ROTC MS2 (REVIEWER)

I. NAVAL ORGANIZATION SUPPORT UNITS

Naval Intelligence & Security Force
THE PHILIPPINE NAVY Philippine Navy Finance Center
Naval Logistics Center
FOUR-FOLD MISSION: Manila Naval Hospital
1. National Defense Cavite Naval Hospital
2. Security Operations Bonifacio Naval Station
3. Deterrence Headquarters Philippine Navy & Headquarters
4. National Development Support Group
Navy’s Role: Philippine Fleet
1. The Navy shall defend the territory from Mission: “To prepare and operate assigned
external aggression. forces for naval operations in order to support the
2. The Navy shall continue its role of securing PN accomplish its mission.”
the Philippine maritime areas from all forms of
intrusions, encroachment, piracy and drug FUNCTIONS
trafficking. 1. To provide assets that will conduct continuous
3. The Navy shall assist other government naval patrol, sea control and amphibious
agencies in protecting our marine resources operations in order to defend the sovereignty
and environment. of the country, its territorial waters and
4. The Navy shall continue to assist in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) from foreign
conduct of rescue and relief operations not aggression, intrusion and exploitation.
only during accidents at sea but even during 2. To assist in the conduct of national security
natural calamities in land such as operations and ensure safety and security of
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and floods. coastal areas.
5. The Navy shall continue assisting in national 3. Employ assets to assist in the conduct of
socio-economic development. disaster response, particularly maritime
6. The Navy, as it acquires new and more potent search and rescue and patrol sealift and other
assets, will be an effective instrument of the type of operations as directed.
government in fulfilling various security-
related international commitments. ⮚ Home of the sailors

History: ⮚ Home of the fighting ships

⮚ 1898 - The Philippine Revolutionary Navy ⮚ Has major units namely: Offshore Combat
Force, Sealift Amphibious, Littoral Combat
⮚ 1939 - The Off Shore Patrol
Force and Fleet Support Group and special
⮚ 1947 - Philippine Naval Patrol units, NAG, NAVSOG and FTDC

⮚ 1951 - Philippine Navy Philippine Marine Corps

Mission: “To provide combined armed units in the
TYPE COMMAND conduct of amphibious warfare and such other
Lakas Dagatnin ng Pilipinas operations in order to accomplish the mission of
Philippine Marine Corps the Philippine Navy.”
⮚ Rapid deployment
OPERATIONAL COMMANDS
NAV FORNORLUZON ⮚ Amphibious strike force
NAV FORSOULUZON
NAV FORWES ⮚ Small but highly mobile
NAV FORCEN
NAV FORWESMindanao ⮚ Hard-hitting
NAV FOREASTMindanao
⮚ Superbly trained
Fleet - Marine Ready Force

SUPPORT COMMANDS PHILIPPINE NAVY ORGANIZATION

Naval Sea Systems Command
Naval Education & Training Command Support Commands
Naval Reserve Command Naval Education Training and Doctrine Command
Naval Construction Brigade (NETDC)
Naval Base Cavite Naval Sea Systems Command (NSSC)
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Naval Reserve Command (NRC)

⮚ N7 - CMO
Naval Installation Command (NIC)
Naval Construction Engineering Brigade ⮚ N8 - Education and Training
(NCEBde)
⮚ N9 - Reservists and Retirees Affairs
Support Units
Naval Intelligence and Security Force (NISF) ⮚ N10 - Ships and Yards
Philippine Navy Finance Center (PNFC)
Naval Logistics Center (NLC) Special and Technical Staff
Bonifacio Naval Station (BNS)
Manila Naval Hospital (MNH) ⮚ Naval Adjutant
Cavite Naval Hospital (CNH) ⮚ Naval Provost Marshal
Headquarters Philippine Navy and Headquarters
Support Group (HPN& HSG) ⮚ Naval Health Service

⮚ Naval Judge Advocate

HEADQUARTERS PHILIPPINE NAVY
⮚ Naval Chaplain
⮚ VADM TORIBIO ADACI JR PN - Highest
Naval Officer. He executes the command ⮚ Naval Civil Engineer
functions in relation to Naval strategy, tactics
and operations. He also act as the immediate
advisor to the Chief of Staff, AFP. He is
responsible for the planning development and
execution of Naval Defense in the country.
⮚ RADM CAESAR BERNARD N VALENCIA
PN - He is the Deputy Commander of the
Navy. He assists the FOIC and performs II. SHIP ORGANIZATION
functions in his absence.
⮚ RADM ADELUIS S BORDADO PN - He
exercises general supervision over the central
staff, special and technical staff and perform
other duties that the FOIC may assign.

