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Educ 197 Reviewer

Reviewer
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Reviewer
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EDUC 197 REVIEWER 2.

Modern Philosophical Thoughts


2.3 Reformation
FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION - Proponent: Martin Luther
Believed that salvation comes through faith 2.1 Perennialism
not good works. Proponent: Robert Hutchins
I. HISTORICAL FOUNDATION - Religious moralism Knowledge that has endured
1. Early Conception of Education - Physical education, math, history etc. through time and space should
constitute the foundation of
1.1 Primitive Education 2.4 Counter Reformation education. Ex. Law, constitution
- Education for conformity. - Proponent: Jansenist, Jesuits and
To follow the rules and the Christian Brother 2.2 Essentialism
compliance of the law. Believed that the highest authority should be Proponent: William Bagley
- Well-known for their enculturation. in the power of the Pope. Teaching the basic/essential
To passed down culture - Arithmetic, reading, writing and religion (4rs) skills and knowledge.
through oral stories.
- Types of civilization 2.5 Education for training of the mind 2.3 Progressivism
a. Home - Formal Discipline
b. Environment Proponent: John Dewey, John
- Proponent: John Locke Pestalozzi
- Gender stereotyping
- To train the mind through rigorous exercises in Education is always in the
order to develop intellectual capacities. process of development.
1.2 Oriental Education
- Education for Preservation of Social 2.6 Rationalism
Stability - To enable man to think for themselves. 2.4 Existentialism
- To Impress traditional Ideas and Proponent: Jean Paul Sartre
2.7 Education in Harmony in Nature Man shapes his being as he
customs in order to maintain and
- Naturalistic Concept of Education lives.
perpetuate the long, established social
- Proponent: Jean Jacques Rousseau Letting the students decide on
order.
Believed that human is naturally good in their own.
- Focuses on the geographical location, nature.
believed to be started in Eastern - to develop the individual in accordance with
countries. 2.5 Social Reconstructionism
the laws of human development and to
Proponent: George Counts
a. China (Chinese) preserve the natural goodness of man.
Social reconstructionist believe
Contribution: Cung fu
that systems must be changed to
Rivers: Huang and Yangtze 2.8 Education for Patriotic Citizenship overcome oppression and
- Nationalistic Conception improve human conditions
b. India (Indian) - World war 1
Contribution: Hindu Dancing/ Yoga
- To develop military preparedness and
Rivers: Ganges and Indus
aggressiveness for the preservation and 3. Eastern Philosophies
glorification of the State.
c. Egypt (Egyptian)
Contribution: Government System 3.1 Hinduism
River: Nile River 2.9 Education as Psychological Development Proponent: Mahatma Gadhi
- To direct and control growth and development Commitment to an ideal way of
1.3 Greek Education through appropriate educational procedures. life characterized by courage,
Education for the Development of - JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI - Social honesty, service, faith etc.
Individuality regeneration of humanity YOGA
FRIEDRICH FROEBEL - Development of the child
- To promote Individual success and -

- JONATHAN HERBART - Moral development


welfare through the harmonious - EQWARD LEE THORNDIKE - realize the fullest 3.2 Buddhism
development of the various aspects of satisfaction, of human wants • Contents: Math, Proponent: Siddharta
human personality. -
science Gautama
KARMA and NOBLE TRUTH
a. Spartan 2.10 Education as a Scientific Determined
7 years old Process 3.3 Confucianism
Teacher: Paidomus - The born of technology Proponent: Confucius
School Program: Agoge - To make education a science. Moral life through devotion to the
Teaching Techniques: rivalry and
competitions family
2.11 Education as Social Reconstruction
- Social Experimentalism 3.4 Taoism
b. Athenians
6 years old - Prepare for a progressive rebuilding of the Proponent: Lau-tzu
Teacher: Paido tribes social order. Strongly believes in WU WEI let
-

