1 Two of the main uses of zinc are for galvanising and for making alloys.

One of the main ores of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS. There are two stages in the extraction of zinc
from this ore.

(a) Stage 1 Zinc oxide is made from zinc blende.

Describe how this is done and write a word equation for the reaction.

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(b) Stage 2 Zinc oxide is reduced to zinc.

Write a word equation for the reduction of zinc oxide by coke.

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(c) The zinc produced by this process is impure. It can be purified by electrolysis using a
method which is similar to the purification of copper . Under the conditions used in
the process, zinc

is the product at the negative electrode (cathode).

Complete the following description of this purification.

The electrolyte is aqueous ..................................................................................................... [1]

The negative electrode (cathode) is made of ......................................................................... [1]

The positive electrode (anode) is impure zinc.

The equation for the reaction at the cathode is ...................................................................... [1]

The equation for the reaction at the anode is......................................................................... [1]

Explain why the concentration of the electrolyte does not change.

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(d) Brass is an alloy which contains zinc.

(i) Name the other metal in brass.

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2 Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite, in a blast furnace.

Substances added to the furnace are:

Substances formed in the blast furnace are:

(a) State the two functions of the coke used in the blast furnace.

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(b) Write an equation for the conversion of hematite, Fe2O3, to iron.

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(c) Explain how the silica impurity is removed and separated from the molten iron.

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(d) The molten iron from the furnace is impure.

Explain how the carbon is removed. Include an equation in your answer.

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3 A reactivity series of metals is given below.

metal name symbol

sodium lithium Na
most
magnesium
reactive Li
zinc
Mg
manganese
iron copper Zn
rhodium
Mn

Fe
least
Cu
reactive
Rh

(a) Which two metals will react most vigorously with cold water?

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(b) Which two metals will not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?

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(c) Describe a test-tube experiment which will show that manganese is more reactive than copper.

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(d) Manganese is a typical transition metal.

Predict three physical and two chemical properties of this metal. physical properties

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chemical properties

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