[ SQL/ MONGODB/ CASSANDRA/ REDIS ] Essential Commands

Basic SQL Commands:

● SELECT: Retrieve data from a database.

● INSERT INTO: Insert data into a table.
● UPDATE: Modify existing data in a table.
● DELETE FROM: Delete data from a table.
● CREATE DATABASE: Create a new database.
● CREATE TABLE: Create a new table.
● ALTER TABLE: Modify the structure of an existing table.
● DROP TABLE: Delete a table.
● DROP DATABASE: Delete a database.
● CREATE INDEX: Create an index on a table.
● DROP INDEX: Delete an index from a table.
● TRUNCATE TABLE: Remove all rows from a table.
● DESCRIBE or DESC: Show table structure.
● COUNT(): Count the number of rows in a table.
● SUM(): Calculate the sum of values in a column.
● AVG(): Calculate the average of values in a column.
● MAX(): Find the maximum value in a column.
● MIN(): Find the minimum value in a column.
● GROUP BY: Group rows based on a column's values.
● HAVING: Filter grouped rows.
● ORDER BY: Sort rows in the result set.
● WHERE: Filter rows based on conditions.
● JOIN: Combine data from multiple tables.
● UNION: Combine the result sets of multiple SELECT statements.
● DISTINCT: Retrieve unique values from a column.
● LIKE: Perform pattern matching in a WHERE clause.
● IN: Specify multiple values in a WHERE clause.
● BETWEEN: Retrieve values within a range.
● NULL: Filter for NULL values.
● CASE: Perform conditional operations.
● AS: Alias columns or tables.

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 ● LIMIT: Limit the number of rows returned.
● OFFSET: Skip a specified number of rows.
● AS: Alias columns or tables.
● LIMIT: Limit the number of rows returned.
● OFFSET: Skip a specified number of rows.

Intermediate SQL Commands:

● INNER JOIN: Return only matched rows from multiple tables.

● LEFT JOIN: Return all rows from the left table and matched rows
from the right table.
● RIGHT JOIN: Return all rows from the right table and matched rows
from the left table.
● FULL OUTER JOIN: Return all rows when there is a match in either
the left or right table.
● SELF JOIN: Join a table with itself.
● UNION ALL: Combine the result sets of multiple SELECT statements,
including duplicates.
● EXISTS: Check for the existence of rows in a subquery.
● NOT EXISTS: Check for the non-existence of rows in a subquery.
● COUNT(DISTINCT()): Count distinct values in a column.
● INNER SELECT: Create a subquery within a SELECT statement.
● INSERT INTO SELECT: Insert data from one table into another based
on a SELECT query.
● UPDATE JOIN: Update rows in one table based on values from another
table.
● DELETE JOIN: Delete rows from one table based on values from
another table.
● CASE WHEN: Perform conditional logic within a query.
● COALESCE(): Return the first non-null value in a list.
● CONCAT(): Concatenate strings.
● CAST(): Convert data types.
● EXTRACT(): Extract date or time components.
● DATE functions: Perform operations on date values (e.g., DATEADD,
DATEDIFF).
● WINDOW functions: Perform calculations across a set of table rows.

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 ● TRIGGERS: Execute actions automatically when specific events occur
in the database.

Advanced SQL Commands:

● INDEX types: Learn about various index types (e.g., B-tree, Hash).
● MATERIALIZED VIEWS: Precomputed views of data stored as tables.
● TRANSACTIONS: Manage atomic and consistent database operations.
● JOINS: Master complex JOINs, including multiple JOIN clauses.
● SUBQUERIES: Create and optimize subqueries.
● STORED PROCEDURES: Define and execute server-side procedures.
● FUNCTIONS: Create and use custom functions.
● TRIGGERS: Write more complex database triggers.
● VIEWS: Create and manage views for data abstraction.
● TEMPORARY TABLES: Use temporary tables for session-specific data.
● TRANSACTION ISOLATION: Understand different isolation levels
(e.g., READ COMMITTED, SERIALIZABLE).
● USER MANAGEMENT: Manage database users, roles, and permissions.
● BACKUP and RESTORE: Learn database backup and restore procedures.
● OPTIMIZATION: Optimize SQL queries and database performance.
● PARTITIONING: Implement table partitioning for large datasets.
● ADVANCED AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS: Learn about additional aggregate
functions (e.g., VARIANCE, STDDEV).
● JSON functions: Perform operations on JSON data.
● Regular Expressions (REGEX): Use regular expressions in SQL.
● WITH common_table_expression (CTE): Create recursive CTEs.
● Database Optimization Techniques: Learn about indexing, query
optimization, and database design best practices.

NoSQL Database Commands:

MongoDB Commands:

● db.createCollection: Create a new collection.

● db.collection.insertOne: Insert a single document into a
collection.