Personal Staff
⮚ Naval Modernization Office (NMO)

⮚ Naval Public Information Office (NPIO)

⮚ Command Master Chief Petty Officer

(CMCPO)
⮚ Flag Secretary
The Commanding Officer
⮚ The Naval Inspector General (TNIG) - A line officer who, by virtue of his training and
experience is assigned by the FOIC, PN with
Central Staff a responsibility to command a ship.
⮚ N1 - Administrative and Personnel - No matter what his rank is, he is called
“Captain”
⮚ N2 - Intelligence - He is charge with absolute responsibility for
the safety, well-being and efficient operation
⮚ N3 - Operations of his command.
- His specific duties, responsibilities and
⮚ N4 - Logistics
authority are set forth in the AFP and PN
⮚ N5 - Plans and Programs regulations, customs and traditions of naval
service.
⮚ N6 - CEIS
The Executive Officer
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- Designated second in command of the ship. list; training of ship's personnel in damage
- In the absence of the CO, he becomes the control including fire fighting, and
acting CO and he must be prepared to emergency repairs; and, operation, care
assume command. and maintenance of auxiliary machinery
- Primarily responsible for the administration of piping and drainage systems, shop repair
the ship and personnel, overall training, daily facilities and the repair of hull and boats.
routine, and the maintenance of good order b. Repair Officer - He is responsible for
and discipline in the entire command. planning, scheduling, accomplishing and
- The entire department heads report to him for inspecting works to ensure its timely and
all matters pertaining to the internal satisfactory completion; establishment of
administration of the command. an adequate job order system; and,
preparation of estimated funds required for
Operations Officer work to be performed.
- Responsible under the Commanding
Officer for the collection, evaluation and Deck Officer (First Lieutenant)
dissemination of combat and operational - He is responsible for the preservation and
information required for the assigned mission cleanliness of the exterior of the ship except
and tasks of the ship. that part assigned to another department;
- The following officers, if assigned or operation, care and maintenance of the
designated, whose duties are indicated, ground tackle, mooring lines and related
reports to the Operations Officer: equipment, ship's boats, except boat
a. Combat Information Center (CIC) Officer machinery, and of the life rafts and other
- He is responsible for the collection and lifesaving equipment; towing gears and
dissemination of combat and equipment, rigging, gangways, fuelling and
operational information; operation, care provisioning at sea gears and other deck
and maintenance of equipment CIC appurtenances
equipment except those assigned to other - He is also responsible for the preservation of
officers; training of CIC personnel; and, equipment related to deck seamanship
control of aircraft, when assigned. including those involved in loading and
b. Communications Officer - He is unloading operations; planning and execution
responsible for supervising the receipt, of deck seamanship evolutions and
transmission and routing of ship's operations including anchoring, mooring,
messages; operation and maintenance of fuelling and replenishment at sea;
visual and electronic communications - He supervises loading, unloading and
equipment; proper handling and control of stowage of cargo; and, supervising operation
all registered publications; and, the of paint, sail and boatswain's lockers as well
maintenance of communications security as garbage disposal.
which includes crypto, transmission and
physical security. Gunnery Officer
- He is responsible for the conduct of gunfire;
Engineering Officer operation, care and maintenance of all guns
- Responsible to the Commanding Officer for including designation and fire control
the operation, care and maintenance of all equipment and associated ordnance; and,
propulsion and auxiliary equipment; the training of gunnery personnel and gun crews.
control of damage; and the accomplishment of - If no other officer is assigned or designated,
repairs. the Deck/Gunnery Officer performs the
- The following officers, if assigned or following collateral duties:
designated, whose duties are indicated, a. Cargo Officer
reports to the Engineering Officer: b. Special Service Officer
a. Damage Control Officer - He is c. Athletic Officer
responsible for prevention and control of
damage including control of stability, list Mess and Supply Officer
and trim; placing the ship in proper - Responsible to the Commanding Officer for
condition of closure as ordered by the CO; procuring, receiving, storing, issuing, shipping,
coordination and supervision of transferring, accounting and while in his
compartment tests for tightness; custody, maintaining all stores, provisions and
maintenance of bills for control of stability; equipment of the command.
posting of correct compartment check-off
Chief Master-at-Arms (CMAA)
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- Assists the OOD in the execution of ship's

