NAVAL ORGANIZATION REAR ADMIRAL CAESAR BERNARD

VALENCIA PN
History: - He is the Deputy Commander of
the Navy. He assists the FOIC and
1898 - The Philippine Revolutionary Navy performs functions in his absence.

1939 - The Off Shore Patrol REAR ADMIRAL JOSE MA AMBROSIO

EZPELETA PN
1947 - Philippine Naval Patrol - He exercises general supervision
over the central staff, special and
1951 - Philippine Navy technical staff and perform other
duties that the FOIC may assign.
Navy’s role
PERSONAL STAFF
● The Navy shall continue to assist - Naval Modernization Office (NMO)
in the conduct of rescue and relief - Naval Public Information Office
operations not only during (NPIO)
accidents at sea but even during - Command Master Chief Petty
natural calamities in land such as Officer (CMCPO)
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions - Flag Secretary
and floods. - The Naval Inspector General
● The Navy shall continue assisting (TNIG)
in national socio-economic
development. CENTRAL STAFF
● . The Navy, as it acquires new and - N1 Administrative and Personnel
more potent assets, will be an - N2 Intelligence
effective instrument of the - N3 Operations
government in fulfilling various - N4 Logistics
security-related international - N5 Plans and Programs
commitments. - N6 CEIS
- N7 CMO
HEADQUARTERS PHILIPPINE NAVY - N8 Education And Training
- N9 Reservists and Retirees Affairs
VICE ADMIRAL TORIBIO ADACI JR PN- - N10 Ships and Yards
FLAG OFFICER-IN-COMMAND
- Highest Naval Officer. He executes Special and Technical Staff
the command functions in relation - Naval Adjutant
to Naval strategy, tactics and - Naval Provost Marshal
operations. He also act as the - Naval Health Service
immediate advisor to the Chief of - Naval Judge Advocate
Staff, AFP. He is responsible for - Naval Chaplain
the planning development and - Naval Civil Engineer
execution of Naval Defense in the
country.
PHILIPPINE NAVY ORGANIZATION a. Naval Sea Systems Command
(NSSC)
1. TYPE COMMANDS b. Naval Education Training and
Doctrine Command (NETDC)
a. Lakas dagatnin ng pilipinas c. Naval Construction Engineering
(Philippine Fleet) Brigade (NCEBde)
- Mission: “To prepare and d. Naval Reserve Command (NRC)
operate assigned forces for e. Naval Installation Command (NIC)
naval operations in order to
support the PN accomplish 4. Support units
its mission.” - Provides support in Logistics,
- Home of the sailors personnel, maintenance, finance
- Home of the fighting ships and health services.
- Has major units namely: a. Bonifacio Naval Station (BNS)
Offshore Combat Force, b. CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS
Sealift Amphibious, Littoral GROUP (CMOG)
Combat Force and Fleet c. Naval Information and
Support Group and special Communications Technology
units, NAG, NAVSOG and Center (NICTC)
FTDC d. FLEET-MARINE WARFARE
CENTER (FMWC)
b. Philippine Marine Corps e. Headquarters Philippine Navy and
- Mission: “To provide Headquarters Support Group
combined armed units in (HPN& HSG)
the conduct of amphibious f. Naval Intelligence and Security
warfare and such other Force (NISF)
operations in order to g. Philippine Navy Finance Center
accomplish the mission of (PNFC)
the Philippine Navy.” h. Naval Logistics Center (NLC)
- Rapid deployment i. Navy Personnel Management
- Amphibious strike force Center(NPMC)
- Small but highly mobile
- Hard-hitting
- Superbly trained SHIP’S ORGANIZATION

2. Operational Commands Commanding Officer

a. Naval Forces Northern Luzon - He is the highest Naval Officer in
b. Naval Forces Southern Luzon the Navy or the commanding
c. Naval Forces West General of the Navy. He executes
d. Naval Forces Central the command functions in relation
e. Naval Forces Western Mindanao to naval strategy, tactics and
f. Naval Forces Eastern Mindanao operations and act as the
immediate advisor to the chief of
Staff, AFP.
3. Support Commands
- Its mission is to sustain the
forces of operational units
Executive Officer control of all registered
- Designated second in command of publications; and, the maintenance
the ship. of communications security which
- In the absence of the CO, he includes crypto, transmission and
becomes the acting CO and he physical security.
must be prepared to assume
command. Engineering Officer
- Primarily responsible for the - Responsible to the Commanding
administration of the ship and Officer for the operation, care and
personnel, overall training, daily maintenance of all propulsion and
routine, and the maintenance of auxiliary equipment; the control of
good order and discipline in the damage; and the accomplishment
entire command. of repairs.
- The entire department heads - The following officers, if assigned
report to him for all matters or designated, whose duties are
pertaining to the internal indicated, reports to the
administration of the command. Engineering Officer:

