ARTAPP 103 industrial art, civic art,

commercial art, graphic art,

Introduction to Arts agricultural and fishery art.

ART is the trait, creation, b.) SANCHEZ (2002)

representation, or area of Art consists of visual arts,
interest, in accordance to literature, drama and theatre,
aesthetic principles, of what is music, and dance. Classified into
appealing, delightful, or of two (2):
extraordinary, noteworthy and
momentous. 1.) Graphic Arts

ART is a diverse range of human • includes drawing, painting,

activities in creating visual, photography, graphic arts, and
auditory or performing artifacts commercial arts which
(artworks), expressing the portrayals of forms and symbols
author’s imaginative, conceptual are two-dimensional.
idea, or technical skill, intended
2.) Plastic Arts
to be appreciated for their
beauty or emotional power. • comprise all fields of visual arts
for which materials arranged in
Meaning and Importance of Art:
three-dimensional forms namely,
“artis” - Italian Word structural architecture, interior
- Human creative skill arranging, crafts, sculpture,
- Craftsmanship industrial design, dress and
- Skill costume design and theatre design.
- Inventiveness
c.) ESTOLAS (1995)
- Mastery of form
- Association of the use of forms 1. VISUAL ARTS
and ideas • graphic arts and plastic arts.
- Utilization of materials and
techniques 2. PERFORMING ARTS
• theatre, play, dance, music.
Aryan Civilization
“ ar “ – means to join or put 3. LITERARY ARTS
together • short stories, novels, poetry,
dramas.
Latin word
“ ars “ – implying ability or skill 4. POPULAR ARTS •films, newspapers,
magazines, radio, television
Greek words
“ artizein “ – implies to prepare 5. GUSTATORY ARTS
“ arkiskein “ – denotes to put • food preparation, beverage
together preparation.