⮚ Petty Officer – a term that applies to an
routine
- Supervises extra duty men and men individual in the pay grade E4 to E7
performing punishments, the rigging and
unrigging for church, movies and other special
PN Enlisted Rating Structures
functions and the preparation of delinquency
reports; maintains a lucky bag; furnishes BM - Boatswain’s Mate (Crossed Anchors)
escorts for the CO, EXO and visitors as - Train and supervise personnel in all activities
directed; renders 8 o'clock reports if not relating to marlinespike, deck and boat
designated to BMW or DPOW; seamanship, and the maintenance of the
- Ensures the safety and welfare of prisoners at ship’s external structure and deck equipment.
the brig, frequent inspections of the ship, that - Act as petty officers in charge of small craft
ship's regulations and instructions pertaining and may perform duties as master-at arms,
visitors are adhered to and the presence of serve in or take charge of gun crews and
masters-at-arms at all mess lines, pay lines, damage control parties.
store lines, captain's masts and courts-martial,
at scenes of emergencies and other official GM - Gunner’s Mate (Crossed Cannons)
gathering of personnel. - Navy GMs operate, maintain and repair all
gunnery equipment, guided-missile launching
Philippine Navy Ranks, Rates, Ratings and systems, rocket launchers, guns, gun mounts,
Insignias Terminologies turrets, projectors and associated equipment.
- They make detailed casualty analyses and
⮚ Rating – is a term used in the Navy to identify repairs of electrical, electronic, hydraulic and
an occupational specialty that is based on mechanical systems.
aptitude, training, experience, knowledge and - Also test and inspect ammunition, missiles
skills of an individual. and their ordnance components.
- GMs train and supervise personnel in the
⮚ Rate – is the term used to identify the level of
handling and stowage of ammunition, missiles
achievement and expertise within the and assigned ordnance equipment.
individual’s rating. Rate may also be called
pay grade within a rating. QM - Quartermaster (Ship’s Helm)
- QMs assist the navigator and officer of the
⮚ Rank – is the combined rate and rating of an
deck (OOD), steer the ship, take radar
individual. bearings and ranges, and make depth
⮚ Unrated/Non-rated/Unclassified – a term soundings and celestial observations, plot
courses and command small craft.
used to identify an individual who has not yet
- They maintain charts, navigational aids and
been classified for a particular rating. His rank
oceanographic publications and records for
would carry an initial (UN). Ex: ASN(UN)
the ship’s log reports. They maintain files and
⮚ Striker – a term that applies to an individual in service records.
the pay grade E1 to E3.
ET - Electronics Technician (Helium Atom)
- Responsible for electronic equipment used to
send and receive messages, detect enemy
planes and ships, and determine target
distances.
- Must maintain, repair, calibrate, tune and
adjust all electronic equipment used for
communications, detection and tracking,
recognition and identification, navigation and
electronic countermeasures.

