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EDUC 197 REVIEWER 2.
Modern Philosophical Thoughts
2.3 Reformation FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION - Proponent: Martin Luther Believed that salvation comes through faith 2.1 Perennialism not good works. Proponent: Robert Hutchins I. HISTORICAL FOUNDATION - Religious moralism Knowledge that has endured 1. Early Conception of Education - Physical education, math, history etc. through time and space should constitute the foundation of 1.1 Primitive Education 2.4 Counter Reformation education. Ex. Law, constitution - Education for conformity. - Proponent: Jansenist, Jesuits and To follow the rules and the Christian Brother 2.2 Essentialism compliance of the law. Believed that the highest authority should be Proponent: William Bagley - Well-known for their enculturation. in the power of the Pope. Teaching the basic/essential To passed down culture - Arithmetic, reading, writing and religion (4rs) skills and knowledge. through oral stories. - Types of civilization 2.5 Education for training of the mind 2.3 Progressivism a. Home - Formal Discipline b. Environment Proponent: John Dewey, John - Proponent: John Locke Pestalozzi - Gender stereotyping - To train the mind through rigorous exercises in Education is always in the order to develop intellectual capacities. process of development. 1.2 Oriental Education - Education for Preservation of Social 2.6 Rationalism Stability - To enable man to think for themselves. 2.4 Existentialism - To Impress traditional Ideas and Proponent: Jean Paul Sartre 2.7 Education in Harmony in Nature Man shapes his being as he customs in order to maintain and - Naturalistic Concept of Education lives. perpetuate the long, established social - Proponent: Jean Jacques Rousseau Letting the students decide on order. Believed that human is naturally good in their own. - Focuses on the geographical location, nature. believed to be started in Eastern - to develop the individual in accordance with countries. 2.5 Social Reconstructionism the laws of human development and to Proponent: George Counts a. China (Chinese) preserve the natural goodness of man. Social reconstructionist believe Contribution: Cung fu that systems must be changed to Rivers: Huang and Yangtze 2.8 Education for Patriotic Citizenship overcome oppression and - Nationalistic Conception improve human conditions b. India (Indian) - World war 1 Contribution: Hindu Dancing/ Yoga - To develop military preparedness and Rivers: Ganges and Indus aggressiveness for the preservation and 3. Eastern Philosophies glorification of the State. c. Egypt (Egyptian) Contribution: Government System 3.1 Hinduism River: Nile River 2.9 Education as Psychological Development Proponent: Mahatma Gadhi - To direct and control growth and development Commitment to an ideal way of 1.3 Greek Education through appropriate educational procedures. life characterized by courage, Education for the Development of - JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI - Social honesty, service, faith etc. Individuality regeneration of humanity YOGA FRIEDRICH FROEBEL - Development of the child - To promote Individual success and -
- JONATHAN HERBART - Moral development
welfare through the harmonious - EQWARD LEE THORNDIKE - realize the fullest 3.2 Buddhism development of the various aspects of satisfaction, of human wants • Contents: Math, Proponent: Siddharta human personality. - science Gautama KARMA and NOBLE TRUTH a. Spartan 2.10 Education as a Scientific Determined 7 years old Process 3.3 Confucianism Teacher: Paidomus - The born of technology Proponent: Confucius School Program: Agoge - To make education a science. Moral life through devotion to the Teaching Techniques: rivalry and competitions family 2.11 Education as Social Reconstruction - Social Experimentalism 3.4 Taoism b. Athenians 6 years old - Prepare for a progressive rebuilding of the Proponent: Lau-tzu Teacher: Paido tribes social order. Strongly believes in WU WEI let -
School: Palaestra things comes naturally