THE SCOPE OF ART: 6. DECORATIVE OR APPLIED ARTS

• beautification of houses, offices,
A.) MANAOIS structures and cars.
Two (2) general dimensions of d.) PANIZO & RUSTIA (1995)
arts
• Classified arts into major divions:
1.) FINE ARTS or INDEPENDENT ARTS
1.) According to purpose:
• made principally for aesthetic
enjoyment through senses, a) Practical or useful arts
especially visual and auditory • directed to produce crafts for
such as painting, sculpture, the fulfilment of human needs. Some
architecture, literature, theater of the examples include basket
and performing arts. making, cloth weaving, embroidery,
2.) PRACTICAL ARTS or UTILITARIAN iron and metal crafts, pottery
ARTS and ceramics, tin can and bottle
manufacturing, etc.
• intended for practical use or the
development of raw materials for b) Liberal Arts
functional purposes such as
• focused towards intellectual connected.
growth. The study of philosophy, - Humanities Helps us to see the
psychology, literature, improvement and evolution of
mathematics, and sciences are few human life.
examples. - Everything that was done before
are the start of what we have
c) Fine Arts
today.
• concentrated towards creative
Humanities
activities for the contemplation of
- are academic disciplines that
the mind and upliftment of spirit. study aspects of human society
Painting, sculpture, drawing, and and culture.
architecture are some of the
examples. The study of humanities is often
used to designate the non-scientific
d) Major Arts
scholarly disciplines such as:
• characterized by actual and - language
potential expressiveness such as - literature
music, poetry, and literature. - rhetoric
- philosophy
e) Minor Arts - music
• concerned on practical uses and - art history
purposes, such as interior These are branches of knowledge
decoration and porcelain art. that orient towards exploring
2.) According to media and forms: humanness or what human being
thinks and feels.
a) Plastic arts
Fundamental Principles of
• developed through space and Humanities:
perceived by the senses of sight.
Such as art includes decorative 1. Humanities is concerned with
materials and crafts. the development of human
virtue. The goal pertains to
b) Kinetic arts man’s unique virtuous action.
2. Humanities does not aim to
• involve the element of rhythm
remake humanity but rather
such as dance.
to perform social order
c) Phonetic arts through an understanding of
what is basically and
• directed towards sounds and inalienably human.
words as media of expression such 3. Humanities should include the
as music, drama, and literature. development of emotive
d) Pure arts abilities, the shaping of
affective desires, the fullest
• take only one medium of expression of aesthetic
expression such as color in qualities, and the enhancement
painting and sound in music. of powers of self-direction
and control.
e) Mixed arts
• take more than one medium of
expression such as the stage play The term “Humanities”
which combines music, poetry and Generally, refers to art,
drama. literature, music, architecture,
dance, and the theatre. The
ultimate goal of which is the
Humanities Defined expressions of man’s thoughts and
feelings in tangible forms.
HUMANITIES - is about the HUMAN
HISTORY. On the other hand, Art
Appreciation Is more than the
- HUMAN HISTORY IS YOUR HISTORY. aesthetic enjoyment. It is related
- HUMANITIES helps us to understand to the experience derived from
what it means to be a human. the understanding of artistic
- HUMANITIES help us to see how all works or the ability to judge and
generations everywhere are
value such encounter. So, the - Direct words from
importance of humanities lies in typography and graphic
studying and understanding what messages that are so
makes a community different from relatable as if the author
your own. has read your mind and
feelings;
The Nature of Art
- And identifying oneself with
Humanities - Latin “Humus” the properties of an
- ground artwork: an homage to
something; works addressing
“Humanus” diaspora, displacement, and
- human other social issues.
- cultured
- refined Identify and understanding the
self
Art - Italian “artis” Today’s generation, being the
- human creative skills (e.g., “me” generation, is also
artisans) sometimes tagged as the
“anxious generation”. A lot of
Importance: It is indeed important social issues evidently reflect
in our lives. this struggle for identity:
- Art, like love, is not easy to gender issues, disconnectedness
define. brought on by social media,
- It is an activity that provides the regionalism, and even mental
beauty and pleasure. It is also health issues. Sometimes we see
made out of one’s skill as well as ourselves in an artwork.
one’s feelings and emotions. Sometimes we see ourselves in
Beauty the process.
One of the innate qualities that Art - can serve as a powerful
“pretty art” can give is that it tool to help us communicate and
makes our dull, lifeless wall come relay our confusion. Even
to life. The contrast of having psychological interventions use
something “alive” and dynamic to art as therapy to aid in
look at on something ordinary processing some sensitive
and common, let us say a pristine experiences.
white wall, evokes in us an affinity
toward its beauty. What does art portray?
- Though we have different, notions Beauty
of beauty, still it is common
Happiness and Hope
denominator when we are talking
about appreciating forms of art. Identity and understanding
Beauty makes sense to most of us. oneself
Grief and healing
Happiness and Hope Remembering and mark-marking
There is something about art
Raising awareness
that mirrors the soul of those
Culture and togetherness
willing to confront it. In a societal
Subject matter, it Serves as the
tone, artworks tend to echo the
basis of the creation of
hopes and anxieties of an age.
masterpiece. It is often called
There is a wide range of
theme in literature.
properties of art why it gives a
sense of joy and hope to its THE SUBJECT OF ART:
audience. These are examples:
1. People - Portraits of
- When paintings are placed in particular person or human
a daunting environment such figures used in stories as
as hospitals; heroes or Gods, or used for
- The experience and process religion or self-discovery or
of creating art itself; personality.
- The bliss of looking at a 2. OBJECT - Functional or useful
piece of imagery evoking a subjects, still life, found
happy memory: e.g., the objects, and objects used as
painting of a do;
 symbols of ownership, culture designed according to the
or value. principles of functionalism.
3. Other living things - Plants, PAINTINGS AND SCULPTURES - Used
Animals from land, air and to recounts events, to portray
sea, used to decorate, as people or events, to teach (as in
part of a story or as a case of religious art), to
study in themselves. They also commemorate individuals or
used as symbols or motifs historical events and to serve as
for design or expression of medium of personal expression of
feelings, themes, and issues. a vision of nature and its
4. Places and spaces - splendor.
Landscapes, seascapes,
cityscapes, interiors, maps FOUR MAIN FUNCTIONS OF ART:
or keys to locations. 1.) Aesthetic Function
5. Events - Important events in - Man becomes aware of the
life (i.e., birth, death, sickness, beauty of nature through arts.
work, etc.) historical, and He/she learns thru his/her and
public or social events (i.e., others work which moves him to
wars, coronation, executions, use, love, preserve, and care for
festivals, plagues, etc.) the environment for his/her
6. ISSUES AND THEMES - pleasure and appreciation.
Controversial and most
often universal issues or 2.) Utilitarian Function
topics such as feminism, - Art enriches man’s life. The basic
multiculturalism, pollution or needs such as food, clothing,
human rights, and themes such shelter, medicine and other
as abstraction, color, love, necessities and conveniences in life
hate, cruelty etc. such as language, beautiful
7. Representational/objective environment, transportation and
arts - Works of art that personal accessories are
portray something provided by arts to man. Also,
recognized with ease by most art enhances nature through
of audience. landscaping, gardening,
8. NON-REPRESENTATIONAL/NON- construction of roads and
OBJECTIVE ARTS - Artworks highways, and propagation and
that do not have similarity to conservation of natural
real objects. resources.