DK - Disbursing Clerk (Key on Check)

- Maintain the financial records of Navy
personnel. They prepare payrolls, determine
transportation entitlements, and compute
travel allowances and process claims for
reimbursement of travel expenses.
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- Process vouchers for receiving and spending - Responsible for the internal combustion
public money and ensure accounting data is engines, diesel or gasoline, to be kept in good
accurate. They maintain fiscal records and order. They also maintain refrigeration, air-
prepare financial reports and returns. conditioning, distilling-plant engines and
compressors.
SK - Storekeeper (Crossed Keys)
- Navy’s supply clerks. They see that needed MR - Machinery Repairman (Micrometer and
supplies are available including everything Gear)
from clothing and machine parts to forms and - Skilled machine tool operators. They make
food. SKs have duties as civilian replacement parts and repair or overhaul a
warehousemen, purchasing agents, stock ship’s engine auxiliary equipment, such as
clerks and supervisors, retail sales clerks, evaporators, air compressors and pumps.
store managers, inventory clerks, buyers, They repair deck equipment, including
parts clerks, bookkeepers and even fork lift winches and hoists, condensers and heat
operators. exchange devices. Shipboard MRs frequently
operates main propulsion machinery, besides
YN - Yeoman (Crossed Quills) performing machine shop and repair duties.
- YNs perform secretarial and clerical work.
They deal with visitors, telephone calls and BU - Builder (Carpenter’s square on plumb
incoming mail. bob)
- YNs organize files and operate copy - Navy builders are like civilian construction
machines and order and distribute supplies. workers. They are skilled carpenters,
They write and type business and social plasterers, roofers, cement finishers, asphalt
letters, notices, directives, forms and reports. workers, masons, painters, bricklayers, and
They maintain files and service records. sawmill operators or cabinetmakers. BUs
build and repair all types of structures
DT - Dental Technician (“D” on Caduceus) including: piers, bridges, towers, underwater
- Navy dentists, like many civilian ones, are installations, schools, offices, houses and
assisted by dental technicians. DTs have a other buildings.
variety of “chair side,” laboratory and
administrative duties. Some are qualified in PH - Photographer’s Mate
making and fitting artificial teeth; dental X-ray - PHs photograph actual and simulated battle
techniques; clinical laboratory required. operations and make photo records of historic
and newsworthy events for the Navy. They
HM - Hospital Corpsman (Caduceus) expose and process light-sensitive negatives
- Assists medical professionals in providing and positives, maintain cameras, related
health care to service people and their equipment, photo files and records and
families. They serve as pharmacists, medical perform other photographic services for the
technicians, food service personnel, nurse’s Navy.
aids, physician’s or dentist’s assistants,
battlefield medics, X-ray technicians and AD - Aviation Machinist’s Mate
more. - Usually, ADs are assigned to billets
- An HM’s work falls into several categories: concerned with maintaining turbo-jet aircraft
first aid and minor surgery, patient engines and associated equipment or to any
transportation, patient care, prescriptions one of several types of aircraft maintenance
and laboratory work, food service activities. ADs maintain service, adjust and
inspections and clerical duties. replace aircraft engines and accessories, as
well as perform the duties of flight engineers.
EM - Electrician’s Mate (Globe with Longitude
and Latitude Lines) Other Ratings found in PN:
- Responsible for the operation and repair of ▪ MU - Musician’s Mate
ships or station’s electrical power plant and
electrical. They also maintain and repair ▪ RM - Radioman (Four Sparks)
power and lighting circuits, distribution
switchboards, generators, motors and other ▪ DC - Damage Control man (Crossed fire
electrical equipment. axe and maul)
EN - Engineman (Gear) ▪ DP - Data Processing (Quill on gear)
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honors to Commanding Officer/Boat Captain

