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CMB Chapter 2

Cell and Molecular Biology Chapter 2

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JJ Almagro
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24 views25 pages

CMB Chapter 2

Cell and Molecular Biology Chapter 2

Uploaded by

JJ Almagro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Extracellular matrix and cell


adhesion
HYALINE CARTILAGE
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
• Network of macromolecules embedded in a
ground substance that hold cells together in
tissues. ECM is secreted by the cells
themselves.
• Macromolecules include polysaccharides and
proteins.
• Fewer in epithelial, muscle, nervous tissues.
• Large amount of matrix in connective tissues
Composition of ECM
• Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
also known as mucopolysaccharides. GAGs
include heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate,
• Fibrous proteins—which includes collagen and
elastin
• Adhesive proteins—which includes fibronectin
and laminin
Collagen—most abundant fibrous
protein
Elastin—found in blood vessels,
lungs and skin.
Disorders in fibrous proteins
Adhesive Proteins
• Fibronectin—found mostly in connective
tissues
• Laminin—found in epithelial tissues which
make up the basement membrane or basal
lamina
Cell Adhesion
• Cell-to-ECM and cell-to-cell adhesions are
additionally mediated by plasma membrane-
anchored proteins call cell adhesion
molecules.
• Collections of adhesion molecules form cell
junctions that join cells together in tissues.
• Adhesion has been involved in the
pathogenesis of diseases including viral
infections, cardiovascular disease, and bone
and joint diseases.
Cell junctions
• These are specialized regions where cells
adhere to one another.
• Types include:
– Tight junctions
– Adherens junctions
– Desmosomes or anchoring junctions
– Hemidesmosomes-which link cytoskeletal
intermediate filaments to the basal lamina
– Gap junctions or communicating junctions
Cell adhesion and disease
• Extravasation—cell migration from circulation
to tissue which may cause fatty streak
formation leading to cardiovascular diseases
• Adhesion molecule defects—leading to cancer
metastasis and pemphigus—blister formation
• Increased adhesion molecule expression and
inflammation—leading to asthma, rheumatoid
arthritis
• Adhesion molecules as receptors for infectious
agents such as viruses.

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