is 1
a) 1 b) -1 c) 0 d) 12√
71. If x and y are complementary angles, then 1
a) sin x = sin y b) tan x = tan y
c) cos x = cos y d) sec x = cosec y
72. If y sin 45° cos 45° = tan245° – cos230°, then y = 1
(a) –½ (b) -2 (c) 1/2 (d) 2
73. What is the minimum value of sin A, 0 ≤ A ≤ 90 1
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 1/2
74. If sin A – cos A = 0, then the value of sin4A + cos4A is 1
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3/4 (d) 1/2
75. 1 𝑦
If cos y = 0, then what is the value of cos ? 1
2 2
( a )0
( b )1/2
( c)1/√2
( d ) 1 / 2√2
76. If P and Q are acute angles such that ∟ P > ∟ Q . 1
Which of the following is definitely true ?
( a ) sin P < sin Q
( b ) tan P > tan Q
( c) cos P > cos Q
( d ) cos P > sin Q

77. In a right angled triangle PQR, ∟ Q = 900 . 1

Which of these is always correct.
( a ) cos P = secR
( b ) tan P = cotR
( c) sin P =cosec R
( d ) cannot be known without knowing the value of angle P
78. 1

In the above figure ∟R = Ɵ, Then

What is the value of sin Ɵ - cos Ɵ
( a )0 ( b )1 ( c)1/2 ( d )1/5
79. : The value of (sin30° + cos30°) – (sin60° + cos60° ) is 1
(a) –1
 (b) 0
( c)1
( d )2
80. The value of tan 30° 1
is :
cot 60°
( a ) 1/ √2
( b ) 1/ √3
( c)√3
( d )1
81. The value of (sin 45° + cos 45°) is 1
( a ) 1/ √2
( b ) √2
( c) 3/ √2
( d )1
82. If cos A = 4 /5 , then the value of tan A is 1
( a ) 3/ 5
( b ) 3/ 4
( c)4/ 3
( d )5/ 3
83. The value of the expression [cosec (75° + θ) – sec (15° – θ) – tan (55° + θ) + cot 1
(35° – θ)] is
(a) –1
(b) 0
( c)1
( d )3/ 2
84. If ∆ABC is right angled at C, then the value of cos (A+B) is 1
(a) 0
(b) 1
( c)1/ 2
( d )√3 /2
85. 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 60° + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 60° = ……. 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 1/2
86. The value of 𝞱 for which Sin (44° + 𝞱) = Cos30° , is 1
(a) 46° (b) 60° (c) 16° (d) 90°
87. If x = r sin𝞱 and y = r cos𝞱 then the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 is equal to 1
1
(a) r (b) 𝑟 2 (c) 𝑟 (d) 1
88. 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥−1)
Which of these is equivalent to 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
(a) 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 (b) 2𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 (c) 2𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 (d) 2𝑐𝑜𝑡 3 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥
2 3

89. 2𝑡𝑎𝑛30°
The value of1− 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 30° is equal to 1
(a) Cos60° (b) sin60° (c) tan60° (d) sin30°
1
90. If sinA = , then value of A is 1
√2
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 90°
91. If sinA = x and secA = y, then tanA is equal to 1
𝑥 𝑦 1
(a) 𝑦 (b) xy (c) 𝑥 (d) 𝑥𝑦
92. In right triangle ABC, AB=12 cm and AC=13 cm, then A 1
tanA - cotC is equal to
5 7 12
(a) 0 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 5 B C
93. If AOB is the diameter of a circle with centre O with BC=5cm and AC=12cm. Then the 1
value of AB is
(a) 5cm (b) 12cm (c) 13cm (d) √3 cm C
oo 0
A B
94. In the fig. length of BC and AB are respectively, If AC=6cm and <A=30° 1
C

(a) 18cm, cm9√3 (b) 3 cm, 3√3 cm (c) 12 cm, 6√3cm

(d) 12 cm. 3√3 cm
A B
95. If angles A, B, C to a △ABC from an increasing AP, then sin B = 1
(a) 1/2
(b) √3/2
(c) 1
(d) 1/√2
96. If x = a sec θ cosφ, y = b sec θ sinφ and z = c tan θ, then x2/a2+y2/b2= 1
(a) z2/c2
(b) 1 - z2/c2
(c) z2/c2 - 1
(d) 1 + z2/c2
97. If sin A + sin2 A = 1, then cos2 A + cos4 A = ? 1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 4

98. The value of the expression sin6θ + cos6θ + 3 sin2θ cos2θ is 1

(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

99. If x = a cos θ and y = b sin θ, then b2x2 + a2y2 = 1

(a) a2b2
(b) ab
(c) a4b4
(d) a2 + b2
100. Which of the following trigonometric ratios represent sine of angle C

𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
(a) 𝐴𝐶 (b) 𝐴𝐶 (c) 𝐴𝐵 (d) 𝐵𝐶

101. In a right angle triangle ABC ,right angled at C,AB = 4 cm ,CB =2cm, AC = 3 cm ,find cosine of
angle B ?
 4 3 2 3
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 4
102. Which of the following is sin 30°.
1 1
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) √2
103. What is the minimum value of sin 𝜃, 0≤ 𝜃 ≤ 90°
1
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
104. Sin2 𝜃 + cos2𝜃 is equal to
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) 1
105. Sin 2B = 2sinB is true when B is equal
(a) 90° (b) 60° (c) 30° (d) 0°
106. What is the minimum value of cos 𝜃,0≤ 𝜃 ≤ 90°
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) None
2
107. 1 + tan A is equal
(a) 1 (b) cosec2A (c) cot2A (d) sec2A
108. If 5 tan2A – 5 sec2A +1 is equal to
(a) -5 (b) 6 (c) -4 (d) 1
109. The value of sin230° - cos230° is
√3 3 1 2
(a) (b) 2 (c) − 2 (d) 3
2
110. If Sin x = 1 ,then what is the value of1 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑥 1
2 2
1
a) 2
1
b) 2✓2
c) 0
d) 1
111. If θ increases from 0⁰ to 90⁰ then, sin θ changes according to: 1
(a) from –∞ to 0 (b) from 0 to 1 (c) from –∞ to 1 (d) None of these

112. If x and y are complementary angles, then 1

(a) sin x = sin y
(b) tan x = tan y
(c) cos x = cos y
(d) sec x = cosec y
113. If sin θ + sin² θ = 1, then cos² θ + cos4 θ = .. 1
(a) -1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) 2
114. If sec A + tan A = x, then sec A = 1

115. What is the minimum value of cos θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90° 1

(a) -1
(b) 0
 (c) 1
(d) 1/2
116. If sin A = 1/2 and cos B = 1/2, then A + B = ? 1

(a) 00
(b) 300
(c) 600
(d) 900

117. If cos (A + B) = 0, then sin (A – B) is reduced to: 1

(a) cos A

(b) cos 2B

(c) sin A

(d) sin 2B

118. 1
If ∆ABC is right angled at C, then the value of cos(A+B) is

(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 1/2

(d) √3/2

119. Direction: In the following question, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement 1
of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Assertion: (cos4A-sin4A) is equal to 2cos2A-1.
Reason: The value of cosθ decreases as θ increases.
 ANSWERS:

Q. NO ANSWER MARKS
1. D 1
2. C 1
3. D 1
4. A 1
5. C 1
6. B 1
7. B 1
8. C 1
9. D 1
10. D 1
11. (c) 1
12. (a) 1
13. (b) 1
14. (d) 1
15. (b) 1
16. (a) 1
17. (a)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation 1
of assertion (A).
18. (d)Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. 1
19. (a)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation 1
of assertion (A).
20. (b)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct 1
explanation of assertion (A).
21. 5/13 1
22. 15° 1
23. 0(zero) 1
24. 4/5 1
25. √3/2 1
26. 90° 1
27. 1 (one) 1
28. 10° 1
29. 10° 1
30. 0° 1
31. Option (c) 1
32. Option (d) 1
33. Option (a) 1
34. Option (b) 1
35. Option (c) 1
36. Option (c) 1
37. Option (b) 1
38. Option (a) 1
39. Option (a) 1
40. Option (d) 1
41. B 1
42. A 1
43. A 1
44. A 1
45. d 1
46. b 1
47. B 1
48. C 1
49. B 1
50. A 1
51. Option (c) 1
52. Option (d) 1
53. Option (a) 1
54. Option (b) 1
55. Option (c) 1
56. Option (c) 1
57. Option (b) 1
58. Option (a) 1
59. Option (a) 1
60. Option (d) 1
61. (b) 1
62. (a) 1
63. (b) 1
64. AC= 100 m. 1
100
Number of pillars in the river = 10 − 1 =9.

65. c 1
66. a 1
67. b 1
68. b 1
69. b 1
70. c 1
71. d 1
72. c 1
73. b 1
74. d 1
75. ( d ) 1 / 2√2 1
76. ( b ) tan P > tan Q 1
77. ( b ) tan P = cotR 1
78. ( d )1/5 1
79. (b)0 1
80. ( d )1 1
81. ( b ) √2 1
82. ( b ) 3/ 4 1
83. (b)0 1
84. (a) 0 1
85. (b) 1
86. (c) 1
87. (b) 1
88. (c) 1
89. (c) 1
90. (b) 1
91. (b) 1
92. (a) 1
93. (c) 1
94. (b) 1
95. Let the angles of a triangle △ABC be (a – d), a, (a+ d) respectively which 1
constitute an A.P. As we know that sum of all the three angles of a triangle is
180˚.