Ways of Presenting the 3.) Cultural Function

Subject: - Through books, clippings,
magazines, and other printed
1. PAINTINGS matters, art is transmitted and
2. SCULPTURES skills and knowledge and
3. GRAPHIC ARTS preserved and handed from one
4. LITERATURE generation to another. It becomes
5. THEATRE ARTS the basis and source of one’s
6. MUSIC cultural background and makes
7. ARCHITECTURE man more educated and refined
8. FUNCTIONAL ARTS and his/her life more substantial
Functions of Art - It must contain and lasting.
or provide a practical purpose 4.) Social Function
and be capable of functioning the - Civic and graphic arts that
objective for which it was intended. evoke emotions conveying love
MUSIC AND DANCE - used for rites and generosity make man learn to
empathize and cooperate.
and worship of the Gods and for
Collective behavior is influenced
social and folk entertainment of
the people as well as for military by art and is manifested by the
purposes. way men/women think, feel, and
decide. Catchy words and striking
ARCHITECTURE - permits man to
designs presented in vivid colors
communicate his desires for
can attract and present social
beauty. In a building, the purpose is
realities that can muster a
very clear for its construction is
phenomenon of change.
 All of them use three basic
ingredients:
The Mediums of Art
- Pigment
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA - Binder
Drawing - is the simplest and most - Solvent
efficient way to communicate visual
PAINTING COMPONENTS:
ideas, and for centuries charcoal,
chalk, graphite and paper have A. Pigments are granular solids
been adequate enough tools to incorporated into the paint to
launch some of the most profound contribute color.
images in art. B. Binder is commonly referred to
as the vehicle, is the actual film-
TYPES OF DRAWING MEDIA:
forming component of paint. The
1.0) Dry Media includes charcoal, binder holds the pigment in
graphite, chalks and pastels. solution until it’s ready to be
dispersed onto the surface.
The artist can manipulate a C. Solvent controls the flow and
drawing to achieve desired application of the paint.
effects in many ways, including
exerting different pressures on PAINTING MEDIUMS:
the medium against the drawing’s
1. ENCAUSTIC
surface, or by erasure, blotting
- Heat is used throughout the
or rubbing.
process, from melting the beeswax
1.1) Graphite media includes pencils,
and varnish to fusing the layers
powder or compressed sticks.
of wax.
Each one creates a range of
- paint mixes dry pigment with a
values depending on the hardness
heated beeswax binder.
or softness inherent in the
- The mixture is then brushed or
material.
spread across a support
STILL LIFE - OBSERVATIONAL DRAWING
surface.
BY HIGHSCHOOL ART.
- Reheating allows for longer
1.2) Charcoal, perhaps the oldest manipulation of the paint.
form of drawing media, is made by
simply charring wooden sticks or EX. A 6th-century encaustic icon
small branches, called vine from Saint Catherine’s Monastery,
charcoal but is also available in Egypt
a mechanically compressed form.
1.3) Pastels are essentially 2. TEMPERA
- paint combines pigment with an
colored chalks usually
egg yolk binder, then thinned and
compressed into stick form for
released with water.
better handling.
1.4) Oil pastels is a pigment mixed - It dries quickly to a durable
matte finish.
with an organic oil binder that
- In early Christianity, tempera was
delivers a heavier mark and lend
used extensively to paint images of
themselves to more graphic and
vibrant results. religious icons.
EX. Crevole Madonna by Duccio,
2.0) Wet media
tempera with gold ground on
Ink - any substance that can be
wood, 1284, Siena
put into solution and applied to a
drawing’s surface. 3. FRESCO
- painting is used exclusively on
Felt tip pens are considered a
form of wet media. plaster walls and ceilings.
- There are two forms of fresco:
PAINTING - there are six major Buon or “wet”, and secco, meaning
painting mediums, each with specific “dry”.
individual characteristics:
EX. Domenico di Michelino, Dante’s
- Encaustic
- Tempera Divine Comedy, 1465, buon fresco,
the Duomo, Florence, Italy
- Fresco
- Oil 4. OIL
- Acrylic - paint is the most versatile of all
- Watercolor the painting mediums. It uses pigment