▪ EO - Equipment Operator (Bulldozer)
Senior in rank.
III. NAVAL CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
Other honors
HONORS
1. Salute ▪ The arrival/departure of the ship’s Captain is
- The purpose for this movement, is to usually announced at the PA system. He is
demonstrate mutual respect and courtesy always piped when he boards or leaves the
between members of military organizations ship
and to show respect to National Colors ▪ Nobody is allowed to sit in the Captain’s Chair
- There are one counts involved with this
movement. at the bridge unless offered.
- This movement is executed when halted at ▪ In boarding the ship, Junior goes first. In
Attention, marching at Quick Time, or seated disembarking, senior goes first.
in a vehicle.
- commands for this movement are “ HAND, ▪ Navy Officers eat in the place called
SALUTE”, “READY, TWO” “Wardroom”
Honors to the Flag ▪ Side boys are detailed in the quarter deck to
a. Colors – paying honors to the flag; hoisted in welcome a distinguished visitor:
the morning and lowered in the afternoon.
⮚ CAPT AND BELOW – 4 side boys
⮚ For ships not underway and Shore
⮚ COMMO TO REAR ADMIRAL – 6 side
Commands:
boys
▪ Sunrise – Morning Colors
⮚ VICE ADMIRAL UP – 8 side boys
▪ Sunset – Evening Colors
CUSTOMS
⮚ For ships underway:
National ensign is raised/lowered at the mast; the Bridge Customs
jack flag is not raised. Bridge is the center of operations of the ship
while underway. If CO is present, appropriate
Shifting colors greetings must be rendered.
- When ship leaves the pier or weighs her
anchor, shifts the National Ensign from the Procedure in Entering/Leaving the Ship:
flag gaff to mast. The national Ensign is then ⮚ At the gangway – if the National ensign is
called steaming ensign. Jack Flag is lowered
at the same time. flying, turn aft before getting aboard and
- When ship arrives at the pier or anchors: salute the ensign. Upon boarding, before
striking the ship’s deck, render another salute
Shifts the National from mast to flag gaff. Jack
to the OOD or his/her representative by
flag is raised at the same time.
saying “Request permission to come aboard
Sir.” For disembarking, it is done in a reverse
b. Honors Rendered by Merchant Ships
manner.
(Dipping)
Merchant ships salute navy ships by dipping ⮚ When boarding in-group – only the one in
their ensign. Navy Ships respond by lowering charge shall render salute.
the steaming ensign to half-mast for a few
seconds then close it up. After which, the Crossing the Nest
merchant ship may raise again her flag. - Usually done when your ship is in nest with
other ships
c. Passing Honors
- Honors exchange between two ships or boats Boarding - Salute the colors and OOD of inboard
when comes close aboard (Distance: Ships: ship Say “Request Permission to cross” until you
600 yds.) reach your own ship
(Boats: 400 yds.)
- Ships/boats who’s Commanding Officer/Boat Half Masting - Tribute to the dead.
Captain is junior in rank renders passing Basic Rule for Boats and Vehicles: “SENIORS
ARE LAST IN, FIRST OUT”
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Divine Services
⮚ Church pennant is flown at the mast IV. SEAMANSHIP
⮚ All persons within the area are required to MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
uncover including watches The art of handling and working all kinds of
fiber and wire rope. It includes every variety of
Sick Bay - Observe Wardroom Etiquette knotting, splicing, serving, and fancy work.
Officers and CPO Country - Includes ● Use line for tying up during mooring and
staterooms, mess hall for CPO’s, wardroom and docking and for rigging aloft or over the side
living spaces: during painting details.
⮚ EP are not allowed to enter unless on official ● Use wire rope during replenishment of
business. supplies and for highline transfers. These are
⮚ NOT used as passageways or shortcuts only a few of the jobs that require to use line
or wire rope; there are many more.