Operations Officer a. Damage Control Officer - He is

- Responsible under the responsible for prevention and
Commanding Officer for the control of damage including control
collection, evaluation and of stability, list and trim; placing the
dissemination of combat and ship in proper condition of closure
operational information required for as ordered by the CO; coordination
the assigned mission and tasks of and supervision of compartment
the ship. tests for tightness; maintenance of
- The following officers, if assigned bills for control of stability; posting
or designated, whose duties are of correct compartment check-off
indicated, reports to the list; training of ship's personnel in
Operations Officer: damage control including fire
a. Combat Information Center fighting, and emergency repairs;
(CIC) Officer - He is responsible and, operation, care and
for the collection and maintenance of auxiliary
dissemination of combat and machinery piping and drainage
operational information; operation, systems, shop repair facilities and
care and maintenance of the repair of hull and boats.
equipment CIC equipment except
those assigned to other officers; b. Repair Officer - He is
training of CIC personnel; and, responsible for planning,
control of aircraft, when assigned. scheduling, accomplishing and
inspecting works to ensure its
b. Communications Officer - He timely and satisfactory completion;
is responsible for supervising the establishment of an adequate job
receipt, transmission and routing of order system; and, preparation of
ship's messages; operation and estimated funds required for work
maintenance of visual and to be performed.
electronic communications
equipment; proper handling and
Deck Officer (First Lieutenant) designation and fire control
- He is responsible for the equipment and associated
preservation and cleanliness of the ordnance; and, training of gunnery
exterior of the ship except that part personnel and gun crews.
assigned to another department; - If no other officer is assigned or
operation, care and maintenance designated, the Deck/Gunnery
of the ground tackle, mooring lines Officer performs the following
and related equipment, ship's collateral duties:
boats, except boat machinery, and a. Cargo Officer
of the life rafts and other lifesaving b. Special Service Officer
equipment; towing gears and c. Athletic Officer
equipment, rigging, gangways,
fueling and provisioning at sea Chief Master-at-Arms (CMAA)
gears and other deck - Assists the OOD in the execution
appurtenances of ship's routine including
- He is also responsible for the responsibility for crew turning out
preservation of equipment related promptly at all hands evolutions
to deck seamanship including and reveille, supervising the
those involved in loading and control of standing lights,
unloading operations; planning and maintaining silence after taps,
execution of deck seamanship handling of liberty parties leaving
evolutions and operations the ship or returning aboard and in
including anchoring, mooring, the processing of all newly
fueling and replenishment at sea; reported personnel;
- He supervises loading, unloading - Supervises extra duty men and
and stowage of cargo; and, men performing punishments, the
supervising operation of paint, sail rigging and unrigging for church,
and boatswain's lockers as well as movies and other special functions
garbage disposal. and the preparation of delinquency
reports; maintains a lucky bag;
Mess and Supply Officer furnishes escorts for the CO, EXO
- In large ships, the Mess and and visitors as directed; renders 8
Supply Department maybe o'clock reports if not designated to
organized separately and would BMW or DPOW;
have officers assigned to perform - Ensures the safety and welfare of
each function. The Mess and prisoners at the brig, frequent
Supply Officer is responsible to the inspections of the ship, that ship's
Commanding Officer for procuring, regulations and instructions
receiving, storing, issuing, pertaining visitors are adhered to
shipping, transferring, accounting and the presence of masters-at-
and while in his custody, arms at all mess lines, pay lines,
maintaining all stores, provisions store lines, captain's masts and
and equipment of the command. courts-martial, at scenes of
emergencies and other official
Gunnery Officer gathering of personnel.
- He is responsible for the conduct
of gunfire; operation, care and
maintenance of all guns including
Terminologies They make detailed casualty analyses and
repairs of electrical, electronic, hydraulic
Rating – is a term used in the Navy to and mechanical systems. They also test
identify an occupational specialty that is and inspect ammunition, missiles and their
based on aptitude, training, experience, ordnance components. GMs train and
knowledge and skills of an individual. supervise personnel in the handling and
stowage of ammunition, missiles and
Rate – is the term used to identify the assigned ordnance equipment.
level of achievement and expertise within
the individual’s rating. Rate may also be QM - Quartermaster (Ship’s helm)
called paygrade within a rating. QMs assist the navigator and officer
of the deck (OOD), steer the ship, take
Rank – is the combined rate and rating of radar bearings and ranges, make depth
an individual. soundings and celestial observations, plot
courses and command small craft.
Unrated/Non-rated/Unclassified – a Additionally, they maintain charts,
term used to identify an individual who has navigational aids and oceanographic
not yet been classified for a particular publications and records for the ship’s log.
rating. His rank would carry an initial (UN). reports. They maintain files and service
Ex: ASN(UN) records.