School: Palaestra things comes naturally


Teaching Technique: debate and II. PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION
discussion
1. Major Philosophical Thoughts 3.5 Zen Buddhism (Japanese
1.4 Roman Education version)
Education for Utilitarianism 1.1 Idealism Proponent: Siddharta
- To educate the Roman youth for Proponent: Plato Gautama
realizing national ideals. What the mind conceive it can be Encourage meditation
- Physical Training achieved. Calligraphy
Mind over matter.
2. Modern Conception of Education 3.6 Islam
1.2 Realism Proponent:
Proponent: Aristotle, Herbart Muhammad/Mohammed
2.1 Education for Rich, Full Life
and Comenius Five Pillar: Allah, prayer, fasting,
- Italian or Individualistic Humanism
Knowledge is derived from sense almsgiving, pilgrimage)
- Proponent: Vittorino da Feltre
of experience.
- To secure rich and full life for each
Experience is the best teacher.
individual through contacts with the
ancient.
1.3 Pragmatism
Proponent: John Dewey
2.2 Northern of Social Humanism
Believe that the curriculum
- Proponent: Desiderius Erasmus
should reflect the society,
- For social reformation
emphasizing the needs and
- Classical and biblical literature
interest of the children.
(religious)
Multiple Intelligence
III. PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL (regional offices, division offices, district offices and Erikson Psychosocial Theory
schools).
SYSTEM
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT
Education during Pre-Spanish Period
Aims: For survival, conformity, and enculturation
DEVELOPMENT
Content: Informal Education, Religion-oriented
Methods: tell me and shew me, observation, trial A. BASIC CONCEPT
and error. ➢ Growth
Pertains to the physical change and
Education during the Spanish Period increase in size.
Aims: To propagate Christianity
Contents: Religious Education, Vocational ➢ Development
courses Involves increase in the complexity of Havighurst Developmental Stage and Task
Methods: Dictation and memorization function and skill progression.
❖ The vernacular was used as the
medium of instruction in the parochial ➢ Maturation
schools. Consists of changes that occur
❖ The religious orders introduced the relatively independent of the
parochial school. environment.
❖ Education Is suppressed, exclusive (for
the elite), and inadequate. ➢ Zone of Proximal Development
(ZPD)
Education during the American Period wherein the child acquires new skills
Aim: To teach democracy as a way of life and information with the help or
Methods: Socialized recitation, Student's assistance of an adult or an adult peer.
participation
Contents: Reading, writing, arithmetic, language, ➢ Heredity
GMRC, civics, hygiene and sanitation, gardening, The process of transmitting biological
domestic science, American, History, and traits from parents to offspring through
Philippine history. genes, the basic units, of heredity.

Education During the Japanese Era (1943-45)


➢ Ethological Theory
Aims: To strive for the diffusion of the Japanese Views development in terms of
language in the Philippine and to terminate the use
evolutionary concepts.
of the English language in schools to stress the
dignity of manual labor.
➢ Attachment Kohlberg’s Moral Development
Contents: Vocational, Technical, Agriculture,
Refers to the emotional bond to
Values rooted on love for labor, physical education
another person.
and singing Japanese songs, health/vocational
education. ➢ Psychosexual Theory
Proponent: Sigmund Freud
Education During the Republic (1943-1972) personality development that focuses on the
Alms: Full realization of the democratic ideals and changing seat of sensual pleasure of the
way of life promotion of equal educational individual.
opportunities for all
Contents: ➢ Psychosocial Theory
❖ Social orientation as manifested by the Proponent: Erik Erickson
conservation other Filipino heritage personality which focuses on the individual's
interactions with the society.
❖ Training for occupation
❖ promotion of democratic nation
➢ Ecological Theory
building.
Proponent: Eric Bronfenbrenner's
❖ a new thrust on community development in which the process is a
development.
joint function of the person and all
levels of the environment.
Education During 1986-2000
Aim: To promote national development and values
➢ Oedipus Complex
education refers to a son's sexual attitude
The Congressional Commission on Education
towards his mother.
(EDCOM), In Its report In 1991, recommended the
following:
➢ Electra Complex
❖ trifocalization of DECS Into the
Refers to a daughter’s affection to his
Department of Education (DepEd),
father.
Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA), and
Commission on Higher Education Sigmund Freud Psychosexual Theory ➢ Cephalocaudal
(CHED);
head downward
❖ establishment of Teacher Education
Council and Centers of Excellence;
➢ Proximodistal
❖ professionalization of teachers; and center of the body outward
❖ Technical-Vocational Education
reform.
➢ Prenatal period is divided into three
st
major phases
Education During the 21 Century
a. Germinal
Aim: To provide the school age population and
b. Embryonic
young adults with skills, knowledge and values to
c. Fetal
become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic
citizens.
Republic Act 9155 (Governance of Basic Education Act),
was passed transforming ihe name of the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department
of Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices

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