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MMW Topic-3 Algebraic-Expressions

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54 views7 pages

MMW Topic-3 Algebraic-Expressions

Hj

Uploaded by

magsilangtanya4
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MMW_TOPIC #3

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

What Is an Algebraic Expression?

Let's explore the terms that make up an algebraic expression using the
following example:
3x + 14

 The numerical value of 3 represents a coefficient, which is a number


used in unison with a variable.
 In this expression, x is a variable, which is a letter that represents an
unknown quantity.
 The addition sign in this expression is an algebraic operation. Used
interchangeably with the phrase “arithmetic operations,” algebraic
operations can also be represented by multiplication, division, or
subtraction symbols. They can also include a square root or exponent
in combination with one of these symbols.
 The quantity of 14 represents a constant, which is a number that has
a clearly defined value.

All of these terms must be present in order to classify as an algebraic


expression.

Expressions and Equations


There are many different types of mathematical expressions and phrases.
Let's explore how algebraic equations and numerical expressions relate to
algebraic expressions.

Algebraic Equations
There is one thing that separates an algebraic expression from an algebraic
equation. The latter has an equal sign. Here are some examples of
expressions vs. equations:

Algebraic Expressions:
• 3x + 2y – 5
• x – 20
• 2x2 − 3xy + 5
Algebraic Equations:
• 3x + 2y – 5 = 35
• x – 20 = 12
• 2x2 − 3xy + 5 = 60

Numerical Expressions:
A numerical expression is a mathematical phrase that only uses algebraic
operations and constants. Here are some examples of numeric expressions:
5-1
17 x 12
Since numerical expressions don't use variables, they do not classify as
algebraic expressions.

Types of Algebraic expression

There are 3 main types of algebraic expressions which include:


• Monomial Expression: 2x
• Binomial Expression: 2x + 3y
• Polynomial Expression: 2x + 3y + 9

 Monomial Expression
An algebraic expression which is having only one term is known as a
monomial. Examples of monomial expression include 3x4, 3xy, 3x, 8y,
etc.

 Binomial Expression
A binomial expression is an algebraic expression which is having two
terms, which are unlike. Examples of binomial include 5xy + 8, xyz +
x3, etc.

 Polynomial Expression
In general, an expression with more than one terms with non-negative
integral exponents of a variable is known as a polynomial. Examples of
polynomial expression include ax + by + ca, x3 + 2x + 3, etc.

Other Types of Expression:

Apart from monomial, binomial and polynomial types of expressions, an


algebraic expression can also be classified into two additional types which
are

 Numeric Expression
A numeric expression consists of numbers and operations, but never
include any variable. Some of
the examples of numeric expressions are 10 + 5, 15 ÷ 2, etc.

 Variable Expression
A variable expression is an expression which contains variables along
with numbers and operation
to define an expression. A few examples of a variable expression
include 4x + y, 5ab + 33, etc.

The Terms of Algebraic Expression

We have the following terms of algebraic equations such as:


• Coefficient of a term
• Variables
• Constant
• Factors of a term
• Terms of equations
• Like and Unlike terms

Example of using these terms are given below:

 If 2x2+3xy+4x+7 is an algebraic expression, then, 2x 2, 3xy, 4x, and 7


are the terms

 Coefficient of term 2x2 = 2

 Constant term = 7

Example of like and unlike terms:

 Like terms: 2x and 3x

 Unlike terms: 2x and 3y

Factors of a term:

If 3xy is a term, then its factors are 3, x and y.


Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions

We can add and subtract like terms easily.


Example: Add 3x + 5y – 6z and x – 4y + 2z.

By adding both the expressions we get;


(3x + 5y – 6z) + (x – 4y + 2z)

Separating the like terms and adding them together:


(3x + x) + (5y – 4y) + (-6z + 2z)
4x + y – 4z

Addition of Algebraic Expressions

To add two or more monomials that are like terms, add the coefficients; keep
the variables and exponents on the variables the same. To subtract two or
more monomials that are like terms, subtract the coefficients; keep the
variables and exponents on the variables the same.

Examples on addition of algebraic expressions:

1. Add: 6a + 8b - 7c, 2b + c - 4a and a - 3b - 2c

Solution:

Horizontal Method:

(6a + 8b - 7c) + (2b + c - 4a) + (a - 3b - 2c)


= 6a + 8b - 7c + 2b + c - 4a + a - 3b - 2c
Arrange the like terms together, then add.
Thus, the required addition
= 6a - 4a + a + 8b + 2b - 3b - 7c + c - 2c
= 3a + 7b - 8c

Column Method:

Solution:
Writing the terms of the given expressions in the same order in form of rows
with like terms below each other and adding column wise;
6a + 8b - 7c
- 4a + 2b + c
a - 3b - 2c
= 3a + 7b - 8c
2. Add: 5x² + 7y - 8, 4y + 7 - 2x² and 6 – 5y + 4x².

Solution:

Writing the given expressions in descending powers of x in the form of row


with like terms below each other and adding column wise;

5x² + 7y - 8
- 2x² + 4y + 7
4x² – 5y + 6
____________
7x² + 6y + 5
___________
= 7x² + 6y + 5

Subtraction of Algebraic Expressions

Steps I: Arrange the terms of the given expressions in the same order.

Steps II: Write the given expressions in two rows in such a way that the like
terms occur one below the other, keeping the expression to be subtracted in
the second row.

Steps III: Change the sign of each term in the lower row from + to - and
from - to +.

Steps IV: With new signs of the terms of lower row, add column wise.

Examples:

1. Subtract 4a + 5b - 3c from 6a - 3b + c

Solution:

6a - 3b + c
+ 4a + 5b - 3c
(-) (-) (+)
_____________
2a - 8b + 4c
2. Subtract 3x² - 6x - 4 from 5 + x - 2x².

Solution:

Arranging the terms of the given expressions in descending powers of x and


subtracting column-wise:

- 2x² + x + 5
+ 3x² - 6x - 4
(-) (+) (+)
_____________
- 5x² + 7x + 9

3. Subtract 3x + y – 3z from 9x – 5y + z

Solution:

9x – 5y + z
+ 3x + y – 3z
(-) (-) (+)
_____________
6x – 6y + 4z

Base, Power and Exponents

A power is the product of multiplying a number by itself. Usually, a power is


represented with a base number and an exponent. The base number tells
what number is being multiplied.

The exponent, a small number written above and to the right of the base
number, tells how many times the base number is being multiplied.

Laws of Exponents
Exponents are also called Powers or Indices. The exponent of a number says
how many times to use the number in a multiplication.
In this example: 82 = 8 × 8 = 64
In words: 82 could be called "8 to the second power", "8 to the power 2" or
simply "8 squared"
Another Example: a7 = a × a × a × a × a × a × a = aaaaaaa
All you need to know ...
The "Laws of Exponents" (also called "Rules of Exponents") come from three
ideas:
The exponent says how many times to use the number in a multiplication.
A negative exponent means divide, because the opposite of multiplying is
dividing
A fractional exponent like 1/n means to take the nth root:

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