Striker – a term that applies to an ET - Electronics Technician (Helium

individual in the paygrade E1 to E3. Atom)
ETs are responsible for electronic
Petty Officer – a term that applies to an equipment used to send and receive
individual in the paygrade E4 to E7 messages, detect enemy planes and
ships, and determine target distances.
They must maintain, repair, calibrate, tune
PN enlisted rating structures and adjust all electronic equipment used
for communications, detection and
BM - Boatswain’s Mate (Crossed tracking, recognition and identification,
Anchors) navigation and electronic
BMs train and supervise personnel countermeasures.
in all activities relating to marlinespike,
deck and boat seamanship, and the DK - Disbursing Clerk (Key on check)
maintenance of the ship’s external DKs maintain the financial records of
structure and deck equipment. They act Navy personnel. They prepare payrolls,
as petty officers in charge of small craft determine transportation entitlements,
and may perform duties as master-at compute travel allowances and process
arms, serve in or take charge of gun claims for reimbursement of travel
crews and damage control parties. expenses. DKs also process vouchers for
receiving and spending public money and
GM - Gunner’s Mate (Crossed Cannon) ensure accounting data is accurate. They
Navy GMs operate, maintain and maintain fiscal records and prepare
repair all gunnery equipment, guided- financial reports and returns.
missile launching systems, rocket
launchers, guns, gun mounts, turrets,
projectors and associated equipment.
SK - Storekeeper (Crossed keys) The operation and repair of a ship’s
SKs are the Navy’s supply clerks. or station’s electrical power plant and
They see that needed supplies are electrical equipment is the responsibility of
available including everything from EMs. They also maintain and repair power
clothing and machine parts to forms and and lighting circuits, distribution
food. SKs have duties as civilian switchboards, generators, motors and
warehousemen, purchasing agents, stock other electrical equipment.
clerks and supervisors, retail sales clerks,
store managers, inventory clerks, buyers, EN - Engineman (Gear)
parts clerks, bookkeepers and even fork Internal combustion engines, diesel
lift operators. or gasoline, must be kept in good order.
This is the responsibility of ENs. They also
YN - Yeoman (crossed quills) maintain refrigeration, air-conditioning,
YNs perform secretarial and clerical distilling-plant engines and compressors.
work. They deal with visitors, telephone
calls and incoming mail. YNs organize MR - Machinery Repairman (Micrometer
files and operate copy machines and and Gear)
order and distribute supplies. They write MRs are skilled machine tool
and type business and social letters, operators. They make replacement parts
notices, directives, forms and reports. and repair or overhaul a ship’s engine
They maintain files and service records. auxiliary equipment, such as evaporators,
DT - Dental Technician (D on air compressors and pumps. They repair
Cadecues) deck equipment, including winches and
Navy dentists, like many civilian hoists, condensers and heat exchange
ones, are assisted by dental technicians. devices. Shipboard MRs frequently
DTs have a variety of “chairside,” operate main propulsion machinery,
laboratory and administrative duties. besides performing machine shop and
Some are qualified in making and fitting repair duties.
artificial teeth; dental X-ray techniques;
clinical laboratory required. BU - Builder (Carpenters’s square on
plump bob)
HM - Hospital Corpsman (Cadecues) Navy builders are like civilian
HMs assist medical professionals in construction workers. They are skilled
providing health care to service people carpenters, plasterers, roofers, cement
and their families. They serve as finishers, asphalt workers, masons,
pharmacists, medical technicians, food painters, bricklayers, sawmill operators or
service personnel, nurse’s aids, cabinetmakers. BUs build and repair all
physician’s or dentist’s assistants, types of structures including: piers,
battlefield medics, X-ray technicians and bridges, towers, underwater installations,
more. An HM’s work falls into several schools, offices, houses and other
categories: first aid and minor surgery, buildings.
patient transportation, patient care,
prescriptions and laboratory work, food PH - Photographer’s Mate
service inspections and clerical duties. PHs photograph actual and
simulated battle operations and make
EM - Electrician’s Mate (Globe with photo records of historic and newsworthy
longitude and latitude lines) events for the Navy. They expose and
process light-sensitive negatives and
positives, maintain cameras, related when halted at Attention, marching at
equipment, photo files and records and Quick Time, or seated in a vehicle.
perform other photographic services for - commands for this movement are “
the Navy. HAND, SALUTE”, “READY, TWO”