mixed with a binder of linseed oil. environments and aircraft
- oil paint dries slower than other painting.
mediums, it can be blended on the
PRINTMAKING
support surface with meticulous
detail. Printmaking uses a transfer
process to make multiples from
EX. Leonardo Da Vinci, Mona Lisa,
an original image or template.
1503 – 06, oil on popular panel,
Louvre Museum, Paris There are three basic techniques
of printmaking:
5. ACRYLIC
- paint was developed in the 1950’s • Relief - such as a woodcut or
and became an alternative to oils. linoleum cut, is created when the
- The acrylic polymer has areas of the matrix (plate or
characteristics like rubber or block) that are to show the
plastic. printed image are on the original
- Acrylic paints offer the body, surface. (E.G., The Martyrdom of
color resonance and durability Abraham Lincoln; B&W relief-block
of oils without the expense, mess print by Stephen Alcorn)
and toxicity issues of using heavy
solvents to mix them. • Intaglio - prints such as etchings,
- They are water soluble, but once are made by incising channels into
dry become impervious to water a copper or metal plate with a
or other solvents. sharp instrument called a burin to
create the image, inking the entire
EX. Fancy Feathers by Cher plate, then wiping the ink from the
Anderson, Acrylic Painting surface of the plate, leaving ink
only in the incised channels below
6. WATERCOLOR
the surface. (E.G., FRANCISCO GOYA,
- is the most sensitive of the
CORRECCION, 1799.)
painting mediums. It reacts to the
lightest touch of the artist and • Etching begins by first applying
can become an over worked mess a protective wax-based coating
in a moment. to a thin metal plate.
• The artist then scratches an
EX. October Russet, by Tony Couch
image with a burin through the
OTHER PAINTING MEDIUMS USED BY protective coating into the
ARTISTS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: surface of the metal.
1. Enamel paints - form hard skins Etching:
typically with a high-gloss finish. - Covering of Acid Resistant
They use heavy solvents and are Varnish
extremely durable. - Design using Etching Needle
- Dipping of Metal in Acid
2. Powder coat paints - differ
- Re-application of Stain
from conventional paints in that
- Pressing of Paper for printing
they do not require a solvent to
keep the pigment and binder parts • Planar - prints like monoprints
in suspension. are created on the surface of the
- They are applied to a surface as matrix without any cutting or
a powder then cured with heat to incising.
form a tough skin that is stronger - In this technique the surface of
than most other paints. the matrix (usually a thin metal
- Powder coats are applied plate or Plexiglass) is completely
mostly to metal surfaces. covered with ink, then areas are
partially removed by wiping,
3. Epoxy paints - are polymers,
scratching away or otherwise
created mixing pigment with two
removed to form the image. Paper
different chemicals: a resin and a
is laid over the matrix, then run
hardener.
through a press to transfer the
- Epoxy paints, like powder coats
image to the paper.
and enamel, are extremely
durable in both indoor and • Lithography is another example
outdoor conditions. of planar printmaking, developed
- These industrial grade paints in Germany in the late 18th century.
are used in sign painting, marine “Litho” means “stone” and “graph”
means “to draw”. The traditional "topics will vary in degrees
matrix for lithography is the of abstraction"
smooth surface of a limestone - Freedom from
block. representational qualities in
art.
- Abstraction in its main sense
COLLAGE - a medium that uses
is a conceptual process
found objects or images such as where general rules and
newspaper or other printed
concepts are derived from
material, illustrations,
the usage and classification
photographs, even string or
of specific examples, literal
fabric, to create images. It also ("real" or "concrete")
refers to works of art (paintings,
signifiers, first principles, or
drawings and prints) that include
other methods.
pieces of collage within them.
- When an artist is
EX.: • Mossaic Artwork of Mosaics overwhelmed by a phase of a
and stained glass by Yvette scene and does not display
Vasquez. the subject as an objective
• An interpretation to the Starry reality , but shows only his
Night by Vincent Van Gogh idea or his feeling about it.
- It is the creative expression
of the artist using his own
VISUAL ARTS ART DESIGN: technique of streamlining and
organizing objects and
ART DESIGN - Design is the overall elements.
organizational visual structure of - Abstraction is
the formal elements in a work of nonrepresentational as it
art. focuses on the structure and
STRUCTURAL DESIGN - Strength and form rather than on the
durability object itself.
- Requires simplicity, 3. DISTORTION
proportionality and suitability of - Technique of the artist to
the materials to meet the purpose. dramatize the shape of the
DECORATIVE DESIGN - Simple and figure to generate an
moderate emotional effect.
- Enhances the surface of the - It is done when the figure has
structure and gives strength to been drawn so that
the materials. Consider the proportions deviate
background and space to give ab obviously from the natural
effect of simplicity and dignity. appearance and
NATURALISTIC DESIGN measurement, twisting,
- Exact replica of natural form. stretching, or deforming the
CONVENTIONAL DESIGN - Result of the innate form of the object.
impression of natural form. 4. ELONGATION
- An artistic method of
UTILITY - when design is to
lengthening, or protracting,
strengthen and give durability of
or extending the natural
materials.
form of an object to focus
BEAUTY - when the design is to
on the movement, or texture,
enrich the surface or an area.
or shape.
Techniques of Subject 5. MANGLING
presentation: - An uncommon scheme to
present an abstract
1. REALISM subject used by a few artists
- This means of presenting the who portray subjects or
subject is largely dependent objects which are cut,
on the artist’s interest, lacerated, mutilated or
imagination, creativity and slashed with repeated blows.
purpose. No art is said to be 6. CUBISM
an exact replica of nature. - The cubist, as referred to
2. ABSTRACTION by art enthusiasts to artist
- The quality of dealing with who use such mode of
ideas rather than events. abstraction, stresses of
 other pictorial elements several movements of a
wanting to show forms in their subject at the same time. Most
fundamental geometrical of the subjects are
shapes. automobiles, railroad trains,
7. ABSTRACT EXPRESSION and other objects that
- A style of abstraction express the tense life of
characterized by great modern city.
enthusiasm, use of large 12. SURREALISM
canvasses, and purposely - The art tries to reveal a
lack of refinement in paint new and higher reality than
application. daily life. Surrealism is a
- Includes vivid colors, unique coined word denoting super
technique of applying paint realism. Surrealist claim to
so thickly that brush knife create forms and images not
strokes can be seen, uneven primarily by motivation but
brush strokes, and rough by unthinking impulse and
textures, which departs blind sentiment or by
totally from the subject accident.
matter, from studied 13. EXPRESSIONISM
accuracy, and from any kind - The artist attempts to
of defined design. present an emotional
8. SYMBOLISM experience in its most
- Artistic use of persuasive form to express
representations or the subjective feelings and
artistic method of revealing emotions rather than to
ideas or truths that sought depict reality or nature
to evoke, rather than objectively.
describe, ideas or feelings
through
- the use of symbolic images.
9. FAUVISM
- The attempt of fauves or
artist who belong to the
movement of fauvism is to
paint pictures of elation,
delight and comfort.
- They do not follow any
ethical, philosophical, or
psychological theme. They use
exceptionally intense colors
such as red, yellow and
green.
10. DADAISM
- The presentation of art is
playful and highly
experimental as the term
dada means nothing.
- The artwork is ambiguous
and meaningless as it
functions to shock and
provoke the public with
outrageous pieces.
- Artist deliberately use
everyday objects as
sculptures and subjects of
paintings because it was
simply nonsensical
11. FUTURISM
- The subject of the art
depiction are machine and
motion.
- Futurism was characterized
by the attempted depiction of