COUNTING TECHNIQUES PERMUTATIONS

 A Permutation is an arrangement of items in a particular order.

a. TREE DIAGRAM  Notice, ORDER MATTERS!
- a diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes in a probability  To find the number of Permutations of n items, we can use the Fundamental
experiment. Counting Principle or factorial notation.
n!
b. FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING PRICIPLE (FCP) n pr = where 0≤r≤n .
- uses multiplication of the number of ways each event in an experiment can occur. (n−r )!
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE: 1. The number of ways to arrange the letters ABC.

2. Ten runners join in a race. In how many possible ways can they be arranged as first,
second, and third placers?

3. In how many ways can Aling Jelay arrange 6 plotted plants in a row?

How many different combinations of meals could you make?

4. How many four-digit numbers can be formed from the numbers 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 if
repetition of digits is not allowed?
a. If we have 6 different shirts, 4 different pants, 5 different pairs of socks and 3 different
pairs of shoes, how many different outfits could we wear?

5. Suppose that in a certain association, there are 12 selected members of the Board of
b. For a college interview, Robert has to choose what to wear from the following: 4 slacks, 3 Directors. In how many ways can a president, a vice president, a secretary, and a treasurer
shirts, 2 shoes and 5 ties. How many possible outfits does he have to choose from? be selected from the board?

c. If a lottery game is made up of three digits from 0 to 9, what is the total number of
outcomes? 6. In how many ways can you place 9 different books on a shelf if there is space enough for
only 5 books?

d. Suppose you secured your phone using a number password. Later, you realized that you
forgot the 4-digit code. You only remembered that the code contains the digits 1, 3, 4, and 7. 7. In how many ways can 5 people arrange themselves in a row for picture taking?

e. If Seth has 12 T-shirts, 6 pairs of pants, and 3 pairs of shoes, how many possibilities can he 8. A dress-shop owner has 8 new dresses that she wants to display in the window. If the
dress himself up for the day? display window has 5 mannequins, in how many ways can she dress them up?
9. You want to order your lunch from the school canteen, which offers student meals ACTIVITY 6:
consisting of 1 cup of rice, 1 meat dish, and 1 vegetable dish. How many choices do you have
1. A teacher wants to assign 4 different tasks to her 4 students. In how many possible ways
for your meal if there are 3 choices of meal dishes and 2 choices of vegetable dishes?
can she do it?

10. If there are 5 roads from Town A to Town B and 6 roads from Town B to Town C, in how
2. In a certain general assembly, three major prizes are at stake. In how many ways can the
many ways can one go from Town A to Town C and back to Town A, through Town B, without
first, second, and third prizes be drawn from a box containing 120 names?
passing through the same road twice?

3. In how many different ways can 5 bicycles be parked if there are 7 available parking
spaces?
TRY:
1. Given the 4-letter word READ. In how many ways can we arrange its letters, 3 at a time?

2. In a school club, there are 5 possible choices for the president, a secretary, a treasurer,
4. How many distinguishable permutations are possible with all the letters of the word
and an auditor. Assuming that each of them is qualified for any of these positions, in how
ELLIPSES?
many ways can the 4 officers be elected?

3. In how many ways can 5 people arrange themselves in a row for picture taking?
5. There are 8 basketball teams competing for the top 4 standings in order to move up to the
semi-finals. Find the number of possible rankings of the four top teams.
DISTINCT/ DISTINGUISHABLE PERMUTATION

4. Find the number of permutation of the letters of the word EVEN.

6. In how many ways can 12 people occupy the 12 seats in front row of a mini-theatre?

5. Find the number of permutations of the letters of the word STATISTICS.

7. Find the number of different ways that a family of 6 can be seated around a circular table
with 6 chairs.

CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
8. How many 4-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 if no
repetition is allowed?
6. In how many ways can 3 people be seated around a circular table?

9. If there are 10 people and only 6 chairs are available, in how many ways they can be
ACITIVITY 5:
seated?
1. P(6,6)=¿ ¿ 5. P(n , 3)=504 9. P(12 , r)=1320

2. P(7 , r )=840 6. P(10 , 5)=¿ ¿ 10. P(13 , r )=156

3. P(n , 3)=60 7. P(8 , r )=6720 10. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the digits of the number 348 838.
4. P(8 , 3)=840 8. P(n , 4 )=3024