AD - Aviation Machinist’s Mate 2. Honors to the Flag

Usually, ADs are assigned to billets a. Colors – paying honors to the flag;
concerned with maintaining turbo-jet hoisted in the morning and lowered in the
aircraft engines and associated equipment afternoon.
or to any one of several types of aircraft a. For ships not underway and
maintenance activities. ADs maintain, Shore Commands:
service, adjust and replace aircraft Sunrise – Morning Colors
engines and accessories, as well as Sunset – Evening Colors
perform the duties of flight engineers. b. For ships underway:
National ensign is raised/lowered
at the mast; the jack flag is not raised.
NAVAL CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
b. Honors Rendered by Merchant Ships
(Dipping):
Customs – is a social convention Merchant ships salute navy ships by
stemming from tradition and enforced as a dipping their ensign. Navy Ships respond
written law by lowering the steaming ensign to half-
mast for a few seconds then close it up.
Courtesy – is a respectful behavior often After which, the merchant ship may raise
link to customs again her flag.

Tradition - the passing down of elements c. Passing Honors: honors exchange

of a culture from generation to generation between two ships or boats when comes
close aboard (Distance : Ships: 600 yds
Military Courtesy – the respect and Boats: 400 yds)
honor shown to military tradition, Ships/boats who’s Commanding
practices, symbols and individual Officer/Boat Captain is junior in rank
renders passing honors to Commanding
Military Customs - those time-honored Officer/Boat Captain Senior in rank.
practices and outward sign of military
courtesy that create a formal atmosphere Other honors
of respect and honor ● The arrival/departure of the ship’s
Captain is usually announced at
Honors the PA system. He is always piped
when he boards or leaves the ship
1. Salute ● Nobody is allowed to sit in the
-The purpose for this movement, is to Captain’s Chair at the bridge
demonstrate mutual respect and courtesy unless offered.
between members of military ● In boarding the ship, Junior goes
organizations and to show respect to first. In disembarking, senior goes
National Colors. first.
-There are one counts involved with this ● Navy Officers eat in the place
movement. This movement is executed called “Wardroom”
 ● Side boys are detailed in the Includes staterooms, mess hall for CPO’s,
quarter deck to welcome a wardroom and living spaces:
distinguished visitor: EP are not allowed to enter unless on
CAPT AND BELOW – 4 side boys official business.
COMMO TO REAR ADMIRAL – 6 NOT used as passageways or shortcuts
side boys
VICE ADMIRAL UP – 8 side boys Naval terms and phraseologies

Customs Aye-Aye- a reply to an order to indicate

that it is understood and will be carried out
Bridge Customs: Bridge is the center of Billet allotted sleeping place: also a man s
operations of the ship while underway. If location in the ships organization
CO is present, appropriate greetings must Black Gang- slang for the engineering
be rendered. force
Bear Hand- cooperation among the ship s
Procedure in Entering/Leaving the company
Ship: All Hands- entire ship’s company
● At the gangway – if the National Boot- slang for new recruit
ensign is flying, turn aft before Coxswain- enlisted men in charge of a
getting aboard and salute the boat
ensign. Upon boarding, before Field day- general cleaning day aboard
striking the ship’s deck, render ship, usually a day before inspection
another salute to the OOD or Flag Officer- an officer with the rank of
his/her representative by saying COMMODORE and above
“Request permission to come Gangway- opening in the bulwarks: order
aboard Sir.” For disembarking, it is to stand a while and get out of way
done in a reverse manner. General Quarters- battle station for all
● When boarding in-group – only the hands
one in charge shall render salute. Java- slang for coffee time
Jump ship- slang for leaving the ship
Crossing the Nest: Usually done when without authority/permission
your ship is in nest with other ships: SEAMANSHIP
Boarding: Salute the colors and
OOD of inboard ship Marlinespike Seamanship
Say “Request Permission to cross” - is the art of handling and working
until you reach your own ship all kinds of fiber and wire rope. It
includes every variety of knotting,
Half Masting:Tribute to the dead. splicing, serving, and fancy work.
● Use line for tying up during
Basic Rule for Boats and Vehicles: mooring and docking and
“SENIORS ARE LAST IN, FIRST OUT” for rigging aloft or over the
side during painting details.
Divine Sevices: Church pennant is flown ● Use wire rope during
at the mast replenishment of supplies
All persons within the area are required to and for highline transfers.
uncover including watches These are only a few of the
jobs that require to use line
Officers and CPO Country:
 or wire rope; there are without your supervisor's
many more. permission.
Rope ● Do not lubricate the line.
- is manufactured from wire, fiber, ● Whip all line ends.
and combinations of the two. Fiber ● Inspect natural fiber line frequently
rope or line, as it is commonly for deterioration. Open the lay and
called, is fashioned from natural or inspect the fibers. White, powdery
synthetic fibers. residue indicates internal wear.
● Dragging a line over sharp or
In the Navy, sailors refer to fiber rope as rough objects cuts or breaks the
line, whereas they refer to wire rope as outer fibers. When line is dragged
rope, wire rope, or just wire. More clearly on the ground, other particles are
defined, a line is a piece of rope, either picked up and eventually work into
fiber or synthetic, that is in use or has the line, cutting the inner strands.
been cut for a specific purpose, such as a ● Natural fiber line exposed to the
lifeline, heaving line, or lead line. atmosphere deteriorates about 30
percent in 2 years from weathering
Construction of Line alone. Natural fiber line received
- In three-strand line, fibers are from supply that is 3 years old
twisted into yarns or threads, the should be returned to supply
yarns are twisted in the opposite noting uneconomical to use.
direction into strands, and the
strands are twisted in the first Small stuff
direction, making line. Taking the - Line 1 1/2 inches or less in
process further, lines are twisted circumference is called small stuff.
into cable. Line can have various Its size specification is governed
numbers of strands, and the by the number of yarns it contains
direction the strands are twisted (called threads in this instance).
determines the lay of the line. That Use of Small Stuff
is, if the strands are twisted to the
right, the line is said to be right- Round line
laid. - is three-strand, right-laid tarred
hemp is used for seizing and
Use and Care of Line servings on ships where neatness
is required.
● Coil right-laid line right-handed or Sail twine
clockwise. Flake down braided and - is small stuff laid up right-handed
plaited line. by machine, like regular line, but it
● Keep line from touching stays, is not much larger than fishing line
guys, or other standing rigging. is used for servings when a fancier
● When surging line around bitts, job than can be done with marline
take off enough turns so the line is desired.
does not jerk but surges smoothly. Cod line
● If line becomes chafed or - is the light, white line formerly used
damaged, cut and splice. A good in hammock clews (lines for
splice is safer than a damaged suspending a hammock) is used
section. However, do not cut a line for decorative purposes.
Securing Ends Class 1 Knots - knots in the end of line,
- Never leave the end of a line used in fastening a line upon itself or
dangling loose without a whipping around an object
to prevent it from unlaying. The
end of line will begin to unlay of its Overhand Knot – used in making other
own accord. To prevent fraying, knots. Never used alone
you should put a temporary plain Bowline - a temporary eye in the end of a
whipping on with anything, even a line. It will not slip or jam.
rope yarn. Running bowline – a convenient form of
running an eye. Formed by making a
Knots bowline over its own standing part.
- According to a Seaman's use of Bowline on a bight – used to sling a
the term knot, the line usually is man over the side. It will not slip and
bent to itself. The knot forms an constrict him
eye or knob or secures a cord or French Bowline – has the same purpose
line around an object, such as a as the bowline on a bight. It gives two
package. loops that can be adjusted to fit.
Spanish bowline - Can be used wherever
hitch it is desirable to have two eyes in the line.
- differs from a knot in that it Its primary purpose however is, as a
ordinarily is tied to a ring, around a substitute for the boatswains chair.
spar or stanchion, or around Sheepshank – used to shorten a rope in
another line. It is not tied back on three parts, and half hitch each part
itself to form an eye or to bend two around the bight of the other two parts.
lines together. Cats Paw - a double loop formed by
twisting two bights of a rope. The hook of
Eye Splice a tackle is passed through them.
- To make an eye splice with manila Figure Eight – used to prevent the end of
