Page 1 of 9 SANKALP_TE-2

TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS – SHEET - 2

  
1. Find the number of values of  in the interval   ,  satisfying the equation (1 - tan) (1 +
 2 2
2 2
tan) sec  + 2 tan  = 0

2. tan + tan2 + tan tan2 = 1

3. tanx – sin x = 1 – tanx . sinx

4. 3 cos2 - 2 3 sin  cos  - 3 sin2 = 0

5. 5 sin2x – 7 sin x cos x + 16 cos2x = 4

6. cos  + cos3 + cos5 + cos7 = 0

7. sin x + 2 sin 2x = 3 + sin 3x

8. sin 5 . cos 3 = sin 9 . cos 7

9. Find  . sin (3 + ) + sin(3 - ) + sin ( - ) – sin ( + ) = cos  given cos   0

10. Find x. sin 3 = 4 sin  sin (x + ) sin (x - ) given sin   0.

11. If 32 tan8 = 2 cos2 - 3 cos  and 3 cos2 = 1 then find 

29
12. sin10x + cos10x = cos 4 2x .
16

  1
13. If sin( cos ) = cos( sin ) then prove that Cos     
 4 2 2

14. Prove that the equation k cos x – 3 sin x = k + 1 is

solvable only if k  (–, 4]

15. (sinx + cosx)1+sin2x = 2

when x  [–, ]
16. cos x = | 1 + sin x|

17 | 3 cos x  sin x |  2

18. Find the smallest positive number p for which the equation cos (p sin x) = sin (p cosx) has a
solution for x  [0, 2].
19 Find real values of x for which 27cos2x . 81sin2x is min. Also find this min value.

20. If  and  be two distinct values of  lying between 0 to 2 satisfying the equation 3 cos  +
4 sin = 2. Fid the value of sin ( + ).

Equation of the from f(sin, cos, sin  cos) = 0

21. sinx + cosx - 2 2 sinx cosx = 0

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HINTS & SOLUTIONS

2
1. (1- tan) (1 + tan) sec2  + 2tan 
02
2 2 tan2 
 (1 – tan ) (1 + tan ) + 2 0
2
 1 – tan4 + 2tan 
0
2
 1  2tan   tan4 
By observation, we have tan2 = 3.
 = n  (/3)
Moreover there will be values of , satisfying, 3  tan2  4 and satisfying the given
equation as if f(x) = x2 – 2x – 1, then f(34) f(4–)  0.
So the number of values of  is 4.
   
And , lying in the interval   ,  is 
 3 3 3
2. We re-write the equation as
tan + tan2 = 1 - tan . tan2
tan   tan 2

1  tan  tan 2
 tan 3 = 1 = tan /4
 3 = n  + /4
n 
  
3 12
3. Here, tan x – sin x = 1 – tan x . si x
 tan x = tan x . sin x – sin x – 1 = 0
 tan x (1 + sin x) – (1 + sin x) = 0
 (tan x – 1) (1 + sin x) = 0
 tan x = 1 or sin x = –1
  
 x  n  or x  n  ( 1)n   
4  2
 
But for the second solution x = nx + (–1)n    tanx is not defined.
 2
 This solution can not serve as the solution of the given original equation.

 x = n + is the only possible solution.
4
4. The given equation can be written as
 3 tan2   2 3 tan   3  0
2 3  12  36 1
 tan    , 3
6 3
1 
Either tan    tan
3 6
  = n + /6 … (i)
or tan   3  tan(  / 3) t
  = n - /3 … (ii)
 