So, (a – d) + a+ (a+ d) = 180˚

⇒ a = 60˚

therefor ∠B = 60˚

Hence, SinB = √3 /2

96. HINT: ∵ x/a = sec θ cosφ, y/b = sec θ sinφ and z/ c = tan θ, 1
Then find (x/a )2 + (y/b )2 – (z/ c)2
‫ ؞‬x2 / a2 + y2/b2 = 1 + z2/c2
97. We have 1

sin A + sin 2 A = 1
⇒ sin A = 1 – sin2 A
⇒ sin A = cos2 A ......(i)
Squaring both sides

⇒sin2A = cos4A ......(ii)

From equations (i) and (ii), we have

cos2A + cos4A = sin A + sin2A = 1

98. We know that, sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 1

Taking cube on both sides,

⇒ (sin2θ + cos2θ)3 = 1

⇒ (sin2θ)3 + (cos2θ)3 + 3 sin2θ cos2θ (sin2θ + cos2θ) = 1

⇒ sin6θ + cos6θ + 3 sin2θ cos2θ = 1

99. Given 1
x = a cos θ and y = b sin θ,
‫ ؞‬b2x2 + a2y2
= b2( a Cosθ )2 + a2(b Sinθ)2
= a2b2(cos2θ + sin2θ)
= a2b2

100. (b)
101. (c)
102. (b)
103. (b)
104. (d)
105. (d) 0°
106. (b)0
107. (c)
108. (c)-4
109. (c)-1/2
110. b 1
111. b 1
112. d 1
113. c 1
114. d 1
115. b 1
116. d 1
117. b 1
118. a 1
119. b 1
 CHAPTER-8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
02 MARK TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. NO QUESTION MARK
1. In the following figure, find the value of cosφ 2

2. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦° 2
In the given figure if D is the mid-point of BC, then find the value of
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥°

3. In the figure given below if AD = 4cm, BD = 3cm and CB = 12cm, then find 2
the value of cot Ө.

4. 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 30°𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 45° 2

If = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 60° − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 30°,then find the value of x
8𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 45°𝑠𝑖𝑛2 60°
5. If (sinӨ + cosecӨ)2 + (cosӨ + secӨ)2 = k + tan2Ө + cot2Ө, then find the value 2
of k
1
6. At what value of A, show the maximum value? 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴
7. 𝑎−𝑏 2
If sin θ = 𝑎+𝑏 , then find cot θ ?
8. If cot θ = tan (900- θ ) the what is the value of tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° ? 2
9. If sin (A + B) = 1 and cos (A - B) = 1, then determine the value of A and B ? 2
10. If 3tan θ = 4 then determine (sin θ + cos θ) ? 2
11. Evaluate sin260° - 2 tan 45° - cos230° .
12. Simplify the following expression. Show your working.

𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

13. A flagpole casts its shadow that is 25 m long, on the ground. The angle made by the tip of the
 flagpole and the tip of its shadow on the ground is 45°. Find the height of the flagpole.

14. ABC is an isosceles right triangle, right-angled at B. What is the value of 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 ?
15. If 2 sin2θ – cos2θ = 2, then find the value of θ.
16. In a right-angled triangle, if the tangent of an angle is 1.5, what is the length of 2
the opposite side if the adjacent side is 2.5 units?

17. If 7sin2 𝜃 + 3 cos 2 𝜃 = 4, then find the value of tanθ. 2

18. If the cosine of an angle in a right triangle is 0.6, what is the length of the 2
adjacent side if the hypotenuse is 5 units?
19. Find the value of x if, (𝑥 − 4) sin2 60 + (𝑥 − 5) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 30 − 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛45𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 2
0.
20. If cos A = 2/5, find the value of 4 + 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 ? 2
21. 2
22. 2

23. 2

24. 2

25. In a right-angled triangle, if the tangent of an angle is 1.5, what is the length of 2
the opposite side if the adjacent side is 2.5 units?

26. If 7sin2 𝜃 + 3 cos 2 𝜃 = 4, then find the value of tanθ. 2

27. If the cosine of an angle in a right triangle is 0.6, what is the length of the 2
adjacent side if the hypotenuse is 5 units?
28. Find the value of x if, (𝑥 − 4) sin2 60 + (𝑥 − 5) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 30 − 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛45𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 2
0.
29. If cos A = 2/5, find the value of 4 + 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 ? 2
30. 2

Lakshman ji is at the ashram of Bramharshi Vishwamitra , protecting the ashram from

demons. He sees a demon lurking on a tree, hidden in leaves. He adjusts his arrow to take
aim, as shown above.
(a) How far does the arrow travel to hit the target?
What is the height of target from the ground?
31. 2

Find x in the above figure.

32. 2

Nowadays, engineers are installing tuned mass dampers on

skyscrapers which are basically pendulums which share the kinetic energy produced by
earthquakes and minimize the effect on buildings.
One such pendulum is shown above. If the height of point O is 5 m above the rooftop, then
find the height above the roof at the ends of its path.
33. 2

A circular pond is to be constructed in the Central park.

A bridge of length 10 m will also be constructed, such that it makes an angle of 60° at the
centre. Find the radius of the pond.
34. Find the area of an isosceles triangle with base 12 cm and base angles 30° each. 2
35. In ∆ABC, right angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm. Determine sinA & 2
cosA
36. Evaluate 2 tan2 45° + cos2 30° – sin2 60° 2
37. Prove that sin6θ + cos6θ + 3sin2θ cos2θ = 1 2
38. If cosec θ + cot θ = x, find the value of cosec θ – cot θ 2
39. If in a Right Angled Triangle ABC right angled at C, ∠A and ∠B are 2
acute angles such that cos A = cos B, then show that ∠ A = ∠ B
40. Prove that sin6 θ + cos6 θ + 3sin2 θ cos2 θ = 1 2
41. Prove that (sin4 θ – cos4 θ +1) cosec2 θ = 2 2
42. : Given that α + β = 90°, show that√cosα 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐β − cosα 𝑠𝑖𝑛 β = sin α 2
43. In PQR, right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the 2
values of sin P, cos P and tan P.
44. Prove that : 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥− 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥− 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥
= 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑎
45. Given that sinA = 𝑏 , find the value of cosA. 2

46. In the right angled ABC shown below, if <A : <C = 1:2 , what is the value of tanA? 2
A

B C
3
47. If tanα= 4 , find the value of secα . 2
48. Show that 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴. 2
49. Evaluate :𝑠𝑖𝑛2 60° + 2tan45° - 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 30° .
2
50. If sinθ + sin2θ = 1 then prove that cos2θ + cos4θ =1 2
51. If tanθ + sinθ = m and tanθ - sinθ = n, show that 2
(m2 – n2) = 4√mn
52. If 7sin²A + 3cos²A = 4, show that tan A =1/√3 2
53. If ∠A and ∠B are acute angles such that cos A = cos B, then show that ∠A = ∠B.

2
54. If tan A = 3 ,then find (1 – cot A)
 55. Evaluate cos 60° sin 30°+ sin 60° cos 30° .
56. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
Write the simplest value of + sin𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
57. The altitude of a △ABC in which ∠A is obtuse angle has length 10 cm. If BD= 10 cm and
CD = 10√3 cm . Determine ∠A.

58. If sin θ = cos θ, then find the value of 2 tan θ 2

+ cos² θ
59. If tan (3x + 30°) = 1, then find the value of x. 2
60. If ✓3 sin θ – cos θ = 0 and 0° < θ < 90°, find the 2
value of θ.
61. Evaluate : 4 (sin430° + cos460°) – 3 (cos445° - sin490°) 2

62. 2
Prove that :

ANSWERS:

Q. NO ANSWER MARKS
1. 4
Cosφ = cos(90°- Ө) = sinӨ = 2
5
𝐴𝐷
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦° 𝐴𝐷 𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝐷 𝐶𝐷 1 2
= 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐷 =  = = =
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥° 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐷 𝐵𝐶 2𝐶𝐷 2
𝐶𝐷
3. AB = √𝐴𝐷2 + 𝐵𝐷2 = √42 + 32 = √16 + 9 = 5 cm 2
AC = √𝐴𝐵2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = √52 + 122 = √25 + 144 = 13 cm
𝐵𝐶 12
cotӨ = =
𝐴𝐵 13
2
4. 𝑥(2)2 (√2) 1 1 3 8 2
1 2 √3 2
= (3)2 - ( )2  x =    x = 1
8( ) ( ) √3 2 4 3
√2 2
5. Sin2θ + cosec2θ + 2  sinθ  cosecθ + cos2θ + sec2θ + 2 cosθ  secθ = k + 2
tan2θ + cot2θ
 sin2θ + cos2θ + 1 + cot2θ + 2 + 1 + tan2θ + 2 = k + tan2θ + cot2θ
 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + tan2θ + cot2θ = k + tan2θ + cot2θ
 7 + tan2θ + cot2θ = k + tan2θ + cot2θ
k=7
1
6. We know that, for the maximum value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴. 2
Cosec A = 1 → cosec A = cosec 900 .
Therefore A=900.
7. 𝑎−𝑏
If sin θ = 𝑎+𝑏 , 2
 then, H2 = P2 + B2.
(a+b)2 = (a-b)2 + (base)2 a+b
(a+b)2 - (a-b)2 = (base)2 a-b
(base)2 = 4ab → base = √4ab or 2√ab {(a+b)2 - (a-b)2 = 4ab}
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 2√ab
Therefore cot θ = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝. = (𝑎−𝑏). . base
8. tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° 2
tan 48° tan 42° tan 67° tan 23°
tan 48° cot (900-480) tan 67° cot (900-670)
tan 48° cot 480 tan 67° cot 670 { cot θ = tan (900- θ)}
1 1 1
tan 48° tan 48° tan 67° tan 67° = 1 { cot θ = tan θ }
9. If sin (A + B) = 1 and cos (A - B) = 1, 2
Then,
sin (A + B) = 1, sin (A + B) = sin 900
A + B = 900 , A = 900 – B eq. (i)
cos (A - B) = 1, cos (A - B) = cos 00,
A - B = 00 eq.(ii)
From eq.(i) and (ii)
We get,
900 - B - B = 00
2B = 900 → B = 450
A - B = 00 → A = B
Therefore, A = B = 450.