or synthetic lines, you must untwist line form unreeling through a block or
the strands in the end of your line eyebolt.
anywhere from 4 inches to 2 feet, Black Wall Hitch – used to secure a line
depending on the size of the line, to a hook quickly
and splice them into the standing
part of the line by tucking the Class 2 Knots- knots for binding two lines
unlaid strands from the end into together
the standing part.
Square or reef knot - used for tying reef
Short Splice points and bending lines together
- Lines are short spliced together Granny knot – usually mistaken for a
when a slight enlargement of the square knot. It will slip under strain.
diameter of the line is of no Sheet or becket bend (single) – used
importance. Slings are made of for bending line to becket and for bending
pieces of line, with their own ends lines of different sizes together.
short spliced together. Sheet or becket bend (double) - same
use as the sheet or becket bend (single)
FOUR CLASSES OF KNOTS Two bowlines – a safe and convenient
way of bending two hawsers together
 Carrick Bend – used to bend two three strands are bought back together, so
hawsers together – it noll not slip or jam, they can be laid up again.
and no matter how long the hawsers are Wire rope
in the water it can e easily untied - he basic unit of wire-rope
Reeving line bend – used to bend construction is the individual wire
together two lines that must reeve around made of steel or other metal in
a capstan or which drum. various sizes. These wires are laid
together to form strands.
Class 3 Knots - knots that secure a line - is made of annealed steel, traction
to a ring or spar (hitches or bends) steel, or improved plow steel. The
basic metal may be plain or
Fisherman’s Bend - used to secure a galvanized.
rope to a toupee or a hawsers to the ring
of a anchor
Tolling hitch - used to bend a line to a Deck Seamanship
spar or to the standing part of another line rigging is a large part of deck seamanship.
Round Turn and Two Half Hitches – The ship's standing rigging consists of
used to secure the end of a line made lines, wires, turnbuckles, and other gear
around any other object. supporting and attached to the stacks, the
Clove or Ratline Hitch – convenient for masts, and the topside structure. Running
making a line fast to a spar, the standing rigging includes the rigging used in
part of another line, or a bollard. hoisting and lowering heavy weights or in
Half hitch or two half hitch – used to positioning and operating movable deck
secure a line temporarily around any gear.
object
Stopper hitch – used to check a running Ground Tackles
line - Equipment used in anchoring and
Cats paw – used to secure a line to a mooring with anchors and buoy
hook. mooring with chain and
appendages.
Class 4 Knots - knots used to give
finished to the end of a line and to prevent Types Of Anchors
unreeling or for ornamental purposes. 1. Stockless Anchor
- Three designs of stockless
Wall knot - the reverse of a crown knot. anchors are in use on naval ships:
It is never used alone, but always as a commercial, standard Navy, and
part of a line. There are various the Mark 2.
combination of wall and crown knot. 2. Lightweight Anchor
Crown knot the simplest and best-known - Two types of lightweight anchors
knots in the end of a line. It is never used are used on Navy ships: the Mk 2
alone, but always as a part of some other LWT and the wedge block LWT
knot. anchor.
Manrope - combination of a double crown 3. Two-Fluke Balanced-Fluke Anchor
and wall not. An ornamental knot worked - used for anchoring some surface
in the end of gangway (handrails made of ships and the newer submarines
line) and is normally housed in the
Mathew Walker - the navy standard knot bottom of the ship. This anchor is
for the end of hammock jackstay. The used on certain combatant-type
 surface ships in place of a bower
anchor, which could interfere with Tools for Removing Rust and Old Paint
the ship's sonar dome.
4. Stock Anchor Scraper – used for removing rust on
- Old-fashioned, or stock, anchors plating surfaces.
have been abandoned by large Wire Brush – used as welded areas.
merchant and Navy ships because Sand Paper – used as abrasive to polish.
they are extremely cumbersome Chipping Hammer – used for thick rust.
and difficult to stow. Scaling Hammer or Jitterbug – never
5. Mushroom Anchor used in plating less than ¼ inch in
- Mushroom anchors are shaped thickness.
like a mushroom with a long Rotary Power Brush – it is operated by
narrow stem serving as the shank. compressed air.
Power Sander – it is also operated by
CHAIN AND APPENDAGES compressed air.
Rotary Chipping Tool.
Anchor chain is made up of many parts Blow Torch – satisfactory but should be
besides common links and requires a hot enough to blister the paint and to burn
variety of equipment and fittings to use wood underneath or to discolor paint.
and maintain the chain. The following is
the description: Types of Paint Brushes and Uses
● Detachable Links
● Chain Swivels Flat Paint Brush - large surface
● Chain Stopper Oval Sash and Trim Brush - small
● Mooring Shackle surface
● Mooring Swivels Fitch Brush - small and very small
● Clear Hawse Pendants surfaces
Oval Varnish Brush - rough
Flat Varnish Brush - medium work
Windlasses French Bristle Brush - high grade work
- are installed on board ships Lettering Brush -small surface & large
primarily for handling and securing work
the anchor and chain used for Painter Duster- cleaning work
anchoring the ship and for
handling anchor chain used for
towing the ship.
DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM
Deck fittings
- are the various devices attached to Damage Control
the hull that assist in handling the - Procedure that helps reduce the
ship. harmful effects of impairment to
the ship.
Paints and varnishes are also used to - Preserve the watertight integrity of
decorate surfaces. the ship.
- Make rapid repairs to damage gear
Preparing Surfaces for Painting- It is on structures.
necessary to remove all scale, grease, - Maintain the stability and
rust and moisture. maneuverability of the ship
 proper utilization of watertight integrity
features of the ships. The ships is divided
into compartments and its purpose are:
THE DIFFERENT DAMAGE CONTROL 1. Control flooding
SYSTEM 2. Segregate activities of
● Drainage and flooding system. personnel
● Fire Main and Sprinkling system. 3. Provide underwater
● Fuel and fresh water system. protection by means of tanks and voids.