Teaching Technique: debate and II. PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION discussion 1. Major Philosophical Thoughts 3.5 Zen Buddhism (Japanese 1.4 Roman Education version) Education for Utilitarianism 1.1 Idealism Proponent: Siddharta - To educate the Roman youth for Proponent: Plato Gautama realizing national ideals. What the mind conceive it can be Encourage meditation - Physical Training achieved. Calligraphy Mind over matter. 2. Modern Conception of Education 3.6 Islam 1.2 Realism Proponent: Proponent: Aristotle, Herbart Muhammad/Mohammed 2.1 Education for Rich, Full Life and Comenius Five Pillar: Allah, prayer, fasting, - Italian or Individualistic Humanism Knowledge is derived from sense almsgiving, pilgrimage) - Proponent: Vittorino da Feltre of experience. - To secure rich and full life for each Experience is the best teacher. individual through contacts with the ancient. 1.3 Pragmatism Proponent: John Dewey 2.2 Northern of Social Humanism Believe that the curriculum - Proponent: Desiderius Erasmus should reflect the society, - For social reformation emphasizing the needs and - Classical and biblical literature interest of the children. (religious) Multiple Intelligence III. PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL (regional offices, division offices, district offices and Erikson Psychosocial Theory schools). SYSTEM CHILD AND ADOLESCENT Education during Pre-Spanish Period Aims: For survival, conformity, and enculturation DEVELOPMENT Content: Informal Education, Religion-oriented Methods: tell me and shew me, observation, trial A. BASIC CONCEPT and error. ➢ Growth Pertains to the physical change and Education during the Spanish Period increase in size. Aims: To propagate Christianity Contents: Religious Education, Vocational ➢ Development courses Involves increase in the complexity of Havighurst Developmental Stage and Task Methods: Dictation and memorization function and skill progression. ❖ The vernacular was used as the medium of instruction in the parochial ➢ Maturation schools. Consists of changes that occur ❖ The religious orders introduced the relatively independent of the parochial school. environment. ❖ Education Is suppressed, exclusive (for the elite), and inadequate. ➢ Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) Education during the American Period wherein the child acquires new skills Aim: To teach democracy as a way of life and information with the help or Methods: Socialized recitation, Student's assistance of an adult or an adult peer. participation Contents: Reading, writing, arithmetic, language, ➢ Heredity GMRC, civics, hygiene and sanitation, gardening, The process of transmitting biological domestic science, American, History, and traits from parents to offspring through Philippine history. genes, the basic units, of heredity.
Education During the Japanese Era (1943-45)
➢ Ethological Theory Aims: To strive for the diffusion of the Japanese Views development in terms of language in the Philippine and to terminate the use evolutionary concepts. of the English language in schools to stress the dignity of manual labor. ➢ Attachment Kohlberg’s Moral Development Contents: Vocational, Technical, Agriculture, Refers to the emotional bond to Values rooted on love for labor, physical education another person. and singing Japanese songs, health/vocational education. ➢ Psychosexual Theory Proponent: Sigmund Freud Education During the Republic (1943-1972) personality development that focuses on the Alms: Full realization of the democratic ideals and changing seat of sensual pleasure of the way of life promotion of equal educational individual. opportunities for all Contents: ➢ Psychosocial Theory ❖ Social orientation as manifested by the Proponent: Erik Erickson conservation other Filipino heritage personality which focuses on the individual's interactions with the society. ❖ Training for occupation ❖ promotion of democratic nation ➢ Ecological Theory building. Proponent: Eric Bronfenbrenner's ❖ a new thrust on community development in which the process is a development. joint function of the person and all levels of the environment. Education During 1986-2000 Aim: To promote national development and values ➢ Oedipus Complex education refers to a son's sexual attitude The Congressional Commission on Education towards his mother. (EDCOM), In Its report In 1991, recommended the following: ➢ Electra Complex ❖ trifocalization of DECS Into the Refers to a daughter’s affection to his Department of Education (DepEd), father. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and Commission on Higher Education Sigmund Freud Psychosexual Theory ➢ Cephalocaudal (CHED); head downward ❖ establishment of Teacher Education Council and Centers of Excellence; ➢ Proximodistal ❖ professionalization of teachers; and center of the body outward ❖ Technical-Vocational Education reform. ➢ Prenatal period is divided into three st major phases Education During the 21 Century a. Germinal Aim: To provide the school age population and b. Embryonic young adults with skills, knowledge and values to c. Fetal become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens. Republic Act 9155 (Governance of Basic Education Act), was passed transforming ihe name of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices