REVIEWER IN UCSP

WEEK 1-3 LESSONS

WHAT IS CULTURE? Significance of Culture

● Anything made by man, language, customs, 1. Culture make it possible for man to adapt and
values, norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, integrate himself to his environment by being
products, organizations and institutions. creative and resourceful in coming up with ways
● Foundation of mans continuing interaction with and means of survival
his surroundings. 2. Culture establishes patterns of acceptable
● The systems of knowledge shared by a relatively social
large group of people. behavior.
● Communication, communication is culture. 3. Culture conveys and facilitates meanings
● Cultivated behavior; the totality of a person's through verbal and non-verbal communication.
learned, accumulated experience which is 4. Culture produces man made things.
socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior 5. Culture contributes to overall human
through social learning. satisfaction
● A way of life of a group of people--the Significance of Culture
behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that
they accept, generally without thinking about 1. Culture is learned and acquired. Acquired
them, and that are passed along by through the senses and experiences from
communication and imitation from one different agents of socialization. The means of
generation to the next. acquisition are imitation, conditioning,
● Consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of suggestion, formal or informal instruction
behavior acquired and transmitted by and mass media.
symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement 2. Culture is shared and transmitted. To
of human groups, including their embodiments in continuously preserve culture, it is best to share
artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of to other people or to transmit it to the next
traditional ideas and their attached values; generation. Culture is transmitted through
culture systems may, on the one hand, be language.
considered as products of action, on the other 3. Culture is adaptive and dynamic. Culture is
hand, as conditioning influences upon further always changing new ideas, procedures and
action. techniques are added, modified or discarded.
● The sum of total of the learned behavior of a 4. Culture is cumulative. Certain features of
group of people that are generally considered to culture have been retained today and they are
be the tradition of that people and are modified and innovated to make them new and
transmitted from generation to generation. updated.
● A collective programming of the mind that 5. Culture is ideational. Culture is an ideal
distinguishes the members of one group or pattern of behavior which the members are
category of people from another. expected to follow.
6. Culture gratifies human needs. Culture
continuous to exist if it satisfies human needs
REMEMBER THAT CULTURE biologically or psychologically
7. Culture is social. Culture is a group product
1. Differ depending on the needs of the developed by many individuals interacting in
individual. group.
2. Of any society represents an adaptation or 8. Culture is integration. Culture is integrated on
adjustment to the various conditions of life, the personality of each individual and become
including their physical, social, and supernatural parts of their behavior.
environment. 9. Culture is not usually known by people. The
3. People develop a culture of their own out of way people interact and do things in their
their learnings and experiences from their everyday lives seems natural. People are
environmental exposure. unaware of their culture because they are so
4. Culture creates the identities of individual close to it and know it well.
which are distinct from one another. 10. Culture gives people a range of permissibly
behavior patterns. Culture commonly allow a
range of ways on how man will act.

BY JINIEL MEDRANO G12 - STEM F 1

 REVIEWER IN UCSP
WEEK 1-3 LESSONS

WHAT IS SOCIETY? ● Involves making decisions that apply to

members of a group.
● a group of people interacting with each other.
● People that make up a society share a common
culture with the same language, traditions, REMEMBER THAT POLITICS
beliefs, technologies. 1. Talks about collective decision of individuals
based on defined rules of society that binds
REMEMBER THAT CULTURE people together to preserve culture and improve
human life.
1. A product of human social processes
2. Is a collective activity, involving people who
intended to meet basic needs for survival.
accept a common membership or at least
2. Organized by rules of conduct, customs,
acknowledge a shared fate
traditions, folkways and mores and
3. Presumes an initial diversity of views
expectations that ensures appropriate behavior.
4. Involves reconciling differences through
3. Is an important product of human interaction
discussion and persuasion
and interconnectedness.
5. Political decisions became authoritative policy
4. Provides us an idea of its importance in
for a group, binding members to decisions that
creating an equal, just and humane society.
are implemented by force if necessary
5. Man’s social behavior is greatly shape by
society where he belongs. Significance of Studying Politics
Characteristics of a Society 1. Can enhance personal happiness
2. Can enrich human freedom and well-being
1. A product of human social processes
3. Affects human lives
intended
4. Foster moral and intellectual growth
to meet basic needs for survival.
5. Foster self-knowledge
2. Organized by rules of conduct, customs,
traditions, folkways and mores and
expectations that ensures appropriate behavior. WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY
3. Is an important product of human interaction ● the study of people and their culture.
and interconnectedness. ● Branch of knowledge which deals to the
4. Provides us an idea of its importance in scientific study of man, his works, his body,
creating his behavior and values within a specific time
an equal, just and humane society. and space.
5. Man’s social behavior is greatly shape by ● Man’s physical, social and cultural devt.
society where he belongs. ● Study of Mankind
● Mans behavior in relation to his environment
Significance of Society
ETYMOLOGY OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Provides a system of stratification
2. Provides basic needs of its members “Anthropos” (Greek) = Man
3. Regulates and controls people’s behavior “Logos” (Greek) = Study
4. Provides the means of social participation “Anthropologia” = Study of Humanity
5. Provides mutual support to the members
Significance of Studying Society ORIGIN OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Representation of our identity ● Anthropology started as the study of
2. Characterize the totality of a territory non-European people by European people
3. Avenue for economic interdependence (outward).
4. Symbol political independence ● Written records about non-Europeans
● Focus on kinship, language, race, religion,
WHAT IS POLITICS cultural perception etc
● Politics – activities of the government, members ● Franz Boas- Father of Modern American
of law-making organizations, or people who try Anthropology
to influence the way a country is governed. ● Historical Particularism - each society is
● set of activities associated with the governance considered as having a unique form of culture
of a country, or an area. that cannot be understood under an overall
definition of general culture.

BY JINIEL MEDRANO G12 - STEM F 2

 REVIEWER IN UCSP
WEEK 1-3 LESSONS

4-FIELD APPROACH OF ANTHROPOLOGY COMMUNICATION COMPONENT

1. Biological Anthropology - study of human (NON-MATERIAL)
origins (genetics, race, evolutions, fossils, ● Language- it forms the core of all culture
primates) ● Symbols- along with language and non-verbal
2. Cultural Anthropology - study of living people signals, symbols form a function of symbolic
(religion, social system, language, clothing, food, interaction. Symbols vary within cultures, cross-
beliefs, etc.) culturally and change overtime
3. Linguistic Anthropology - study of language,
its evolution, its connection to other languages COGNITIVE COMPONENT (NON-MATERIAL)
and others. ● Ideas- mental representation, used to organized
4. Archeology - study of dead culture (religion, stimulus
social system, language, food, beliefs, traditions, ● Knowledge- Storehouse where we accumulate
etc.) representations, information, facts, assumptions.
GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY Support learning
● Beliefs- accept a proposition, statement,
● See the commonalities among people
description of fact as true
● Look at what makes us the same to
● Values- culturally defined standards of
understand more about human nature
desirability, goodness and beauty which serves
● Discover what makes people different and
as broad guidelines for social living
preserve diversity
● Accounts- how people use that common
● Look at one’s own culture more objectively
language to explain, justify, rationalize, excuse,
WHAT IS POLITICAL SCIENCE or legitimized our behavior.
● study of a state and its government, with the ● Motives- why of our behavior
relationship of men in the community, with
● relation of men and groups to the state itself and COGNITIVE COMPONENT (NON-MATERIAL)
the relations of a state with other sovereign ● Norms- rules and expectations by which a
states abroad society guides the behavior of its members.
● Social science regarding the practice and Standards that defines obligatory and
theory of politics, the analysis of political expected behaviors of people in various
systems and the study of political behavior situations.
● Emphasizes the use of power, interest, ● Mores- moralistic values
influence and diplomacy ● Laws- most formal and important norm
Analyze how people attain political position, ● Folkways- habitual pattern, behavior
maintain their position, and the outcomes of patterns of society which are organized and
their policy implementation repetitive
● Rituals- highly scripted ceremonies that
ETYMOLOGY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE follow a specific sequenced of action

“Polis” (Greek) = City MATERIAL COMPONENT (MATERIAL)

“Scire” (Latin) = To Know ● Material component - refers to physical objects
Political Science = Study of the state and the of culture, such as machines, equipment, tools,
government books, clothing, etc.
● Technological Tool
GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ● Structures
● Make people a better citizens ● Food
● Keep social order and harmony ● Fashions
● Protect the rights of an individual ● Accessories
● Avoid conflict and promote cooperation

BY JINIEL MEDRANO G12 - STEM F 3

 REVIEWER IN UCSP
WEEK 1-3 LESSONS

TRANSMISSION OF CULTURE such as a coup d'état or a rebellion.

1. Enculturation- learning culture of one’s own
2. External political change - initiated by other
group
countries. Usually achieved through military
2. Acculturation- learning some new traits from
threats/action but could occur through
another culture
embargoes and/or withholding foreign aid. If it is
3. Assimilation- an individual entirely loses any
achieved by the military, then a new leader will
awareness of his/her previous group identity and
be placed in charge by the victorious, foreign
takes on the culture and attitudes of another
power. The victorious country may also choose
group
to change the style of governance as well.
SOCIAL CHANGE
CULTURAL CHANGE
● any significant alteration over time in
● the process in which an organization
behavior patterns and cultural values and
encourages employees to adopt behaviors and
norms.
mindsets that are consistent with the
● Transformation of culture and social
organization's values and goals.
institution over time.
● Social movements play in inspiring
discontented members of a society to bring 💡 Your notes:

about social change.

EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL CHANGE
● Civil Rights Movement
● Child Labor Laws
● Women’s Rights
● Gay Rights
● Marijuana Legalization Movements

REMEMBER THAT SOCIAL CHANGE

1. A universal phenomenon.
2. Is community change.
3. Speed of social change is not uniform.
4. Occurs as an essential law.
5. Definite prediction of social change is not
possible.
6. Shows chain-reaction sequence.
7. Results from the interaction of a number of
factors.
❓ Long Test Reviewer
1.Everything about culture
2.Everything about society
3.Everything about politics
POLITICAL CHANGE 4.Everything about anthropology
● Political change is a normal function of internal 5.Everything about society
and external politics. Rulers will be voted out, 6.Everything about political science
retire, or die while in power, and the new leader 7.Material
will make changes. 8.Non-material
● Occurs when the rulers in a country lose power 9.Folkways
10.Laws
or the type of governance in the country
11.Mores
changes. 12.Rituals
13.Acculturation
TYPES OF POLITICAL CHANGE 14.Assimiliation
1. Internal political change - initiated by citizens 15.Enculturation
16.Social Change
of the country. It can be done through regular 17.Politial Change
events, such as elections and rulers choosing to 18.Cultural Change
hand power over, or through irregular events,

BY JINIEL MEDRANO G12 - STEM F 4

REVIEWER IN UCSP
WEEK 1-3 LESSONS

BY JINIEL MEDRANO G12 - STEM F 5