Drainage used for: Bulkhead – a traverse or longitudinal

a. Removing large quantity partition that separate the compartment.
of water from compartment
b. Removing water from the Watertight bulkhead:
hull under normal operating condition. a. Heavier metal than ordinary
Flooding used for: bulkhead.
a. Flooding compartments b. Some area unpierced except
to balance the ship. with watertight door or piping and wiring.

THREE PRINCIPAL TYPES OF Collision Bulkhead:

DRAINAGE SYSTEM: a. Designed to protect flooding
through the ship.
1. Main drainage system – High b. Bow collision bulkhead is the
capacity and is made up of piping first transverse bulkhead aft of the stern.
and pumps that can move large c. The last transverse bulkhead aft
quantities of water in short time. is the collision bulkhead that protects the
2. Secondary drainage system –
Serves to drain small compartment after part of the ship.
forward and aft of the time
drainage system.
3. Main condenser circulatory
pumps – Can be used for Doors and Hatches- Enclosures for
emergency drainage of the engine bulkhead opening. They are constructed
room such they will be as structurally strong as
the bulkhead where they are installed.
Fire Main System – made up of piping ,
pumps, plugs, valves and controls 1. Watertight doors
designed to supply plenty of water for a. Used in watertight
fighting. bulkhead on second deck and below.
b. Designed to resist 1 ½
Fuel Fresh Water System – Consists of times as much pressure as the
tanks, filling lines and feed lines. This is bulkhead it
important in damage control because the services.
list and trim of the ship can be partially c. Has 6 to 12 dogs for
controlled by shifting contents of the securing.
tanks.
2.Non-watertight Doors
WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY- The progress a. Used on non-watertight
of damage control depends upon the bulkheads.
 b. Usually they have fewer dogs Condition Yoke – Set when enemy is
than watertight doors and are made of probable.
dogs which require individual a. Provide more protection than
protection. condition X-ray.
b. Set and maintained.
3. Hatches – are merely horizontal doors (1) When the ship is anchored
which are used for access through decks. in
unprotected port during wartime.
Closure Fitting And Gaskets: (2) At sea during wartime.
(3) Leaving/entering port
1.Gasket during peacetime.
a. Made of rubber installed on (4) At any other time during
doors and hatches. outside regular working hours.
b. Close against knife edges to
form a water tight fitting and form air and Condition Zebra – Set when enemy is
gas tight fitting. eminent.
c. Must be kept free of dirt and a. Provide the maximum degree of
grease. watertight integrity.
b. Set and maintain.
2.Knife edges (1) Before going to or entering
a. Built out from decks and port during wartime.
bulkheads. (2) Without further order when
b. Gasket on watertight doors and manning GQ station.
hatches close on knife edges.
Circle X-Ray – black X in a black circle.
3.Dogs and Pins Secured during condition X-Ray, Yoke
a. Pins – are used to connect and Zebra.
dogs to the deck or bulkheads.
b. Dogs – are used to make Circle Yoke – Black Y in a black circle.
closure. Secured during condition Yoke and Zebra.
a. Circle X and Circle Yoke maybe
Material Condition of Readiness – open without special authority when:
refers to the degree of access and (1) Going to a securing from
systems of closure to limit the extent of GQ station.
damage. (2) Transferring of ammo.