4
10. 3tan θ = 4 → tan θ = 3 2
H2 = P2 + B2 H
H2 = (4)2 + (3)2 P=4
2
H = 16 + 9
H2 = 25→ H2 = 52→ H = 5
then (sin θ + cos θ) B=3
4 3 7 𝑃 𝐵
+ = { sin θ = & cos θ = }
5 5 5 𝐻 𝐻
11. -2 2
12. 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2
13. 25 or 25m 2
14. 1 (one) 2
15. 900 2
16. tanθ = 1.5 2
opposite side/adjacent side = 1.5
opposite side/2.5 = 1.5
opposite side = 2.5 x 1.5 = 3.75
17. 7sin2 𝜃 + 3 cos 2 𝜃 = 4, 2
Dividing both sides by cos 2 𝜃
7𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 3 = 4𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
7𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 3 = 4 + 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 1
tanθ = 1/√3
18. Cosθ = 0.6 2
 Adjacent side/ hypotenuse = 0.6
Adjacent side/5 = 0.6
Adjacent side = 5 x 0.6 = 3
19. By putting the values, the expression will be reduced as 2
(x-4)3/4 +(x-5)/3 -x/2 = 0
On solving further we will get x = 8.
20. Sec A = 5/2 2
4 + 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 4 ( 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 )
= 4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴
= 25

21. 𝑟
Write Cos Q = 2
𝑝
𝑞
Write Sin T = Sin Q =
𝑝
22. Assumes that the required distance as x cm and writes as 2
40
Tan 300 =
𝑥
Solve the equation and find value of x as 69.2
23. 2

Applies trigonometric ratio to get

𝜃
Tan = AE/DE = AC / BD
2
𝐴𝐶
Writes that the ratio of the diagonal is only dependent on 𝜃 and not on
𝐵𝐷
l
Bilal answer is correct
24. Mark the third angle as 900- 𝜃 and verifies the given statement using the 2
ratio definition
25. tanθ = 1.5 2
opposite side/adjacent side = 1.5
opposite side/2.5 = 1.5
opposite side = 2.5 x 1.5 = 3.75
26. 7sin2 𝜃 + 3 cos 2 𝜃 = 4, 2
Dividing both sides by cos 2 𝜃
7𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 3 = 4𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
7𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 3 = 4 + 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 1
 tanθ = 1/√3
27. Cosθ = 0.6 2
Adjacent side/ hypotenuse = 0.6
Adjacent side/5 = 0.6
Adjacent side = 5 x 0.6 = 3
28. By putting the values, the expression will be reduced as 2
(x-4)3/4 +(x-5)/3 -x/2 = 0
On solving further we will get x = 8.
29. Sec A = 5/2 2
4 + 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 4 ( 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 )
= 4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴
= 25

30. (a) cosec60° =AC/BC => AC=20 3 ft

√3 2
√3
(b) tan60° = BC/AB => AB=10 3 ft
1
Height of the target= AB+BD= (10√3 + 21) 3 ft
31. 2

Draw AD⏊BC. sin45°=AD/AB=> AD=5/√2 m

𝐴𝐷 5
sin30° = 𝐴𝐶 => AC=2× =5√2 𝑚
√2
32. 2

𝑂𝑀
In rt ∆𝐴𝑂𝑀, cos30° = 𝑂𝐴
√3 𝑂𝑀
 = => OM=3/2 m= 1.5 m.
2 √3
𝐴𝑃 = 𝐵𝑅 = 𝑀𝑄
= OQ-OM= 5m-1.5m= 3.5 m
33. 2

Draw OD⏊AB.
1 1
Then AD=2AB= 5 m. Also, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 2 ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 30°
sin30° = AD/OA => OA=10 m
34. A Draw AD⏊BC. Then BD=1/2 of BC 2
=6 cm
Also, tan30°= AD/6
= > AD=6/√3
1
Required area = 2 × 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐷
B 30° 30° C =12√3 sq cm
D
35. Let us draw a right angled triangle ABC, right angled at B. 2

Using Pythagoras theorem,

AC2 = AB2 + BC2
sin A = BC/AC = 7/25, cos A = AB/AC = 24/25
36. Since we know, 2
tan 45° = 1

cos 30° = √3/2

sin 60° = √3/2

Therefore, putting these values in the given equation:

2(1)2 + (√3/2)2 – (√3/2)2

=2+0

=2
37. We know that sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 2
Therefore, (sin2θ + cos2θ)3 = 1
or, (sin2θ)3 + (cos2θ)3+ 3sin2θ cos2θ (sin2θ + cos2θ) = 1
or, sin6θ + cos6θ + 3sin2θ cos2θ = 1
38. We know that : 2
cosec²θ - cot²θ = 1
Let us factorize the given expression :
 ( cosec θ + cot θ )( cosec θ - cot θ ) = 1

We are given that cosec θ + cot θ = x

Hence :
x ( cosec θ - cot θ ) = 1
= > cosec θ - cot θ = 1/x

Thus the required value is 1/x

39. Now, we know the trigonometric ratios, 2

cos A = AC/AB

cos B = BC/AB

Since, it is given,

cos A = cos B

AC/AB = BC/AB

AC = BC

We know that by isosceles triangle theorem, the angles opposite to the equal
sides are equal.

Therefore, ∠A = ∠B
40. Solution : We know that sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 2
Therefore, (sin2 θ + cos2 θ) 3 = 13
or, (sin2 θ) 3 + (cos2 θ) 3 + 3sin2 θ cos2 θ (sin2 θ + cos2 θ)
=1
or, sin6 θ + cos6 θ + 3sin2 θ cos2 θ = 1
41. Solution : L.H.S. = (sin4 θ – cos4 θ +1) cosec2 θ 2
= [(sin2 θ – cos2 θ) (sin2 θ + cos2 θ) + 1] cosec2 θ
= (sin2 θ – cos2 θ + 1) cosec2 θ
[Because sin 2 θ + cos2 θ =1]
= (sin2 θ + 1– cos2 θ) cosec2 θ
= (sin2 θ + sin2 θ) cosec2 θ [Because 1– cos 2 θ = sin2 θ ]
= 2sin2 θ cosec2 θ
= 2 = RHS
42. Solution : √cosα 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐β − cosα 𝑠𝑖𝑛 β = 2
√cosα 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(90° − α) − cosα 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (90° − α) [Given α + β = 90°]
= √cosα sec α − cosα 𝑐𝑜𝑠 α
= √1 − cos 2 α
= sin α
43. Solution : 2
Here PR is hypotenuse.
Therefore PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
OR 52 + QR2 = (25 – QR)2
OR 25 = (25 – QR)2 - QR2
OR 25 = (25 – QR- QR) (25 – QR + QR)
OR 25/25 = 25 – 2QR
OR 1-25 = - 2QR
OR -24 = - 2QR
Hence QR = -24/ -2 = 12, Then PR = 13
sin P = 12/13
cos P = 5/13
tan P = 12 / 5

44. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥− 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥− 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑥 2

LHS =
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 −
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 ( 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 )
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 .𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
= = 1 = RHS
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
45. We know that 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 = 1, so 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 = 1- 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 2
𝑎 2 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴= 1-(𝑏) (∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑏)
𝑎2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 = 1 – 𝑏2
𝑏 2 −𝑎2
⇒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 A = 𝑏2
√𝑏 2 −𝑎2
cosA = 𝑏

46. We know that ,<A + <B + <C = 180° (By angle sum property of a triangle) 2
∵ <A : <C = 1 : 2 so, < 𝐴 = 𝑥 and <C=2x respectively.
So, x+ 90° +2x = 180°
3x = 180° - 90°
90°
x= 3
x=30°
 1
hence, tan30° =
√3
3
47. We have, tanα = 2
4
𝑝 3
i.e. 𝑏 = 4, hence, p=3k and b=4k respectively.
ℎ2 =𝑝2 +𝑏 2 (by pythagoras theorem)
ℎ2 =(3𝑘)2 +(4𝑘)2
ℎ2 =9𝑘 2 +162
ℎ2 =25𝑘 2
h = 5k
ℎ 5𝑘
now, sec𝛼 = 𝑏 = 4𝑘
5
thus, secα = 4

48. LHS = 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 2

= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 + 1)
= (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 1)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴
= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝐴 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴=RHS proved.
49. √3
( 2 )2 + 2.1 -( 2 )2
√3

3
=4+2-4
3 2
3+8−3
= 4
8
=4
=2
50. Given 2
⇒ Sinθ + sin2θ = 1
⇒ Sinθ +(1 – cos2θ) =1
⇒ Sinθ – cos2θ = 0
⇒ Sinθ = cos2θ
squaring both side we get
sin2θ = cos4θ
⇒ 1 -cos2θ = cos4θ
⇒ cos2θ + cos4θ = 1
51. Given 2
tanθ + sinθ = m and tanθ - sinθ = n, then
L.H.S= (m2 – n2)
= (tanθ + sinθ)2 – (tanθ – sinθ)2
=tan2θ + sin2θ + 2tanθ. Sinθ - tan2θ - sin2θ + 2tanθ. Sinθ
=4tanθ. Sinθ
=4√tan2θsin2θ

sin2θ
=4√cos2θ − (1 − cos2θ)

=4√(tanθ − sinθ )(tanθ + sinθ )

=4 √mn

52. Given, 7sin²A + 3cos²A = 4 2

 Dividing both side by cos²A, we get
⇒ 7tan2A + 3 = 4sec2A
⇒ 7tan2A + 3 = 4(1 + tan2A)
⇒ 7tan2A + 3 = 4 + 4tan2A
⇒ 3tan2A = 1
⇒ tan A =1/√3
53. Suppose a triangle at right angled at C
Now we know the trigonometric ratios,
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
cos A = 𝐴𝐵 and cos B =𝐴𝐵
Since it is given , cos A = cos B
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
=
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
AC = BC

54. 2
Given, tan A =
3
1
We know that , tan A =
cot 𝐴
3
Cot A =
2
3 2−3 −1
1- cot A = 1- = =
2 2 2
55. Cos 60° . sin 30° + sin 60° . cos 30°
1 1 √3 √3
= x + x
2 2 2 2
1 3
= +
4 4
1+3 4
= = =1
4 4
56. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 1
+ sin𝜃 = = = cosec𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
57. △ABD is a right angled triangle right angled at D, such that AD= 10 cm and BD = 10
cm
Let ∠BAD = θ
‫ ؞‬Tanθ = BD / AD
Tanθ = 10 / 10 = 1
⇒ Tanθ = Tan45˚
θ =∠BAD= 45˚
△ACD is a right angled triangle right angled at D, such that AD= 10 cm and DC =
10√3 cm
Let ∠CAD = φ
‫ ؞‬Tanφ = CD / AD
Tanφ = 10√3 / 10 = √3
⇒ Tanφ = Tan60˚
φ =∠CAD= 60˚
∠BAC= ∠BAD + ∠CAD
= 45˚ + 60˚=105˚

58. We have, sin θ = cos θ 2

We know that sin 45 and cos 45 are equal
Or θ=45°

2 tan θ + cos2 θ = 2 tan 45° + cos2 45°

 2x1+1/2
2+1/2
=4/5
59. tan(3x + 30°) = 1 2
= tan 45°
or, 3x + 30° = 45°
or, x = 5°
60. Here ✓3 sin θ – cos θ = 0 and 0° < θ < 90° 2
Or ✓3 sin θ = cos θ
Or sin θ /cos θ = 1/✓3
Or tan θ = 1/✓3
Or θ = 30°
61. 4 (sin430° + cos460°) – 3 (cos445° − sin490°) 2
1 1 1
= 4 [(2)4 + (2)4 ] – 3 [( )2 − 12 ]
√2
1 1 1
=4 [16 + ] – 3 [2 − 1]
16
2 1
=4x –3x−
16 2
1 3
=2+2
=2

