INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL, RIYADH

WORKSHEET - PHYSICS (042) 2024-25

GRADE-11

CHAPTER-1 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS

Objective Type Questions:

1. Which of the following pairs has the same dimensions?

(a) Specific heat and latent heat (b) Impulse and momentum
(c) Surface tension and force (d) Moment of inertia and torque

2. Which of the following is not a system of units?

(a) MKS (b) CGS
(c) Decibel (d) SI
3. What is the units of measurement of solid angle?
(a) Steradians (b) Degrees (c) Radians (d) Grades

4. The number of significant figures in 1556.00 is

(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (4) 4

5. The length and breadth of the rectangle are 4.5 mm and 5.9 mm. The area of rectangle in
appropriate significant figures in mm2
(a) 22.55 (b) 27 (c) 26.6 (d) 26.55

6. The pair of quantities having the same dimensions is

(a) Displacement, velocity (b) Time, frequency
(c) Wavelength, focal length (d) Force, acceleration
7. If x = a + bt + ct2, where x is in metre and t in second, then what is the unit of ‘c’?
(a) m/s (b) m/s2 (c) kg m/s (d) m2/s

8. Which of the following physical quantity has the dimensional formula [M1L2T-3]
(a) Work (b) Power (c) Work (d) Impulse
Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

Assertion: A dimensionless quantity may have units

9. Reason: Two physical quantities having same dimensions may have different units.

10. Assertion: The number of significant figures in 0.007 is 4.

Reason: If a number is less than one all zeroes are significant.

Answer the following questions :

11. Solve with due regard to the significant figures:

a) 46.7 – 10.04
b) 1.2 x 2.54 x 3.257
2
12. X /mass has the dimensions of kinetic energy. What are the dimensions of X?
13. If F = a + bx, where F is force, x is displacement, and a and b are constants, find the dimensions
and units of a and b.
14. The mass and volume of a body are 4.237 g and 2.5 cm3, respectively. Find the density of the
material of the body in correct significant figures.
Page 1 of 22
 15. Write the dimensions of the following quantities:
(a) Impulse (b) Pressure (c) Force (d) Energy
16. Give an example of:
(a) A physical quantity which has a unit but no dimensions.
(b) A physical quantity which has neither unit nor dimensions.
(c) A constant which has a unit
(d)None of the above
17. Write the number of significant figures of the following:
(a) 2.64 x 1024 (b) 0.0006032 (c) 440 (d) 6.320 (e) 23.00 (d) 1.6 x 10-19
18. Each side of a cube is 7.203 m. Calculate the surface area and volume of the cube upto correct
number of significant figures.
19. Check the correctness of the following equations
(a) 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
(b) 𝑣 − 𝑢 = 2𝑎𝑠
20. The energy of a body executing simple harmonic motion may depend upon its mass ‘m’,
frequency ‘ν’, and amplitude of oscillation ‘A’. Derive the formula for energy dimensionally.
21. (a) Find the consistency of the equation,
𝑡 = 2𝜋(𝑙/𝑔)
where t is time period of a simple pendulum, l is its length, and g is acceleration due to gravity.
(b) Assuming that the mass (m) of the largest stone that can be moved by a flowing river
depends on velocity (v), the density (d), and acceleration due to gravity (g), show that m varies
directly as the sixth power of velocity of flow.
22. (a) Using the principle of homogeneity of dimensions, check the correctness of the equation,
4𝜋 2 𝑟 3
𝑇 2 = 𝐺𝑀
where T is time period, r is radius, G is gravitational constant, and M is mass.
(b) When light travels through glass, the refractive index of glass is found to vary with
wavelength as μ = A + B/λ2. Using the principle of homogeneity of dimensions, find the
dimensions and SI units of the constants A and B.

23. (a) In the expression P = E l2 m-5 G-2, E denotes energy, m denotes mass, l denotes angular
momentum, and G denotes gravitational constant. Show that P is a dimensionless quantity.
(b) The velocity of water waves (v) may depend on their wavelength ‘λ’, density of water ‘p’,
and acceleration due to gravity ‘g’. Derive an expression for the velocity with these quantities
by dimensional method.

24. (a) Write the dimensions of the following quantities:

(i) Velocity Gradient (ii) Surface Energy(iii) Angular Velocity (iv) Moment of Inertia (v)
Torque (vi) Planck Constant

(b) Write the quantities of the following dimensions:

(i) [ML2T-2] (ii) [M0L0T-2] (iii) [ML-1T-2] (iv) [M-1L3T-2]

CHAPTER-2 MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

Objective Type Questions:

1. A particle is moving with a constant speed along a straight-line path. A force is not required to
(a) change its direction (b) decrease its speed
(c) keep it moving with uniform velocity (d)Increase its momentum

2. What is the ratio of the average acceleration during the intervals OA and AB in the velocity-
time graph as shown below?

Page 2 of 22
 (a) ½ (b)⅓ (c)1 (d)3

3. For the motion with uniform velocity, the slope of the velocity-time graph is equal to
(a) 1 m/s (b)Zero (c)Initial velocity (d)Final velocity

4. A spring with one end attached to a mass and the other to a rigid support is stretched and
released.
(a) Magnitude of acceleration, when just released is maximum.
(b) Magnitude of acceleration, when at equilibrium position, is maximum.
(c) Speed is maximum when mass is at equilibrium position.
(d) Magnitude of displacement is always maximum whenever speed is minimum

5. The distance travelled by a body is directly proportional to the square of the time taken. Its
acceleration
(a) Increases (b) Decreases (c) Becomes zero (d) Remains constant

6. The motion of a freely falling object is an example of

(a) Uniform motion (b) Uniformly accelerated motion
(c) Non-uniformly accelerated motion (d) Zero acceleration

7. The area under velocity time graph gives

(a) Displacement over given time interval (b) Acceleration
(c) Velocity (d) None of these

8. Slope of velocity time graph gives

(a) Acceleration (b) Velocity (c) Distance (d) Displacement

9. A body is thrown up. What will be velocity and acceleration at the top?
(a) v=0 ,a= -g (b)v= 0 ,a=g (c) v = maximum, g= 0 (d) v=0, g=0

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

10. Assertion: A particle having constant acceleration must always move on a straight line. Reason:
When magnitude of acceleration is constant, then speed of particle may remain constant.