Condition X-Ray – Set when enemy is Circle Zebra – Red Z within red circle.
improbable. a. Secured during condition Zebra.
a. Provide less protection aboard b. May be open during prolonged
ship. period of GQ which is authorized by the
b. Set when no any danger attack CO only.
from enemy.
c. X-Ray fittings close when not in Dog Zebra – Red Z within a black D.
use. a. Secured during condition Z and
d. Set and maintained by division darken ship condition.
responsible for the operation of the ship. b. Applies to weather deck access not
equipped with darken ship switch or light
traps.
 b. All-purpose fire nozzles and
William – Black W applicators.
a. Special classification which is c. Foam equipment
kept open during all material condition. d. Fog sprays
b. Vital valve if secured would impair e. CO2 Rail system
the mobility and fire protection of the ship. f. Mechanical Foam Equipment
c. Applies to vital sea suction valve
supplying main and auxiliary condenser in SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:
fire flushing valve. The Navy believes in protecting its
fire fighter. This protection includes the
Circle William – Black W within a black use of the following:
circle. 1. Oxygen Breathing
a. Open as William but secured and apparatus (OBA)
is used for defense against NBC attack. 2. Asbestos Suits
b. Applies to ventilation fittings. 3. Hose (Air line) Mask
4. Life line
Fire- combination of FUEL, OXYGEN,
HEAT GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTION
1. Three (3) general rules to good fire
Classification of fire and remedy: prevention:
a. Keep things clean. Shipshape
1. Class A - Involves common and in their right places.
combustible materials like papers, woods, b. Keep flammable materials
ropes, canvass etc. Best remedy is solid (gasoline, oily rags, paints, etc) away from
stream or water spray. fire starting things (torches, cigarettes,
2. Class B - Involving flammable liquids sparking equipment, heated areas). Do
and gases. not take open flames near gasoline tank.
3.Class C - Involved energized electrical Do not bring cleaning fluid near torch.
equipment. First choice is CO2. Last c. Keep the correct fire fighting
resort is water fog. But is harmful to equipment in the right places and in good
equipment and dangerous to personnel. condition.
4.Class D - Involves combustible metal
such as thermite, sodium and magnesium. 2. Fuel oil – Fuel oil itself is non-explosive
a. Thermite fire - has no known and very difficult to ignite, and is normally
extinguishing agent. Flooding the incapable of spontaneous combustion.
surrounding may help Fuel oil vapor however is heavier than air
b. Magnesium fire - CO2 has no and it will accumulate in bulges and
effect. Water fog is effective. bottoms of tanks where it remains
c. Sodium Fire - Use dry chemical. undiscovered until ignited by a naked light
FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT: or spark.
Firefighting equipment are classified into:
1. Portable - can be carried to the 3. Static Electricity:
scene of fire. Contained in a cylindrical - is produced when gasoline or
bottle. similar flammable liquids flow
2. Installed - are permanently or semi- through hose, poured from one
permanently fitted on a ship and include receptacle to another passed thru
the following: a filter or even splashed around a
a. Fire Main System can. Enough static electricity can
 accumulate to cause a spark which
can result in fire and explosion.

4. Electrical Equipment:

Honors
The following requirements are particularly
not applicable where work with electricity
is being carried on.
a. Gasoline and similar flammable
cleaning fluids are not used on either
energized or de-energized electrical
apparatus.
b. Alcohol is not used for cleaning
equipment. It damages most types of
insulating varnishes.
d. Oil, grease, carbon dust, etc can be
ignited by electrical spark. Machinery is to
be kept absolutely clean and free of all
such deposit.