Rope - manufactured from wire, fiber, and

NAVAL TERMS AND PHRASEOLOGIES combinations of the two.
o Aye-Aye - a reply to an order to indicate that
it is understood and will be carried out Fiber rope - commonly called as line is
o Billet allotted sleeping place - also a man s fashioned from natural or synthetic fibers.
location in the ships organization
o Black Gang - slang for the engineering force In the Navy, sailors refer to fiber rope as
o Bear Hand - cooperation among the ships line, whereas they refer to wire rope as rope, wire
company rope, or just wire. More clearly defined, a line is a
o All Hands - entire ship’s company piece of rope, either fiber or synthetic, that is in
o Boot - slang for new recruit use or has been cut for a specific purpose, such
as a lifeline, heaving line, or lead line.
o Coxswain - enlisted men in charge of a boat
o Field day - general cleaning day aboard ship, Construction of Line
usually a day before inspection Line currently used in the Navy may be
o Flag Officer - an officer with the rank of three-strand line, braided, or plaited. In three-
COMMODORE and above strand line, fibers are twisted into yarns or
o Gangway - opening in the bulwarks: order to threads, the yarns are twisted in the opposite
stand a while and get out of way direction into strands, and the strands are twisted
o General Quarters - battle station for all hands in the first direction, making line. Taking the
o Java - slang for coffee time process further, lines are twisted into cable. Line
o Jump ship - slang for leaving the ship without can have various numbers of strands, and the
authority/permission direction the strands are twisted determines the
o Lucky bag - stowage of article found adrift lay of the line. That is, if the strands are twisted to
o Passageway - corridor the right, the line is said to be right-laid.
o Pipe down - an order to keep silent
Use and Care of Line
o Pass the word - to repeat an order or
information to the crew ● Coil right-laid line right-handed or clockwise.
o Sea dog - an old sailor Flake down braided and plaited line.
o Sea lawyer - enlisted men who likes to argue;
● Keep line from touching stays, guys, or other
usually one who thinks he can twist the
regulations and standing order to favor his standing rigging.
personal inclinations ● When surging line around bitts, take off
o Skag - slang for cigarettes
enough turns so the line does not jerk but
o Ship-shape - term for a neat and orderly
surges smoothly.
condition
o Sickbay - ships hospital or dispensary ● If line becomes chafed or damaged, cut and
o Skippy - slang for undershirt splice. A good splice is safer than a damaged
o Secure - to make fast; to tie; an order given in section. However, do not cut a line without
completion of a drill or exercise meaning to your supervisor's permission.
withdraw from drill station and duties
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You can use a hitch to secure a line to a

● Do not lubricate the line.
hook, ring or spar. We will describe various
● Whip all line ends. hitches in this section. A hitch differs from a knot
in that it ordinarily is tied to a ring, around a spar
● Inspect natural fiber line frequently for or stanchion, or around another line. It is not tied
deterioration. Open the lay and inspect the back on itself to form an eye or to bend two lines
fibers. White, powdery residue indicates together.
internal wear.
EYESPLICE
● Dragging a line over sharp or rough objects To make an eye splice with manila or
cuts or breaks the outer fibers. When line is synthetic lines, you must untwist the strands in
dragged on the ground, other particles are the end of your line anywhere from 4 inches to 2
picked up and eventually work into the line, feet, depending on the size of the line, and splice
cutting the inner strands. them into the standing part of the line by tucking
the unlaid strands from the end into the standing
● Natural fiber line exposed to the atmosphere part.
deteriorates about 30% in 2 years from
weathering alone. Natural fiber line received SHORTSPLICE
from supply that is 3 years old should be Lines are short spliced together when a
returned to supply noting uneconomical to slight enlargement of the diameter of the line is of
use. no importance. Slings are made of pieces of line,
with their own ends short spliced together.
SMALL STUFF
- Line 1 1/2 inches or less in circumference. Its FOUR CLASSES OF KNOTS
size specification is governed by the number Class 1 Knots - knots in the end of line, used in
of yarns it contains (called threads in this fastening a line upon itself or around an object
instance). Small Stuff
⮚ Overhand Knot – used in making other
USE OF SMALL STUFF knots. Never used alone
Round line is three-strand, right-laid tarred
hemp is used for seizing and servings on ships ⮚ Bowline - a temporary eye in the end of a
where neatness is required. line. It will not slip or jam.
Sail twine is small stuff laid up right-
handed by machine, like regular line, but it is not ⮚ Running bowline – a convenient form of
much larger than fishing line is used for servings running an eye. Formed by making a bowline
when a fancier job than can be done with marline over its own standing part.
is desired. ⮚ Bowline on a bight – used to sling a man
Cod line is the light, white line formerly
used in hammock clews (lines for suspending a over the side. It will not slip and constrict him
hammock) is used for decorative purposes. ⮚ French Bowline – has the same purpose as
SECURING ENDS the bowline on a bight. It gives two loops that
Never leave the end of a line dangling can be adjusted to fit.
loose without a whipping to prevent it from ⮚ Spanish bowline - Can be used wherever it
unlaying. The end of line will begin to unlay of its
is desirable to have two eyes in the line. Its
own accord. To prevent fraying, you should put a
primary purpose however is, as a substitute
temporary plain whipping on with anything, even
for the boatswain’s chair.
a rope yarn.
⮚ Sheepshank – used to shorten a rope in
KNOTS
three parts, and half hitch each part around
The bowline is a good knot with many
the bight of the other two parts
uses. It is used whenever a loop is needed, such
as in making a temporary eye in a mooring line. ⮚ Cat’s Paw - a double loop formed by twisting
According to a Seaman's use of the term knot, the two bights of a rope. The hook of a tackle is
line usually is bent to itself. The knot forms an eye passed through them.
or knob or secures a cord or line around an
object, such as a package. ⮚ Figure Eight – used to prevent the end of line
form unreeling through a block or eyebolt
BENDING TO A HOOK, RING OR SPAR
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line. There is various combination of wall and