11. Assertion : Displacement of a body may be zero when distance travelled by it is not zero
Reason : The displacement is the longest distance between initial and final position.

12. Assertion : The position-time graph of a uniform motion, in one dimension of a body cannot
have negative slope.
Reason : In one – dimensional motion the position does not reverse, so it cannot have a
negative slope.
13. Assertion: For the uniform motion, the slope of position time graph will be constant.
Reason: The slope of position time graph represent velocity of the object and for uniform
motion it is constant

Page 3 of 22
 14. Assertion: A body having non zero acceleration can have a constant velocity.
Reason: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

15. Assertion: The average speed of a body over a given interval of time is equal to the average
velocity of the body in the same interval of time if a body moves in a straight line in one
direction.
Reason: Because, in this case distance travelled by a body is equal to the displacement of the
body.

Answer the following Questions:

16. Draw the position- time graph for :

(a) Uniform motion (b)Uniform acceleration
17. Plot the position-time graph for an object (a) moving with positive velocity (b) moving with
negative velocity, and (c) at rest.

18. A body moving along X-direction has , at any instant, its x coordinate given by
x=a + bt +ct2. What is the acceleration of the particle?

19. The displacement- time graph for the two particles A and B are straight lines inclined at angles
of 30⁰ and 45⁰ with the time axis. What is the ratio of the velocities VA : VB?

20. A food packet is released from a helicopter which is rising steadily at 2m/s. After 2s , what is
the velocity of the packet and how far is it below the helicopter? (Take g=10 m/s2 )

21. Draw the following graphs for an object under free fall
(i)Variation of acceleration with respect to time
(ii)Variation of velocity with respect to time
(iii)Variation of distance with respect to time

22. A car started from rest and accelerated with uniform acceleration a1 for 10s then decelerated
𝑎 1
with uniform deceleration a2 to finally come to rest in next 5 seconds. Show that 𝑎1 = 2 .
2

23. (i) Draw velocity- time graph of uniformly accelerated motion with initial speed u. Show that
the area under this v-t line represents distance travelled. What does the slope of this line
represent?
(ii) The distance travelled by a body x expressed in meter and time t expressed in second are
related by x=4t2 + 6t +8, find speed and acceleration of the body at t=4s.

CHAPTER- 3 MOTION IN A PLANE

Objective Type Questions:

1. If a unit vector is represented by 0.5î + 0.8ĵ - ck̂, then the value of ‘c’ is:
(a) 1 (b) √0.11 (c) √0.01 (d) 0.39

2. In uniform circular motion, the centripetal acceleration perpendicular to velocity is:

(a) Parallel to the motion of the object.
(b) Perpendicular to the motion of the object.
(c) Opposite to the motion of the object.
(d) Tangential to the circular path.

3. Angle that the vector A = 2î + 3ĵ makes with y-axis is:

(a) tan-1 (3/2) (b) tan-1 (2/3) (c) sin-1 (2/3) (d) cos-1 (3/2)
Page 4 of 22
 4. The scalar product of two vectors a = 3î - 4ĵ + 5k̂ and b= -2î + ĵ - 3k̂ is:
(a) 25 (b) 17 (c) -25 (d) -17

5. The direction of the angular velocity vector is along:

(a) The tangent to the circular path. (b) The outward radius.
(c) The inward radius. (d) The axis of rotation.

6. Centripetal acceleration can be mathematically expressed as:

(a) ac = ω2/R (b) ac = ω/R2 (c) ac = R2/ω (d) ac = ω2R

7. The horizontal range of a projectile fired at an angle of 15° is 50 m. If it is fired with the same
speed at an angle of 45°, its range will be:
(a) 60 m (b) 71 m (c) 100 m (d) 141 m

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

8. Assertion: A body falling freely with the constant acceleration.

Reason: The body falls freely when the acceleration of the body is equal to acceleration due to
gravity.

9. Assertion: A scalar quantity is one that is conserved in a process.

Reason: Scalar quantity depends on the direction.

Answer the following Questions:

10. Why does a tennis ball bounce higher on hills than on plains?
11. Prove that A . B = B . A
12. Determine λ such that:
A = 2î + λĵ + k̂; B = 4î - 2ĵ - 2k̂ are perpendicular to each other.

13. Find the angle of projection for a projectile motion whose range R is n times the maximum
height H.

14. For two angles of projection θ and (90 – θ) with same velocity u,
(i) Range is same
(ii) Heights are in the ratio tan2 θ : 1

15. If A = -2î + 3ĵ - 4k̂ and B = 3î - 4ĵ + 5k̂, find A × B and A . B.

16. A stone tied to the end of a string 80 cm long is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant
speed. If the stone makes 14 revolution in 25 s, what is the magnitude and direction of
acceleration of the stone?

18. (a) State parallelogram law of vector addition. Derive an expression for resultant of two vector
using parallelogram law.
(b) Two forces, whose magnitude are at the ratio of 3:5 give a resultant of 35N. If angle of
inclination is 600, find magnitude of each force.

19. Define angular displacement, angular speed, angular acceleration, time period and frequency as
regards circular motion. How are linear velocity and linear acceleration related to angular speed
and angular acceleration respectively?
20. (a) Derive the expression of centripetal acceleration with the help of proper vector diagram.

Page 5 of 22
 (b) An aircraft executes a horizontal loop of radius 1 km with the steady speed of 900 km/h.
Calculate its centripetal acceleration in m/s2.