62. Consider L.H.S. we have 2

=R.H.S
 CHAPTER-8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
03 MARK TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. NO QUESTION MARK
1. If tan + cot = 2, then find the value of tan  + cot 
2020 2020 3
2. In the given figure ABCD is an isosceles trapezium. Find its perimeter. 3

3. A pendulum of length 3 m is attached to a point 2.3 m above the ground . It 3

swings through an angle of 30° on each side of the vertical. Find the height
above the ground at ends of its path

4. If A and (4A – 600) are angles where A< 900 and (4A-600) such that tan A = cot (4A-600), 3
then find sec A and cosec A?
5. If sec θ - sec² θ = 1, then what is the value of tan² θ - tan4 θ ? 3
6. If sin θ – cos θ = 0, then what is the value of sin4 θ + cos4 θ ? 3
7. If k + 1 = sec2θ(1 + sin θ )(1- sin θ ), find the value of k.
8. 1 1
If sin (A﹣B) = and cos (A + B) = , where (A + B) ≤ 900 and A > B. Find the values of
2 2
A and B.1
9. If sin 3θ = cos (θ - 6°), where 3θ and (θ- 6) ° are both acute angles, find the value of θ.
10. If cos 2 𝜃 - sin2 𝜃 = tan2 𝜙, prove that 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 = 1/√2 cosθ
11. Consider a right triangle with one angle measuring 45 degrees. The hypotenuse 3
is 10 units long. Calculate the lengths of the other two sides using trigonometric
ratios.
12. The ratio of the sine of an angle to its cosine is 8:15. Find their actual value. 3
13. Mohan finds a trigonometric equation in which the value of the unknown 3
variable K was not given. If k + 1 = Sec 2 𝜃 (1 + sin 𝜃) (1- sin 𝜃) was the
equation then find the value of k with the help of the trigonometric identities
14. 3

15. 3

16. If cos 2 𝜃 - sin2 𝜃 = tan2 𝜙, prove that 3

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 = 1/√2 cosθ
17. Consider a right triangle with one angle measuring 45 degrees. The hypotenuse 3
is 10 units long. Calculate the lengths of the other two sides using trigonometric
ratios.
18. The ratio of the sine of an angle to its cosine is 8:15. Find their actual value. 3
19. Rajat is partitioning his rectangular field for his two sons. 3
He draws a line AE and gives the trapezium shaped part to his elder son. Find the perimeter
of trapezium ABCE.

20. A floor is to be tiled with parallelogram shaped tiles. Find the area of one tile in the figure 3
shown below.
21. Bhupen Sherpa has a trapezium shaped field in the hills. 3
A 5 units B

2 units
D 45° 45° C
E F He needs to fence the field. Find the length of fence
required.
1
22. What is the value of sin²θ+ 1+tan²θ 3
23. Prove that (sin x+ cos x)(tan x+ cot x) = sec x + cosec x. 3
24. Prove that (sinθ + 1+ cosθ)(sinθ – 1 + cosθ) (secθ) (cosecθ) = 2. 3
25. If cosA + cos2A = 1, then show that sin2A + sin4A = 1 3
26. If cos x = cos 40° . sin 50° + sin 40°. cos 50°, then find the value of x 3
27. In triangle ABC, right angled at B if sin A = 1/2. Find the value of 3
sin C cos A – cos C sin A
28. If sin θ + cos θ = √3 , then prove that tan θ + cot θ = 1 3

29. Solve 3
2
4𝑡𝑎𝑛530 𝑠𝑒𝑐34 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛560 𝑐𝑜𝑠170
( 𝑐𝑜𝑡370 ) -
𝑠𝑒𝑐60 𝑠𝑖𝑛730 𝑠𝑖𝑛84 0

30. 3
Express the ratio cosƟ, tanƟ and secƟ in terms of sinƟ.
31. 𝑎2 −𝑏2
If sinA = 𝑎2 +𝑏2 , find 1+tanA.cosA . 3
2
32. If cosA = 3 , then 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 – 7. 3
33. If sin𝝷 + cos𝝷 = √3, then prove that tan𝝷 + cot𝝷 = 1 . 3
34. If sec 𝐴 = 𝑥 + 1/4𝑥, prove that sec 𝐴 + tan 𝐴 = 2𝑥 or 1/2𝑥 3
35. If cosec 𝐴 + cot 𝐴 = 𝑚, show that 𝑚2 − 1/𝑚2 + 1 = cos 𝐴. 3
36. Prove the identity: 3
2(sin6 𝜃 + cos6 𝜃) − 3(sin4 𝜃 + cos 4 𝜃) + 1 = 0

37. If cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 = √2 cos 𝜃, show that cos 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =

√2 sin 𝜃.
 38. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
Prove 1−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 + 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 1 + tan𝜃 + cot𝜃.

39. 𝑚2 −1 3
If tan A = n tan B and sin A = m sin B, prove that cos²A= 𝑛2 −1
40. If cosec θ – cot θ = ✓2 cot θ, then prove that 3
cosec θ + cot θ = ✓2 cosec θ.
41. If sec θ + tan θ = p , then find the value of cosec θ 3

ANSWERS:

Q. NO ANSWER MARKS
1. tan + cot = 2 3
1
 tan + =2
𝑡𝑎𝑛∝
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ∝ +1
 =2
𝑡𝑎𝑛∝
 tan2 + 1 = 2 tan
 tan2 + 1 – 2tan = 0
 (tan - 1)2 = 0
 tan = 1
tan2020 + cot2020 = (1)2020 + (1)2020 = 1 + 1 = 2

2. 3

In ∆ ACE,
𝐴𝐸
tan 45° =
𝐶𝐸
2
1=
𝐶𝐸
 CE = 2 units
CE = FD = 2 units
 CD = 7 units
𝐴𝐸
Sin45° =
𝐴𝐶
1 2
 =
2 𝐴𝐶
 AC = 22 units
BF = AC = 22 units
Perimeter of trapezium ABCD = AB + BC + CD + DA = 3 + 22 + 7 + 22
= (10 + 42) units

3. 3

𝑂𝐼
cos30° =
𝑂𝐴
3 𝑂𝐼
 =
2 √3
3
 OI = = 1.5m
2
The height above the ground at ends of its path = 2.3 m – 1.5 m = 0.8 m

4. A and (4A-600) are acute angles. 3

Therefore, by using complementary rule:
tan A = cot (4A-600)
tan A = tan {900-(4A-600)}
tan A = tan {900-4A+600}
A = 1500-4A → 5A = 1500 → A = 300
2
Therefore, sec 300= and Cosec300= 2
√3
5. If sec θ - sec² θ = -1, 3
Then, sec θ = sec² θ -1 → sec θ = tan2 θ.
Now, tan² θ - tan4 θ → sec θ – (sec θ)2.
sec θ - sec² θ = -1
6. If sin θ – cos θ = 0 3
Then, (sin θ – cos θ) = 0
(sin θ – cos θ)2 = (0)2 → sin2 θ –2sin θ cos θ + cos2 θ = 0
(sin2 θ + cos2 θ) –2sin θ cos θ → 1 – sin 2θ = 0 { sin2 θ + cos2 θ=1 &
2sin θ cos θ= sin 2θ }.
1 = sin 2θ → sin 2θ = sin 900
θ = 450.
Therefore, sin4 θ + cos4 θ
1 1 1 1 2 1
(sin 450)4 + (cos 450)4 → ( )4 + ( )4 → + = or .
√2 √2 4 4 4 2
7. 0(zero) 3
8. A=45°, B=15° 3
9. 24° 3
10. cos 2 𝜃 – sin2 𝜃 = tan2 𝜙 3
cos 2 𝜃 – ( 1 - cos 2 𝜃 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜙 – 1
2cos 2 𝜃 – 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜙 – 1
2cos 2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜙
Taking square root
√2 cosθ = secΦ
√2 cosθ = 1/ cosΦ
cosΦ = 1/√2 cosθ

11. In a right triangle with a 45-degree angle, the two legs are congruent. 3
Using the Pythagoras theorem: Leg length = Hypotenuse/√2
= 10/√2
= 7.07 units approx

12. Let θ be the angle for which sinθ/cosθ = 8/15 3

tanθ = 8/15
Consider a right triangle ABC, with angle B = 90 and angle ACB = θ
tanθ = AB/BC = 8/15
AB = 8k, BC = 15k
By applying Pythagoras theorem, we will get AC = 17k
Thus sinθ = AB/AC = 8k/17k = 8/17
Cosθ = BC/AC = 15K/17K = 15/17
13. k + 1 = sec 2 𝜃 (1 + sin 𝜃) (1- sin 𝜃) 3
k + 1 = sec 2 𝜃 (1- 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃)
k + 1 = sec 2 𝜃 cos 2 𝜃
1
k+1= × 𝐶𝑂𝑆 2 𝜃
𝐶𝑂𝑆 2 𝜃
k+1=1
K=0
14. 1) Applies trigonometric ratios in the ∆𝑂𝑀𝐵 to write 3
Cos 𝛽 = OM/OB= 1/OB
OB = Sec 𝛽
2) Applies trigonometric ratios in the ∆𝑂𝑀𝐴 to write
Cos (900- 𝛽)= OM/OA= 1/OA
OA = Cosec 𝛽
3) Use above steps along with Pythagoras theorem to write
AB2 = OA2 + OB2
AB2 = Cosec2 𝛽 + Sec2 𝛽
And solving the equation we get,
 1
AB =
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛽

15. Identifies that ∆𝑅𝑄𝑂 is isosceles since OQ=OR=r and finds the measure 3
of angle ORQ and OQR is equal to 𝛽

Identifies that ∆PQR is right angled triangle at Q and finds the length of
QR as PR × Cos 𝛽 = 2r (Cos 𝛽)
Identifies that ∆PQR is right angled triangle at Q and finds the length of
PQ as PR × Sin 𝛽 = 2r (Sin 𝛽)
Use step 2 and 3 to express QR4 – PQ4 = 16r4 (Cos4 𝛽 – Sin4 𝛽)
Factorise the above equation to get final answer 16r4(Cos 𝛽–Sin 𝛽)(Cos
𝛽+Sin 𝛽)

