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Groups Handwritten Notes

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
322 views82 pages

Groups Handwritten Notes

Topic: Groups notes complete

Uploaded by

Mahnoor Imtiaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 82

Groups: Handwritten notes by Atiq ur Rehman

http://www.MathsStudyForStudent.blogspot.com/

Partial Contents

m
co
t.
po
1. Groups; definition and examples 1

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2. Order of group, order of element 3

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3. Periodic group, mixed group 4

t.
4. Subgroup 6 n
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5. Invalution 8
tu

6. Relation between groups, homomorphism, monomorphism, epimorphism, isomorphism,


rS

endomorphism, examples and related theorem 9


o
yF

7. Kernel, definition and related theorems 13


ud

8. Cyclic group, related theorems 18


St
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9. Complex in a group, product of complexes and related theorems 24


at

10. Coset, definition and examples 30


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11. Index of subgroup, Lagrange’s theorem 31


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w

12. Double coset, related theorem 33


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13. Normalizer, definition and related theorems 34

14. Centralizer, centre of group, related theorem 36

15. Conjugate or transform of a group, definition and related theorems 37

a
16. Self conjugate, conjugancy class, related theorem 40

17. Class equation, p-group, definition and related theorems 43

18. Conjugate subgroup, definition and related theorems 45

19. Normal subgroup, definition and related theorems 49

m
20. Factor or quotient group, definition and related theorem 53

co
t.
21. 1st isomorphism theorem, related theorem 55

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22. 2nd isomorphism theorem 58

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23. 3rd isomorphism theorem 60

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24. Endomorphism, automorphism, definition and related theorem 62

25. Conjugation as an automorphism 64 n t.


de
26. Inner and outer automorphism, definition and related theorems 65
tu

27. Commutator of a group, definition and related theorem 70


o rS

28. Derive group or commutative group, definition and related theorem 71


yF

29. Direct product of groups, definition and related theorems 73


ud
St

30. Invariant subgroup 79


hs

31. Characteristic subgroup 80‘


at
.M

Available at http://www.MathsStudyForStudent.blogspot.com/
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MathsStudyForStudent Groups (Handwritten notes)
www.MathsStudyForStudent.blogspot.com
Merging man and maths

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={ The End }=

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