CHAPTER- 4 LAWS OF MOTION

Objective Type Questions:

1. ‘Net force acting on an object is found to be zero.’ It can be inferred that the object
(a) May be at rest (b)May be in uniform motion

(c)May be in uniformly accelerated motion (d)Both (a) & (b)

2. Inertia is the property of a body linked to tendency of a body

(a) to change its position (b) to change its direction
(c) to change the momentum (d) to resist any change in its state

3. Impulse equals
(a) rate of change of momentum
(b) change in momentum
(c) momentum multiplied by time
(d) rate of change of force

4. The direction of impulse is

(a) same as that of the net force (b) opposite to that of the net force
(b) same as that of the final velocity (d) same as that of the initial velocity
5. Identify the correct statement.
(a) Static friction depends on the area of contact
(b) Kinetic friction depends on the area of contact
(c) Coefficient of kinetic friction does not depend on the surfaces in contact
(d) Coefficient of kinetic friction is less than the coefficient of static friction
6. Frictional force that opposes relative motion between surfaces in contact is called
(a) static friction (b) kinetic friction (c) kinetic friction (d) static friction

7. If μs, μk and μr are coefficients of static friction, kinetic friction and rolling friction, then
(a) μs < μk < μr (b) μk < μr < μs (c) μr < μk < μs (d) μr = μk = μs
8. When a car moves on a level road, then the centripetal force required for circular motion is
provided by
(a) weight of the car (b) normal reaction
(b) component of friction between the road & tyres along the surface. (d) All of these
9. On a banked road, which force is essential to provide the necessary centripetal force to a car to
take a turn while driving at the optimum speed?
(a) Component of normal reaction (b) Component of frictional force
(b) Both (a) & (b) (d) None of these

10. A body subjected to three concurrent forces is found to be in equilibrium. The resultant of any
two forces
(a) is equal to third force (b) is opposite to third force
(b) is collinear with the third force (d) All of these
Page 6 of 22
 11. The mass of bicycle rider along with the bicycle is 100 kg. He wants to cross over a circular turn
of radius 100m with a speed of 10 m/s. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres and the
road is 0.6, the frictional force required by the rider to cross the turn is
(a) 300 N (b) 600 N (c) 1200 N (d) 150 N

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

12. Assertion : Mass is a measure of inertia of the body in linear motion.

Reason : Greater the mass, greater is the force required to change its state of rest or of uniform
motion.

13. Assertion : If the net external force on the body is zero, then its acceleration is zero.
Reason : Acceleration does not depend on force.

14. Assertion : Impulse of force and momentum are same physical quantities.
Reason : Both quantities have same unit.

15. Assertion: A cricketer moves his hands forward to catch a ball so as to catch it easily without
hurting.
Reason: He tries to decrease the distance travelled by the ball so that it hurts less.

16. Assertion: Same force applied for the same time causes the same change in momentum for
different bodies
Reason: The total momentum of an isolated system of interacting bodies remains conserved.

17. Assertion : A rocket works on the principle of conservation of linear momentum.

Reason : Whenever there is change in momentum of one body, the same change occurs in the
momentum of the second body of the same system but in the opposite direction.

18. Assertion : A block placed on a table is at rest, because action force cancels the reaction force
on the block.
Assertion : The net force on the block is zero.

19. Assertion : On a rainy day, it is difficult to stop a moving car or bus at high speed.
Reason : The value of coefficient of friction is lowered due to wetting of the surface.

20. Assertion: Friction is a necessary evil

Reason: Though friction dissipates power, but without friction we cannot walk.

21. Assertion: There is a stage when frictional force is not needed at all to provide the necessary
centripetal force on a banked road.
Reason: On a banked road, due to its inclination the vehicle tends to remain inwards without
any chances of skidding.

22. Assertion : Linear momentum of a body changes even when it is moving uniformly in a circle.
Reason : In uniform circular motion, velocity remains constant.

23. Assertion : No external force is required to keep a body in uniform motion.

Reason :If the net external force is zero , a body at rest continues to remain at rest and the body
in motion continues to move with a uniform velocity.

24. Assertion: It is difficult to move a cycle along the road with brakes on.
Page 7 of 22
 Reason: Sliding friction is greater than rolling friction.

Answer the following Questions:

25. What is 1 kg-wt? How many Newtons make 1 kg-wt?

26. Define coefficient of friction. What is its unit?
27. What is inertia? Name the quantity that gives the measure of inertia.
Give the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on
A drop of rain falling down with constant speed.
A cork of mass 10g floating on water.
28. What is impulse? Why is it dangerous to jump on hard surface than on soft surface?
While catching a cricket ball, the player lowers his hands. Why?
29. State law of conservation of momentum and prove it by using Newton’s third law of motion.
30. Explain why:
(a)A horse cannot pull a cart and run in empty space.
(b)Passengers are thrown forward from their seats when a speeding bus stops suddenly.
31. Derive an expression for maximum velocity of a car on a level curved road.

32. Two billiard balls each of mass 50g moving in opposite directions with speed 36km/h collide
and rebound with the same velocity. What is the impulse imparted to each ball due to the other?

33. A bomb is thrown in a horizontal direction with a velocity of 50m/s. It explodes into 2 parts of
masses 6kg and 3kg. The heavier fragment continues to move in horizontal direction with a
velocity of 80m/s. Calculate the velocity of the lighter fragment.

34. A curve from the highway to the road forms an arc of radius 100m. If the road is 10m wide and
its outer edge is 1m higher than the inner edge, for what speed the road is banked? (g=10m/s2 )

35. Obtain the expression for the maximum velocity with which a vehicle can turn along a curved
banked road, of radius ‘r’, coefficient of friction ‘µ’, angle of banking ‘θ’.

CHAPTER – 5 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

Objective Type Questions:

1. Which is the type of collision in which both the linear momentum and the kinetic energy of the
system remain conserved?
(a)Inelastic Collision (b) Elastic Collision
(c )Destructive collision (d)None of the options

2. A ball moves in a frictionless inclined table without slipping. The work done by the table
surface on the ball is
(a) Negative (b) Zero (c)Positive (d)None of the options

3. When the force retards the motion of body, the work done is
(a)zero (b) negative
(c) positive (d) Positive or negative depending upon the magnitude of force and
displacement
4. According to work-energy theorem, the work done by the net force on a particle is equal to the
change in its
(a) kinetic energy (b) potential energy
(c)linear momentum (d)angular momentum

Page 8 of 22
 5. If a light body and heavy body have same kinetic energy, then which one has greater linear
momentum?
(a) Lighter body (b) Heavier body
(c) Both have same momentum (d) Can’t be predicted

6. Which of the following is not a conservative force?

(a) Gravitational force (b) Frictional force
(c) Spring force (d) None of these

7. When two spheres of equal masses undergo perfect inelastic collision with one of them at rest,
after collision they will move
(a) opposite to one another (b) in the same direction
(c)together (d) at right angle to each other
8. In an inelastic collision
(a) momentum is not conserved
(b) momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not conserved
(c) both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved
(d)neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

9. Assertion: When a body moves along a circular path, no work is done by the centripetal force.
Reason: The centripetal force is used in moving the body along the circular path and hence no
work is done.

10. Assertion: When the force retards the motion of a body, the work done is zero.
Reason: Work done depends on angle between force and displacement.

11. Assertion: The work done in bringing a body down from the top to the base along a frictionless
incline plane is the same as the work done in bringing it down the vertical side.
Reason: The gravitational force on the body along the inclined plane is the same as that along
the vertical side.

12. Assertion: If momentum of a body increases by 50% its kinetic energy will increase by 125%.
Reason: Kinetic energy is proportional to square of velocity.
Answer the following Questions:

13. Give the conditions for a collision to be elastic and inelastic.

14. Comets move around the sun in highly elliptical orbits. The gravitational force on the comet due
to the sun is not normal to the comet's velocity in general. Yet the work done by the
gravitational force over every complete orbit of the comet is zero. Why?

15. State and prove work energy theorem.

Explain with graphs the difference between work done by a constant force and by a variable
force.
16. A body moving along the Z – axis of a co – ordinate system is subjected to a constant force F
given by F = -i + 2j + 3k N. where i,j,k are unit vectors along the x, y and z – axis of the system
respectively. What is the work done by this force in moving the body a distance of 4m along the
Z – axis?
17. Derive the expression for potential energy of a spring. Show that spring force is a conservative
force.

Page 9 of 22
 18. Discuss the motion of a particle along a vertical circle. Calculate the minimum velocity it should
have at the lowest and the highest point to loop the loop. Also obtain an expression for the
tension in the string at the highest point of the vertical circle.
19. Distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions. Derive the expression for final velocities of
two objects undergoing elastic collision in one dimension. Discuss what happens when both
bodies are of equal mass.

CHAPTER -6 SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. A uniform rod of length l is rotating horizontally with uniform angular speed co about a vertical
axis passing through its one end. The force exerted on the rod is
(a) mlω² (b) ml²ω² (c) 12 ml²ω² (d) 12 mlω

2. A man is sitting on a rotating table with his arms stretched outwards. When he suddenly folds
his arms inside, then
(a) his angular velocity will decrease (b) his angular velocity remains constant
(c) his moment of inertia decreases (d) angular momentum
3. If the radius of earth is decreased keeping its mass constant, then the length of day will
(a) decrease (b) Increase
(c) remain same (d) cannot say
4. A body of mass M slides down an inclined plane and reaches the bottom with velocity v. If a
ring of same mass rolls down the same inclined plane, what will be its velocity on reaching the
bottom?
(a) v2 (b) v/√2 (c) v (d) √2v
5. A body of M.I. 3 kg m² rotating with an angular velocity 2 rad/s has the same K.E. as a mass of
12 kg moving with a velocity of
(a) 1 m/s (b) 2 m/s (c) 4 m/s (d) 8 m/s

6. A particle performing uniform circular motion has angular momentum L. If its angular
frequency is doubled and its kinetic energy halved, then the new angular momentum is
(a) L/2 (b) L/4 (c) 2 L (d) 4 L
7. A thin uniform, circular ring is rolling down an inclined plane of inclination 300 without
slipping. Its linear acceleration along the inclined plane will be
(a) g/2 (b) g/3 (c) g/4 (d) 2g/3
8. Moment of inertia depends on
(a) Distribution of particles (b) Mass
(c) Position of axis of rotation (d) All of these
9. A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg, has length 1 metre and radius 0.5m. then its momentum of
inertia in kg m² about its geometrical axis is
(a) 2.5 (b) 5 (c) 1.5 (d) 3
10. A particle moves on a circular path with decreasing speed. Choose the correct statement.
(a) Angular momentum remains constant.
(b) Acceleration is towards the centre.
(c) Particle moves on a spiral path with decreasing radius.
(d) The direction of angular momentum remains constant.

11. Which is the wrong relation from the following?

(a) τ = I α (b) F = ma (c) L = I ω (d) I = τ α

12. A solid sphere is rotating in free space. If the radius of the sphere is increased keeping mass
same, which one of the following will not be affected?

Page 10 of 22
 (a) Moment of inertia (b) Angular momentum
(c) Angular velocity (d) Rotational kinetic energy
13. A dancer on ice spins faster when she folds here arms. This is due to
(a) Increases in energy and increase in angular momentum
(b) Decrease in friction at the skates
(c) Constant angular momentum and increase in kinetic energy
(d) Increase in energy and decreases in angular momentum
14. Two circular discs A and B have equal masses and uniform thickness but have densities r1 and
r2 such that r1 > r2. their moment of inertia is
(a) l1 > l2 (b) l1 >> l2 (c) l1 < l2 (d) l1 = l2

15. Centre of mass of the earth and the moon system lies
(a) closer to the earth
(b) closer to the moon
(c) at the mid-point of line joining the earth and the moon
(d) cannot be predicted

16. In rotatory motion, linear velocities of all the particles of the body are
(a) different (b) zero (c) cannot say (d) None of these

17. Without weighing how will you distinguish between the two identical balls of same material,
but one being solid and the other being hollow
(a) by spinning them by equal torque.
(b)by rolling them down an inclined plane in air.
(c)by determining their M.I. about the centre.
(d)all of the above
Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

18. Assertion : The centre of mass of a body may lie where there is no mass.
Reason : Centre of mass of body is a point, where the whole mass of the body is supposed to be
concentrated.
19. Assertion : The earth is slowing down and as a result the moon is coming nearer to it.
Reason : The angular momentum of the earth moon system is conserved
20. Assertion : When you lean behind over the hind legs of the chair, the chair falls back after a
certain angle.
Reason : Centre of mass lying outside the system makes the system unstable.

21. Assertion : The centre of mass of system of n particles is the weighted average of the position
vector of the n particles making up the system.
Reason : The position of the centre of mass of a system in independent of coordinate system.
22. Assertion: Centre of mass of a ring lies at its geometric centre though there is no mass.
Reason: Centre of mass is independent of mass.

23. Assertion : The centre of mass of an isolated system has a constant velocity.
Reason : If centre of mass of an isolated system is already at rest, it remains at rest.

24. Assertion : The position of centre of mass of body depend upon shape and size of the body.
Reason : Centre of mass of a body lies always at the centre of the body

25. Assertion : If no external force acts on a system of particles, then the centre of mass will not
move in any direction.
Reason : If net external force is zero, then the linear momentum of the system remains constant

Page 11 of 22
26. Assertion : A particle is moving on a straight line with a uniform velocity, its angular
momentum is always zero.
Reason : The momentum is not zero when particle moves with a uniform velocity.

27. Assertion : The centre of mass of a two particle system lies on the line joining the two particle,
being closer to the heavier particle.
Reason : Product of mass of particle and its distance from centre of mass is numerically equal to
product of mass of other particle and its distance from centre of mass.

Answer the Following:

28. What will be the effect on the day-length if the polar ice caps of the planet melt?

29. Suppose you have been given two spheres of the same mass and radius, one is solid and the
other is hollow.
Which of them has a larger moment of inertia about its diameter?

30. What is a rigid body?

31. Define centre of mass. Give the expression for centre of mass of a two- particle system.

32. Define torque. Prove that the rate of change of angular momentum of a particle is equal to the
torque acting on it.

33. Why is force applied at right angles to a door at its outer edge, while closing or opening it?

34. What is the physical significance of M.I?

35. Using the expression of power and K.E. of rotational motion, derive the relation τ = lɑ
Define Torque .What is its physical significance?
36. Define radius of gyration?
How does a ballet dancer vary her angular speed by outstretching her hands and legs?
37. Find the scalar and vector product of two vectors; a= (3𝑖̂-4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ ) and b=(−2𝑖̂+𝑗̂−3𝑘̂)
38. A rope of negligible mass is wound round a hollow cylinder of mass 3 kg and radius 40 cm.
What is the angular acceleration of the cylinder if the rope is pulled with a force of 30 N? What
is the linear acceleration of the rope? Assume that there is no slipping.

CHAPTER 7 – GRAVITATION

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Newton’s law of universal gravitational force is given by

𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑚 𝐺𝑀+𝑚 𝐺𝑀−𝑚
(a) 𝐹 = 𝑟 4 (b) 𝐹 = 𝑟 2 (c) 𝐹 = 𝑟 2 (d) 𝐹 = 𝑟 2

2. Which law describes the orbits of planets around the sun?

(a) Newton’s law (b) Faraday’s law (c) Kepler’s law (d) Kirchhoff’s law
3. The value of gravitational acceleration on earth is:
(a) 9.8 m/s (b) 9.8 m/s2 (c) 8.9 m/s (d) 8.9 m/s2

4. The value of gravitational acceleration:

(a) Increases as height increases from the earth.
(b) Decreases as height increases from the earth.
Page 12 of 22
 (c) Remains constant.
(d) None of the above.

5. The time period of a second’s pendulum in a satellite is:

(a) zero (b) 2
(c) infinity (d) depends on the mass of the body

6. The escape velocity of earth is Ve. If the mass of a certain planet is 3 times and radius is 3 times
than that of the earth, then the escape velocity from the planet will be:
(a) 3Ve (b) 6Ve (c) √3Ve (d) Ve

7. What is the value of the escape velocity of earth?

(a) 9.8 km/s (b) 10 km/s (c) 11.2 km/s (d) 12 km/s

8. What is the weight of a body inside an artificial satellite of earth?

(a) It depends on the mass of the body.
(b) It depends on the velocity of satellite.
(c) Product of its mass and gravitational acceleration.
(d) Zero.

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

9. Assertion: A body becomes massless at the centre of earth.

Reason: This follows from g’ = g(1-d/R)
10. Assertion: Gravitational potential is always negative.
Reason: Gravitational potential energy at infinity is assumed to be zero.
Answer the following questions

11. What is the weight of an object at the centre of the earth

12. What would be the escape velocity of a planet whose mass and radius are doubled from earth
with the escape velocity of earth taken as ve?
13. Why does a person in a satellite feel weightlessness?

14. Satellite A is in a certain circular orbit about a planet, while satellite B is in a larger circular
orbit. Which satellite has (i) the longer period and (ii) the greater speed?

15. How will you “weigh the sun”, i.e. estimate its mass? The mean orbital radius of the earth
around the sun is 1.5 x 108 km.

16. A Saturn year is 29.5 times the earth year. How far is Saturn away from the Sun if the earth is
1.50 x 108 km away from the sun?

17. Derive an expression for acceleration due to gravity at height h from the earth’s surface.
18. If a planet existed whose mass and radius were both half of those of earth, what will be the
value of ‘g’ on its surface?

19. (a) Derive an expression for gravitational potential of a body.

(b) What is the difference between gravitational potential and gravitational potential energy?
20. State Kepler’s laws on planetary motion. Explain the way the three laws can be proved.

21. What is escape velocity? Obtain the expression for the escape velocity on earth. Why is it that
there is no atmosphere on the moon? Explain.

Page 13 of 22
22. Derive an expression for acceleration due to gravity at a depth ‘d’ below the earth’s surface.

CHAPTER-8 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Modulus of rigidity of ideal liquid is

(a) infinity (b) zero (c) unity (d) some finite small non-zero constant value

2. The maximum load a wire can withstand without breaking when its length is reduced to half of
its original length, will

(a) be doubled (b) be half (c) be four times (d) remain the same

3. The temperature of a wire is doubled. Young’s modulus of elasticity

(a) will also double (b) will become four times

(c) will remain the same (d) will decrease

4. A spring is stretched by applying a load to its free end. The strain produced in the spring is

(a) volumetric (b) shear (c) longitudinal and shear (d) longitudinal

5. A wire is suspended from the ceiling and stretched under the action of a weight F suspended
from its other end. The force exerted by the ceiling on it is equal and opposite to the weight.

(a) tensile stress at any cross-section A of the wire is F/A

(b) tensile stress at any cross-section is zero

(c) tensile stress at any cross-section A of the wire is 2F/A

(d) tension at any cross-section A of the wire is F

6. For an ideal liquid

(a) the bulk modulus is infinite (b) the bulk modulus is zero

(c) the shear modulus is infinite (d) the shear modulus is zero

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

7. Assertion : Steel is more elastic than rubber.

Reason : Under given deforming force, steel is deformed less than rubber.

8. Assertion : Young’s modulus for a perfectly plastic body is zero.

Reason : For a perfectly plastic body, restoring force is zero.

9. Assertion : Strain is a unitless quantity.

Reason : Strain is equivalent to force.

Page 14 of 22
10. Assertion : The bridges declared unsafe after a long use.
Reason : Elastic strength of bridges losses with time.

Answer the following Questions:

11. Identical springs of steel and copper are equally stretched. On which, more work will have to be
done?
12. What is the Bulk modulus for a perfect rigid body?
13. A wire of length L and radius r is clamped rigidly at one end. When the other end of the wire is
pulled by a force f, its length increases by l. Another wire of the same material of length 2L and
radius 2r is pulled by force 2f. Find the increase in length of this wire.
14. A steel wire of length 4.7 m and cross-sectional area 3.0 × 10-5 m2 stretches by the same amount
as a copper wire of length 3.5 m and cross-sectional area of
4.0 × 10–5 m2 under a given load. What is the ratio of Young’s modulus of steel to that of
copper?
15. The stress-strain graphs for materials A and B are shown in the figure below.

The graphs are drawn to the same scale.

(a) Which of the materials has the greater Young’s modulus?
(b) Which of the two is the stronger material?
16. Read the following two statements below carefully and state, with reasons, if it is true or false.
(a) The Young’s modulus of rubber is greater than that of steel;
(b) The stretching of a coil is determined by its shear modulus.
17. Four identical hollow cylindrical columns of mild steel support a big structure with a mass
of 50,000 kg. The inner and outer radii of each column are 30 and 60 cm,
respectively. Assuming the load distribution to be uniform, calculate the compressional strain
of each column.
18. The Stress-Strain graph for a metal wire is shown in the figure upto the point E. The wire
returns to its original state O along the curve EPO when it is gradually unloaded. Point B
corresponds to the fracture of the wire :

(i) Upto what point of the curve is Hooke’s law obeyed ?

(ii) Which point on the curve corresponds to the elastic limit or yield point of the wire ?
(iii) Indicate the elastic and plastic regions of the Stress-Strain graph.
(iv) Describe what happens when the wire is loaded upto a stress corresponding to the point A
on the graph, and then unloaded gradually. In particular, explain, the dotted curve.
(v) What is peculiar about the portion of the Stress-Strain graph from C to B ? Upto what stress
can the wire be subjected without causing fracture ?

Page 15 of 22
19. Describe stress-strain relationship for a loaded steel wire and hence explain the terms : Elastic
limit, yield point, tensile strength.
20. Prove that the work done per unit volume in stretching a wire for every type of
strain = 1/2 × stress × strain.

CHAPTER-9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The Bernoulli’s theorem is based on the conservation of
(a) mass (b) energy (c) momentum (d) all
2. Along a streamline
(a) the velocity of a fluid particle remains constant
(b) the velocity of all fluid particles crossing a given position is constant
(c) the velocity of all fluid particles at a given instant is constant
(d) the speed of a fluid particle remains constant

3. An ideal fluid flows through a pipe of circular cross-section made of two sections with
diameters 2.5 cm and 3.75 cm. The ratio of the velocities in the two pipes is
(a) 9:4 (b) 3:2 (c) √3: √2 (d) √2: √3
4. Pressure is a scalar quantity because
(a) it is the ratio of force to the area and both force and area are vectors
(b) it is the ratio of the magnitude of the force to area
(c) it is the ratio of a component of the force normal to the area
(d) it does not depend on the size of the area chosen

5. With increase in temperature, the viscosity of

(a) gases decreases (b) liquids increases
(c) gases increases (d) liquids decreases

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

6. Assertion : It is easier to spray water in which some soap is dissolved.

Reason : Soap is easier to spread.
7. Assertion : The angle of contact of a liquid decrease with increase in temperature.
Reason : With increase in temperature, the surface tension of liquid increase.
8. Assertion : A large soap bubble expands while a small bubble shrinks, when they are connected
to each other by a capillary tube.
Reason : The excess pressure inside bubble (or drop) is inversely proportional to the radius.
Answer the following Questions:

9. Explain why
(a) To keep a piece of paper horizontal, you should blow over, not under, it.
(b) When we try to close a water tap with our fingers, fast jets of water gush through the

Page 16 of 22
 openings between our fingers.
(c) The size of the needle of a syringe controls flow rate better than the thumb pressure exerted
by a doctor while administering an injection.
(d) A fluid flowing out of a small hole in a vessel results in a backward thrust on the vessel.
(e) A spinning cricket ball in air does not follow a parabolic trajectory.
10. State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem.
11. Two equal drops of water are falling through air with a steady velocity v. If the drops coalesce,
what will be the new steady velocity?
12. The diameter of ball A is twice of that of B. What will be the ratio of their terminal velocities in
water?
13.
Can two streamlines cross each other in a flowing liquid?
14. Define terminal velocity and derive an expression for it.
15. A plane is in level flight at constant speed and each of its two wings has an area of 25m2.If the
speed of the air is 180km/h over the lower wing and 234km/h over the upper wing surface,
determine the plane’s mass. (Take air density to be 1kg/m3).
16. Prove that surface energy numerically equal to the surface tension.
17. State Pascals law. Explain the working of hydraulic lift.
18. Derive continuity equation.
19. Define and derive capillary rise.
20. A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift cars with a maximum mass of 3000 kg. The area
of the cross-section of the piston carrying the load is 425 cm2. What maximum pressure would
the smaller piston have to bear?

CHAPTER -10 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The value of absolute zero is:

(a) 273.15°C (b) -273.15°C (c) 100°C (d) 180.15°C

2. Why is Pyrex preferred for making thermometers over ordinary glass?

(a) It has a higher coefficient of volume expansion.
(b) It has a smaller coefficient of volume expansion.
(c) Not easy to break.
(d) It is inexpensive.
3. Water has maximum density at:
(a) 4°C (b) 100°C (c) 0°C (d) 10°C

4. The S.I. unit of specific heat capacity is:

(a) J kg-1 K-1 (b) J kg-1 K-2 (c) J kg-2 K-1 (d) J-1 kg K-1

5. During change of state of a matter:

(a) Temperature remains constant. (b) Temperature changes.
(c) Mass changes. (d) Density remains constant.
6. The S.I. unit of latent heat is:
(A) J kg-1 K-2 (b) J kg-1 (c) J kg (d) J kg-2 K-1
By Wein’s displacement law:
(a) λmT2 = constant (b) λmT3 = constant
(c) λmT = constant (d) λmT4 = constant

7. The molar specific heat at constant pressure of an ideal gas is (7/2) R. The ratio of specific heat
at constant pressure to that at constant volume is:
(a) 9/7 (b) 7/5 (c) 8/7 (d) 5/7
Page 17 of 22
Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

8. Assertion: A blue star is hotter than a red star.

Reason: According to Wein’s Law, as the temperature increases, the wavelength
corresponding to maximum radiation decreases.
9. Assertion: The heat energy transferred by the movement of fluid is a process called convection
Reason: All objects radiate energy continuously in the form of electromagnetic waves.

Answer the following Questions:

10. Birds swell their feathers in winter. Why?

11. Two stars radiate maximum energy at wavelength 3.6 x 10-7 m and 4.8 x 10-7 respectively.What
is the ratio of their surface temperature?

12. A copper block of mass 2.5 kg is heated in a furnace to a temperature of 500°C and then placed
on a large ice block. What is the maximum amount of ice that can melt? (Specific heat of
copper = 0.39 J g-1 K-1; heat of fusion of water = 335 Jg-1).

13. Write difference between latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporisation.

14. What is anomalous expansion of water? What are its effects?

15. Distinguish between radiation and convection method of heat transfer.

16. State Wein’s law. Write the S.I. unit of Wein’s constant
17. A brass wire 1.8 m long at 27°C is held taut with little tension between two rigid supports.If the
wire is cooled to a temperature of -39°C, what is the tension developed in the wire, if its
diameter is 2.0 mm. Co-efficient of linear expansion of brass = 2.0 x 10-5 K-1; Young’s modulus
of brass = 0.91 x 1011 Pa.

18. Derive the relation between coefficient of linear expansion and coefficient of areal expansion.
Draw the energy distribution graph of a black body. List some salient features.

19. What is thermal expansion? Explain different types of thermal expansions.

20. State and explain three different modes of transference of heat. Explain how the loss of heat due
to these three modes are minimized in a thermos flask.

CHAPTER-11 THERMODYNAMICS

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Which of the following process is used to do maximum work done on the ideal gas if the gas is
compressed to half of its initial volume?
(a) Isothermal (b) Isochoric (c) Isobaric (d) Adiabatic
2. According to first law of thermodynamics,
(a) heat neither enters nor leaves the system (b) heat is constant in isothermal system
(c) energy is conserved (d) none of these

3. A gas performs minimum work when it expands

Page 18 of 22
 (a) adiabatically (b) isothermally (c) isobarically (d) isochorically

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

4. Assertion : When a bottle of cold carbonated drink is opened, a slight fog forms around the
opening.
Reason : Adiabatic expansion of the gas causes lowering of temperature and condensation of
water vapours.
5. Assertion : The heat supplied to a system is always equal to the increase in its internal energy.
Reason : When a system changes from one thermal equilibrium to another, some heat is
absorbed by it.

6. Assertion : In isothermal process whole of the heat energy supplied to the body is converted into
internal energy.
Reason : According to the first law of thermodynamics ΔQ = ΔU.
Answer the following Questions:

7. Geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 3.0 litre per minute from 270C to 770C.If the geyser
operates on a gas burner, what is the rate of combustion of fuel if its heat of combustion is
4.0×104J/g?
8. Differentiate between reversible process and irreversible process with examples.

9. State zeroth law of thermodynamics.

State first law of thermodynamics.
10.
Show that molar specific capacity at constant pressure is greater than molar specific heat capacity
at constant volume. Derive Mayor’s relation.

CHAPTER – 12 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Average velocity of a gas becomes 4 times , then what will be he effect on rms velocity at the
same temperature.
(a)1.4 times (b)4 times (c)3 times (d) 2 times

2. What will be the average velocity of energy along one degree of freedom for an ideal gas in
thermal equilibrium at a temperature T ?
(a) 3/2 kB T (b) ½ kB T (c) kB T (d) 2/3 kB T

3. Specific heat at constant Volume and at constant temperature of an ideal gas have been reported
as follows. Which of the following sets are more reliable ?
(a) CV = 5 : CP = 3 (b) CV = 5 : CP = 7 (c) CV = 3 : CP = 4 (d)CV = 3 : CP = 5

4. What is the mean translational kinetic energy of a perfect gas molecule at temperature T ?
(a) 3/2 kB T (b) 1/2 kB T (c) kB T (d) 2/3 kB T
5. Degree of freedom of a gas depends on
(a) Atomicity of the gas molecule (b) temperature of gas
(c) Shape of the molecule (d) all the above
6. The rms velocity of oxygen molecules at S.T.P . The molecular weight of oxygen is 32.
(a) 461.2 m/s (b)5.48 km/s (c)348.6 m/s (d)none of these

Page 19 of 22
7. According to kinetic theory of gas,
(a) the motion of a gas molecule freezes at 0 degree Celsius
(b) the mean free path of gas molecule increases if temperature is increased keeping pressure
constant.
(c) the mean free path of gas molecule decreases if the density of molecule is increased.
(d) Average kinetic energy per molecule per degree of freedom is 3/2 kBT
choose the appropriate answer from the options given below.
(a) A and C only (b) B and C only (c)A and B only (d) C and D only

8. A gas has n degrees of freedom. The ratio of specific heat of gas at constant volume to the
specific heat of a gas at constant pressure will be
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛+2 𝑛
(a) 𝑛+2 (b) 2𝑛+2 (c) 𝑛 (d) 𝑛−2

9. Average velocity of molecule of an ideal gas is

(a) zero (b) one (c) all the above (d) infinity

10. For a triatomic gas of non linear molecule f= 6 What is the specific heat at constant volume
(a) 3R (b) 4R (c) 7R (d)5R

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

11. Assertion (A) : The number of degrees of freedom of a linear triatomic molecules is 7.
Reason (R) : The number of degrees of freedom depends on number of particle in the system.