16. cos 2 𝜃 – sin2 𝜃 = tan2 𝜙 3

cos 2 𝜃 – ( 1 - cos 2 𝜃 ) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜙 – 1
2cos 2 𝜃 – 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜙 – 1
2cos 2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜙
Taking square root
√2 cosθ = secΦ
√2 cosθ = 1/ cosΦ
cosΦ = 1/√2 cosθ

17. In a right triangle with a 45-degree angle, the two legs are congruent. 3
Using the Pythagoras theorem: Leg length = Hypotenuse/√2
= 10/√2
= 7.07 units approx

18. Let θ be the angle for which sinθ/cosθ = 8/15 3

tanθ = 8/15
Consider a right triangle ABC, with angle B = 90 and angle ACB = θ
tanθ = AB/BC = 8/15
AB = 8k, BC = 15k
By applying Pythagoras theorem, we will get AC = 17k
Thus sinθ = AB/AC = 8k/17k = 8/17
Cosθ = BC/AC = 15K/17K = 15/17
19. 𝐴𝐷 20
Θ=30°. cos30° = 𝐸𝐴
=> 𝐸𝐴 = m 3
√3
10
Using tan30°, 𝐷𝐸 = m
√3
EC= DC-DE= (16-10/√3)𝑚
10√3
Perimeter= sum of all sides= (42+ ) m.
3
20. 3

Draw BE⏊AC.
𝐵𝐸
sin30° = 𝐴𝐵 => BE= 4 cm. Area of parallelogram= 2*area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
=40 𝑐𝑚2
21. 3

𝐴𝐸 𝐵𝐹
tan 45° = 𝐷𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 => 𝐸𝐷 = 𝐶𝐹 =
𝐶𝐹
2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠. Also, using sin45°, AD=BC= 2√2 units.
CD= CF+EF+ED=2+5+2= 9 units.
Required fence length= P of trapezium= 5+2√2+9+2√2= (14+4√2) units

22. For correct proof proportionate marks for steps to be given 3

23. For correct proof proportionate marks for steps to be given 3
24. For correct proof proportionate marks for steps to be given 3
25. According to the question, 3

cos A+cos2 A = 1

i.e., cos A = 1- cos2 A

Since,

sin2 θ+cos2 θ = 1

sin2 θ = 1- cos2 θ

We get,

cos A = sin2 A …(1)

Squaring L.H.S and R.H.S,

cos2 A = sin4 A …(2)

 Adding equations (1) and (2),

We get

sin2A + sin4 A= cos A + cos2 A

Therefore, sin2A+ sin4 A = 1

26. cos x = cos 40° sin 50° + sin 40° cos 50° 3
cos x = cos 40° sin(90° – 40°) + sin 40°.cos(90° – 40°)
cos x = cos2 40° + sin2 40°
cos x = 1 …[∵ cos2 A + sin2 A = 1
cos x = cos 0° ⇒ x = 0°
27. 3

28. Solution : sin θ + cos θ = √3 (Given) 3

Or (sin θ + cos θ) = 3
2

Or sin2 θ + cos2 θ + 2sinθ cosθ = 3

2sinθ cosθ = 2
sinθ cosθ = 1
1 X sinθ cosθ = sin2 θ + cos2 θ
sin2 θ + cos2 θ
1=
sinθ cosθ
tanθ + cotθ = 1
29. 2
4𝑡𝑎𝑛530 𝑠𝑒𝑐340 𝑠𝑖𝑛560 𝑐𝑜𝑠170 3
Solution : (
𝑐𝑜𝑡370
) − 𝑠𝑒𝑐60 𝑠𝑖𝑛730 𝑠𝑖𝑛84 0

2
4𝑐𝑜𝑡370 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐560 𝑠𝑖𝑛560 𝑐𝑜𝑠170
=( ) - 1
𝑐𝑜𝑡370 𝑐𝑜𝑠170 𝑐𝑜𝑠60
𝑐𝑜𝑠60

= 42 – 1 = 16 – 1 = 15
30. Solution: 3
Since 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 Ɵ = 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 Ɵ = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ
cos Ɵ = √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ

sin Ɵ sin Ɵ
𝑡𝑎𝑛 Ɵ = =
cos Ɵ √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ

1 1
sec Ɵ = =
cos Ɵ √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ
31. 𝑎2 −𝑏2 𝑝
Given sinA = 𝑎2 +𝑏2= h 3
i.e. p = (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )k and h = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )k
now, 𝑏 2 = h2 − 𝑝2
so, 𝑏 2 = [(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑘]2 − [(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )𝑘]2
𝑏 2 = [(𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4 −𝑎4 + 2𝑎2 𝑏 2 − 𝑏 4 )𝑘 2 ]
𝑏 2 = 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑘 2
b = 2abk
𝑝𝑏
now 1+tanA.cosA = 1+ 𝑏.ℎ
(𝑎2 −𝑏 2 )𝑘 2𝑎𝑏𝑘
=1+ .
2𝑎𝑏𝑘 (𝑎2 + 𝑏2 )𝑘
𝑎2 +𝑏 2 +𝑎2 −𝑏2
= 𝑎2 +𝑏2
2𝑎2
= 𝑎2 +𝑏2
4
32. We have, cosA =5 3
𝑏 4
i.e. ℎ = 5
hence , b = 4k and h = 5k
now ℎ2 = 𝑝2 + 𝑏 2 (by Pythagoras theorem )
so, 𝑝2 = ℎ2 − 𝑏 2
𝑝2 = (5𝑘)2 − (4𝑘)2
2 2 2
𝑝 = 25𝑘 − 16𝑘
𝑝2 = 9𝑘 2
P = 3k
5 3𝑘 3
Now, secA = 4 and tanA = 4𝑘 = 4
5 3
Hence, 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 - 7 = 2(4)2 + 2(4)2 -7
25 9
= 2. 16 + 2. 16 – 7
25 9
= + –7
8 8
25+9−56
= 8
22
=− 8
11
=- 4

33. Given sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 =√3 3

(sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃)2 = 3
Sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃=3
2sin θ cos θ = 3 − 1 =2
Sin θ. cos θ=1 = sin2θ+cos2θ
Sin2 θ+cos2 θ
1=
SinθCosθ
Sin2 𝜃 Cos2 𝜃
1= +
SinθCosθ SinθCosθ
1= tanθ + cot θ
tanθ + cot θ = 1
34. We have 3
1
sec A = 𝑥 +
4𝑥
(Given) ...(i)
we know that

sec 2 A − tan2 A = 1
 1 2
⇒ (𝑥 + ) − tan2 A = 1
4𝑥
1 1
⇒ 𝑥2 + 2
+ 2(𝑥) ( ) − tan2 A = 1
16𝑥 4𝑥
1 1
⇒ 𝑥2 + + − 1 = tan2 A
16𝑥 2 2
1 1
⇒ 𝑥2 + − = tan2 A
16𝑥 2 2
1 1
⇒ tan2 A = 𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 2 − 2(𝑥) (4𝑥)
1 2
⇒ tan2 A = (𝑥 − 4𝑥)
1
⇒ tan A = ± (𝑥 − 4𝑥)
1 1
⇒ tan A = (𝑥 − 4𝑥) or (−𝑥 + 4𝑥)

1 1
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑖)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖), 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 sec A + tan A = 𝑥 + +𝑥− = 2𝑥
4𝑥 4𝑥
1 1 1
sec A + tan A = 𝑥 + −𝑥+ =
4𝑥 4𝑥 2𝑥

35. 𝑚2 − 1 3
LHS = [∵ cosec A + cot A = 𝑚]
𝑚2 + 1
(cosec A + cot A)2 − 1 cosec 2 A + cot 2 A + 2cosec Acot A − 1
= =
(cosec A + cot A)2 + 1 cosec 2 A + cot 2 A + 2cosec Acot A + 1

(cosec 2 𝐴 − 1) + cot 2 𝐴 + 2cosec 𝐴cot 𝐴

=
cosec 2 𝐴 + (1 + cot 2 𝐴) + 2cosec 𝐴cot 𝐴
cot 2 𝐴 + cot 2 𝐴 + 2cosec 𝐴cot 𝐴 2cot 2 𝐴 + 2cosec 𝐴cot 𝐴
= =
cosec 2 𝐴 + cosec 2 𝐴 + 2cosec 𝐴cot 𝐴 2cosec 2 𝐴 + 2cosec 𝐴cot 𝐴
2cot 𝐴(cot 𝐴 + cosec 𝐴) cot 𝐴 cos 𝐴
= = = = cos 𝐴 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
2cosec 𝐴(cosec 𝐴 + cot 𝐴) cosec 𝐴 sin 𝐴cosec 𝐴
𝑚2 −1
Hence, cos A = 𝑚2 +1.
36. LHS = 2(sin6 𝜃 + cos6 𝜃) − 3(sin4 𝜃 + cos 4 𝜃) + 1

⇒ LHS = 2{(sin2 𝜃)3 + (cos 2 𝜃)3 } − 3{(sin2 𝜃)2 + (cos 2 𝜃)2 } + 1

Using a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 − 3ab(a + b) and a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 − 2ab in above

expression, where a = sin2 𝜃& b = cos 2 𝜃; we get :-

LHS = 2{(sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃)3 − 3sin2 𝜃cos 2 𝜃(sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃)} − 3{(sin2 𝜃 +
cos2 𝜃)2 − 2sin2 𝜃 cos2 𝜃} + 1

⇒ LHS = 2(1 − 3sin2 𝜃cos2 𝜃) − 3(1 − 2sin2 𝜃cos 2 𝜃) + 1 [Since, sin2 A +

cos2 A = 1 ]

⇒ LHS = 2 − 6sin2 𝜃cos 2 𝜃 − 3 + 6sin2 𝜃cos2 𝜃 + 1

 Hence, L.H.S. = 0 = R.H.S. Hence, proved.