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 ● db.collection.insertMany: Insert multiple documents into a
collection.
● db.collection.find: Retrieve documents from a collection.
● db.collection.updateOne: Update a single document.
● db.collection.updateMany: Update multiple documents.
● db.collection.deleteOne: Delete a single document.
● db.collection.deleteMany: Delete multiple documents.
● db.collection.aggregate: Perform aggregation operations.
● db.collection.createIndex: Create an index on a collection.
● db.collection.dropIndex: Drop an index from a collection.
● db.collection.distinct: Find distinct values in a field.
● db.collection.countDocuments: Count documents in a collection.
● db.collection.findOneAndReplace: Find a document and replace it.
● db.collection.findOneAndUpdate: Find a document and update it.
● db.collection.find().sort(): Sort query results.
● db.collection.find().limit(): Limit the number of results.
● db.collection.find().skip(): Skip a specified number of results.
● db.collection.find().pretty(): Format query results for
readability.
● db.collection.bulkWrite: Perform bulk write operations.
● db.collection.find().explain("executionStats"): Get query execution
statistics.
● db.collection.find().hint(): Provide index hint for queries.

Cassandra Commands:

● CREATE KEYSPACE: Create a new keyspace.

● CREATE TABLE: Create a new table.
● ALTER TABLE: Modify table structure.
● INSERT INTO: Insert data into a table.
● UPDATE: Update data in a table.
● DELETE: Delete data from a table.
● SELECT: Retrieve data from a table.
● CREATE INDEX: Create an index on a table.
● DROP KEYSPACE: Delete a keyspace.
● DROP TABLE: Delete a table.

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 ● DESCRIBE KEYSPACES: List keyspaces.
● DESCRIBE TABLE: Describe a table.
● TRUNCATE TABLE: Remove all data from a table.
● BATCH: Perform batch operations.
● ALLOW FILTERING: Allow filtering in SELECT queries.

Redis Commands:

● SET: Set a key-value pair.

● GET: Get the value associated with a key.
● DEL: Delete a key.
● EXPIRE: Set a key's time to live in seconds.
● INCR: Increment the integer value of a key.
● DECR: Decrement the integer value of a key.
● HSET: Set the field of a hash.
● HGET: Get the value of a hash field.
● HMSET: Set multiple hash fields.
● HMGET: Get multiple hash fields.
● HGETALL: Get all fields and values of a hash.
● RPUSH: Append a value to a list.
● LPOP: Remove and return the first element of a list.
● ZADD: Add a member to a sorted set.
● ZRANGE: Return a range of members in a sorted set.
● ZSCORE: Get the score of a member in a sorted set.
● SADD: Add a member to a set.
● SMEMBERS: Get all members of a set.
● SORT: Sort elements in a list, set, or sorted set.
● PUBLISH: Publish a message to a channel.
● SUBSCRIBE: Subscribe to a channel.
● UNSUBSCRIBE: Unsubscribe from a channel.
● PSUBSCRIBE: Subscribe to patterns in channels.
● PUNSUBSCRIBE: Unsubscribe from patterns in channels.

Advanced NoSQL Commands:

● MapReduce (MongoDB): Perform MapReduce operations.

● Cassandra Secondary Indexes: Create and use secondary indexes.
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● Cassandra Batch Statements: Execute batch operations.
● Redis Pub/Sub: Publish/Subscribe to multiple channels.
● Redis Transactions: Perform multi-command transactions.
● Redis Pipeline: Execute multiple commands in a pipeline.
● MongoDB Aggregation Pipeline: Create complex aggregations.
● Cassandra User-defined Functions (UDFs): Create and use UDFs.
● Cassandra Materialized Views: Create materialized views.
● Redis Lua Scripting: Write and execute Lua scripts.
● MongoDB Geospatial Queries: Perform geospatial queries.
● Redis Streams: Work with streams and consumer groups.
● Redis Sentinel: Monitor and manage Redis high availability.
● Cassandra TTL (Time To Live): Set TTL on data.
● Cassandra Compaction Strategies: Configure data compaction.
● MongoDB Change Streams: Listen for changes in a collection.
● MongoDB Full-Text Search: Perform text-based searches.
● Cassandra SASI Indexes: Use secondary indexes for search.
● Redis Cluster: Set up a Redis cluster for high availability.
● Cassandra Materialized Views with TTL: Combine materialized views
with TTL.
● MongoDB Atlas: Manage MongoDB in the cloud.
● Cassandra Repair: Repair data inconsistencies in Cassandra.
● Redis Cluster Failover: Handle failover in a Redis cluster.
● Cassandra Backups and Restores: Perform backups and restores.
● MongoDB Security: Configure security settings.
● Redis Security: Secure Redis instances.
● Cassandra Authentication and Authorization: Implement
authentication and authorization.

By: Waleed Mousa