   n  and   n 
6 3
5. To solve this equation, we use the fundamental formula trigonometric identity.
sin2x + cos2x = 1
writing the equation in the form,
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2 2 2 2
5 sin x – 7 sin x . cos x + 16 cos x = 4(sin x + cos x)
 sin2x – 7 sin x cos x + 12 cos2x = 0
dividing by cos2x on both side we get,
tan2x – 7 tan x + 12 = 0
Now it can be factorized as;
(tan x – 3) (tanx – 4) = 0
 tan x = 3, 4
i.e. tan x = tan (tan–13) or tan x = tan (tan–14)
 x = n + tan–13 or x = n + tan–14.
6. We have,
cos  + cos3 + cos5 + cos7 = 0
 (cos + cos7) + (cos 3 + cos5) = 0
 2 cos 4 . cos 3 + 2 cos 4 . cos  = 0
 cos 4 (cos 3 + cos ) = 0
 cos 4 (2 cos 2 cos ) = 0
 either cos  = 0   = (2n + 1) /2
or cos 2 = 0   = (2n + 1)/4
or cos 4 = 0   = (2n+ 1) /8
  
   (2n  1) , (2n  1) ,(2n  1)
2 4 8
7. Given equation can be written as
sin3x – sinx – 2sin2x + 3 = 0
or, 2sinx cos2x – 4sinx cosx + 3 =0
or, sinx (2cos2x – 4cosx) + 3 = 0
or, sin {2 (2cos2x – 1) – 4 cosx)} + 3 = 0
or, sinx (4cos2x – 4cosx – 2) + 3 = 0
or, sinx {(2 cosx – 1)2 – 3} + 3 = 0
or, sinx (2 cos x – 1)2 + 3 (1 – sinx) = 0 … (1)
We have no find the solutions in the interval 0  x  
For this interval, 0  sinx  1
 1 – sinx  0
also square term  0. Hence the equation (1) holds true only if
sin x (2cosx – 1)2 = 0 … (2)
and 3(1 – sinx) = 0 … (3)
From (3) sinx = 1  cosx = 0  sinx (2cosx – 1)2 = 1  0
Thus (2) and (3) can never be satisfied simultaneously. Hence no solution is possible.
8. Here,
2sin5 . cos 3 = 2 sin 9 . cos 7
 sin 8 + sin 2 = sin 16 + sin 2
 sin 8 = sin 16 or sin 16 = sin 8
 16 = n + (–1)n 8 … (i)
when n is even equation (i) becomes
n
8 = n   = … (ii)
8
when n is odd equation (i) becomes;
(2m  1)
24 = (2n + 1)    =  … (iii)
24
 for the given interval [0, /2] equation (i) and (ii) gives the sol, then as
     7  3 11
  0, , and , , , , ,
4 2 24 8 24 24 8 24
 number of solutions is 9.

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9. sin (3 + ) + sin (3 - ) + sin ( - ) – sin ( + ) = cos 
 2sin (3) . cos() + 2 sin (–) cos () = cos 
 2(sin  - sin ) cos  = cos  ( as cos   0 given)
 2 (sin 3 - sin ) = 1
 2.2 sin . cos 2 = 1
 4 sin (1 – 2 sin2) = 1
 4 sin  - 8 sin3  = 1
 8 sin3  - 4 sin + 1 = 0
 (2 sin  - 1) (4sin2 + 2 sin - 1) = 0
1 2  4  16 1  5
 sin   or sin   
2 8 4
  5  1
   n  ( 1)n or   n  ( 1)n sin1 
6  4 
 
  1  5 
   n  ( 1)n or   n  ( 1)n sin1  
6  4
 
   3  
   n  ( 1)n or   n  ( 1)n , n  ( 1)n  , n  I
6 10  10 
  5 1  3  1  5 
 sin  sin18o  ,sin     sin( 54o )  
 18 4  10  4 
 General solution set
   
  /   n  ( 1)n    /   n  ( 1)n 
 6  10 
 3 
  /   n  ( 1)n 
 10 
10. sin 3 = 2 sin  [cos 2- cos 2x]
= 2 sin  cos 2- 2 sin  cos 2x
i.e. sin 3 = (sin 3 - sin ) – 2 sin cos 2x
 sin 3 = 3 - sin  (1 + 2 cos 2x)
 sin  (1 + 2 cos 2x) = 0
1
 cos 2x   (as sin   0 given)
2
2
 2x  2n 
3

i.e. x  n  , n  I
3
This is the required general solution
11. Given 3 cos 2 = 1
1
or, cos2 
3
1
1
1  cos 2 3 21
Now, tan   2
 … (1)
1  cos 2 1  1 4 2
3
8 2
Now 32tan  = 2cos  - 2cos
4
2  1
or, 2cos  - 3cos = 32    2 or, 2cos2 - 3cos - 2 = 0
2
 

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2
or, 2cos  - 4cos+ cos - 2 = 0 or, (cos – 2) (2 cos + 1) = 0
1 2
or, 2cos + 1 = 0 [ cos  2] or, cos =   cos
2 3
2
   2n  where n = 0,  1,  2, …
3
12. Using half-angle formulae we can represent the given equation in the form
5 5
 1  cos 2x   1  cos 2x  29
     cos 4 2x
 2   2  16
Put cos 2x = t,
5 5
 1 t   1 t  29 4
     t
 2   2  16
 24t4 – 10t2 – 1 = 0
1
whose only real root is, t 2 
2
1
 cos2 2x 
2
 1 + cos 4x = 1
 cos 4x = 0

 4x  (2n  1)
2
n 
 x  ; n  Integer
4 8
Note: Some trigonometric equations can sometimes be simplified by lowering their degrees.
If the exponent of the sines and cosines occurring into an equation are even, the lowering
of the degree can be done by half angle formulas as in above example.
13. sin ( cos ) = cos( sin )
 
 cos    cos    cos(  sin )
2 

   cos   2n    sin , where n  I
2
1
  cos   2n  sin ; n  I
2
1
  2n  cos  sin ; n  I
2
    1 
 2 cos .cos  sin .sin     2n  ; n  I
 4 4  2 
  1  1  4n  1  4n
 cos        , n I
 4 2 2  2 2
But we know that;
–1  cos (  /4)  1
1  4n
 –1   1, n  I … (ii)
2
which is possible if and only if; n = 0
1  4n 5 2 1  4n 3 2
as for n = –1,   1 and for n = 1,   1
2 2 4 2 2 4
  1
But for n  0, cos      [using (i) and (ii)]
 4 2 2

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 If sin ( cos ) = cos ( sin )
  1
then, cos     
 4 2 2
14. Here,
k cos x – 3 sin x = k + 1, could be re-written as
k 3 k 1
cos x  sin x 
k 9
2
k 9
2
k2  9
k 1
or cos(x  )  c
k2  9
which posses solution only if,
k 1
1  1
k2  9
k 1
i.e. 1
k2  9
i.e. (k + 1)2  k2 + 9
i.e. k2 + 2k + 1  k2 + 9
or k  4
 The interval in which (k cos x – 3 sin x = k + 1) admits solution for k is (–, 4]
15. We know,  a2  b2  a sin   b cos   a2  b2 and -1  sin   1.
 (sin x + cos x) admits the maximum value as 2 and (1 + sin 2x) admits the maximum
value as 2. Also ( 2)2  2 .
 the equation could hold only when,
sin x + cos x = 2 and 1 + sin 2x = 2
Now, sin x + cos x = 2
 
 cos  x    1
 4
 x = 2n  + /4 … (i)
and 1 + sin 2x = 2

 sin 2x  1  sin
2

 2x  n  ( 1)n
2
n 
 x  ( 1)n … (ii)
2 4

The value in [–, ] satisfying (i) and (ii) equations is x = (when n = 0)
4
16. As we know,
1 + sin x  0,for all x
so, cos x = 1 + sin x, for all x
 cos x – sin x = 1
dividing both sides by a2  b2 i.e. by 2 we get
1 1 1
cos x  sin x 
2 2 2
  
 cos cos x  sin sin x  cos c
4 4 4

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
 cos(x   / 4)  cos c
4
 
 x   2n 
4 4

 x  2n, 2n  
2
where 0  x  3
3
 x = 0, , 2 are the only solution.
2
 number of solution are 3.
17. We have
| 3 cos x  sin x | 3  1  2 … (i)
and | 3 cos x  sin x |  2 (given) … (ii)
Thus from (i) & (ii), we must have
| 3 cos x  sin x | 2
3 1
 cos x  sin x  1
2 2
 
 cos cos x  sin .sin x  1
6 6
 
 cos  x    1
 6
   
 cos  x    1 and cos  x    1
 6  6

 x   0, 2, 4 , ... and , 3, 5, ...
6
11 23 5  17 
 x , , ,
6 6 6 6
 11 23  5  17 
 x , , ,  for x  [0, 4]
 6 6 6 6 

18. Given, cos (p sin x) = sin (p cos x)

 
 cos (p sin x) = cos   p cos x 
2 
 
 p sin x = 2n    p cos x  where n = 0,  1,  2, …
2 
taking positive sign

p sin x = 2n + - p cos x
2

or, p (cosx + sin x) = (4n + 1)
2
(4n  1)
or, cosx + sinx =
2p
(4n  1)
for solution,  1 1
2p
[ acos + b sin = c has a solution only if | c |  a2  b2 ]

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| 4n  1| 
 p
2 2
for p be smallest positive, n = 0

 smallest positive value of p =
2 2
Taking negative sign, we have

p sin x = 2n –  p cos x
2

or, p (cosx – sin x) = –2n +
2
| 4n  1| 
or, cosx – sin x =
2p
For solution to exist,
( 4n  1)
 (1)2  ( 1)
2p
( 4n  1)
 p
2 2
for p to be smallest and positive, n = 0

 smallest positive value of p =
2 2

Thus in both cases smallest positive value of p =
2 2

19. Let y = 27cos2x . 81sin2x = 33cos2x + 4sin2x

3 4 
5 cos 2x  sin 2x  4
3 5 5 
 35 cos(2x  ) , where tan = .
3
For minimum y, cos (2x - ) = –1 = cos
 2x -  = 2n  
 2x -  = 2n  
1 4
 x  (2n  1)  tan1  , n  I
2 3
1
Minimum value of y  3 5 
243
20. For real solution of the equation
| 2 |  32  42 or, 2  5 which is true, hence the equation has real solutions.
since ,  satisfy the given equation
3 cos  + 4 sin = 2
3 cos + 4 sin  = 2
…. …. …..
___________________________
3(cos - cos) + 4(sin - sin) = 0
    
or, 3.2 sin sin  4.2cos sin 0
2 2 2 2
     
or, 2 sin   3 sin  4cos 0
 2  2 2 
        
 sin  sin   
 2   2 
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Page 9 of 9 SANKALP_TE-2

Here sin  0 because    and
2
 
 2    and  2    
 max  min
 
 3 sin  4 cos 0
2 2
 4
or, tan 
2 3
 4
2 tan 2
now, sin( + ) = 2  3  24
 16 25
1  tan2 1
2 9
 2 tan  
 sin 2  1  tan2  
 
Note: Whenever the equation is of the form acos + bsin = c, first of all check that whether
real solution exists or not. The condition for this is | e |  a2  b2 . If this condition is
satisfied then only put ,  in the given equsations.
21. Let (sin x + cos x) = t and using the equation
t2  1
sinx.cos x  , we get
2
 t 2  1
t 2 2 0
 2 
 2t 2  t  2  0
1
The number t 2  2, t 2   are roots of this quadratic equation.
2
Thus the solution of the given equation reduces to the solution of two trigonometric
equations:
1
sin x + cos x = 2 and sin x + cos x = 
2
1 1 1 1 1
or sin x  cos x  1 and sin x  cos x  
2 2 2 2 2
    1
or sin x. cos  sin cos x  1 and sin x cos  sin cos x  
4 4 4 4 2
    1
 sin  x    1 and sin  x    
 4  4 2
   
 x   (4n  1) and x   n  ( 1)n  
4 2 4 6
  
 x  2n  and x  n  ( 1)n   
4 6 4
——

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