37. Given, cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 = √2 cos 𝜃……….(i)

Squaring both sides,we get
(cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃)2= 2 cos2𝜃
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 +sin2𝜃 + 2cos𝜃sin𝜃 = 2 cos2𝜃
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 – sin2𝜃 = 2cos𝜃sin𝜃
⟹ (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)=2cos𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
⟹ (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(√2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)=2cos𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 [𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑖)]
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃=√2sin𝜃
38. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
LHS= 1−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 + 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
Multiply tan𝜃/tan𝜃 we get,
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝜃 ((1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃) (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃(1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) = =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃(1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
= cot𝜃 + 1 + tan𝜃 = R.H.S
39. 3
Sin A= m sin B⟶(1)
Tan A=n tan B
cosA/ sinA=n sinB/cosB⟶(2)
Substituting sinB from equation 1, we get
⟹cosB=m/ncosA⟶(3)
Sin 2A=m2 sin2 B
1−cos2 A=m2 (1−cos2 B)
Substituting equation 3, we get/
1−cos2 A=m2 (1−m2 /n2 cos2 A),
Cos2 A=n2−1/m2 −1 (hence proved)

40. Given, cosec 𝜃 – cot 𝜃 =✓ 2 cot 𝜃 3

Squaring both the sides, cosec2 θ + cot2𝜃 – 2 cosec 𝜃 cot θ = 2 cot2 θ
or, cosec2 θ – cot2 θ = 2 cosec θ cot θ
or, (cosec θ + cot θ)(cosec θ – cot θ) = 2 cosec θ cot θ
Given : (cosec θ – cot θ =✓ 2 cot θ)
or, cosec θ + cot θ = 2 cosec θ cot θ /✓2cot θ
cosec θ + cot θ =✓ 2 cosec θ
41. sec𝜃 + tan 𝜃 = p ……(1) 3
2 2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃- 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 1
(sec𝜃 + tan 𝜃) (sec𝜃 - tan 𝜃) =1
P (sec𝜃 - tan 𝜃) =1
1
sec𝜃 + tan 𝜃= 𝑝 ……(2)
adding (1) and (2) we get,
1
2 sec 𝜃 = p + 𝑃
𝑃 2 +1
sec 𝜃 = 2𝑃
on subtracting (2) from (1) , we get
1
2 tan𝜃 = p - 𝑃
𝑃 2 −1
tan 𝜃 = 2𝑃
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑃 2 +1
= 𝑃2 −1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑃 2 +1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑃2 −1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1 𝑃 2 +1
= 𝑃2 −1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑃 2 +1
Cosec 𝜃 = 𝑃2 −1
 CHAPTER-8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
04 MARK TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. NO QUESTION MARK
1. th
Anita, a student of class 10 , has to made a project on 'Introduction to 4
Trigonometry' She decides to make a bird house which is triangular in shape.
She uses cardboard to make the bird house as shown in the figure. Considering
the front side of bird house as right angled triangle PQR, right angled at R,
answer the following questions.

(i) The
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
value of =
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
5 12 60 169
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 5 169 60
(ii) The value of cot θ – cosec θ =
2 2

(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

(iii) The value of sin θ + cos θ =
2 2

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) -1 (D) 2

2. Aanya and her father go to meet her friend Juhi for a party. When they reached 4
to [uhi's place, Aanya saw the roof of the house, which is triangular in shape. If
she imagined the dimensions of the roof as given in the figure, then answer the
following questions.

(i) If D is the mid point of AC, then BD =

(A) 2m (B) 3m (C) 4m (D) 6m
(ii) Find the value of sin A + cos C.
𝟏
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C)
𝟐
(D) 2
2 2
(iii) Find the value of tan A + tan C
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D)
2

3. If ABC is right angled at C, in which AB = 50 units, BC = 48 units and ABC = . 4

Determine the values of cos + sin 
4. Prove that sec4A(1- sin4A) - 2 tan2A = 1 4
5. In the diagram below, BC is perpendicular to AD, and BD is 10m, ∠ACB = 45° and ∠BCD
= 30°, Find AB.
6. A rectangular-shaped gardening block measures 12 m by 5 m and ∠CAD = θ.
(a) Determine the value of 12 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 .
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
(b) Determine the value of
1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃

7. In the given figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB is parallel to CD. Line 4

segments RS and LM are drawn parallel to AB such that AJ = JK = KP. If AB=
0.5m and AP = BQ = 1.8m, then find
(i) length of AC (ii) length of BD

(iii) length of CP (iv) length of QD

8. The angle of elevation of the top Q of a vertical tower PQ from a point X on the 4
ground is 60. At a point Y, 40m vertically above X, the angle of elevation is 45.
(i) Find the distance XP.
 (ii) Find the distance YT.
(iii) Find the distance QT.
(iv) Find the height of the tower.

9. 4

A rectangular-shaped gardening block measures 12 m by 5 m and angle CAD =

𝜃 (theta).
1 (a) Determine the value of 12 tan 𝜃.
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
1 (b) Determine the value of .
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
10. If sin (A – B) = ½ and cos (A + B) = ½, where (A + B) ≤ 900 and 4
A > B.
1 (a) Find the values of A and B.
1 (b) Find the value of tan 2A.
11. In the given figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB is parallel to CD. Line 4
segments RS and LM are drawn parallel to AB such that AJ = JK = KP. If AB=
0.5m and AP = BQ = 1.8m, then find
(i) length of AC (ii) length of BD

(iii) length of CP (iv) length of QD

12. The angle of elevation of the top Q of a vertical tower PQ from a point X on the 4
ground is 60. At a point Y, 40m vertically above X, the angle of elevation is 45.
(i) Find the distance XP.
(ii) Find the distance YT.
(iii) Find the distance QT.
(iv) Find the height of the tower.

13. 4

Three friends - Anshu, Vijay and Vishal are playing hide and seek in a park. Anshu
and Vijay hide in the shrubs and Vishal have to find both of them. If the positions of
three friends are at A, Band C respectively as shown in the figure and forms a right
angled triangle such that AB = 9 m, BC = 3√3m and ∠B = 90°, then answer the
following questions.

(i) The measure of ∠A is

(a)30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) None of these

(ii) The measure of ∠C is

(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) None of these

(iii) The length of AC is

(a)2√3 m
(b) √3 m
(c) 4√3 m
(d) 6√3 m
 (iv) cos A =
(a) 0 (b)½ (c) 1/√2 (d)√3/2

14. Aanya and her father go to meet her friend Juhi for a party. When they reached to Juhi's 4
place, Aanya saw the roof of the house, which is triangular in shape. If she imagined the
dimensions of the roof as given in the figure, then answer the following questions.

(i) If D is the mid point of AC, then BD =

(a) 2m (b) 3m (c) 4m (d) 6m
(ii) Measure of ∠A =
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) None of these
(iii) Measure of ∠C =
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) None of these
(iv) Find the value of sinA + cosC.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1/2 (d) √2
15. Ananya is feeling so hungry and so thought to eat something. She 4
looked into the fridge and found a bread pieces. She decided to
make a sandwich. She cut the piece of bread diagonally and found it
forms a right-angled triangle, with sides 4 cm, 4√3 cm and 8 cm.

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

(i)The value of ∠M is

A. 30° B. 60° C. 45° D. None of these

(ii) The value of ∠K is

A. 45° B. 30° C. 60° D. None of these

(iii) Find the value of tanM.

 A. √3 B. 1/√3 C. 1 D. None of these

(iv) sec2M – 1 =

A. tanM B. tan2M C. tan3M D. None of these

16. The teacher asked the students to correctly complete the following sentence 4
about the rhombus.
“A rhombus has a side length of l units and one of its angles is equal to Ɵ. The
ratio of the length of the diagonals is dependent on _________.”
Ashima : only l.
Bilal :only Ɵ
Chris : both l and Ɵ
Duleep : neither l nor Ɵ.
Who answered the question correctly ? Show your work and give valid reason.

17. During teaching maths, teacher Mr. Kumar wrote the expression given below 4
on the board and asked the students to simplify it.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
+
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
Rahul solved it in her notebook as follows :

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
= +
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴+(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴)2
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
-------(step 1)

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
-------(step 2)

2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
-------(step 3)

2𝐶𝑂𝑆 𝐴
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴)
-------(step 4)

Examin if Rahul has made any error and rectify them to find correct answer.

18. Sagar is feeling hungry and so he thought to eat something. He looked into the fridge and 4
found bread pieces. He decided to make a sandwich. He cut the piece of bread diagonally and
found that it forms a right-angled triangle, with sides 4 cm, 4√3 cm and 8 cm.
 On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The value of ∠M is
A. 30°
B. 60°
C. 45°
D. None of these
(ii) The value of ∠K is
A. 45°
B. 30°
C. 60°
D. None of these
(iii) Find the value of tanM.
A. √3
B. 1/√3
C. 1
D. None of these
(iv) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 M – 1 =
A. tanM
B. tan2M
C. 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 M
D. None of these

19. Nisha and her father went to meet her friend Khushi for a party.
When they reached to Khushi’s house, Nisha saw the roof of the house, which was triangular 4
in shape. If she imagined the dimensions of the roof as given in the figure, then answer the
following questions.

(i) If D is the
midpoint of AC,
then BD =
 A. 2m B. 3m C. 4m D. 6m
(ii) Measure of ∠A =
A. 30° B. 60° C. 45° D. None of these
(iii) Value of cosC =
1
A. 1 B. √2 C. √2 D. None of these
(iv) Find the value of sinA + cosC.
1
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. √2

1
20. If tan 𝜃 = 4
√5

cosec2 𝜃−sec2 𝜃
i. Evaluate :
cosec2 𝜃+sec2 𝜃

ii. Verify the identity : sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃 = 1

21. If cosecx – sinx = a3, secx – cosx = b3, then prove that a2 b2 (a2+ b2) = 1 4
4 3
22. Find the value of 3 tan230° + sin260° - 3cos260° + 4 tan260° - 2tan245°.
23. Find the value of 4(sin430°+ cos460°) – 3(cos245° + sin290°).
24. The rod AC of TV disc antenna is fixed at right 4
angles to wall AB and a rod CD is supporting the
disc as shown in figure. If AC=1.5 m long and CD
= 3 m, find (i) tan θ and (ii) sec θ + cosec θ.

1 1
25. In an acute angled triangle ABC , if sin (A+B-C) =2 and cos (B+C-A) = ✓2 4
Find A, B, C.

ANSWERS:
Q. NO ANSWER MARKS
1. (i)C 4
(ii)A
(iii)B
2. (i)D 4
(ii)D
(𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝐶

3. In ABC , right angled at C, in which AB = 50 units, BC = 48 units and ABC =  4

By using pythagores theorem,
H2 = P2 + B2 B
2 2 2
(50) = (48) + B
B2 = (50)2 _ (48)2 48 50
B2 = (50 _ 48)(50+48)
B2 = 2x98 = 196
B2 = 142 → B = 14 C A
14 48 62
cos + sin = ( 50 + 50 ) = 50
4. LHS, 4
sec4A(1- sin4A) - 2 tan2A
sec4A - sec4A sin4A- 2 tan2A
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
sec4A - (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)4 - 2 tan2A { 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = tanA}
sec4A – tan4A - 2 tan2A
(sec2A)2 – (tan2A)2 - 2 tan2A
(sec2A + tan2A) (sec2A - tan2A) - 2 tan2A
(sec2A + tan2A) x 1- 2 tan2A {sec2A - tan2A = 1}
2 2 2
sec A + tan A - 2 tan A
sec2A - tan2A = 1 = RHS

5. 10√3 4
6. (a) 5 (b) 119/169 or 0.704 4
7. (I) 2.07m approx.
(ii) 2.07m approx.
(iii) 1.03m approx.
(iv) 1.03m approx.

8. (i) 54.79m approx.

(ii) 54.79m approx.
(iii) 54.79m approx.
(iv) 94.79m approx

9. 1(a) - 5

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
tan 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
= 𝐶𝐷/𝐴𝐷
 = 5/12
5
12 tan 𝜃 = 12 × =5
12

119
1(b) -
169

Tan2 𝜃 = (5/ 12)2 = 25 /144

Thus,
5 5
[1 − ( )2 ] ÷ [1 + ( )2 ]
12 12

144−25
=
144+25

=119/169
10. 1(a) A = 450; B = 150
Sin (A – B) = ½ ⇒ sin (A – B) = sin 300
⇒ A – B = 300 ------(i)
Cos (A + B) = ½ ⇒ cos (A + B) = cos 600
⇒ A + B = 600 -------(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) A = 450; B = 150

1 (b) Find the value of tan 2A

1
tan 2A = tan 300 =
√3

11. (I) 2.07m approx.

(ii) 2.07m approx.
(iii) 1.03m approx.
(iv) 1.03m approx.

12. (i) 54.79m approx.

(ii) 54.79m approx.
(iii) 54.79m approx.
(iv) 94.79m approx

13. (i) a. 30 (ii) c. 60 (iii) c. 6√3 (iv) d. √3/2 4

14. 4

15. 4

16. 4

In rhombus ABCD, angle A = Ɵ

AB = BC = CD = AD = l
E is mid point of AC and BD
AE = AC/2 and BE = BD / 2 and ∟AEB = 900
Now in Triangle AEB
Ɵ 𝐵𝐸
tan =
2 𝐴𝐸

Ɵ 𝐵𝐷/2
tan =
2 𝐴𝐶/2

Ɵ 𝐵𝐷
tan =
2 𝐴𝐶
Hence ratio of the diagonals BD/AC is only dependent on Ɵ not l.
Bilal answered correctly.

17. Rahul started as follows : 4

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
= +
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴+(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴)2
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
-------(step 1)

From Step 2 Rahul has solved incorrectly

It should be

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 + 1+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴

= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

1 +1−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

2−2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

2( 1 –𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 )
= (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴) 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

2
= = 2secA
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

18. (i) A (ii) C (iii) B (iv) C 4

19. 4
(i) D (ii) C (iii) C (iv) D

20. 𝑃 𝐴𝐵 1
Given, tan 𝜃 = 𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 = 4
√5

In △ ABC, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = 1 + 5 = 6

∴ 𝐴𝐶 = √6

cosec2 𝜃−sec2 𝜃
i.
cosec2 𝜃+sec2 𝜃
 (1 + cot 2 𝜃) − (1 + tan2 𝜃)
=
(1 + cot 2 𝜃) + (1 + tan2 𝜃)
cot 2 𝜃 − tan2 𝜃
=
2 + cot 2 𝜃 + tan2 𝜃
1 2
(√5)2 − ( )
= √5
1 2
2 + (√5)2 + ( )
√5
1
5−
= 5
1
2+5+
5
25 − 1
=
35 + 1
24 2
= =
36 3
ii. LHS = sin2 𝜃 + cos2 𝜃
2 2
1√5
=( ) +( )
√6 √6
1 5 6
= + = = 1 = R.H.S
6 6 6

21. Given cosec x – sin x = a3

We know that cosec x = 1/ sin x.

1
– sinx = a3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

1−sin2 𝑥
= a3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

cos2 𝑥 1/3
∴ a= ( ) …………..(1)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

Also given secx – cosx = b3

We know that sec x = 1/ cos x.

1
– cosx = b3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

1−cos2 𝑥
= b3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

sin2 𝑥 1/3
∴ b= ( ) …………..(2)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

L.H.S = a2 b2 (a2+ b2)

 cos2 𝑥 2/3 sin2 𝑥 2/3 cos2 𝑥 2/3 sin2 𝑥 2/3
=( ) ( ) (( ) +( ) )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

sin2 𝑥 +cos2 𝑥
= (Sin x + Cos x)2/3( )
(Sin x Cos x)2/3

=1= R.H.S

22. 4 3
tan230° + sin260° - 3cos260° + tan260° - 2tan245°
3 4
4 1 √3 1 3
= ( )2+ ( )2 – 3( )2 + (√3)2- (2 x 1)
3 √3 2 2 4
4 1 3 3 9
= x + - + –2
3 3 4 4 4
4 9
= + -2
9 4
16+18−72
=
36
25
=
36
23. 4(sin430°+ cos460°)- 3(cos245°+ sin290°)
1 1 1
= 4[( )4+ ( )4]- 3[( )2 + 12]
2 2 √2
1 1 2
= 4[2x ] – 3 [ ( ) +1]
16 √2
1 9
= -
2 2
8
=− =-4
2
24. Given, AC = 1.5 m and CD = 3 m 4
In right angled triangle CAD,
AD2 + AC2 = DC2 (Using Pythagoras theorem)
⇒ AD2 + (1.5)2= (3)2 ⇒ AD2 = 9 – 2.25 = 6.75 ⇒ AD = 6 75. = 2.6 m (Approx)
(i) tan θ = AC/AD=1.5/2.6=15/26
(ii) sec θ + cosec θ=CD/AD+CD/AC
=3/2.6+3/1.5
=41/13

25. A+ B+ C = 180 4
A + B = 180 - C
B + C = 180 - A
1
sin (A+B-C) = 2
A+B-C =30
180 – C – C = 30
2C =150
C = 75
1
cos (B+C-A) = √2
B+C-A =45
180 – A – A = 45
2A = 135 A =67.5
A = 67.5 , B = 37.5, C =75
 CHAPTER-8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
05 MARK TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. NO QUESTION MARK
1. In the given figure AD = DB and B is a right angle, then find sin θ – cos θ 2 2 5

2. 1 1
If sec θ = x + , prove that sec θ + tan θ =2x or 5
4𝑥 2𝑥
3. 4𝑠𝑖𝑛θ − 3cosθ 5
If 3cot θ = 2 , then what is the value of 2sinθ + 6cosθ ?
4. If a man throw a ball at the height of 3m. the ball travel 4m and stop after third bounce. 5
A

B C D E
|----------2m----------|-------------1.5m---------------|------0.5m------|
(i) what is the value of tanE ? (1)
𝐻
(ii) if sec θ = B , then find sec C ? (1)
(iii) what is the value of cos C + cosD ? (2)
(iv) At what angle the height (AB) = Distance (BE)? (1)
5. The rod of the TV disc antenna is fixed at the right angle to wall AB and a rod CD supports
the disc, as shown in Figure. If AC = 1.5 m long and CD = 3 m.
(a) Find the length of the rod AD.
(b) Compute the value of sec θ + cosec θ
6. 1+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴
Prove that (a) √1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽
(b) + = 1 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
𝟏− 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 𝟏− 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
7. If 1 + sinθ/1 – sinθ = 36/25, then find the value of 1 + tanθ/1 – tanθ. 5
8. If sec A = x + 1/4x, prove that sec A + tan A = 2x or 1/2x 5
9. 5

The rod of the TV disc antenna is fixed at the right angle to wall AB and a rod
CD supports the disc, as shown in Figure. If AC = 1.5 m long and CD = 3 m.
1 (a) Find the length of the rod AD.
1 (b) Compute the value of Sec 𝜃 + cosec 𝜃
10. 5

11. If 1 + sinθ/1 – sinθ = 36/25, then find the value of 1 + tanθ/1 – tanθ. 5
12. If sec A = x + 1/4x, prove that sec A + tan A = 2x or 1/2x 5
13. 5

Some decades ago, villages had wells with wooden plank

on them. People would stand on the plank to draw water. In the above figure , if the plank
makes an angle of 30° at the inner circumference and the radius of the inner circle is 1 m,
find the length of the plank.
 14. If x= a sec θ + b tan θ and y= a tan θ + b sec θ, then prove that x²-y²= a²-b². 5
15. Prove that: (sin θ + cos θ + 1). (sin θ – 1 + cos θ) sec θ cosec θ = 2 5
16. If x = r sin A cos C, y = r sin A sin C and z = r cos A, then prove that x2 + y2 + z2 = r2 5
17. 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐Ɵ 5
If =
𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ−𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ √2
1 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 Ɵ
=
Prove that ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ 2
18. If tan (A + B) = √3 and tan (A – B) = 1/ √3 ; 0° < 90°; AA + B > B, find A 5
and B
19. If tan𝝷 + sin𝝷 = m and tan𝝷 – sin𝝷 = n, show that (𝑚2 − 𝑛2 ) = 4√𝑚𝑛 5
20. If x𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 + y𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 θ = sin𝝷 cos𝝷 and x sin𝝷 = y cos𝝷, prove that 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 1. 5
21. If 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑟cos 𝜃 ⋅ sin Φ; 𝑦 = 𝑟sin 𝜃 ⋅ sin Φ; 𝑧 = 𝑟cos Φ. Prove that 5
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 = 𝑟2
22. Show that (1+ cot𝜃- cosec𝜃) (1 + tan𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃)= 2
1 1
23. Prove that (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
= 2+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
24. 𝑎2 5
If a sin² x + b cos ² x = c , b sin² y+a cos² y =d and a tan X = b tan y , then find 𝑏2

25. 𝑚2 −1 5
If cosec A + cot A = m , Show that 𝑚2 +1 = cos A

ANSWERS:

Q. NO ANSWER MARKS
1. 𝑎
Here BD = AD = 5
2
BC = √𝑏 2 − 𝑎2
𝑎 2
CD = √( )2 + (√𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 )
2
√4𝑏2 −3𝑎2
=
2
𝑎2 4(𝑏2 −𝑎2 ) 5𝑎2 −4𝑏2
Sin2θ – cos2θ = - =
4𝑏2 −3𝑎 2 4𝑏2 −3𝑎2 4𝑏2 −3𝑎2`
2. 1
Sec θ = x + 5
4𝑥
 1 2 1
tan θ = ±√𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1 = ±√(𝑥 + ) − 1 = ± (𝑥 − )
4𝑥 4𝑥
1 1
By taking tan θ = (𝑥 − ) or -(𝑥 − )
4𝑥 4𝑥
1
Secθ + tanθ = 2𝑥 or
2𝑥
2
3. If 3cot θ = 2 → cot θ = 3 5
𝑠𝑖𝑛θ cosθ
4𝑠𝑖𝑛θ – 3cosθ {4( )− 3( )}
cosθ cosθ
then , = sinθ cosθ
2sinθ + 6cosθ 2( )+6( )
cosθ cosθ
3
4𝑡𝑎𝑛θ – 3 4( )−3 2𝑥3−3 6−3 3 1
2
= 3 = =3+6 = 9 = 3
2tanθ + 6 2( ) + 6 3+6
2

4. If a man throw a ball at the height of 3m. the ball travel 4m and stop after third 5
bounce.

B C D E
|----------2m----------|-------------1.5m---------------|------0.5m------|
By using pythagores theorem,
(Hypo.)2 = (Perp.)2 + (Base)2
(AE)2 = (AB)2 + (BE)2
(AE)2 = (3)2 + (4)2 → (AE)2 = 9+16 → (AE)2 =25 → (AE)2 = (5)2 → AE = 5.
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
(AC)2 = (3)2 + (2)2 → (AC)2 = 9+4 → (AC)2 =(√13)2 → AC =√13
𝑃 𝐴𝐵 3 3
(i) tanE = B = BE = 4 → tanE = 4
𝐻 𝐴𝐶 √13
(ii) if sec θ = B , then sec C = 𝐵𝐶 = 2
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐷 2 3.5 6+3.5√13
(iii) cos C + cot D → 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐴𝐵 = √13 + 3 = 3√13
(iv) height (AB) = Distance (BE) = 3
𝐴𝐵 3
= tan θ = 3 , tan θ = 1 → tan θ = tan 450
𝐵𝐸
Therefore, θ = 450.
5. (a) 2.6m or 2.59m (approx) (b) 41/13 5
6. Proof 1 (2 marks) & Proof 2 (3 marks) 5
7. 1 + sinθ/1 – sinθ = 36/2525 (1 + sinθ ) = 36 (1 - sinθ ) 5
25 + 25 sinθ = 36 – 36sinθ
(25 + 36 )sinθ = 36 – 25
Sinθ = 11/61
Consider a right triangle ABC, angle B = 90 and
angle ACB = θ
Sinθ = AB/AC = 11/61
 AB = 11k, AC = 61k
By using Pythagoras theorem we will get BC = 60k
Now tanθ = AB/BC = 11k/60k = 11/60
By putting the value of tanθ in the required expression and solving them
we will get 1 + tanθ/1 – tanθ = 71/49.

8. 5

9. 1(a) 5
2.6 m or 2.59 m
Using Pythagoras Theorem
AD2+ AC2 = DC2
AD2+ (1.5)2 = (3)2
AD2 = 9 - 2.25 = 6.75
AD = 6.75 = 2.6 m (Approx.)

1(b): 41/13
Sec 𝜃 = 𝐶𝐷/𝐴𝐷 = 3/2.6
cosec 𝜃 = 𝐶𝐷/𝐴𝐶 = 3/1.5
3/2.6 + 3/1.5 = 41/13
10. 5

11. 1 + sinθ/1 – sinθ = 36/2525 (1 + sinθ ) = 36 (1 - sinθ ) 5

25 + 25 sinθ = 36 – 36sinθ
(25 + 36 )sinθ = 36 – 25
Sinθ = 11/61
Consider a right triangle ABC, angle B = 90 and angle
ACB = θ
Sinθ = AB/AC = 11/61
AB = 11k, AC = 61k
By using Pythagoras theorem we will get BC = 60k
Now tanθ = AB/BC = 11k/60k = 11/60
By putting the value of tanθ in the required expression and solving them
we will get 1 + tanθ/1 – tanθ = 71/49.
12. 5

13. 5

∠AOB= 2(30°)=60°. Draw OD⏊AB. Then,

1
∠AOD=2 ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 30°. Using sin30°,AD= ½ m= 50 cm=> AB = 2× 50 = 100 𝑐𝑚.
Total length of plank= 100+10+10= 120 cm.
14. For correct proof stepwise proportionate marks to be given 5
15. L.H.S. 5
= (sin θ + cos θ + 1) (sin θ – 1 + cos θ) . sec θ cosec θ
= [(sin θ + cos θ) + 1] [(sin θ + cos θ) – 1] . sec θ cosec θ
= [(sin θ + cos θ)2 – (1)2] sec θ cosec θ …[∵ (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
= (sin2 θ + cos2θ + 2 sin θ cos θ – 1]. sec θ cosec θ
= (1 + 2 sin θ cos θ – 1). sec θ cosecθ [∵ sin2θ + cos2θ = 1]
= (2 sin θ cos θ). (1/cos θ) . (1/sin θ)
 =2
= R.H.S.
16. x = r sin A cos C; y = r sin A sin C; z = r cos A 5
Squaring and adding,
L.H.S.
=x2 + y2 + z2 = 2 sin2 A cos2C + r2 sin2 A sin2 C + r2 cos2 A
= r2 sin2 A(cos2 C + sin2 C) + r2 cos2 A
= r2 sin2 A + r2 cos2 A … [cos2θ + sin2θ = 1]
= r2 (sin2 A + cos2 A) = r2 = R.H.S.
17. 5
Solution : First squaring both side of given part

1 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐Ɵ 2
(𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ−𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ) = ( )
√2

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 Ɵ
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 Ɵ −2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ 2

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 Ɵ
=
1 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ 2

2
= 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 Ɵ

2
2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ = 1 -
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 Ɵ

2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ = 1 - 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ -----------(1)

(We stop the above step)
1 2
LHS OF TO PROVE = ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ

1
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 Ɵ+2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ

1
=
1 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑐𝑜𝑠Ɵ

1
= (From eq.1)
1 + 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ

1
=
2 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ

1
=
2 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 Ɵ )

1
=
2 co𝑠 2 Ɵ

= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 Ɵ
= RHS
2
18. Solution : 5
Given : tan (A + B) = √3 = tan600
A + B = 600 ----------(1)
And tan (A – B) = 1/ √3 = tan300
A – B = 300 --------(2)
By adding eq. 1 and 2, we get
2A = 900
A = 450
Therefore B = 600 - 450 = 150
19. We have, given tan𝜃 + sin 𝜃 = m and tan 𝜃– sin 𝜃 = n , then 5
LHS = (m2- n2)=(tan𝜃+ sin 𝜃)2 –( tan𝜃-sin 𝜃)2
= tan2𝜃 + sin2𝜃 +2tan𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 – tan2𝜃 - sin2𝜃 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 4 tan𝜃sin𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
= 4√ (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃)
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
= 4√𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
=4√𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
=4√(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(tan 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
=4√𝑚𝑛
=RHS
Proved.

20. We have. xsin3θ + ycos3θ = sinθ cosθ 5

⇒ (xsinθ)sin2θ + (ycosθ)cos2θ = sinθ cosθ
⇒ (xsinθ)sin2θ + (xsinθ)cos2θ = sinθ cosθ (since, xsinθ = ycosθ)
⇒ xsinθ(sin2θ +cos2θ) = sinθ cosθ
⇒ xsinθ = sinθ cosθ
⇒ x = cosθ
We have. xsinθ = ycosθ
cosθ.sinθ = ycosθ (∵ x = cosθ)
⇒ y = sinθ
Hence , 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = cos2θ+ sin2θ =1 proved.
21. ∵ 𝑥 = 𝑟cos 𝜃sin 𝜙 5
𝑦 = 𝑟sin 𝜃sin 𝜙
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = rcos 𝜙
On squaring all, we get
⇒ 𝑥 2 = 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃sin2 𝜙 … (i)
𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜙 … (ii)
𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜙 … (iii)
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜃 sin2 𝜙 + 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜙 + 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜙
= 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜙(cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃) + 𝑟 2 cos2 𝜙
= 𝑟 2 sin2 𝜙 ⋅ 1 + 𝑟 2 cos 2 𝜙
= 𝑟 2 (sin2 𝜙 + cos 2 𝜙) = 𝑟 2 . 1 = 𝑟 2

22. L.H.S = (1 + cot𝜃- cosec𝜃) (1+ tan𝜃+ sec𝜃)

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1
= (1 + - ) (1 + + )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠
 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+1
=( )( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 −1
=( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃−1
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−1
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
=2
23. 1 1
( 2 2
+ ) sin2𝜃cos2𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

2 2
= ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ) sin2𝜃cos2𝜃
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝜃 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃

2 2 4 2 2 4
=(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃

2 2 2 2
= 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

2 2
= 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
2+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
24. dividing equation a sin2x+b cos 2x = c 5
by cos2 x
a tan2 x+ b =c sec2 x
⇒ a tan2 x +b =c(1+ tan2 x)
⇒ a tan2 x + b = c + c tan2 x
= tan2x(a – c) = c - b
c−b
tan2 x = a – c

Similarly , dividing equation b sin2 y+a cos2 y =d

by cos2 y
b tan2 y+ a=d sec2 y
⇒b tan2 y +a=d(1+ tan2 y)
⇒b tan2y + a = d +d tan2 y
⇒ tan2 y (b – d) =d−a
𝑑−𝑎
= tan2 y = b−d

Now, a tanx=b tany

⇒a2 tan2x =b2 tan2 y
𝑎2 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 y
⇒𝑏2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 x
𝑑−𝑎
𝑎2 b−d
⇒𝑏2 = c−b
a –c
 𝑎2 (𝑑−𝑎)(𝑎−𝑐)
⇒𝑏2 = (b−d)(c−b)

25. LHS 5
𝑚2 −1
= 𝑚2 +1
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴+cot 𝐴)2 −1
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴+cot 𝐴)2 + 1

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴+2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 cot 𝐴 −1

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴+2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 cot 𝐴 +1

(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴−1 )+𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴+2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 cot 𝐴

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴+(1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴)+2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 cot 𝐴

𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴+2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 cot 𝐴

=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴+2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 cot 𝐴

2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴+ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 cot 𝐴

=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴+2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 cot 𝐴

2 cot 𝐴 (cot 𝐴+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴)

=
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴+cot 𝐴)

cot 𝐴
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴

cos 𝐴
= sin 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴
= cos A = RHS