⮚ Black Wall Hitch – used to secure a line to a
crown knot.
hook quickly
⮚ Crown knot - the simplest and best-known
Class 2 Knots - Knots for binding two lines knots in the end of a line. It is never used
together alone, but always as a part of some other
⮚ Square or reef knot - used for tying reef knot.
points and bending lines together ⮚ Manrope - combination of a double crown
⮚ Granny knot – usually mistaken for a square and wall not. An ornamental knot worked in
the end of gangway (handrails made of line)
knot. It will slip under strain.
⮚ Mathew Walker - the navy standard knot for
⮚ Sheet or becket bends (single) – used for
the end of hammock jackstay. The three
bending line to becket and for bending lines of strands are bought back together, so they can
different sizes together. be laid up again.
⮚ Sheet or becket bend (double) - same use
as the sheet or becket bend (single)
⮚ Two bowlines – a safe and convenient way Wire Rope
of bending two hawsers together The basic unit of wire-rope
construction is the individual wire made of
⮚ Carrick Bend – used to bend two hawsers steel or other metal in various sizes. These
together – it will not slip or jam, and no matter wires are laid together to form strands.
how long the hawsers are in the water it can The number of wires in a strand varies
be easily untied according to the purpose for which the rope is
intended. A number of strands are laid together to
⮚ Reeving line bend – used to bend together form the wire rope itself.
two lines that must reeve around a capstan or Wire rope is designated by the number of
which drum. strands per rope and the number of wires per
strand. Thus, a 6 X 19 rope has 6 strands with 19
Class 3 Knots - knots that secure a line to a ring wires per strand, but has the same outside
or spar (hitches or bends) diameter as a 6 X 37 wire rope, which has 6
⮚ Fisherman’s Bend - used to secure a rope to strands with 37 wires of much smaller size per
strand.
a toupee or a hawsers to the ring of an anchor
Wire rope is made of annealed steel,
⮚ Tolling hitch - used to bend a line to a spar traction steel, or improved plow steel. The basic
or to the standing part of another line metal may be plain or galvanized.

⮚ Round Turn and Two Half Hitches – used to

secure the end of a line made around any DECK SEAMANSHIP
other object. In general, rigging is a large part of deck
seamanship. The ship's standing rigging
⮚ Clove or Ratline Hitch – convenient for consists of lines, wires, turnbuckles, and other
making a line fast to a spar, the standing part gear supporting and attached to the stacks, the
of another line, or a bollard. masts, and the topside structure. Running rigging
includes the rigging used in hoisting and lowering
⮚ Half hitch or two half hitch – used to secure
heavy weights or in positioning and operating
a line temporarily around any object movable deck gear.
⮚ Stopper hitch – used to check a running line
Ground Tackles
⮚ Cats paw – used to secure a line to a hook. Equipment used in anchoring and mooring
with anchors and buoy mooring with chain and
Class 4 Knots - knots used to give finished to the appendages. The following are defined as ground
end of a line and to prevent unreeling or for tackle:
ornamental purposes. ● Anchor chain, wire rope, synthetic line, or
⮚ Wall knot - the reverse of a crown knot. It is combinations of these materials, when used
never used alone, but always as a part of a with anchors
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some of the equipment associated with using and