Answer the following Questions:

12. Name the factors on which the degree of freedom of a gas depends.
13. State law of equipartition of energy
14. What do you mean by degree of freedom ? Show that the number of degree of freedom of a
system consisting of N – particles and having k independent relation between them is
(3n – k)
15. State the law of equipartition of energy. How much kinetic energy is associated with each
molecule of a i) monoatomic ii) diatomic and triatomic ideal gas at T temperature.

16. Derive the expression for pressure exerted by an ideal gas.

What is meant by mean free path of a gas molecule ? Write an expression for it.

17. At what temperature is the root mean square speed of an atom in an argon gas cyclinder equal to
the r.m.s speed of a helium gas at -20 degree Celsius . Atomic mass of argon = 39.9 and that of
helium = 4 u

18. Define average , root mean square speed. Express these speed in terms of temperature of a gas.

CHAPTER- 13 OSCILLATIONS

Multiple Choice Questions :

1. Two simple harmonic motions are represented by Y1 = 5( sin 2𝜋𝑡 + √3 cos 2𝜋𝑡) ; 𝑌2 = 5 sin
𝜋
(2𝜋𝑡 + 4 ) The ratio of the amplitude of two SHM’s is
(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 2:1 (d)1:√3

Page 20 of 22
2. In a simple harmonic oscillator , at the mean position
(a)Kinetic energy is minimum , potential energy is maximum
(b)Both kinetic and potential energies are maximum.
(c)Kinetic energy is maximum , potential energy is minimum.
(d)Both kinetic and potential energies are minimum.

3. Time period of a simple pendulum will be doubled , if we

(a) Decreases the length 2 times (b) Decrease the length 4 times
(c) Increase the length 2 times (d) Increase the length 4 times

4. A simple pendulum is vibrating in an evacuated chamber. It will oscillate with

(a) Constant amplitude (b)Increasing amplitude
(c) Decreasing amplitude (d) None of these

5. The time period of a simple pendulum on a satellite , orbiting around the earth is
(a) Infinite (b) Zero (c)84.6 min (d)24 hours

6. The phase difference between the displacement and acceleration of a particle executing SHM is
(a)180° (b) 90° (c) 0° (d) None of these
7. The frequency of a second pendulum in an elevator rising up with an acceleration equal to g/2
is
(a) 0.612 Hz (b) 1.225 Hz (c) 0 (d)None of these

8. Which quantity is conserved during the oscillation of a simple pendulum

(a) Potential energy (b) kinetic energy
(c) total mechanical energy (d)none of these

Assertion Reasoning type Questions:

9. Assertion: Energy of a particle executing simple harmonic motion is entirely potential

energy at the extreme position.
Reason: Particle at extreme position is at rest.

10. Assertion: In S.H.M., the velocity is maximum when acceleration is minimum.

Reason: Displacement and velocity of S.H.M. differ in phase by π/2.

Answer the following Questions:

11. Deduce an expression for velocity of a particle executing SHM. When is the particle velocity
i) maximum 2) minimum
12. The length of a simple pendulum executing SHM is increased by 2 %. Find the percentage
increase in time period of the pendulum of increased length .
13. Draw graphical representation of simple harmonic motion, showing the
(a)Displacement- time curve. (b)Velocity – time curve (c)Acceleration – time curve

14. Derive an equation for potential energy , kinetic energy and total energy in SHM . Graphical
representation of variation of kinetic energy , potential energy and total energy with
displacement.
15. Show that oscillation of a spring is Simple harmonic thus derive time period of oscillation of a
loaded spring.
16. Show that the motion of a simple pendulum is simple harmonic. Derive an expression for its
time period . Does it depend on mass of the bob.

Page 21 of 22
 CHAPTER -14 WAVES
Multiple Choice Questions:

1. When sound travels from air to water , which parameter does not change
(a)Wavelength (b) Frequency (c)Velocity (d)None of these

2. The two waves of same frequency moving in the same direction give rise to
(a) Beats (b) Interference (c) Stationary waves (d)None of these
3. Length of a string tied to two rigid supports is 40 cm. Maximum length of a stationary wave
produced on it is
(a) 20 (b) 80 (c) 40 (d)120
4. The displacement Y of a wave travelling in the X- direction is given by
Y = 10-4 sin (600 t -2x + 𝜋/3 ) where x is expressed in metres and t in seconds. The speed of
the wave motion is
(a) 300 (b) 600 (c) 1200 (d)200

5. The first overtone of a stretched wire of given length is 320 Hz. The first harmonic is
(a) 320 Hz (b)160 Hz (c)480 Hz (d)640 Hz

6. Standing waves can be produced

(a)On a string clamped at both the ends.
(b)On a string clamped at one end free at the other.
(c)When incident wave get reflected from a wall.
(d)When 2 identical waves with a phase difference of 𝜋 are moving in the same direction.

7. The speed of a longitudinal wave is

𝑇 𝑃
(a) √𝑀 (𝑏)√𝜌
(c)Both a and b (d)None of these

Assertion and Reasoning Questions:

8. Assertion: The velocity of sound increases with increase in humidity.

Reason: Velocity of sound doesn’t depend on medium.
9. Assertion: Sound would travel faster on a hot summer day than a cold winter day.
Reason: Velocity of sound perfectly proportional to square of its absolute temperature.
Answer the following Questions:

10. What are stationary waves? State the necessary condition for the formation of a stationary wave.

11. Derive an equation for speed of a transverse wave on the basis of dimensions
12. Derive fundamental frequency of a string fixed at both ends.Describe the various modes of
vibrations of an open organ pipe.

13. Differentiate between stationary wave and progressive wave( Any 3 ).

14. State the principle of superposition of waves. Distinguish between conditions for the production
of stationary waves and beats .
What are beats ? derive beat frequency

Prepared By
XI-XII Boys section
Page 22 of 22