● Appendages consisting of connecting
maintaining the chain.
shackles or links, detachable links, pear- 1. Detachable Links
shaped links, end links, bending shackles, 2. Chain Swivels
mooring shackles, mooring swivels, 3. Chain Stopper
detachable-link tool sets, clear hawse 4. Mooring Shackle
pendants, dip ropes, chain stoppers, 5. Mooring Swivels
wrenches for chain stoppers, outboard swivel 6. Clear Hawse Pendants
shots, chain cable jacks, mooring hooks,
chain hooks, anchor bars, and anchor buoys.
ANCHOR WINDLASS
Types of Anchor Windlasses are installed on board ships
Anchors used in the Navy today are primarily for handling and securing the anchor
grouped according to type. The most common and chain used for anchoring the ship and for
types used are stockless anchors, lightweight handling anchor chain used for towing the ship.
(LWT) or stock-incrown anchors, and two-
fluke balanced-fluke anchors. Stock anchors
(old-fashioned) and mushroom anchors are no DECK FITTINGS
longer specified as a part of Navy ship ground Deck fittings are the various devices attached
tackle. to the hull that assist in handling the ship.

1. Stockless Anchor PAINTING

Three designs of stockless anchors are in use on The protection of metal surfaces is the chief
naval ships: commercial, standard Navy, and objectives of painting done aboard ship. Paints
the Mark 2. and varnishes are also used to decorate surfaces.
The only effective protection against rust is good
2. Lightweight Anchor paint properly applied to metal surface that have
Two types of lightweight anchors are used on been carefully prepared for painting.
Navy ships: the Mk 2 LWT and the wedge block
LWT anchor. Preparing Surfaces for Painting
Even the most expensive paint is of little value if it
3. Two-Fluke Balanced-Fluke Anchor is applied on an insecure foundation. Loose old
Used for anchoring some surface ships and the paint, rush, dirt, dust, moisture of grease on any
newer submarines and is normally housed in the surface will prevent new paint from adhering to.
bottom of the ship. This anchor is used on certain Before painting steel, it is necessary to remove all
combatant-type surface ships in place of a bower scale, grease, rust and moisture. Rust spreads
anchor, which could interfere with the ship's sonar even if it is covered by paint. Painting rusty
dome. surface causes paint to flake off. Rust and old
4. Stock Anchor paint may be removed in several ways depending
Old-fashioned, or stock, anchors have been on the thickness of the coating, thickness of steel
abandoned by large merchant and Navy ships underneath, and materials stored on either side of
because they are extremely cumbersome and steel plating.
difficult to stow. Tools for Removing Rust and Old Paints
5. Mushroom Anchor ● Scraper – used for removing rust on plating
Mushroom anchors are shaped like a surfaces.
mushroom with a long narrow stem serving as
the shank. ● Wire Brush – used as welded areas.

● Sand Paper – used as abrasive to polish.

CHAIN AND APPENDAGES
Navy anchor chain of the flash butt ● Chipping Hammer – used for thick rust.
welded type is the Navy standard for new ship
● Scaling Hammer or Jitterbug – never used
constructions and replaces die-lock chain as
required for back fit. An anchor chain is made up in plating less than ¼ inch in thickness.
of many parts besides common links and requires ● Rotary Power Brush – it is operated by
a variety of equipment and fittings to use and
compressed air.
maintain the chain. The following descriptions will
acquaint you with the details of anchor chain and
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● Power Sander – it is also operated by

compressed air.
● Rotary Chipping Tool.

● Blow Torch – satisfactory but should be hot

enough to blister the paint and to burn wood
underneath or to discolor paint.

Types of Paint Brushes and Uses

● Flat Paint Brush - large surface

● Oval Sash and Trim Brush - small surface

● Fitch Brush - small and very small surfaces

● Oval Varnish Brush - rough

● Flat Varnish Brush - medium work

● French Bristle Brush - high grade work

● Lettering Brush -small surface & large work

● Painter Duster - cleaning work

Proper Cleaners for Brushes with Different

Finishes
● Oil base paints and varnishes -- turpentine or
mineral spirits
● Water based paint--------------- water

● Shellac----------------------------- alcohol

● Lacquer --------------------------- lacquer thinner

● Enamel Paint ---------------------- paint thinner